Technical field The disclosure herein generally relates to an electronic device and methods relating to the electronic device, an electronic device having a plurality of modes, a method of changing the mode of an electronic having a plurality of modes, and specifically but not exclusively to an electronic device for a gauge attached to a vessel, an electronic device for a gas meter, and a telemetric fitting for a gauge attached to a vessel, and a telemetric fitting for gas meter. Background

Fuels that are gaseous at standard ambient temperature and pressure ("gas fuels") may comprise, for example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and mixtures of two or more of these hydrocarbons. Standard ambient temperature and pressure is 25 deg. C and lOlkPa. Gas fuels may also comprise small amounts of other gases including propylene, butylenes, and additives including, for example, odorant gasses in the form of ethanethiol, tetrahydrothiophene, or amyl mercaptan for the detection of gas leaks.

Gas fuels may be compressed to form a liquefied gas fuel. For example, butane, propane, and fuels containing mixtures of these hydrocarbons may be sold as liquid petroleum gas or liquid propane gas, either of which may be abbreviated to LPG. A liquefied gas fuel may be stored in a pressure vessel, examples of which include but are not limited to cylinders and tanks including LPG bulk storage tanks ("LPG bullet tanks"), and liquefied natural gas storage tanks.

Within the pressure vessel is an interface between the liquefied gas fuel and the vapour thereof. The vapour is located above the liquefied gas fuel and within an upper part of the pressure vessel. A vapour outlet in the form of a vapour outlet valve assembly may be attached to the upper part of the pressure vessel.

The quantity of liquefied gas fuel within a pressure vessel may be determined using a liquid- level gauge in the form of a float-level gauge, an example of which if shown in figure 1 and generally indicated by the numeral 10. The float-level gauge of figure 1 is a ROCHESTER brand float-level gauge which is used with LPG bulk storage tanks, however other examples include TAYLOR and COTRAKO brand float-level gauges. The float-level gauge comprises a float 12 connected to a stem 14 via a movable joint 16, and a head 18 from which the stem 14 depends. The head 18 is shown in further detail in a top perspective view thereof in figure 2. The float-level gauge 10 penetrates a pressure vessel wall and the head 18 is externally attached thereto with fasters in the form of bolts that pass through bolt passageways 20 to a flange or other suitable mount that is integrated with the pressure vessel, for example by welds or screws. A seal that surrounds the penetrating stem 14 may be sandwiched between the head 18 and a flange integrated with the pressure vessel wall.

The float 12 follows the interface between the liquefied gas fuel and the vapour thereof. A magnet located at the head 18 is operationally coupled to the float 12. Movement of the float 12 is transmitted to the magnet via a gear system at the joint 16. Vertical movement of the float 12 is transformed to a rotation of the magnet at the head 18, and consequently a rotation of the magnet's magnetic field. The magnet is mounted to rotate around the stem axis. Generally, the magnetic field may be followed by a user-visible external needle, the orientation of which may indicate the height of the float and the interface that the float follows. The use of the magnet enables measurement of the quantity of liquefied gas fuel within the pressure vessel while maintaining a high strength seal, enhancing safety.

While the description above specifically mentions liquefied gas fuel, the description may generally apply for any suitable type of liquid within a vessel that may or may not be pressurised, for example liquefied ammonia, cryogenic liquids including liquefied natural gas and liquefied permanent gases, and refined petroleum products including petrol, kerosene, and fuel oil.

The pressure within a vessel may be measured with a pressure gauge. The pressure within a vessel containing a non-liquefied permeant gas in its gaseous state, for example, may be read to determine the quantity of gas remaining in vessel.

When a user observes that a gauge indicates that the contents of a vessel is low, the user may contact a supply company to refill the vessel.

Natural gas is commonly delivered to a premises via a service line connected to the gas mains. A gas meter may be inserted in the service line to determine the quantity of gas that has been consumed at the premises for billing and other purposes.

Premises may have a plurality of LPG cylinders onsite. An LPG gas changeover valve may control which of the plurality of gas cylinders is connected to a gas outlet. A person may order a gas delivery when a bottle is depleted and the LPG case changeover valve switches to another cylinder. Electronic devices may interface with, for example, gauges, gas meters, and automatic changeover valves. There may be a need to do at least one of the following:

• activate and deactivate the electronic device

• determine whether the electronic device is orientated correctly

• determine whether the electronic device and/or vessel or valve attached thereto has been tampered with

• track the position of a vessel.

Summary

Disclosed herein is an electronic device having a plurality of modes. The electronic device comprises an accelerometer configured to generate accelerometer information when the electronic device is tapped. The electronic device comprises a processor configured to switch from a first mode of the plurality of modes to a second mode of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an acceleration condition.

In an embodiment, the acceleration condition comprises at least one of:

the accelerometer information is indicative of a plurality of taps;

the accelerometer information is indicative of a tap on a selected surface of the electronic device;

the accelerometer information is indicative of a predefined sequence of taps on a plurality of surfaces of the electronic device.

In an embodiment, the accelerometer is configured to switch from one of the plurality of modes to another one of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying another acceleration condition. The acceleration condition and the other acceleration condition may be the same.

In an embodiment, the processor is configured to switch to the second mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a first acceleration condition.

In an embodiment, the processor is configured to switch to the first mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a second acceleration condition.

In an embodiment, the processor is configured to trigger sending a tamper alert in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition. In an embodiment, the processor is configured to switch in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an orientation condition.

In an embodiment, the first mode and the second mode each comprise one of a production mode, a transport mode, a commissioning mode, an operational mode, and a decommissioned mode. There may be other modes, or less modes.

An embodiment comprises a global navigation satellite (GNSS) receiver for generating GNSS information. The processor may be configured to trigger sending the GNSS information. The processor may be configured to trigger sending the GNSS information in response to the processor switching modes. In an embodiment, the processor is configured to trigger sending the accelerometer information.

Disclosed herein is an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an accelerometer configured to generate accelerometer information when the electronic device is tampered with The electronic device comprises a processor configured to trigger sending a tamper alert in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition. Disclosed herein is an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a GNSS system for generating GNSS information. The electronic device comprises a processor configured to trigger sending the GNSS information.

Any embodiment described above may be for a gauge attached to a vessel, and may comprise a telemetric fitting for a level-gauge sensor attached to a vessel. Alternatively, any embodiment described above may be for a gas meter, and may comprise a telemetric fitting for a gas meter. Alternatively, any embodiment described above may be for an automatic changeover valve, and may comprise a telemetric fitting for an automatic changeover valve.

Disclosed herein is an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a GNSS receiver. The electronic device comprises an accelerometer for detecting movement of the electronic device and triggering generation of GNSS information by the GNSS receiver in response to movement being detected thereby.

Disclosed herein is an electronic device comprising an accelerometer and a GNNS receiver for generating GNSS information, the accelerometer being for detection of movement of the electronic device and triggering sending the GNSS information. Disclosed herein is a method of changing the mode of an electronic device having plurality of modes. The method comprises generating accelerometer information when the electronic device is tapped. The method comprises switching from a first mode of the plurality of modes to a second mode of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an acceleration condition.

In an embodiment, the acceleration condition comprises at least one of:

the accelerometer information is indicative of a plurality of taps;

the accelerometer information is indicative of a tap on a selected surface of the electronic device;

the accelerometer information is indicative of a predefined sequence of taps on a plurality of surfaces of the electronic device.

An embodiment comprises switching to the second mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an first acceleration condition.

An embodiment comprises switching to the first mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a second acceleration condition.

An embodiment comprises sending a tamper alert in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition.

An embodiment comprises switching only in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an orientation condition. In an embodiment, the first mode and the second mode each comprise one of a production mode, a transport mode, a commissioning mode, an operational mode, and a decommissioned mode.

An embodiment comprises sending GNSS information in response to switching from one mode to another mode.

An embodiment comprises sending the accelerometer information. Disclosed herein is an electronic device having a plurality of modes. The electronic device comprises an accelerometer configured to generate accelerometer information when the electronic device is acelerated. The electronic device comprises a processor configured to switch from a first mode of the plurality of modes to a second mode of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an acceleration condition. The acceleration may be due to a natural event, for example an earthquake. Alternatively, the acceleration may be induced.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising generating accelerometer information when an electronic device is tampered with and sending a tamper alert in response to the acceleration information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising generating GNSS information for an electronic device, and triggering sending the GNSS information.

Disclosed herein is non-transitory processor readable tangible media including program instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above.

Disclosed herein is a computer program for instructing a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above.

Any of the various features of each of the above disclosures, and of the various features of the embodiments described below, can be combined as suitable and desired.

Brief description of the figures

Embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the

accompanying figures in which:

Figure 1 shows a side elevation view an example of a prior art float-level gauge.

Figure 2 shows a perspective top view of a head of the float-level gauge of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of an electronic device on a vessel.

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of example electronics for the electronic device of figure 3.

Figure 5 shows the electronic device of figure 3 being tapped.

Figure 6 shows a chart of accelerometer information generated by the electronic device of figure 3.

Figure 7 shows the electronic device of figure 3 incorrectly attached to the side of a tank. Figure 8 shows another embodiment of an electronic device on a gas meter being tampered with.

Figure 9 shows a screen shot of a generated map on which is overlaid GNNS information generated by the electronic device of figure 3.

Figure 10 shows another embodiment of an electronic device 58 comprising an automatic changeover valve.

Description of embodiments

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of an electronic device, the electronic device being generally indicated by the numeral 30. The electronic device is for a gauge 34 attached to a vessel 32 and comprises a telemetric unit or fitting for a level-gauge sensor 34 attached to the vessel 32 for measuring the level 33 of a fluid in the vessel 32. The vessel 32 is in this embodiment a pressure vessel in the form of a LPG bulk storage tank, but the vessel may alternatively be any of a cylinder or a tank for any suitable fluid, examples of which include liquefied gas fuel, liquefied ammonia, cryogenic liquids including liquefied natural gas and liquefied permanent gases, water, solutions, liquid chemicals, and refined petroleum products including petrol, kerosene, and fuel oil.

Alternative embodiments described in further detail below include:

• an electronic device for a pressure gauge

• an electronic device for a gas meter, which may comprise a telemetric fitting for the gas meter

• an electronic device comprising an automatic changeover valve.

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of example electronics 36 in the form of a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) within the electronic device 30, the electronics comprising a plurality of electronic systems 40, 42, 44, 46, 50 mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) 38. Mounted on the PCB 38 is a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) accelerometer 40, a GNSS receiver 44, a radio 46, and a processor 42 in the form of a micro-controller unit in communication with each of the other plurality of modules 40, 44, 46. A power source in the form of a battery is generally included. Each of the radio 46 and the GNSS receiver 44 comprise an antenna 48, 50.

The accelerometer 40 is in the form of a micro-machined device that can detect physical acceleration in 1, 2 or 3 axes and provides an analogue and/or digital signal encoding an acceleration vector (i.e. magnitude and direction). The accelerometer 40 can be used for orientation and motion detection. The acceleration vectors from the accelerometer can be integrated once (with respect to time) to obtain velocity, and double integrated to provide a distance vector. The GNSS receiver 44 detects signals from a constellation of satellites in Earth orbit (generally from one or more of the GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou constellations) to determine the geographic position of the GNSS receiver on Earth which is encoded in GNSS information. The GNSS information may include other information, for example time. The absolute position data gathered over time can be summed to obtain a distance vector. The distance vector can be differentiated once (with respect to time) to obtain a velocity vector, and its differentiated twice to obtain an acceleration vector. These vectors are generally absolute vectors with respect to Earth.

The GNSS receiver 44 comprises a system on module (SoM), or a single integrated circuit (IC) with peripheral components, each with one or more antenna front end circuits. The antenna 50 may be a circuit component on the SoM or the PCB 38, or it may be connected via a connector for placement further from the main circuitry or external of housing.

The radio 46 is for wireless transmission of information at radio frequencies. The radio 46 wirelessly transmits the GNSS information and the accelerometer information to a remote computer system in the form of a computer server via a communications network. The computer server may be real or virtual. The radio encapsulates a string of symbols encoding the information in accordance with a communications protocol and subsequently sends the encapsulated string of symbols, together with identification information indicative of the identification of the electronic device 30. The radio 46 comprises at least one of a medium range radio network interface and a long range radio network interface. Medium-to-long range wireless links enables transmission to centralised data centres, for example, using either private and/or commercial radio base stations. In this embodiment, the radio network interface comprises a low power wide area network (LPWAN) interface. The LPWAN interface comprises a low-power wide area network radio (LPWAN) integrated circuit. An LPWAN is a type of wireless communications network for medium to long range communications at bit rates which are generally, but not necessarily, low, and has low power consumption when compared to cellular communication technologies for voice and high bandwidth data services. Examples of LPWAN include but are not limited to LoRa, and Sigfox. The LPWAN radio integrated circuit may be within an LPWAN radio module. The range achieved LPWAN depends on many factors, including the presence of obstacles in the transmission path, but ranges of more than 5 km are common, for example 5-10 km.

Alternative embodiments may have a radio comprising another type of medium range radio network interface or long range radio network interface, for example a cellular radio network interface (examples of which include but are not limited to GSM, CDMA, and LTE cellular radio network interfaces), IEEE 802.11 interface ("Wi-Fi") and a satellite communications interface.

The electronic device 30 has a plurality of modes, in this embodiment at least two modes, however alternative embodiments may have 3, 4, 5 or more modes. The accelerometer 40 is configured to generate accelerometer information when the electronic device is tapped, as shown in figure 5. While figure 5 shows the electronic device 30 being physically tapped with a finger 52, it will be appreciated that the electronic device may be tapped with any object suitable for gently striking the device and imparting a detectable shock thereto, typically a short sharp shock, for example by using a mallet, screwdriver, wand or custom-designed implement. The processor 42 receives the accelerometer information and is configured to switch from one mode (the "first mode") of the plurality of modes to another mode ("the second mode") of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an acceleration condition. It should be understood that referring to two of the modes as the "first mode" and "second mode" does not imply that the first mode always chronologically precedes the second mode (there may be circumstances in which the second mode precedes the first mode), nor does it imply that the first mode is more important than the second mode, nor does it imply that plurality of modes consists of only two modes.

The acceleration condition may generally be any suitable acceleration condition, however some examples of accelerometer conditions include but are not limited to: · the accelerometer information is indicative of a plurality of taps;

• the accelerometer information is indicative of a tap on a selected surface of the electronic device; and

• the accelerometer information is indicative of a predefined sequence of taps on a plurality of surfaces of the electronic device. Detecting, for example, a double tap, a tap on a selected surface, or a predefined sequence of taps on a plurality of surfaces of the electronic device 30 may reduce the number of false positive detections when compared with a single tap. These detection protocols may be programmed into the electronic device firmware or software, for example.

Figure 6 is a chart of the accelerometer information generated by the accelerometer when tapped twice by the single finger 52. A tapping event generally generates a particular acceleration profile which may be detected. The vertical axis is acceleration and the horizontal axis is time. It will be appreciated however that the accelerometer information may comprise information for two or three acceleration axes. The analysis lines in figure 6 indicate the time periods in which the processor looks for the two taps. There may also be an acceleration threshold that must be reached before the processor acknowledges a tap. The processor is configured to switch to the second mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a first acceleration condition. The processor is, in this but not all embodiments, configured to switch to the first mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a second acceleration condition. For example, the first mode and the second mode may each comprise one of a production mode, a transport mode, a commissioning mode, an operational mode, and a decommissioned mode, however other embodiments may have more or less modes. The processor is configured to switch from one mode to another mode in response to a particular accelerometer condition being satisfied. For example, the processor 42 may switch from production mode to transport mode, transport mode or decommissioned mode to commissioning mode, commissioning mode to operational mode, and operational mode to decommissioned mode. Before commissioning, the electronic device 30 is in a low power consumption mode to conserve power, which also reduces or inhibits transmission. In some embodiments, the processor 42 is inactive or not powered in the transport and/or

decommissioned mode and the accelerometer triggers the processor 42 to become active when the accelerometer detects one or more taps, for example a double tap. The processor 42 is configured to trigger the sending of a tamper alert in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition, generally but not necessarily in the operational mode. For example, the tamper condition may be satisfied if the acceleration information indicates a sharp blow or shock has been delivered to the device 30, or the orientation of the device 30 has unexpectedly changed, or the device 30 has been moved. Figure 8 shows another embodiment of an electronic device 54 for a gas meter 56 being tampered with. The electronic device 54 has identical or similar electronics 36 to the embodiment 30. A change in orientation and/or acceleration consistent with movement of the electronic device 54 are detected by the processor and a tamper alert in the form of a message is sent to a computer sever for processing. The remote computer system may send an email or SMS alert, or generally any suitable type of electronic alert, to a person, for example a technician, in response to tampering being detected.

The processor can trigger the GNSS receiver to generate GNSS information. This may be in at least one of the transport, operational, commissioning, or decommissioned modes, for example. Modern accelerometers draw very low "sleep" current whereas a GNSS receiver may not draw such a low current (relative to 10+yr operation on a small primary battery). Thus, using the accelerometer to continuously detect a possible tank relocation but only triggering the GNSS to qualify that the tank has been moved, may result in a very significant saving in battery energy. This provides near-immediate location-change notification, as opposed to an alternative approach to reducing battery usage which involves triggering the GNSS on an infrequent basis, say monthly, by having long periods between GNNS periods of operation to achieve at least 10 years of operation when the electronic device 30 is powered by a small on-board primary battery.

The device itself can be tracked whilst not mounted on the intended tank/ACO/meter to track the device's location.

The acceleration information may also be sent by the radio 46 to the remote computing system so that a tank-filling event or other event can be detected.

The processor 42 is configured to switch modes only in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an orientation condition. Figure 7 for example, shows the electronic device 30 incorrectly attached to the side of a tank 32, instead of at the top of the tank as shown in figure 3. The accelerometer information indicates that the electronic device 30 is not upright. The processor in the electronic device 30 specifies a particular location and orientation for the device to be attached to the tank 32. The accelerometer can be used to determine the orientation of the electronic device 30 with respect to the direction towards the ground and the electronic device's approximate position on the tank can be inferred. For example, if the electronic device is specified to be attached to the top surface of the tank facing up, but is incorrectly attached to the side surface of the tank, the incorrect orientation will be detected by the accelerometer. The processor 42 will not switch to an operational or commissioning mode, for example, when the accelerometer information indicates that the electronic device 30 is not correctly oriented, for example upright. For commissioning, the accelerometer 40 can be used to detect for the correct orientation of the electronic device 30 and to detect a tap sequence in the form of a double-tap to initiate commissioning mode while in at least the transport mode and the decommissioned mode, for example. Other tap sequences may also be suitable. Different orientations during transport and installation are specified to deactivate the electronic device 30 during transport.

The processor 42 is configured to trigger sending the GNSS information and/or the

accelerometer information, for example in at least one of the transport, commissioning, operational and decommissioned modes. The processor 42 is configured to trigger sending the GNSS information when the processor 42 switches modes. The GNSS information is sent by the radio 46 to a remote computer system via the communications network. Figure 9 shows a screen shot of map generated by the remote computer system on which is overlaid the GNNS information received thereby. The GNSS information is associated with the correct site and tank within a data store in the form of a database accessible by the remote computer system. The data store includes site and/or vessel information including a geographic indicator/reference of each site (most typically the site address or post code). In some cases, the data store will also have a global position reference for each vessel, for example in the form of latitude and longitude values which are derived, for example, from a delivery truck computer system, which is generally used to efficiently guide/route drivers to the correct tank to deliver gas.

The server then compares the GNSS information received from the electronic device 30 with a position reference derived by the server for the site address or post code, which may be done in any known way, including using a web service from Google. Association of site/tank to an electronic device 30 is automatic if the two positions are separated by no more than a predetermined distance (for example, 50m for a site with only one tank, less for a site with multiple tanks). If there are none, or more than one candidate site or tank, then the server can present a list of candidate sites or tanks to a person to make a manual decision.

This association is relevant, for example, where the electronic device 30 is being retro-fitted to a tank that is already installed/operational as well as one that is yet to be installed on the consumer site. An added benefit in the latter case is that the device can be fitted at a depot before the vessel is delivered to a consumer's installation site and does not require an additional site visit by a device installer once the tank is installed at the installation site. In this case the tank installer just activates the device at the installation site leaving the site.

This association method also applies to electronic devices other than those for LPG bulk storage tanks, including automatic changeover-valves, gas cylinders, meter reading units etc.

The processor 42 is configured to trigger sending the accelerometer information, for example to the remote computer system via the communications network. The acceleration information may be integrated by the remote computer system to determine velocity and then position

information, which may be overlaid on a map generated by the remote computer system.

Figure 10 shows another embodiment of an electronic device 58 comprising an automatic changeover valve 60. The electronic device 58 has identical or similar electronics 36 as the embodiment 30. The automatic changeover valve 60 is connected to two liquefied gas fuel cylinders 62, 64 for placing in fluid communication either one of the two liquefied gas fuel cylinders 62, 64 with a gas fuel outlet 66. The accelerometer within the electronic device 58 senses acceleration caused by rotational motion or vibration 66 that occurs when the automatic changeover valve 60 places the full liquefied gas fuel cylinder (which is cylinder 64 in figure 10) in fluid communication with the gas fuel outlet 66 when the other liquefied gas fuel cylinder

(which is cylinder 62 in figure 10) is depleted. The accelerometer information generated by the accelerometer 40 is sent to the remote computer system via the communications network for logging this event. The remote computer system can promptly alert the service provider to come and change the empty liquefied gas fuel cylinder 62. The acceleration information may also be sent for detection of a cylinder swap event.

Embodiments may not have all the functions of the embodiment described above. For example, alternative embodiments do not variously switch modes when tapped, do not detect tampering, and do not have a GNSS system.

An embodiment of a method of changing the mode of an electronic device having a plurality of modes will now be described, which can be implemented using the electronic device 30, for example. A step comprises generating accelerometer information when the electronic device is tapped. A step comprises switching from a first mode to a second mode of the plurality of modes in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an acceleration condition.

Various embodiments of the method may optionally comprise any of the following steps: · switching from the first mode to the second mode in response to the accelerometer

information satisfying a first acceleration condition

switching from the second mode to the first mode in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a second acceleration condition

sending a tamper alert in response to the accelerometer information satisfying a tamper acceleration condition

switching from one mode to another mode only in response to the accelerometer information satisfying an orientation condition • sending GNSS information in response to switching from one mode to another mode

• sending the accelerometer information.

An embodiment of another method that can be implemented using the electronic device 30 will now be described. The embodiment comprises generating accelerometer information when an electronic device is tampered with and sending a tamper alert when the acceleration information satisfies a tamper acceleration condition.

An embodiment of yet another method that can be implemented using the electronic device 30 will now be described. The embodiment comprising generating GNSS information for an electronic device, and triggering sending the GNSS information. The electronic devices 30, 543, 58 comprise non-transitory processor-readable tangible media including program instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above. The tangible media comprises memory in the form of nonvolatile memory in the form of flash memory, but may comprise a hard drive or generally any suitable form of non-volatile memory. The electronic device 30,54, 58 comprise a computer program for instructing a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above.

Summary of example modes

Production mode

In production mode, any mode or functionality may be invoked, such as a low power mode and high power mode, sleep, wake, transmit and receive modes, depending on the requirements of a test. For example, to measure the power rail voltage level during high current use, a test system may invoke the device to transmit and then measure the power rail voltage. In other words, the test system sets up conditions for measurements to validate the hardware.

Specific configurations and identification information may also be programmed into the electronic device memory (which may reside in the processor 42 external memory in the form of, for example, Flash), such as the unique device ID.

Transport mode In transport mode, all electronic components (ICs) in the device are in their lowest power mode, such as shutdown, sleep and low power mode, depending on the device's requirement, until an Activation event occurs. RF transmission is disabled in transport mode.

In transport mode, the accelerometer may be in its lowest output data rate (ODR) capable of detecting an Activation event. Upon detecting an Activation event, the accelerometer wakes up the micro-controller for transition into the Commissioning state.

There are no scheduled events, and can only transition to the next state via an Activation event. Commissioning mode

This is a temporary transitional state which may actually be implemented as a set of sequences or subroutines that occur, after an Activation event, within the Transport state.

The device sends GNSS fix data, its unique ID, tank levels, installation orientation, etc., and any other relevant information required for commissioning.

During this state, correct and incorrect installation orientation is detected by the accelerometer and the GNSS fix is used to associate the device to tank and site. After running through these predefined sequence of actions, the device automatically transitions into the Operational state without further events.

Operational mode

Operational mode is generally but not necessarily, on average, the device' s highest power mode. The various components in the electronic device toggle between high and low power modes depending on the functions they need to perform, such as data transmitting, receiving GNSS, gas level data sampling, etc. To conserve power, the device is typically in low power mode most of the time, only going into higher power modes for specific hardware components (ICs) that are necessary for the desired function, after which the components are put back into lower power modes. In this mode, the electronic device performs data collection and transmission and waits for RTC events and Decommissioning events.

If the device is switched in this mode, the accelerometer detects the movement and wakes up the GNSS receiver to track its travel and update the server of its new locations. In the case of a gas meter installation, a mechanical tamper attempt is detected by the accelerometer and an alarm is sent to the server.

Decommissioned mode

In the decommissioned mode, the device is in low power mode in general, but may make regular, but infrequent, GNSS fixes and transmit that data to alert the server of its location.

This mode may be entered into by a Decommissioning event.

The device is generally transitioned out of this mode by an Activation event.

Now that embodiments have been disclosed, it will be appreciated that some embodiments may have some of the following advantages:

• In the case of a large scale deployment (large quantity of devices, by numerous

(unskilled) installers, in numerous geographies) a method of activation that does not require distribution of a custom activation tool and associated user training in the use thereof is of significant benefit. Variations and/or modifications may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Reference to a feature disclosed herein does not mean that all embodiments must include the feature.

Prior art, if any, described herein is not to be taken as an admission that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction.

In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word

"comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, that is to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.