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Title:
EMITTER AND METHOD FOR HEATING AN OBJECT WITH INFRARED ENERGY
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2000/049641
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for increasing the output of an infrared emitter (10). High temperature concerns affecting the radiant energy transfer efficiency of the infrared emitter (10) are addressed by varying the emitter tube design and varying the locations of both the reflective (110) and high (220) emissivity materials located on the emitter constituent parts. A cooling fluid may be passed through the emitter (10) from both ends to allow higher power density or to cool the emitter (10) during its operation. Selectable wavelength infrared emissions are achieved through the design of the infrared emitter (10).

Inventors:
FANNON MARK G (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2000/004066
Publication Date:
August 24, 2000
Filing Date:
February 17, 2000
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
FANNON MARK G (US)
International Classes:
H01K1/24; H01K1/26; H01K1/28; H01K1/34; H01K1/58; H01K7/00; (IPC1-7): H01K/
Foreign References:
US5382805A1995-01-17
US4017758A1977-04-12
EP0828285A21998-03-11
US4870316A1989-09-26
EP0509584A11992-10-21
EP0560420A11993-09-15
US4611143A1986-09-09
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Falcoff, Monte L. (Dickey & Pierce P.L.C. P.O. Box 828 Bloomfield Hills, MI, US)
Download PDF:
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Claims:
CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. An infrared emitter comprising: a longitudinally extending energy emitting filament; a longitudinally extending, tubular enclosure formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the enclosure enclosing the filament, the enclosure having at least one inner tubular support device in a predetermined position and a plurality of apertures for fluid flow therethrough; a longitudinally extending outer tubular sheath formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the outer tubular sheath having an inner and an outer surface and a plurality of ports at predetermined locations to allow fluid flow therethrough through the sheath; a pair of end caps closing open ends of the outer sheath, each end cap having at least one passage for fluid flow therethrough; a reflector formed on a surface of the sheath and extending partially circumferential around the sheath to define a window through which infrared energy may pass; and wherein the sheath is spaced apart from the enclosure to protect the reflector from the infrared energy being emitted by the filament.
2. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the emitter comprises a tungsten filament and a gas filling the enclosure comprised of halogen.
3. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 including a heat sink intimately associated with an electrical conductor extending from the filament out through the enclosure.
4. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 including a heat dissipater comprising a high emissivity coating disposed over the exterior reflector area forming an intimate contact with its substrate.
5. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the filament has two ends, each end with an associated electrical conductor and corresponding heat sink.
6. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the enclosure is a cylinder.
7. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the enclosure is parabolic.
8. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the enclosure is elliptical.
9. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the sheath is a cylinder.
10. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the sheath is parabolic.
11. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the sheath is elliptical.
12. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support is positioned concentric to the sheath.
13. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support material is high temperature such as ceramic, glass, and quartz, and reflective to electromagnetic waves.
14. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support is plated with an electromagnetic wave reflective material.
15. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to permit minimum resistance to fluid flow.
16. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to permit a resistance to fluid flow.
17. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to create a back pressure of fluid flow.
18. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to create a predetermined fluid flow pattern.
19. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to create a uniform fluid flow pattern.
20. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to create a looplike fluid flow pattern.
21. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device aperture is constructed to created rotational fluid flow pattern.
22. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner tubular support device is constructed to accommodate the sheath and the enclosure.
23. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the heat sink is constructed from a material with a rapid thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, cermet, and metal alloy.
24. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the heat sink is designed to include a plurality of integral fins.
25. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the heat sink is plated with an electromagnetic wave reflective material.
26. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the outer surface of the sheath includes a disposed electromagnetic wave reflective film.
27. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein ultraviolet emissions are simultaneously emitted with the infrared energy.
28. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein the inner surface of the sheath includes a disposed integral electromagnetic wave reflective film.
29. An infrared emitter according to Claim 1 wherein a high emissivity material is disposed on a surface of the window for electromagnetic wavelength emission conversion.
30. An electromagnetic emitter according to Claim 1 wherein all emissions are comprised of greater than 50% within ultraviolet electromagnetic wavelength band.
31. An infrared emitter according to Claim 26 wherein the reflective film includes gold.
32. An infrared emitter according to Claim 26 wherein the reflective film includes an outer surface disposed with an integral electromagnetic wave high emissivity material.
33. An infrared emitter according to Claim 26 wherein the reflective film includes an outer surface with an integral electromagnetic wave high emissivity material disposed in a pattern.
34. An infrared emitter according to Claim 28 wherein the reflective film includes gold.
35. An infrared emitter according to Claim 28 wherein the outer surface of the sheath includes a disposed electromagnetic wave reflective film.
36. An infrared emitter according to Claim 29 wherein the high emissivity material is disposed on a surface of the window in a pattern for multiple peak electromagnetic wavelength emissions.
37. An infrared emitter comprising: a longitudinally extending energy emitting filament; a longitudinally extending, tubular enclosure formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the enclosure enclosing the filament the enclosure having at least one inner tubular support device in a predetermined position and a plurality of apertures for fluid flow therethrough; a longitudinally extending outer tubular sheath formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the outer tubular sheath having an inner and an outer surface and a plurality of ports at predetermined locations to allow fluid flow therethrough through the sheath; a pair of end caps closing open ends of the outer sheath, each end cap having at least one passage for fluid flow therethrough; a reflector formed on a surface of the sheath and extending partially circumferentially around the sheath to define a window through which infrared energy may pass; and wherein the sheath is spaced apart from the enclosure to protect the reflector from the infrared energy being emitted by the filament; a rotatable outer housing longitudinally extending along and partially circumferentially encapsulating the enclosure, the rotatable outer housing having a plurality of circumferential chambers wherein rotation of the housing positions a selected chamber to coincide with the window.
38. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein two end closures suitably constructed to interface between the housing and the enclosure, forming a seal and allowing circumferential rotations of the housing about the enclosure.
39. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the housing is constructed form a single high temperature material such as ceramic, quartz, metal and cermet.
40. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the housing is constructed from a framework of high temperature material such as ceramic, quartz, metal, and cermet.
41. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the inner wall is coated with a material that absorbs primary electromagnetic wave radiation and the outer wall is coated with a material that has a high emissivity factor to emit electromagnetic wave radiation outward.
42. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the ultraviolet emissions are simultaneously emitted with the infrared energy.
43. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein at least one chamber is clear thermopane.
44. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the inner wall is coated with a material that is highly reflective to electromagnetic radiation emission such as aluminum, gold, stainless steel, ceramic, gold alloy, and metal alloy.
45. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the end closures include accommodations such that an external drive can automatically rotate the housing.
46. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the end closures are coated with a electromagnetic wave reflective material.
47. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the end closures include cooling ports.
48. An infrared emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the end closures are thermally insulated.
49. An electromagnetic emitter according to Claim 37 wherein the total emissions are comprised of greater than 50% within the ultraviolet electromagnetic wavelength band.
50. An infrared emitter according to Claim 40 wherein the inner and outer wall material varies throughout the housing.
51. An infrared emitter according to Claim 40 wherein the inner and outer wall material varies from chamber to chamber.
52. An infrared emitter comprising: a longitudinally extending energy emitting filament; a longitudinally extending, cylindrical enclosure formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the enclosure having an inner and outer surface enclosing the filament.
53. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein all but a predetermined portion of the inside surface of the enclosure is covered with a reflector.
54. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein all but a predetermined portion of the outer surface of the enclosure is covered with a high emissivity material.
55. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein the filament support comprises a high temperature material such as tungsten, tantalum, and other high temperature alloys.
56. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein the filament is wrapped in a coil direction.
57. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein the filament support wraps in a direction opposite the direction of the filament coil.
58. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein the filament support includes a dielectric coating.
59. An infrared emitter according to Claim 52 wherein the filament support is coated with an insulating material.
60. An infrared emitter comprising: a longitudinally extending energy emitting filament; a longitudinally extending, tubular enclosure formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the enclosure enclosing the filament the enclosure having at least one inner tubular support device in a predetermined position and a plurality of apertures for fluid flow therethrough; a longitudinally extending outer tubular sheath formed of infrared energy transmitting material, the outer tubular sheath having an inner and an outer surface and a plurality of ports at predetermined locations to allow fluid flow therethrough through the sheath; a pair of end caps closing open ends of the outer sheath, each end cap having at least one passage for fluid flow therethrough; a reflector formed on a surface of the sheath and extending partially circumferential around the sheath to define a window through which infrared energy may pass; and wherein the sheath is spaced apart from the enclosure to protect the reflector from the infrared energy being emitted by the filament.
61. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the exhaust tube includes two end fasteners and an Oring interposed between an end fastener and an end cap.
62. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the exhaust tube includes exhaust holes.
63. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the end fasteners are split thread design.
64. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the end fasteners are designed to slide past the end caps.
65. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the end fasteners are each in two pieces.
66. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the end fasteners include a refractory material attached to the inner surface area.
67. An infrared emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the ultraviolet emissions are simultaneously emitted with the infrared energy.
68. An electromagnetic emitter according to Claim 60 wherein the total emissions are comprised of greater than 50% within the ultraviolet electromagnetic wavelength band.
69. A method for heating an object with infrared energy comprising the steps of: passing a current through an elongated filament to produce infrared energy, the filament being disposed within a hermetically sealed elongated tubular enclosure surrounding the enclosure with an outer elongated tubular sheath of infrared energy transmitting material having an inner and an outer surface with a plurality of ports strategically located at predetermined locations along the outer surface of the sheath, the sheath having two ends, each end having at least one passage for fluid flow therethrough, a reflective coating on an inner surface of the sheath extending partially cicumferentially with the sheath and the central longitudinal section forming a window, a high emissivity coating disposed over the outer surface of the sheath and congruent to the reflective coating, and in intimate contact with its substrate, the central longitudinal section of the sheath being spaced apart from the enclosure about the entire circumference of the enclosure sufficiently to protect the reflective coating from the infrared energy being emitted by the filament, reflecting infrared radiation from the filament off of the reflective coating on the sheath, back toward the filament, passing infrared radiation towards an object from the filament through the window, and passing a cooling fluid through the space between the sheath and the enclosure to cool the end seals, the sheath, the reflective coating, and the high emissivity coating.
70. A method according to Claim 69 comprising the further step of incorporating a rotatable outer housing longitudinally extending along and partially circumferentially encapsulating the enclosure, having a plurality of integral chambers so constructed that rotation of the housing can selectively position a chamber to coincide with the window, and two end closures suitably constructed to interface between the housing and enclosure, forming a seal and allowing circumferential rotation of the housing about the enclosure thus accommodating selectable electromagnetic wavelength emission.
71. An infrared emitter according to Claim 69 wherein the ultraviolet emissions are simultaneously emitted with the infrared energy.
72. An electromagnetic emitter according to Claim 69 wherein the total emissions are comprised of greater than 50% within the ultraviolet electromagnetic wavelength band.
Description:
INTERNATIONALSEARCHREPORT InternationalApplicationNo PCI/'US 00/04066 C.(Continuation)DOCUMENTSCONSIDEREDTOBERELEVANT CategoryCitationofdocument,withindication,whereappropriate,o ftherelevantpassagesRelevanttoclaimNo. Y EP 0828285A(MATSUSHITAELECTRICINDCO8,11,64 LTD)11March1998(1998-03-11) A61 abstract;figure17 column19,line56-column20,line2 AUS4870316A(OTANIKATSUYA)13 26September1989(1989-09-26) abstract;figure3 column5,line16-line25 AEP0509584A(PHILIPSNV)24 21October1992(1992-10-21) figures3,4 AEP0560420A(KONINKLPHILIPS68 ELECTRONICSNV) 15September1993(1993-09-15) abstract;figure1 column1,line23-line32 AUS4611143A(SHIMAZUYUJIETAL)68 9September1986(1986-09-09) abstract;figure4B column1,line29-line30 column1,line67-column2,line10 column5,line20-line23 1 Into ationalapplicationNo. INTERNATIONALSEARCHREPORTPCT/US00/04066 Box IObservationswherecertainclaimswerefoundunsearchable(Continu ationofitem1offirstsheet) ThisInternationalSearchReporthasnotbeenestablishedinrespecto fcertainclaimsunderArticle17(2)(a)forthefollowingreasons: 1.1 Claims Nos.: becausetheyrelatetosubjectmatternotrequiredtobesearchedbythi sAuthority,namely: 2.ClaimsNos.: becausetheyrelatetopartsoftheInternationalApplicationthatdon otcomplywiththeprescribedrequirementstosuch anextentthatnomeaningfulInternationalSearchcanbecarriedout,s pecifically: 3.C| Claims Nos.: becausetheyaredependentclaimsandarenotdraftedinaccordancewit hthesecondandthirdsentencesofRule6.4(a). Box 11Observationswhereunityofinventionislacking(Continuationofi tem2offirstsheet) ThisInternationalSearchingAuthorityfoundmultipleinventionsin thisinternationalapplication,asfollows: seeadditionalsheet(s) 1. As ai !requiredadditionalsearchfeesweretimelypaidbytheapplicant,th isInternationalSearchReportcoversall searchableclaims. 2.As at)searchableclaimscouldbesearchedwithouteffortjustifyingana dditionalfee,thisAuthoritydidnotinvitepayment ofanyadditionalfee. 3.Asonlysomeoftherequiredadditionalsearchfeesweretimelypaidb ytheapplicant,thisInternationalSearchReport covers onlythoseclaimsforwhichfeeswerepaid,specificallyclaimsNos.: 4.FXINorequiredadditionalsearchfeesweretimelypaidbytheapplic ant. Consequently,thisInternationalSearchReportis restrictedtotheinventionfirstmentionedintheclaims;itiscovere dbyclaimsNos.: 35,60-68 RemarkonProtestg Theadditionalsearchfeeswereaccompaniedbytheapplicant'sprotes t. u E Noprotestaccompaniedthepaymentofadditionalsearchfees. J International Application No. PCT/US 00/04066 FURTHER INFORMATION CONTINUED FROM PCT/ISA/210 1. Claims: 1-3,5-14,22-28,31,34,35 and 60-68 Emitters with a reflector, double tubular enclosure and fluid cooling 2. Claims: 37-51 and 70 Emitters with a rotatable outer housing and method for heating an object with an IR emitter having a rotatable outer housing 3. Claims: 52,53 and 56 IR emitter with a cylindrical enclosure 4. Claims: 4,29,32,33,36,54,69,71 and 72 Emitters provided with a high emissivity coating and method for heating an object with an IR emitter provided with a high emissivity coating 5. Claims: 15-21 Double wall IR emitters with support device controlling cooling fluid flow 6. Claim: 30 UV emitter 7. Claim: 55 IR emitter with a high temperature filament support 8. Claim: 57 IR emitter with a filament support wrapped in a direction opposite to that of the filament coil 9. Claim: 58 and 59 IR emitter with a coated filament support INTERNATIONALSEARCHREPORT International ApplicationNo li nation on patent family members PCT,00/04066 PatentdocumentPublication Patent family Publication citedinsearchreportdate member(s)date US5382805A17-01-1995NONE US4017758A12-04-1977NL 7405071 A 20-10-1975 AR 203418 A 08-09-1975 AU 498470 B 15-03-1979 AU 8006575 A 14-10-1976 BE 827955 A 15-10-1975 BR 7502258 A 17-02-1976 CA 1029078 A 04-04-1978 DE 2514494 A 30-10-1975 ES436575 A01-01-1977 FR 2268354 A 14-11-1975 GB 1463939 A 09-02-1977 HU 168287 B 28-03-1976 IT 1037239 B 10-11-1979 JP 999891 C 30-05-1980 JP 50138678 A 05-11-1975 JP 53046397 B 13-12-1978 SE 394052 B 31-05-1977 SE 7504207 A 17-10-1975 EP0828285A11-03-1998JP 10083797 A 31-03-1998 JP 10261384 A 29-09-1998 US 6084351 A 04-07-2000 US4870316A26-09-1989JP 1852764 C 21-06-1994 JP 5065979 B 20-09-1993 JP 63259957 A 27-10-1988 JP 63259956 A 27-10-1988 EP0509584A21-10-1992DE 69204517 D 12-10-1995 DE 69204517 T 02-05-1996 JP 5109386 A 30-04-1993 US 5252886 A 12-10-1993 EP0560420A15-09-1993DE 69303949 D 19-09-1996 DE 69303949 T 13-03-1997 JP 6005261 A 14-01-1994 US4611143A09-09-1986JP 59215654 A 05-12-1984 GB 2144841A,B13-03-1985



 
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