Nowadays the technic for the energy generation system utilizes the folowing concepts to be applied in it's development: PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMIC-The energy is show under many diferent formats and one of them is the thermic energy; being possible to transform one kind of energy into another one for each especific area, for example, the conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy, mechanical in thermal. All these processes are well studied by area physics called of thermodynamic, that leads especifically of the conversion of thermal energy in work and vice-versa. It studies the conditions to produce through production or sheat supplying.

PRINCIPLES FOR CONSERVATION OF ENERGY -It's based under the Lavoisier theory that"IN NATURE NOTHING IS CREATED AND NOTHING GETS LOST, BUT EVERYTHING GETS TRANSFORMED". This theory from thermodynamic and especially from the energy conversion area, can be announced like :"The energy is neither

created nor destroyed. We cannot lose or win energy, we can only transform it.

When we bend a wire both sides, usually its temperature increases. That happens because of the mechanical energy conversion into thermic energy. On other hand, if wew stop bending the wire, its temperature will decrease, heating though the air around it. We can conclude that the mechanical energy (the moviment of bending the wire) is transformed in heat, and this is released to the air. The heat, therefore, was obtained by the convertion of energy. Heat is a kind of energy that can move from one body to other without getting demaged. This is the proof for the principle of conservation of energy, that is to say that if in a system occurs reduction of energy, in other part of this system there will be a proportional increase of it, keeping the system in balance. It's noticeable that this energy exists in diferent patterns.

To move one body or a substance from one part of the system to another we need to provide or to remove na amount energy from the center of the system. This amount of energy that is necessary for shifting the bodies is called work.

We can verify through a simple experience what is the work needed for the production of a certain amount of heat. We can wrap up a rope around a pulley attached on a carrying axle in which we

put two shovels. At the free end of the rope we put a weight, making it fall and then measuring its displacement. This way we can tell what was the work from the weight, and after measuring the water temperature when shaked by the drop of the weight, we determine the dispensed heat in the water, that is, the work done by the movement of the shovels.

In his experience Joule could see that the weight of 1 Kg was displaced 0.427 m to provide 1 cal of water. We can relate the produced work and the heat amount consumed and vice-versa. J is the mechanical equivalent for heat, Q the heat, 5 the work, we have J = 5/Q.

It's possible to establish a equivalent relation between heat and work and that we always can converse mechanical energy in heat. This is a commom everyday theory like warm up hands through rubbing, that is, this is the result of mechanical energy released and the conversion in thermic energy (raise in temperature, that is heat). On other hand the conversion heat-work is not always possible, otherwise we would only have to rub hands. It's not possible for the heat to move espontaneously from one low temperature body to a warmer temperature body."It's not possible to obtain work from only one source of heat in a constant temperature". Therefore the second principle of thermodynamic establish the possible direction for the achievement of the conversions.

We know that a cup of tea gets cooler releasing heat into the environment, but the opposite is impossible.

Suppose an equipment in which a cylinder with gas has in its interior a shovel attached to an end of a shaft and on the other end a polly with a weight wrapped up by a rope. If we drop the weight it'll execute a work on the gas, increasing its temperature. If we wait for a while, this gas will present that same inicail temperature again. At this very moment, if we apply a certain amount of heat Q to the gas, even if we apply a lot of heat into it, the weight won't return to its inicial position, proving that the voncersion in heat is possible but the contrary is not always possible.

Through this exemples we can better understand what are thermic machines and how they work. The most known ones are: steam engine, explosion engine, oil engine, jet engine, turbine, etc.

HEAT TRANSMISSION-Heat is alwaystransfered from a warmer body to a cooler one but frequentely we hope this does not happen. For example : during winter when we put some warm chothes to avoid that our body heat does not displace to the air; or when we case the fridge with thermal insulation.

Both examples are celar that there is a tendency that bodies with a diferent temperature search for thermal equilibrium, if there's not resistace.

There are three processes to achieve this equilibrium : convection, conduction, irradiation or radiation.

HEAT TRANSMISSION BY CONVECTION-In convection the heat transfer is accomplished in presence of matter. It's the process of heat transmission that occur with gas and fluid, that is the transmission with a matter flux that exists in the gaseous and liquid state.

HEAT TRANSMISSION BY CONDUCTION-This is the heat transmission process that happens in the solid state, molecule by molecule. If we heat a spoon, in a few seconds we cannot hold the it anymore in our hands without a protection. This happens because the heat makes the spoon molecules vibrate harder, making them to collide with each other and them produce heat. The important thing here is that the heat is transfered to the molecules but the molecules are not displaced. The speed the heat'll be transfered will depend on the material used, and this will descride this material as a good or bad heat conductor.

HEAT TRANSMISSION BY IRRADIATION-Heat transfer in this process is made by electromagnetic wave and it can happens without a device, even in vacuum. The waves are invisible but the whole body in a high temperature irradiates heat and this radiation is even bigger in higher temperatures. The sun is an exemple of heat transmission.

Although it's very distant its irradiation is intense.

EFFECT OVERLAP-In an everyday base, we notice the overlap in heat transmission, for exemple : when we heat a pan with water, the heat is is effect desired, but not all the consumed energy will be seized. When the inner part of the pan is heated, it releases heat to the water. The water from the bottom of the pan warms up gettin less dense, occuring a migration of cold water to the bottom and hot water to the top, convection process.

With the right arrengements we can obtain a closed ciucuit or a open one that provides heat to a fluid in a heating chamber to generate energy, using the condenser characteristics.

The formal energy generation systems like hydroelectric and thermal power plant, dispense a big investment for the generation and distribution of electric energy, mainly when this last one has to reach far and less inhabited places.

The goal of this patent is to build a system for generating energy by a closed or an open thermal cycle, designed for the latest concepts in technology dismissing the use of convencional fuel like : cane, garbage, oil, gasoline, alcohol, etc.

The advantages of this system are: avoid the use of fuel to generate energy; it's a portable system and can be uses in many differen tasks with another autonomous system. The latest systems

depend on fuel or on big hydroelectric station, and also on a big energy power distributor.

In order to clarify what is being said here, we described the theoryand the equipment to be used for the construction of the energy generation equipment using the closed or open thermal cycle.

Follow the figures then to visualize it, and also the annexes.

Figure 1-It shows a frontal view of the evaporator.

Figure 2-It shows a frontal view of the compressor.

Figure 3-It shows a frontal view of the condenser.

Figure 4-It shows a frontal view of the expansion valve.

Figure 5-It shows a frontal view of the heat chamber.

Figure 6-It shows a frontal view of the system.

Accordinly to the illustrations the system of figure 6 is based on a process to provide or remove heat. Therefore if we get to cool down or heat up a body or the environment, we can refer to it as heat transfer. Heat cannot be destroyed but onlu transfered to other substances like water ans air.

This heat transfer is called heat flux and it'll always displace from a higher temperature substance to a lower one.

The basic system can generate a heat flux based on a steam compression consists of compressor (Fig. 2), condenser (Fig.

3), evaporator (Fig. 4); All this elements are conected by tubagem to allow the transportation of the compression fluid.

The evaporator (Fig. 1) is the one responsable for the heat removal, that is, the heat exchange between the fluid flow and the device. In order the heat exchange takes place, the fluid must be in a lower temperature than the device. There are lots of products that can be utilized as flow fluid for this exchange.

When the flow fluid goes through the evaporator (Fig. 1) it turns into the gaseous state, and it has to returno to the liquid state at the end of the evaporator.

The recovery of the fluid to the luquid state three equipments that are part of the thermal cycle are used: compressor (Fig. 2), condenser (Fig. 3), and expansion valve (Fig. 4).

When the the flow fluid gets out os the evaporator it's in the gaseous state bacause is absorbed heat during its flow, and when it gets in the evaporator it's in the liquid state. So it's imediatelly importante to make the fluid to be liquid, that is, to condense it before it gos into the compressor (Fig. 2); We just have to withdraw the amount of heat it absorbed in the evaporator. It's dificult to find substances with

temperatures lower than-40oC for the condensation process and the floe fluid work with evaporation temperature very low (-40oC). Neverthless we kow that the condensation temperature increases as we increase the pressure.

As an exemple we can check that when we raise the pressure to 14Kg/cm2 the condensation temperature changes to 35oC, remaining only to find a substance with lower temperature than 35oC to provoke the heat change.

The compression is achieved sucking in the gas from the evaporator till the condensation pressure, what garantees to the flow fluid get out of the compressor in the gaseous state, but with high temperature and pressure.

After the compression stage the floe fuild is condensed, and during this step is used an equipmente called condenser (Fig. 3).

The condenser (Fig. 3) is the component of the heat transfer process in which the flow fluid gets condensed, that is, is returns into the liquid state. The fluid condensation in its interior will only be possible in presence of another fluid, with temperature lower than the flow fluid temperature when it gets out of the compressor. Generally water or air are utilized. As in evaporation, the condensation process is also accomplished

with constant temperature and pressure. Therefore we'll have, at the end of the condenser, the flow fluid in the liquid state but in high temperature and in high pressure.

The recovery of the floe fluid is almost achieved. If we inject the liquid fluid in the evaporator the exact way it gets out of the comdenser, it'll heat the bodies that are linked to it. Thus we need make the liquid fluid present the same pressure as it had at the beggining of the cycle, which is done by the expansion valve (Fig 4).

The expansion valve (Fig. 4) must be located the nearest to the evaporator and it's responsible for the liquid expansion, that is, to change the fluid that gets out of the compressor in the liquid step from high pressure and high temperature to a low pressure and low temperature; and control the injection of fluid in the evaporator so that the evaporation is complete; and overheat the steam the gets out of the evaporator to avoid the compressor to suck in fluid during the the liquid step. This way closes the cycle for the fluid recovery.

The system (Fig. 6) uses the thermal cycle for steam production and a future energy generation or accomplishment of any kinf of work. The circuit provides heat continuously and it's made of a evaporator (Fig. 1), a compressor (Fig. 2), condenser (Fig. 3), an expansion valve (Fig. 4), a heat chamber (Fig. 5). The compressor provides energy to a

fluid the flows through the condenser (Fig. 2) giving heat to another fluid that is injected in the heat chamber (Fig. 5) in its entrance in the lower part. The fluid gets out of the chamber (Fig. 5) like steam and it's used to produce mechanical energy, electric energy or thermal energy.

The condenser (Fig. 3) will be responsible in providing heat to the flow fluid through the chamber, transfering an enough amount of energy to raise its pressure and temperature. The amount of heat Q dissipated through the condenser to the flow fluid is obtained in this step by the equation shown below (it's provided to the condenser (Fig. 3) through the compressor (Fig. 2)): Qs= mxcxT (Kcal/h) (Ffig. 1) Ql = m x L (Fig. 2) Qs-sensible heat (Kcal/h) Ql-latent heat (Kcal/8C h) -m-flowinKg/h -c-specific heat (kal/oC Kg) -L-latent heat (kcal/oC Kg) -T-temperature variation (oC) -Q = Qs+Ql Kcal/h (Fig. 3)

The energy is transfered to the fluid through the compressor (Fig. 2), that provokes in its interior the raise of the temperature and pressure and raise of the energy as a result. In the condenser (Fig. 3) the heat change is done with constante pressure and temperature, and the fluid is in the liquid state at the chamber exit. However it's in high temperature. After this change in heat, the fluid goes through an expansion valve (Fig. 4) in order to reduce the pressure and temperature to a desired level in the evaporator (Fig. 1) so the the cycle can reiniciate. There's no need to replace the fluid responsable for the change in heat. This system is different from a formal system that uses fuel burn and can have an ncome of 30-35 %.

The fluid that absorbs the heat from the condenser in the interior of the chamber will present itself in the mold of saturated steam or overheated, depending on the work pressure. When it gets out of the chamber, an equipment activated by steam will be injected for producing work that can be mechanic, thermic or to generate power. Regarding industrial processes, the saturated steam and overheated steam are used to generate power. It's possible to use the overheated steam to generate energy and together with the exhaust steam utilize it in the process.

As chart 1 shows, the a spot represents the estates in the liquid fase, in the liquid reservior. The liquid is ready to a condensation

temperature (t k) and to a dondensation pressure (p k) with enthalpy h 0.

When the liquid goes through the expansion valve, its estates change from a tog the estate b, that is, pressure changes from p k to p o (evaporation pressure) and the temperature, t k to t o (evaporation temperature). In the expansion valve, it's neither given nor taken heat from the fluid, remaining the enthalpy h o constant. The process is called isoenthalpy.

The region involved is the area of mixture-liquid + steam; the spot b in the entrance on the evaporator is a mixture os liquid and steam, that is, a small part of fluid evaporates when it goes through the expansion to valve. This represents a loss in the process because it's important that fluid evaporates in the evaporator. In execcise we try to restric this. evaporation, in the interior of the evaporator the fluid absorbs heat during evaporation. This conversion is represented by the line b-c. In spot c, that is the exit of the evaporator, the pressure and temperature are the same from b but the enthalpy h1 is bigger than h o because the fluid received heat so it could evaporate.

The transformation c-d happens in the compressor.

The temperature to goes to tov, that is, the spot d represents the overheated steam and the difference between h1 and h2 represents the heat provided to the fluido by the compressor.

In the condenser the fluid goes through the d spot to the e spot, that is, it goes from overheated steam to saturates steam, and from e to a the conversion happens, keeping constant tk and Pk ; The heat received by the fluid in the evaporator is rejected to the cutter device (water or air).

Now we get back to the spot a with thw liquid ready to go through the expansion valve and get rejected in the evaporator so the cycle can star again.

The systems describes the portion of mass to be studied and can be in two ways: closed oe open. The study os this depends on the estate its in a certain moment (estate), that is, depending on the thermodynamic variations which give characteristics the estate variations from spot to another.

Accordinly to chart 2, when the substance gets in the system it has an incresase in temperature without having change in the physical estate till it reaches the steam region, getting in this step sensible heat (qS). From this on the substance has a physical change without altering the temperature (ebulition), and it's saturated (steam + liquid), what depends on the amount of latent heat (q) received.

The amount of sensible heat and latent heat provided to a substance depends on how easy the substance can change its

temperature, that is, its specific heat. The amount of sensible heat can be obtained by equation 1 and the latent heat by equation 2.

What characterizes the beggining of latent heat is described with the saturation temperature. When working with production of steam it's necessary to know the amount of water in it and that's a function using titles (X), a relatioship between the steam mass and the total mass. A title like 0 characterizes the beggining of ebulition and a title like 1 characterizes the saturated dry steam. (title 1 is the maximum figure). The degree of moistureis obtained subtracting the title of the unity. The moisture must present it self under 12%.

Interaction between work and heat (q-w) = variation in the flux of kinetic energy, inner potential of the accumulated mass.

The variation of kinetic energy, inner potential of the accumulated mass = 0, and that in the steady state there's no mass accumulation, that is, the mass at the entrance is equal to the mass at the exit. Then we get to this: q-w = + µ1) - (p2 * Vo2 + µ2) q - w = h1 - h2 q + h2 = w + h1 (Fig. 4) (sensible heat) Sv = S L + x * S L v (latent heat)

The numbers for enthalpy (h) sensible heat and entropy (S) latent heat, can be obtained from tables when the desired temperatures and pressures are known at the beggining and at the end of each step.

When acquiring the desired pressures and temperatures, we determine the amount of energy to be provided by the system in Kcal/Kg, so we can determine the most suitable components for the desired use.