ENHANCED EFFICIENCY COUNTER-ROTATING MOTOR DRIVEN PUMPING APPARATUS, SYSTEM,

AND METHOD OF USE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application serial number 61/575,093 filed on August 15, 201 1 , incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This application is related to U.S. patent application serial number

12/584,557 filed on September 8, 2009. This application is related to U.S. patent application serial number 12/387,413 filed on May 1 , 2009. This application is related to U.S. patent application serial number 12/800,949 filed on May 26, 2010.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL

SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC

Not Applicable

NOTICE OF MATERIAL SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION

[0005] A portion of the material in this patent document is subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and of other countries. The owner of the copyright rights has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office publicly available file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The copyright owner does not hereby waive any of its rights to have this patent document maintained in secrecy, including without limitation its rights pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1 .14.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] 1 . Field of the Invention

[0007] The subject invention pertains generally to highly efficient pumping

system for transferring a liquid from one location to another. More specifically, the subject invention comprises an enhanced efficiency (higher mechanical power out to electrical power in ratio than with a standard/conventional motor) means and method for pumping a substance and includes a counter-rotating motor having first and second output shafts, wherein the first output shaft is connected to a first pump and the second output shaft is connected to a second pump, wherein during operation of the counter-rotating motor the two pumps transfer the substance (water, oil, coolant, and the like) from a first location to a second location via associated plumbing structures.

[0008] 2. Description of Related Art

[0009] Various simplistic types of counter-rotating electric motors exist in the relevant art. More sophisticated examples of both brush-containing and brushless counter-rotating electric motors are illustrated in copending patent application S/N 12/584,557 filed on September 8, 2009, which is a

continuation-in-part of copending application S/N 12/387,413 filed on May 1 , 2009 and in copending patent application S/N 12/800,949 filed on May 26, 2010.

[0010] Pumps and pumping systems have been utilized for centuries. Some of the more modern pumps are described, generally, at the Wikipedia web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump.

[0011] Applicant is aware of only a single reference to a counter-rotating motor coupled to a pump. The article "Proposition of Unique Pumping System with Counter-Rotating Mechanism" found in International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 10(4), 233-240, 2004, describes a counter-rotating motor (few details are provided as to the details of the counter-rotating motor) that has each of the exiting drive shafts running in the same direction and each is connected to a separate impeller with both impellers fitted very close to one another in a single chamber within a type of axial flow pump. The two impellers spin in opposite directions and are designed to function together as a unified structure to overcome the weak point in turbo pumps that have become unstable in the rising portion of the head characteristics and/or the cavitation occurs under the intolerably low suction head. The intimately paired-impeller counter-rotating pump is specifically intended to overcome these difficulties. It is stressed that the two impellers are immediately next to one another within a surrounded pipe and directly and immediately influence each other. The output flow characteristics of the rear impeller influences the output flow

characteristics of the front impeller, thereby limiting a rising portion of the head curve and minimizing cavitation in this particular type of axial-flow pump.

There is no implication, suggestion, teaching, hint, or direct/indirect mention that a counter-rotating motor might somehow add to the efficiency of operating a pumping apparatus or pump containing system.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] In general terms, the invention is an enhanced efficiency pumping

apparatus, and general method of use, that includes a counter-rotating motor with two oppositely rotating drive shafts with a first pump secured to the one of the drive shafts and a second pump secured to the other, oppositely rotating drive shaft.

[0013] Further aspects of the invention will be brought out in the following

portions of the specification, wherein the detailed description is for the purpose of fully disclosing preferred embodiments of the invention without placing limitations thereon.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

[0014] The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes only: [0015] FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of the subject invention showing a cross- sectional view of the subject brushless counter-rotating motor.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a view of the subject invention taken along view-line 2-2 in FIG. 1 and shows the counter-rotating armature and stator within the motor housing.

[0017] FIG. 3A shows a counter-rotating motor driving two identical pumps that uses a single intake line from the initial reservoir that is split between the two pumps and then recombined into a single output line that leads to the elevated final reservoir.

[0018] FIG. 3B shows a counter-rotating motor driving two identical pumps that uses two separate intake lines from the initial reservoir with one leading to each of the two pumps and then two separate output lines that each lead to the elevated final reservoir.

[0019] FIG. 4A shows a counter-rotating motor that has been converted into a standard motor, by locking the right-hand output shaft into a stationary position

(indicated by the "X"s over the right drive shaft and liquid tubes), that drives one pump that uses a single intake line from the initial reservoir and a single output line that leads to the elevated final reservoir.

[0020] FIG. 4B shows a counter-rotating motor that has been converted into a standard motor, by locking the right-hand output shaft into a stationary position

(indicated by the "X"s over the right drive shaft and liquid tubes), that drives one pump that uses a single intake line from the initial reservoir and a single output line that leads to the elevated final reservoir.

[0021] FIG. 5A shows a counter-rotating motor driving two identical pumps, with one pump chain-linked to its associated drive shaft, that uses two separate intake lines from the initial reservoir with one leading to each of the two pumps and then two separate output lines that each lead to the elevated final reservoir.

[0022] FIG. 5B shows a standard motor driving two identical pumps on its

single drive-shaft, with one pump chain-linked to the single drive shaft, that uses two separate intake lines from the initial reservoir with one leading to each of the two pumps and then two separate output lines that each lead to the elevated final reservoir.

[0023] FIG. 6A shows a counter-rotating motor driving two identical pumps, with one pump chain-linked to its associated drive shaft, that uses a single intake line from the initial reservoir that splits with one leading to each of the two pumps and then the two separate output lines recombine into a single line that leads to the elevated final reservoir.

[0024] FIG. 6B shows a standard motor driving two identical pumps on its single drive-shaft, with one pump chain-linked to the single drive shaft, that uses a single intake line that splits with one leading to each of the two pumps and then two separate output lines recombine into a single line that leads to the elevated final reservoir.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Generally, the subject invention employs either a brush-containing or brushless counter-rotating electric motor to power two or more pumps to transfer a substance from one location to another location. The subject invention was observed to save greater than about 19.9% (average) on electrical power consumption relative to mechanical power output.

[0026] The pumps may be of any suitable design and configuration as long as each may be attached to a drive shaft of the counter-rotating motor (the counter-rotating motor has two oppositely rotating drive shafts). Specifically, two Webster Fuel Pumps (22R-Two Stage, 3450 RPM Max, PSI = 300) were utilized in the experimental examples listed below, but these may be substituted for with equivalent pumps of any desired size and suitable characteristics.

[0027] The pumped substance may be a gas or liquid. Commonly, the liquid may be a pure substance or a mixture of materials. More commonly, the liquid is hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or amphipathic in nature. Frequently, the liquid is water, a water solution or mixture, a suspension, oil, or an oil solution/mixture, a coolant (such as Freon and the like), and like materials. For exemplary purposed only, and not by way of limitation, the exemplary substance used to illustrate the subject invention is a liquid such as a light-grade liquid motor oil.

[0028] Specifically, an exemplary brushless counter-rotating electric motor is depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. Although a brush-containing counter-rotating motor works just as well as the brushless counter-rotating motor seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, for exemplary purposes only, and not by way of limitation, a typical brushless counter-rotating motor is shown. The subject brushless counter- rotating DC/AC motor 5 includes a protective motor housing 10 that may be fabricated from any suitable material. Within the housing 10 is a separation volume 15 (a similar separation volume 16 is found within the stator 20) in which a stator or outer rotational member 20 is rotationally mounted. A stator axle or stator drive shaft 25 is attached to the stator 20. Secured to the inner lining of the stator 20 are permanent magnets 21 (equivalent electromagnets may take the place of permanent magnets and are considered to be within the realm of this disclosure). It is stressed that in this exemplary device the permanent magnets (or equivalent electromagnets) are associated with the stator or outer rotational member and the field windings are on the armature or inner rotational member, but the permanent magnets may be positioned on the armature and the field windings on the stator or, as stated, electromagnets may substitute for the permanent magnets in either location.

[0029] Mounted within the stator 20 is an armature or inner rotational member 30 that is attached to a hollow armature axle or armature drive shaft 35.

Located proximate the outer perimeter of the armature are the windings or electromagnets 31 . To permit rotation of both the armature 30 and stator 20 (counter-rotating to one another), suitable bearing assembles are included. Bearing assemblies 40 and 45 are mounted in the housing 10. Bearing assembly 40 permits the armature axle 35 to rotate within the housing 10 and bearing assembly 45 permits the stator axle 25 to rotate with the housing 10. Bearing assemblies 50 and 55 are mounted in the stator 20 and permit the armature 30 and armature axle 35 to rotate within the stator 20.

[0030] Since both the armature 30 and stator 20 are rotating in opposite directions when the brushless motor 5 is operating, it is impossible to deliver current to the windings 31 in the traditional manner. Thus, one or more insulated bearings 60 and 65 are mounted to and encircle the armature axle 35 (each one carrying a desired electric signal or current). Each bearing 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 is filled with electrically conducting grease (readily obtainable from numerous public suppliers such as: Cool-Amp Conducto-Lube Company or Engineered Conductive Materials, LLC). Each bearing 60 and 65 is electrically insulated from the armature axle 35, upon which they are mounted, by suitable cylindrical insulators 66 and 67. Additionally, bearing 60 and 65 are electrically insulated from neighboring components by suitable insulators 70, 72, and 74.

[0031] Electrical connections for the subject system comprise electrically

insulated wiring (traditional metal core and electrically insulating outer coating). Electrical power is supplied by a suitable power supply 78, now known or later developed. For a DC power supply a battery is normally utilized. For the AC power supply configuration suitable standard methods and common AC control devices for powering and operating a traditional non- counter-rotating AC motor are appropriately adapted and employed. The power supply is grounded to the housing via wire 79, as is the outside controller via wire 80. Usually, power wire 81 runs to a split point and divides into wire 82 and wire 83. Wire 83 continues from wire 81 , at the split point, to the outside speed-on/off controller 90. The outside speed-on/off controller 90 is of standard acceptable configuration for activating and inactivating the subject motor and controlling its operational speed. Power wire 82 continues from wire 81 , at the split point, through an aperture in the housing 10 and connects with the inside/internal controller 91 .

[0032] The internal controller 91 transmits and coordinates the necessary electrical power required to operate the armature windings 31 with suitably pulsed current, pulse time detection means (e.g.: methods utilizing Hall Effect sensors, back EMF techniques, and the like), and other desired operations. The internal controller 91 is illustrated as fastened to the interior surface of the housing 10, but other equivalent locations are considered to be with the realm of this disclosure, including attachment to the rotating armature 30 between the bearing 60 and 65 and the windings 31 . Various commercial supply companies sell suitable control units 91 , including: the "Brushless Motor Cruise Controller -- Programmable via PC USB port, Model BAC281 P," the "High Power Brushless Motor Controller, Model HPC100B," and several other acceptable models from the Golden Motor Company of China and doing business in the U.S. (www.goldenmotor.com/) and Max Products International, LLC (www.maxxprod.com/).

[0033] Power to the windings 31 runs via wire 92 from the internal controller 91 to electrically conducting bearing 60 and then via wire 93, connected to bearing 60 through the associated insulator 66, to the windings 31 .

Communication between the internal controller 91 and the Hall Effect sensor or sensors 96 (or the equivalent) is by wire 94 to electrically conducting bearing 65 and then via wire 95, connected to bearing 65 through the associated insulator 67, to the sensor(s) 96.

[0034] Again, each wire 93 and 95 penetrate the cylindrical insulator 66 and 67, respectively and electrically mate with the electrically conductive parts of each bearing 60 and 65, respectively. The electrically conductive grease permits free rotation of the inner portion of each bearing 60 and 65 while transmitting the electricity to the stationary outer portion of each bearing 60 and 65. The bearings 60 and 65 are electrically connected via wires 92 and 94, respectively, to the internal controller 91 .

[0035] Since FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the subject invention, the

counter-rotational nature of the subject brushless motor is better seen. The two opposing arrows (also depicted in FIG. 1 on the two axles 25 and 35) indicate the counter-rotating directions of the stator 20, with its associated magnets 21 , and the armature 30, with its associated windings 31 .

[0036] The exemplary counter-rotating electric motor pumping systems 105, with a counter-rotating motor 1 10, are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 5A, and 6A. Pumping systems with a standard motor 1 1 1 (or a counter-rotating motor with one of the two rotating members stopped by physical means and locked so that it does not rotate) are shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5B, and 6B. For exemplary purposes only, and not by way of limitation, a low-viscosity motor oil (any liquid) was placed into a lower/initial reservoir IR and connected by equal- diameter plastic tubing L (serving as the various lines or plumbing pipes) and appropriate couplers, Y-joints, and the like to and from the pumps 1 15 and 120. The output line or lines L were then directed to the elevated/final reservoir FR that was placed 12 feet above the initial/lower IR reservoir (the elevation distance of the final reservoir FR over the initial reservoir IR is not critical and was selected for the sake of convenience). As can be seen in the Examples below, since the first rotational/rotating member (armature or stator) and second rotational/rotating member (stator or armature) can influence each other's RPM values (a type of internal transmission function), depending on the loads associated with each one, one and two-line L input and output experiments were conducted to see if the pressure in one line L, as opposed to two lines L, might influence the rotational rates of the two oppositely rotating motor members. As is seen from the data collected below, there was, virtually, no difference between pumping situations that involved one incoming and exiting line L compare with two incoming and exiting lines L.

[0037] It is noted that since the output shafts of the counter-rotating motor 1 10 rotate in opposite directions, the impellers on the two pumps 1 15 and 120 are selected so that the liquid that is transferred through each pump 1 15 and 120 still moves in the same direction.

[0038] Additionally, when the counter-rotating motor 1 10 is operating it drives two pumps 1 15 and 120 at once and when the standard motor is operating in a normal/traditional pumping system it drives only one pump. Therefore, to be as fair as possible in the energy efficiency comparison tests between the counter-rotating motor and the standard motor, tests were conducted by running two pumps 1 15 and 120 on both the counter-rotating motor 1 10 and the standard motor 1 1 1 in which one of the pumps 120 is connected by a chain-linked 125 system. Even in this study the counter rotating motor 1 10 ran with approximately a 19% increase in efficiency over the standard motor.

Basically, increased/enhanced energy efficiency means that for the counter- rotating motor containing system, there is less electrical power input required to create an equivalent mechanical power output, relative to a traditional motor with only a single rotating/rotational member.

[0039] EXAMPLES

[0040] Several pumping configurations were assembled to test and verify the enhanced efficiency of the subject invention that employs the counter-rotating motor 1 10 with at least two pumps 1 15 and 120, one secured to each oppositely rotating drive shaft. A counter-rotating motor 1 10 was mounted to a support platform and two identical liquid oil pumps 1 15 and 120 (Webster Fuel Pump, 22R-Two Stage, 3450 RPM Max, PSI = 300) were connected in various combinations to the two output drives of the exemplary counter-rotating motor 1 10. Low-viscosity motor oil (liquid) was placed in a lower/initial reservoir IR and was pumped via associated identical diameter segments of tubing L and fittings to an upper/final reservoir FR placed 12 feet above the lower reservoir. Each experimental run (five trials for each of the various pump configurations) was used to determine the time necessary to pump 2 gallons of liquid from the lower reservoir IR to the upper reservoir FR. Gal/min for each trial run was calculated and then gal/min-watt determined. Each trial run was conducted at a constant 12 volts and the input current determined.

[0041] Since the counter-rotating motor 1 10 has two oppositely spinning output drive shafts the load (pumping of the oil) on one drive shaft could influence the operational characteristics of the other drive shaft via the electro-magnetic coupling within the motor itself as the first and second rotating members spin next to each other. Thus, the experiments were run with either completely separate tubing L to and from each pump or joint plumping (as clearly depicted in the various figures).

[0042] Tables # 1 (FIG. 4A) and #2 (FIG. 3A) show the test results conducted for a standard motor 1 1 1 and counter-rotating motor 1 10, respectfully. A single input and output oil line L that is split and rejoined after each pump is used. [0043] Tables # 3 (FIG. 4B) and #4 (FIG. 3B) show the test results conducted for a standard motor 1 1 1 and counter-rotating motor 1 10, respectfully. Two separate input and output oil lines L are used.

[0044] Tables # 5 (FIG. 5B) and #6 (FIG. 5A) show the test results conducted for a standard motor 1 1 1 and counter-rotating motor 1 10, respectfully. Two separate input and output oil lines L are used and the second pump 120 is chain-linked 125 to the drive shaft.

[0045] Tables #7 (FIG. 6B) and #8 (FIG. 6A) show the test results conducted for a standard motor 1 1 1 and counter-rotating motor 1 10, respectfully. A single input and output oil line L that is split and rejoined after each pump is used and the second pump 120 is chain-linked 125 to the drive shaft.

[0046] Table #9 presents the % efficiency increase of the counter-rotating

motor 1 10 pumping system 105 over the standard motor 1 1 1 pumping system. Each % increased efficiency value is calculated by taking the standard motor average gal/min-watt number, dividing by the counter-rotating motor average gal/min-watt number, and multiplying by 100. Clearly, the counter-rotating motor 1 10 pumping system 105 is much more efficient than equivalent configurations that utilize a standard motor 1 1 1 . The chain-linked 125 second pump 120 value efficiency values (+21 .3% and +17.7%) for the counter- rotating motor 1 10 containing-system 105 are most likely low values since significant vibration was noted in this chain-linked 125 configuration due to the end of the drive shafts that were chain-linked to the second pump were not provided with additional stability (stabilizing end bearings). The added vibration most likely caused additional friction that lowered the counter-rotating motor driven efficiencies to the observed +21 .3% and +17.7% levels. Further, the counter-rotating motor driven systems % efficiency increases were most likely lowered by having the pump operating at lower RPM values than would be used for its peak efficiency. The standard motor with one drive shaft operates at approximately twice the RPMs as each of the oppositely rotating drive shafts on the counter-rotating motor driven system.

[0047] Thus, as is plainly seen in Table #9, the counter-rotating motor pumping apparatus and system is more efficient than a pumping apparatus and system that contains a standard motor by from about +19.5% (average) to about +60.6% (average), depending on the exact standard reference that is utilized. Whichever number is selected, the subject counter-rotating motor pumping system is much more efficient in energy/power usage (higher mechanical power output relative to electrical power input) than a pumping system that uses a standard motor.

[0048] A plurality of embodiments is considered to be within the realm of this discloser, including an enhanced efficiency pumping apparatus, comprising: a counter-rotating motor having first and second oppositely rotating mechanical output means; a first pump secured to the first mechanical output means; and a second pump secured to the second mechanical output means.

[0049] Further, disclosed is an enhanced efficiency pumping apparatus,

comprising: a counter-rotating motor having first and second oppositely rotating drive shafts; a first pump secured to the first drive shaft; and a second pump secured to the second drive shaft.

[0050] Additionally, presented is an enhanced efficiency pumping system for transporting a substance from a first location to a second location, comprising: a counter-rotating electric motor having oppositely rotating first and second mechanical output means or drive shafts; a first pump secured to the first mechanical output means or drive shaft; and a second pump secured to the second mechanical output means or drive shaft.

[0051] Also, described is a method of enhancing the efficiency of a pump

containing system; comprising the steps: installing a counter-rotating electric motor into the system, wherein the counter-rotating electric motor has oppositely rotating first and second mechanical output means or drive shafts; connecting a first pump to the first mechanical output means or drive shaft; connection a second pump to the second mechanical output means or drive shaft; and utilizing the counter-rotating motor containing pumping system to transport a substance from a first location to a second location.

[0052] Further, for use with an electric motor-containing system, a method is disclosed for increasing power efficiency of the system by decreasing an amount of electrical power input required for producing an amount of mechanical power output that comprises utilizing a counter-rotating motor with inner and outer rotational members in the system in place of a standard motor with only one rotational member.

[0053] From the discussion above it will be appreciated that the invention can be embodied in various ways, including the following:

[0054] 1 . An enhanced efficiency pumping apparatus, comprising: a counter- rotating motor having first and second oppositely rotating mechanical output means; a first pump secured to said first mechanical output means; and a second pump secured to said second mechanical output means.

[0055] 2. An enhanced efficiency pumping apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein said first and second mechanical output means comprise first and second oppositely rotating drive shafts.

[0056] 3. An enhanced efficiency pumping system for transporting a

substance from a first location to a second location, comprising: a counter- rotating electric motor having oppositely rotating first and second mechanical output means; a first pump secured to said first mechanical output means; and a second pump secured to said second mechanical output means.

[0057] 4. An enhanced efficiency pumping system according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein said first and second mechanical output means comprise first and second oppositely rotating drive shafts.

[0058] 5. A method of enhancing the efficiency of a pump containing system; comprising the steps: installing a counter-rotating electric motor into the system, wherein said counter-rotating electric motor has oppositely rotating first and second mechanical output means; connecting a first pump to said first mechanical output means; connection a second pump to said second mechanical output means; and utilizing said counter-rotating motor containing pumping system to transport a substance from a first location to a second location.

[0059] 6. A method of enhancing the efficiency of a pump containing system according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein said first and second mechanical output means are first and second oppositely rotating drive shafts.

[0060] 7. For use with an electric motor-containing system, a method for

increasing power efficiency of the system by decreasing an amount of electrical power input required for producing an amount of mechanical power output, comprising utilizing a counter-rotating motor with inner and outer rotational members in the system in place of a standard motor with only one rotational member.

[0061] Although the description above contains many details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more." All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present invention, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 1 12, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for." TABLE #1-PUMP RESULTS ON SINGLE LINE FOR STANDARD MOTOR (FIG. 4A). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #2-PUMP RESULTS ON SINGLE LINE FOR COUNTER-ROTATING

MOTOR (FIG. 3A). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES

WERE THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #3-PUMP RESULTS ON TWO LINES FOR STANDARD MOTOR (FIG. 4B). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #4-PUMP RESULTS ON TWO LINES FOR COUNTER-ROTATING MOTOR (FIG. 3B). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES

WERE THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #5-PUMP RESULTS ON TWO LINES FOR STANDARD MOTOR WITH TWO PUMPS HAVING CHAIN-LINKED SECOND PUMP (FIG. 5B).

ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #6-PUMP RESULTS ON TWO LINES FOR COUNTER-ROTATING

MOTOR WITH TWO PUMPS HAVING CHAIN-LINKED SECOND PUMP (FIG. 5A). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #7-PUMP RESULTS ON ONE LINE FOR STANDARD MOTOR WITH TWO PUMPS HAVING CHAIN-LINKED SECOND PUMP (FIG. 6B).

ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #8-PUMP RESULTS ON ONE LINE FOR COUNTER-ROTATING MOTOR WITH TWO PUMPS HAVING CHAIN-LINKED SECOND PUMP (FIG. 6A). ALL TESTS DONE BY PUMPING TWO GALLONS OF OIL TO A 12' ELEVATION WITH A 24 VOLT BATTERY (ORIGINAL MOTOR RATED AT 900 WATTS). BOTH PUMPS WERE IDENTICAL AND ALL LINES WERE

THE SAME DIAMETER.

TABLE #9 -% EFFICIENCY INCREASES OF COUNTER-ROTATING MOTOR PUMPING OVER STANDARD MOTOR PUMPING.