"ENHANCEMENTS INCORPORATED TO THE MICRO-CONTROLLED AND REMOTE ACTIVATED ELECTRONIC SHOWERHEAD".

TECH NICAL ASPECTS The present invention features an electronic showerhead regulated by two micro-controllers, one located at the heating unit or the showerhead, and the other on the control console located inside the bath area close to the water tap(s) . The communication between both micro-controllers is done through an infrared system . Because it is a micro-controlled system, the system manager is able to control several functions of the bath : maximu m time, temperature, capacity and allowable power.

The System Manager (user, family's head or hotel, hospital administration officer for instance) establishes the settings for the electronic showerhead .

The system also provides other information such as date, time, bath duration the cost of each bath in local currency ambient and' bath temperature, and alarm clock. These, among other functions, enable a more rational use of the showerhead when compared to other available systems. In addition to the enhanced technological features and ease of use, the system saves not only you r money but also our natural resources.

TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES Brazil has undergone severe electric power shortages punctuated by two major "blackouts" in several regions of the country. These power shortages have influenced the change of peoples'

behavior, mainly in the South and South East Regions of Brazil . People started to worry about saving electric power and the interest in alternative solutions has grown steadily. Due to constant and increasing demand for electricity, the Country is on the brink of new blackouts. As Industry and Population numbers grow, the demand for electricity also grows. There has been much investment in new power plants, yet all these new power plants require natural resources, which are becoming in scarce supply. In Brazil, for example, electric power demand is higher than the generation and supply capacity.

During the day the greatest risk of blackouts lies during the period between 07 : 00PM to 09 : 00PM . There has been much effort to decrease power consumption during this period . Summertime daylight savings programs for instance, spare 3% of consumption . Although it may seem little, these 3% can prevent another major blackout.

The table below represents the typical consumption curve of electric power in Brazil during the 24 hours of a regular working week:

Regarding the specific matter of this patent request, it is widely known that the device most used in Brazil to heat bathing water is the Electric Showerhead. This device heats the water as it is used, with nominal capacity of 2kW to 7kW. There is yet a clear trend to increase this capacity.

Even though electric showerheads are not expensive, these heating devices ultimately aggressively impact water and electricity bills. This onus multiplied to cities, states and the country is not paid only by the user but by the whole population. Due to consumption abuses, the country has to increase investments in water and electricity generation, breaking the fragile ecological balance that affects the World as one.

For these and other reasons, power supply companies are most interested in ways to reduce consumption generated by the electric showerheads as they are the electric devices turned ON at the most risky period of time for blackouts (07:00 to 09: 00PM).

In general, reducing the water heating level and enhancing its efficiency can save electricity. For instance, systems running on heat pumps are more efficient than ones featuring boilers. Nevertheless, such systems require large accumulator and heat- exchange units making them not cost-effective.

Another way to reduce the water heating level is by installing a power controller in the electric showerhead, enabling the user to select the appropriate electric capacity for several water supply ratings. Currently, most electric showerheads feature three fixed capacity options: no power, full capacity or 50% capacity. In this system, user controls the bath temperature by opening up or closing

down the water tap, an action that results, most of the time, in wasting heated water.

Some electronic showerheads and douches have been developed to optimize the relationship between Consumption and Cost Savings, which is the case of the electronic showerhead (PI 8905688), where an electro-electronic circuit controls the dissipated power. This circuit exchanges the heat in the showerhead, which also provides an electronic sensor for water flow. The temperature is controlled by a wireless and remote infrared system. The patent documentation on the above- mentioned device (PI 8905688), in spite of the concern for the excessive consumption of power does not present an adequate technological solution that can be widely used.

Another Brazilian patent (PI0206177-5) features a system that controls the duration time of baths, and is composed of an electric circuit connected to a countdown timer. This system also has a disconnect switch which activates or deactivates the circuit and accompanied by a sound alarm. The whole system is connected to a hydraulic valve that allows or prevents the water flow to the showerhead.

The patent document associates the timer with the water blockage component that may penalize users by stopping the water flow. This fact might impair the commercial attractiveness of such a product. Several other similar products are known featuring the same solution, associating a timer circuit to an electromechanical valve to stop water flow. Other devices provide infrared or

other types of communication systems, enabling device ON/OFF, and controlling water temperature via potentiometers or similar components.

Electronic showerheads providing advanced features to control temperature and consumption are most of the time quite expensive and not accessible to most consumers who choose inexpensive ones. There again, we will have the same scenario of high electric power consumption and water wastage.

Studies aimed at the reduction of power consumption, done mainly in the 70s (period of a worldwide power shortage), resulted in the development of a program called "Management of Power Consumption at the Consumer's End" (GLD - in Portuguese Language and for short). Contractor companies have used this program for different purposes.

According to Delgado ( 1985), every company looks at the GLD Program under its particular lens, stating also that the alternatives created by GLD Program are merely deliberated interventions of companies in the electric power market.

Limaye (1958) states that a GLD Program ("Management of Power Consumption at the Consumer's End") involves planning, analyzing and implementation of actions as to stimulate consumers tp change their consumption behavior. The implementation of these alternatives can result in an efficient use of the electric power with reduction of costs to contractors and consumers. In addition, Limaye says the application and techniques of a GLD Program ("Management of Power Consumption at the Consumer's End") urge a partnership among companies and consumers to search for mutual benefits.

Hirst and Reed ( 1991 ) state the GLD Programs are the responsibility of contractor companies; government or institutions encouraging consumers to implement technologies, prod ucts and services by focusing on power supply efficiency. Ultimately, a GLD Program ("Management of

Power Consumption at the Consu mer's End") can be understood as a program that affects consumers' behavior leading to a more efficient use of the electric power.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

At present, there is a tendency to create management programs applied to products, which enable users to save water and electricity, contributing to the rational use of water a nd electricity. To meet this need, the applicant has developed this micro-control led electronic showerhead . The Electronic Showerhead featu res advanced technologies for saving electricity and water by reeducating consumers and implementing rational use of natural resources. The Electronic Showerhead features a heating mod ule and a control console module. Embedded electronic microcontrollers are installed in the heating module and console control and communicate with each other through infrared photo-transmitters and photo-receivers or other remote means. The communication between units provides an easy-to-use interface and enables a wide range of settings. The Electronic Showerhead can be installed on water and electricity supply lines currently available; and also to any electric,

central heating or hybrid (electric/central heating) systems. The Electronic Showerhead system can be activated by password or voice command.

The Electronic Showerhead, by incorporating numerous electro-electronic resources and solutions, strictly controls maximum bath time and temperature; capacity and power consumption. This achieves the goal of saving water and energy.

The presence sensor incorporated in the

Electronic Showerhead, for example, allows water flow only if the user is detected in the bath area. The presence sensor, located inside the control console, thus avoids water and power waste. The Electronic

Showerhead also features the "Guardian" function which will turn off the showerhead if the user leaves the bath area (and sensor detection area) for a determined period of time while trying to find soap, or shaving cream.

Other functions incorporated are, display of: date, time, alarm clock (including "Nap" function), "Reminder" function for specific qvents (special dates, anniversaries, etc.); duration time of bath and cost in the currency selected. You still have the "Score", "SOS", "Help", "Special Shower" functions and others.

These all together make the Electronic

Showerhead an innovative product, ideal to promote not only cost savings but also sparing our natural resources.

The two micro-controllers in the system can communicate to each other via infrared or other wave means. For such communication between heating module and control console you need an identification code (CID), which is defined as a binary code with

millions of different combinations and specified by the match Heating Module & Control Console. This code is set at factory but can be changed upon req uest. Use of the heating unit with a control console of different identification code (CID) is not possible. The identification code (CID) is always located on the control console.

At the initial configuration, the control console informs the identification code (CID) to the heating module that memorizes it and uses for future reference. Any change to this code requires the attention of a qualified technician to register the identification code (CID) into the electronic showerhead by specific prog ramming .

Among important enhancements presented in this patent application ; one relates to the electric activation mechanism in the showerhead, which actuates only when the showerhead cham ber is pressu rized . This pressurization actuates the electric contacts, located at the head section of the showerhead chamber, telling the system there is water supply and closing the contacts that energize the showerhead . After a preset time "t", electric power is allowed to pass to the electric resistances. By doing so, the premature wea r of metal contacts is avoided as the voltage arch produced during opening or closi ng of contacts is prevented . The same sequential opening up of contacts occurs during the turn-off stage, or at the depressurization of the showerhead chamber. The pressurization system of the showerhead chamber used to actuate the electric contacts also features the additional advantage of avoiding "electric noise" - a fact that within

certain parameters can interfere in other electric devices located close to the showerhead .

Another enhanced feature of the Electronic

Showerhead is the mechanism for concentration and heating of water. Composed of several correlated components, it makes up a "labyrinth" for the water passage, optimizing the heat exchange as heat losses happen only within the showerhead . This way you use less energy to heat the water and increase the life of electric resistances as well as the performance of the heating process. Main features of the Electronic Showerhead are :

1- Micro-controlled Intelligence;

2- Activation, management and programming through digital password or voice command;

3- Automatic mechanism preventing the opening up or closing down of high current energized contacts enhancing the system life;

4- Electronic control of power/temperature featuring a circuit for elimination of electric noise caused by the switching of Triac component in the CA line through the use of "Zero Crossing" technique;

5- Adjustable controls of Time, Temperature, and Power including time intervals for different temperature of water in the same shower;

6- Programming protected by password for changes in settings of time, temperature and power;

7- Temperature sensor for ambient temperature within the showerhead responsible to inform the system what is the best water temperature for next shower. The system allows the showerhead when activated to automatically adjust the best power and temperature according to last temperature rating stored in the memory;

8- Collection and storage of data for future reference, leading users to a rational use of water and electricity. Data stored will be transferred through "download" and "upload" procedures;

9- Presence sensor circuit (to control the blockage and release of water flow and implement the "saving" and "guardian" functions) ;

10- Functions : clock, alarm clock, agenda (week and specific), emergency, "explanation" (information displayed on the console panel); "alternate shower" (warm and cold, useful in medical clinics) ;

11- Serial Infrared Adapter (AIS - in Portuguese language and for short), enables the communication of control console to a personal computer (PC) for "download" and "upload" procedures. This option allows the incorporation of other control, saving and monitoring features to your Electronic Showerhead;

12- Proprietor Protocol TSARP to control communication among : showerhead, console, AIS - serial adapter, data collector and

Concentrator/Repeater. This protocol controls the access to devices, enhancing the efficiency and use of communication channel while transferring data.

13- User Safety against electric hazard; the switching is done on the console not on the showerhead, isolating by complete the user from energized components;

14- Billing function for hotels, sport clubs, gyms and others. The billing function can be programmed to be done directly or via communication between the console and a data collector which will transfer the readings to a PC assigned to receive, organize and bill the showers according to parameters preset (time and/or temperature; temperature and/or power) issuing graphics and reports;

15- "Douche" shower;

16- Remote adjust function, when installed together with other devices on the same .network;

17- "Ramp on" and "Ramp off" features, decrease surge/drop conditions of tension in the supply electric line reducing the consequent variation in the system circuit;

18- Detachable filter, installed at the water inlet in the showerhead, protects the hydraulic circuit against impurities or solids in the incoming water. 19- Ideal for use by energy and water contractors aiming the reduction of consumption of these goods at "peak time", mainly electric power;

20- "Score" function, sends congratulations or warning messages to users after completion of showers, enables the insertion of the name of best score user in the control console display. Ex. g. ; for competition in a family home composed of 5 people, the best score user is awarded a prize at the end of the month. The "Score" function adds and subtracts points to the user's score according to his/her use of water and electricity.

21- Penalty function - for users exceeding set parameters of time, power, etc. This function enables two additional and programmable extra times, these extra times allowed can be tied to a maximum number of showers;

22- "Bathing Area" defined by the presence sensor, puts the showerhead in standby condition with no water flow anytime the user is out of detection range of sensor, avoiding thus the waste of water and electricity;

23- Two models available: "home" and "hotel" Electronic ShowerheadS;

24- "Hotel" model incorporates a data collector and a data concentrator/repeater which will be discussed later; 25- The showerhead body is divided into two distinct parties, and separated by a plastic interface molded in the showerhead body. These parties are called "dry party" and "wet party". The "dry party" is located at the upper section of showerhead and contains all electronic circuitry responsible for control and operation of system. The "wet party" is located in the lower section of showerhead and contains the heating unit or resistances 1 and 2. The "dry party" is sealed and can be opened only by authorized technician using a special tool. The "wet party" allows access for maintenance or repair, replacement of resistances, filter and battery. 26- The Electronic Showerhead stores data of showers and make them available for download. These data are stored in specific registers called Shower Data Register (RDB - in Portuguese language and for short). Data in the RDB register can be displayed in tables or graphs through the use of software further detailed in this document. 27- The "Adaptation Program" included in the User Manual aims: a) To draw the attention of user as to regard the Electronic Showerhead as an efficient tool to reduce the consumption of water and electricity; b) To help in the reeducation of users concerning their shower habits. This step-by-step program is divided in 10 phases, each with the duration of a week, suggesting simple and efficient measures to control costs associated to daily shower.

Other devices can be incorporated to the present electronic showerhead. As an example, several optional systems such as the Chromo-therapy Application, which consists in, the use of high emission LEDs or optical fibers placed at appropriated location on the shower body, and being controlled by the Control Console Module. Or yet, built-in reservoirs for dispensing bath oils, chosen during the bath, and in accordance with Aromatherapy principles. In addition, these same dispensing reservoirs may be filled up with shampoos, shower creams and soaps and be manual or automatically dispensed through remote commands making it easier and more comfortable your bath.

As extensively proved, there are numerous advantages in the use of the Electronic Showerhead. Utilization of the technological features presented here turns our daily shower in a pleasant activity - with optimized and customized temperature and time, into an ecological and cost-effective way of using our natural resources. The micro-controlled smart programming implemented on the electronic showerhead enables programming baths for maximized use of water and energy.

The possibility of taking therapeutic baths by cycling time intervals and temperatures (warm and cold) according to medical prescription is another practical and interesting function provided by the Electronic Showerhead.

In addition to the above-mentioned benefits, the use of the Electronic Showerhead turns a regular water-heating device into a smart household appliance. Comfort and practicality are enhanced beyond a simple bathing operation while remaining consistent with the GLD program for efficiency in the consumption of electric power.

DESCRIPTION OF TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

Drawings presented below complement this description, helping the reader better understand the features of the present invention :

Figure 1 shows two block diagrams of the system, illustrating "hotel" (IH) and "home" ( IR) versions;

Figure IA represents components integrating the Electronic Shower "Home" plus showerhead, console and AIS (serial infrared adapter) .

Figure I B represents components of the

Electronic Shower "Hotel" including heating unit, control console, data collector, and data concentrator/repeater. Figure 1C represents the housing for pipe, electric wiring and manual douche.

Figure I D shows a side view of pipe and assembled housing.

Figure IE presents overhead and side views of a bathroom indicating the "bathing area" or detection range of the presence sensor.

Figure 2 shows side view of the heating unit assembled, all components are identified.

Figure 3 represents a side view of the heating unit guiding the water flow to the sieve; manual and central douches are closed.

Figure 4 shows a side view of the heating unit

with water flowing through the manual douche;

Figure 5 represents a side view of water flowing through central douche;

Figure 6 represents an explosion view of the heating unit.

Figures 7, 7A, 7B and 7C illustrate in details the deviation valve and inner components of heating unit.

Figure 8 shows a block diagram for assembling the printed circuit board of heating unit; high current circuit is also shown .

Figures 9, 9A and 9B are front, back and side views of the control console;

Figure 9C represents a block diagram for assembling the printed circuit board for the control console. Figure 9D represents a block diagram for assembling the printed circuit board of the "data concentrator/repeater" used in electronic shower "hotel" version.

Figure 9E shows a block diagram for assembling the printed circuit board of "data collector" used in the electronic shower "hotel".

Figure 9F illustrates a block diagram for assembling the printed circuit board of the serial infrared adapter (AIS) .

Figures 10 and 1OA represent the linear flow diagram of functions in the heating unit. Figures 11, HA, HB, HC and HD, illustrate the linear flow diagram of functions in the micro-controlled control console.

Figure 12 represents control operations of

shower by the control console.

Figure 12A shows the block diagram of functions in the MENU .

Figures 12B to 12J show block diag ram of functions for each operation mode in the MENU .

Figures 13 and 13A illustrate the linear flow diagram of database of electronic showerhead "home" version to be transferred to the PC.

Figure 14 shows the linear flow diagram of functions of micro-controller for the serial infrared adapter (AIS).

Figure 15 shows the linear flow diag ram of functions of Data Collector Micro-controller ("hotel" version) .

Figure 16 shows the linear flow diagram of Data Concentrator/Repeater Micro-Controller ("hotel" version). Figure 17 illustrates the linear flow diag ram of prog ramming functions applied to the Electronic Shower "Hotel" which will work in conjunction with the admin istration software installed on the Hotel PC.

Figures 18 & 19 illustrate functions related to stages "Guardian- 15M" and "Guardian- 1 H" when in effect.

Figures 20 & 21 illustrate flow diagrams of "Pre- Guardian" and "Guardian-15M" stages.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring to drawings presented above, the current invention deals with "ENHANCEMENTS INCORPORATED TO THE MICRO-CONTROLLED AN D REMOTE ACTIVATED ELECTRONIC

SHOWERHEAD." The device is an electronic showerhead (1) (please refer to figure 1) incorporating a heating unit (2), installed in the electric and water supply lines, which features a micro-controller (A). The system also incorporates a control console module (3) and another micro- controller. This control console is installed in the bathroom close to the water tap(s) or other convenient location. Micro-controllers A & B communicate by photo-transceptors using infrared light or other available remote technology. They build up communication interfaces, allowing the flow of data from the heating unit (2), controlling and monitoring at the same time the most important shower conditions: maximum time, temperature, tension, capacity and power allowed. These settings may be configured by the system manager (user, administration officer or even a program provided by the manufacturer) .

The control console (3) provides interaction with user through : display (D) (refer to figure 2), keyboard (T), voice command system (VOICER), voice synthesizer, presence sensor and "buzzer." The console provides information on date, time, ambient temperature, shower duration timer. The display (D), besides detecting the user in the "bathing area" (figure IE), further explained; informs this condition by issuing a beep generated by the "buzzer." At the end of the shower, the display will also inform the cost of the shower (in the currency selected), power consumption in KWh along with other information.

The Electronic Shower "Home" version is easy to use; through the control console user can manage showers of the whole family while controlling the consumption of water and electricity. The Electronic Shower "Hotel" version provides a larger number of

management functions and two electronic devices, one for reading and the other for transferring data of showers at hotels, hospitals, hostels, bus stations, airport, sport clubs, gyms, etc. The Electronic Showerhead "hotel" version ( IH) can also locally or remotely monitor, control and bill showers.

The electronic showerhead ( 1) provides a heating unit (2) for heating and dispersion of water, controlling the temperature according to the programming configured in the control console (3).

Water enters the housing of the heating unit (2) through the inlet connector (4) and actuates the micro-controlled system (A), located at the electronic circuitry (MLA), and by means of the water sensor (SA) which is an electronic circuit externally installed in the heating unit, preferably in the upper section .

Connector (4) features a free end with external threads (4a) for coupling the central pipe (6a). The passage duct (6) is divided in three sections : central section (6a) which is a parallel duct for water passage; upper section (6b) with the shape of longitudinal channels for the wiring (F) and lower section (6c) a longitudinal channel for the hose (M) of the manual douche (7). This pipe work can be extrusion constructed or manufactured in at least two sections to be assembled . These two sections would comprise the lower duct (for hose) the central duct (for water) besides the upper housing (for the wiring). The cover plate completes the assembly.

The free end of the pipe (6) is coupled to the finish cover (PLA) . This cover comprises section (PLAl), which completely covers the outer side of pipe. Section (PLA2) is appropriately designed to house the hose (M), avoiding unnecessary wear-and-tear.

Inlet connector (4) in the heating unit (2) is specially designed in the shape of a d uct with external th reads (4a) for water entrance pu rposes. This duct enters into the cylinder section (4b), where Triacs (TRl & TR2) are oppositely located . Triacs (TRl & TR2) in the power mod ules ( MPl & M P2) assist the control of power to the electric resistances ( Rl &R 2) previously programmed on the control console (3 ) . User can easily remove filter (FL) in section (4b) for cleaning and maintenance purposes; its main objective is to filter impurities that might come with the water supply. Section (4c) of connector (4) comprises the inlet

(4d) for the housing (4e) of the solenoid valve (8) and related water blockage valve (VBA) in addition to a passage duct for water (4f) . This duct is connected to the pressurization chamber (CPZ) located at the shower body (5) through the access orifice (4g) . The shower body (5) features an upper orifice

(5a) where the diaphragm (9) is located ; and which is cou pled to head section ( 10), sealing the pressurization chamber (CPZ) .

The head section ( 10) incorporates th ree contacts constituting the water sensor (SA) . The two lower contacts are mounted one above other and in parallel ; they are flexible blades (for spring effect) and connected to the high current electric wiring ( F) . The third contact is also mounted in parallel and over the lower contacts, attached to the head section and wired to the printed circuit board of the electronic circuitry (M LA) . As water enters the pressurization chamber

(CPZ), the diaphragm (9) is forced and moves upward, activating the lower electric contacts which - united and forced by the sequence of

diaphragm movement - contact the third and upper contact thus completing the contacting sequence. The water sensor (SA) in turn, informs the logic control module (MLA) of printed circuit board (PCI-I ) that the heating unit is ready to start operation . When pressurization chamber (CPZ) is depressurized or when water tap is closed, water stops flowing to the shower body (5) returning diaphragm to its original location . This movement, in fractions of a second, separates the two lower and united contacts (CAF) from upper contact (SA) and then the two lower contacts from each other.

This innovative arrangement of electric contacts does not allow the generation of voltage "arches" within the pressurization, as power is allowed to contacts only after upper contact is actuated . The same happens when depressurizing, considering power supply to high current contacts is interrupted by the opening up of the low current contact (SA) .

Within the pressurization chamber (CPZ) there is a cone cup ( 11 ) enclosed (from underneath) by a wall ( l la) featuring a protruding side skirt (l i b) which peripheral edge ( l ie) is sealed against the inner and lower edge of the shower body (5) by means of coupling, threads and an "O" ring (12).

A centrally protruding and ascending inverted tubular section ( He) is enclosed (from above) by a wall ( Hf) which couples the sieve (13) to the shower body (5), from the lower wall

(l la). Two converging ducts (Hg) maintain the water level and supply to electric resistances Rl & R2.

Closing the cone cup ( 11 ) over the coil ( 15) defines the confinement and water-heating chamber (CQ) . This creates a mandatory path for the water circulating with in the shower (defined as the "heating labyrinth"). Deviation valve (14) is mounted inside the tubular section ( l ie) and deviates heated water from confinement and water-heating chamber (CQ) to the sieve ( 13) or to the manual douche. As an option, water ca n also be deviated to the central douche ( DC), explained further.

The coil ( 15) is shaped into several annular and spiral housings which incorporate the electric resistances (Rl & R2 ) .

The coil ( 15) is enclosed (from above) by the upper wall ( 15a ), which incorporates a sealing collar ( 15b) located underneath the diaphragm (9) . This collar has an opening ( 15c) for the entrance of pressurized water into the pressurization chamber (CPZ) and actuation of diaphragm (9) and its related electric contacts for the water sensor (SA) . On the opposite side of the opening ( 15c), the wall ( 15a ) features a slot (15d) for draining the water that will contact the resistances (Rl & R2) by sinking through the confinement chamber (CQ) . At the lower section of the coil wall ( 15) there is at least one outlet orifice ( 15e) th rough which the heated water reaches the interior of the cone cup ( 11 ), from where the water flows out.

The sidewall of the cone cup ( 11) is slightly conic as to allow sealing the cup and coil ( 15) constituting a passage labyrinth for the water flowing to the electric resistance (Rl ) e (R2) . Aligned with the outlet orifice ( 15f) is the temperature sensor (ST), responsible for checking the exact temperature of water leaving the confinement chamber (CQ) . This

information is sent to the logic control (MLA) of the heating module (2).

The construction of the pressurization chamber

(CPZ) composed of shower body (5), cup (11) and coil (15) forces the cold water entering the shower body (5) through orifice (4e) to fill it up; reach upper opening (15c); and push the diaphragm (9) that actuates the electric contacts of water sensor (SA). This sensor informs the logic control (MLA) so power modules (MPs) can energize the electric resistances (Rl & R2). After this stage, water reaches the slot (15d) of coil (15) flowing to the labyrinth where electric resistances are located. At the end of this labyrinth, heated water flows through orifice (15e) filling up the center of cup (11), draining through converging ducts (llg) of the tubular section, and finally reaching the deviation valve (14).

This confinement and heating arrangement (CQ) configures a passage labyrinth for the water, optimizing the heat exchange as its design does not allow cold water entering the heating module to mix with water being heated by the electric resistances (Rl & R2). As there is an external wall (11) separating them, life of resistances is preserved and there is less consumption of energy to heat the water.

Another advantage of this arrangement is the increase in the performance of water heating. As you have two identical electric resistances, even if one is out of order the other heats the water up to 50% of its maximum capacity. As previously stated, the deviation valve (14)

(refers to figure 7 and its complementary views), operates automatically according to system requests; either deviating water to the sieve (13),

to manual douche (7) or, to the central douche (DC), whichever is open, or even to both douches (7) and (DC), if opened.

The deviation valve (14) consists of a hollow section (16), base (14a) and cover (14b). Heated water flows through the hollow section (16) to the interior of central tube (14c) in the base (14a) which features side slots o (14d). Inside the circular tube (14c) shifts vertically the piston (18).

The cover (14b) incorporates two tubular shoulders (19) with diameter matching the converging ducts ( 1 If) of tubular section (lie). To drain the water coming from heating labyrinth and resistances to the hollow section (16) of valve (14); there are two other ducts (19a), orthogonal to tubes (19), on valve (14) that allow the heated water flow to the sieve (13), after passing by the piston (18).

The piston (18) incorporates a sealing head (18a), body (18b) and "O"ring (18c) mounted over the central tube (14c).

To drain the water to inside the central tube (14c), there are two options: a) With manual douche (7) and/or central douche (DC) open, the water flows downward dragging the piston (18), forcing its sealing head

(18a) over the "O" ring (18c). The water cannot leave through the sieve (13); b) With manual douche (7) and central douche closed (DC), water will flow upward pushing the piston (18), forcing the water to leave through the sieve (13).

The sieve (13), encloses the shower body (5), and allows three drain patterns for water: a) draining through the holes

(13a), on the lower surface (13b) of sieve; b) draining through the hose (M) then related manual douche (7) and; c) draining through the central douche (DC), manually activated via the command pin (21) installed within the cylindrical housing (AJ) in the center of sieve (13). The pin (21) is a cylindrical body with a recessed external area (22), inner tube (23) and knurled knob (24).

The housing (AJ) - which holds the water coming from duct (14c) of deviation valve ( 14) when piston (18) is actuated, is composed of a cylindrical wall (13c) concealed in the upper part by the base (14a) and by another cylindrical wall (13d) in the shape of an inverted and enclosed cup. The housing also features an orifice (13e) matching the orifice (13f) in the wall ( 13c), being both trespassed by a metal tube (U). This tube is made out of brass or other electricity conductive material and has an electric terminal (CT) welded to it for electricity grounding purposes of the electronic showerhead (sieve, manual and central douches). The hose (M) is attached to one end of the tube (U) whereas the other end of tube trespasses orifices (13e) and (13f) in the housing (AJ). The section of tube remaining in the housing (AJ) has at least two orifices (Ml) that allow water in the housing to drain (Vl) to the manual douche (7) (Figure 4), if open; or to drain (V2) to central douche (DC) (figure 4), if pin is opened up.

Figure 8 represents the functions of printed circuit board (PCI-I) of heating unit (2); each function block has specific duties: a) Logic Control Module of Heating Unit (MLA): An electro-electronic device, micro-controlled (A) responsible for the logic control of all

functions in the Heating Unit. This module incorporates peripheral components that control several items in the Heating Unit and : al) features non-volatile memory for storage of function as to enable proper operation of heating unit (2), independently of the control console (3); a2) "Imports" from control console (3) the parameters for its operation programming. b) Transceptor Module of Heating Unit (MTA) : This is a communication device working under infrared light, radio frequency or other equivalent transmission system which communicates between the Heating Unit (2) and Control Console (3); c) Electric Resistances 1 and 2 (Rl & R2) : Identical electric resistances mounted over the coil ( 15) heat the water. d) Power Modules 1 and 2 (MPl & MP2) : Electro-electronic circuits controlled by the Logic Module of Heating Unit (MLA) connected to the power supply line and Logic Control . They control the power supply to resistance (Rl & R2) . Two power modules are used to grant previously established levels of water heating and continuous operation of the electronic showerhead, even under failure of any of these modules. They feature : d l) Total independency; even being mounted on the same hardware and sharing the same electronic components, they are completely independent from one another. d2) This operational independency allows the heating unit (2) to work, with limitations in heating levels, even if one of the modules (MPl or MP2) is defective.

d3) Electric resistance for heating of water, the sum of power of resistances (Rl & R2) are 4.500W and 6.000W for tensions of HOV and 220V respectively and for electronic showerhead "home" and "hotel" versions with modules MPl and MP2 operating at full capacity. d4) Each power module (MP) has a Triac (TRl & TR2) as the main control device, featuring :

- Control of resistances Rl & R2;

- . Switching (apply and relieve) power to resistances Rl and R2 only during transitions of power positive and negative cycles of CA power supply, using detector device for "Zero Crossing";

- Optic coupling for total integration between capacity and logic hardware (MLA).

- Monitoring sensor for the operation status (power module short- circuited or open) - When system is OFF, Triac (TRl & TR2) provide a high isolation resistance granting complete electric isolation between the power supply line and resistances (Rl & R2). This results in total safety to user while replacing the resistances. e) Water Sensor (SA) : works in conjunction with the rubber diaphragm (9) and two electric contacts (CE) mounted over the body (5) of the heating unit (2). The Water Sensor (SA), itself is the last contact, a low current contact activated by the other two (high current) under a minimum pressure of 1 w.g (1 meter of water gauge). This is the minimum pressure for operation of electronic showerhead. The Water Sensor also includes: f) Anti-sparking contacts - CAF - a pair of electric contacts first activated when chamber (CPZ) is pressurized. When closing, the rubbing

of contacts eliminates rust and other residues that might have accumulated on contact surfaces. Anti-sparking contacts (CAF) operate under CA current from power supply line or under CC current from battery of heating unit (when installed in a Central Heating System) . g) Indication Contact for Water Pressure (CIPA) : composed of anti-spark contacts (CAF) and water sensor (SA), powered by the CA circuit and activated by the diaphragm when chamber is pressurized . Once closed, the system will inform the logic control module (MLA) that heating unit (2) is ready to operate. The indication contact (CIPA) will also operate under CC current from the battery. h) Temperature Sensor (ST) : Detects the water temperature withi n the Heating Un it and when leaving the coil. i) High Tension Sensor (SV) : Located in the Heating Unit, detects CA tension exceeding 10% of the nominal tension in the power supply line. This sensor therefore detects tensions over 242VCA for showerheads operating in ¹ 220VCA, and tensions over 140VCA for showerheads operating in 127VCA. The same sensor also detects tensions 20% lower than the nominal tension in the power supply line; in this condition, and when activated, the sensor informs the logic control module (M LA) to turn on the system in safety mode - where a large capacity cannot be reached . j) Sensors (SMPl & SMP2) of Power Modules (MPl &. MP2) : Consist of sensors monitoring power modules MPl and M P2, checking :

- If there is no circuit open in each power module: a) Normal, operation

- Only one Power Module must be open :

a) With electronic showerhead operating, heating of water is maintained by only one power module; b) The electronic showerhead will always maintain the set temperature until the limit imposed by the power module is reached. c) The electronic showerhead presents on the console (C) display (D) the message "Fault MPl" if MPl circuit is open or "Fault M P2" if MP2 circuit is open. The intermitting message (MI) will be displayed in intervals of 3 seconds (3 seconds ON, 3 seconds OFF) . d) Console generates intermittent warning sound beeps in 3 second intervals; e) Warning beeps will be issued only with heating unit activated. f) Warning messages are displayed on the console anyhow, even with heating unit turned off. g) Messages and beeps remain displayed until the power module sensor (SMP) detects normal operation of the defective power module. - Circuits in both power modules are open : a) Display presents "Fault MPl" and "Fault MP2" in the format of alternate message ( MA), also in 3-second intervals. b) Console issues warning beeps every 3 seconds; c) Warning beeps will be generated only with heating unit turned ON ; d) Messages are displayed on the control console, even with heating unit turned OFF. e) Messages and beeps remain displayed until the power module sensor (SMP) detects normal operation of power modu les MPl and MP2.

- One of the power modules is being activated without command of logic control module (MLA) every time the heating unit is energized (beginning of shower). This condition indicates the power module is short-circuited, then : a) Electronic showerhead displays the following message on control console "Fault MPx - Close tap) . Character "x" in the message is either 1 or 2, intermittent message ( MI) in 3 second intervals, b) Console issues warning beep every 3 seconds as long as heating unit is ON . c) Message is displayed even with heating unit OFF. d) Warning beeps will be issued only with heating unit ON . e) If a short-circuit condition in one of the power modules increases the temperature beyond the General Protection Temperature (TPG, 52 ⁰ C) the water blockage valve (VBA) is actuated as determined in the section "General Protection Temperature", detailed later.

Message of General Protection Temperature (TPG) and fault message on the power module are intermittently displayed for 3 seconds. k) Water blockage valve (VBA)(8) : consists of an electrically activated valve (normally open contact) that when activated, prevents water flow into the heating unit. This valve is powered by alternate (AC) or continuous (CC) currents supplied by the Triac (TR) or other electronic device located on the printed circuit board of power module (MLA) and controlled by the micro-controller (A) . Water blockage valve operates only on systems: electric heating unit (IAE) and hybrid heating unit

(IAH). The activation of this valve always follows a sequence called

"Standby Cycle" and detailed below :

1- Activation of water blockage valve (VBA) for a time period of "x" seconds (preventing the water flow), deactivation of water blockage valve for "y" seconds and continuously repeating this process.

2- Electronic showerhead displays on the control console a specific and intermittent message.

3- Electronic Showerhead issues specific warning beeps.

4- Cycling is interrupted under the following conditions:

- Any time the electronic showerhead is turned OFF independently of what function activated the cycle; - Any time user returns to the "bath area", for functions "Saving" and "Guardian"; ,

- Any time the shower temperature (TB) is higher than TPG (general protection temperature), for activation was caused exceeding the general protection. 5- Standby cycle stays on indefinitely causing no problem to its own circuitry or to power module circuitry.

The Control Console (3) refers to figures 9, 9A and 9B, and features a housing base (25) and battery compartment cover (26). It is fixed against the bathroom wall by means of a special adhesive tape (27) which allows console to be removed and installed as needed without the need to drill holes in the bathroom wall.

The console (3) incorporates its own hardware and software for programming the electronic showerhead, and is the user interface. The console can also communicate to a PC via the serial adapter AIS, refer to figures IA and 9F.

The console (3) features four communication interfaces : a) display ( D) ; b) keyboard (T) with five touch keys for operation and prog ramming of the electronic showerhead . Commands can be in put through the touch keys or voice command ; c) Buzzer generating different beep sounds, explained later; d) presence sensor.

Interaction with user is done via MENU (touch key T) shown only when system is not operative : a . "Liberation" function - Allows user to liberate the limit parameters, which are : - Interval between showers for a specific number of showers;

- Limits of temperature/tension/capacity/power/duration for a specific number of showers; b. "Alarm Clock" function - allows user to configu re the alarm clock for the following options: - Weekly

- Punctual c. "Adjustments" function - enables user to adjust: -Calendar (dd/mm/yy)

- Hour (hh : ss) - KWH Costs (R$ X, xxxxxx ) d . "Programming" function - Allows user to program all parameters to the electronic showerhead by entering a password . Programming of parameters along with description of functions will be explained later. e. "Report" function - Allows user to display information of a specific number of showers on the control console display; f. "Communication " function - Allows user to transfer data from

the heating unit to the control console and to upload and download information ; g . "Test" function - Allows user to do specific test on the following functions and system components : o Display o Power modules and related electric resistances o Batteries o Water Blockage Valve (VBA) o Buzzer o Tension o Presence Sensor o Keyboard h . "Preset" function - Allows user, by entering their password, to reset the electronic shower system to factory set parameters; i. "Version " - Indication of the serial number and manufacture date of electronic showerhead on the control console display.

Options available on the M EN U make it easy to users to config ure and view parameters of the electronic showerhead programming . Functions "alarm clock" and "agenda", programmed by option "adjustments" further detailed in the Section "System Diagnostics", allow user to transfer stored data from control console to the management software installed onto an external PC and is used for registering relevant information . Data are transferred by the Serial Infrared Adapter (AIS) - detailed later; which communicates to transceptor module ( MTC) of control console by means of the infrared system, transferring then, data to a PC via a conventional con nector.

The Control Console (3) featu res several functions, that will be better explained later; and are subdivided in four groups : a) Menu Fu nctions ( FM ) : fu nction "liberation, alarm clock, programming, report, communication, preset and version"; b) Functions related to the Shower (FB) : preset the shower conditions and can be defined by factory or customized programming . Functions related to the shower (FB) can be activated under the following Operation Modes : "Normal", "Liberation", "Initializing", "Finalizing", "Saving", "Special Shower", "Penalties" and "Tolerance". Under Normal Operation Mode, the electronic showerhead allows configuration of parameters that contribute to save electricity and water. Some of these parameters act on the system by limiting maximum capacity and temperature settings configured by user. When such limits are reached, messages and warning beeps are issued on the control console. Other parameters concern maximum time and power allowed, and when exceeded activate the "Penalty" function .

Under Normal Operation Mode, the electronic showerhead enables functions "Penalties" and "Tolerance", which together with parameters previously presented, aim to re-educate users rega rding their daily shower habits. These functions force users to review their habits of time, duration, water temperature, tension and power consumed in each shower. Functions "Penalties" and "Tolerance" contribute to the following : - Function "Penalties" (FP) : The system manager can configure shower parameters such as : maximum duration time, temperature, capacity, power as well as minimum interval between

showers in addition to two tolerance periods (tolerance 1 & 2), being the last feature explained . The electronic showerhead monitors parameters of maximu m duration time and power in every shower, as well as the violation of prog rammed limits. Under violation, the electronic showerhead informs user by displaying messages and specific warning beeps on the control console. Under this situation, the system activates the penalty function, which in turn puts the electronic showerhead i n the Standby Mode (x = 30s and y = 2s) until user closes the water tap . Penalty Function also featu res the parameter of interval between showers

(1 to 5 minutes) preventing the user to start another shower immediately after being penalized . Penalty Function is configured by user. Function "Tolerance" (FT) : this function is directly associated to the Penalty function and allows system manager to create two extra time periods for showers (Tolerance I and II), nevertheless maximum capacity allowed is limited to 50%. These tolerance periods occur before activation of Standby Mode as a consequence of penalty function . Tolerance I corresponds to first extra period allowed immediately after activation of Penalty function, before entering Standby Mode. This fi rst extra time can vary from 1 to 5 minutes with a capacity reduction of 10 to 50% based on the average power being used in the regula r duration . If Tolerance II is not programmed, system goes into Standby Mode. Tolerance II can be activated right after Tolerance I is over and includes an extra period of 1 to 5 minutes, with no power applied, in other words - cold water. At expiration of extra time, the penalty

function takes effect by activating the water blockage valve and putting it in the Standby mode previously explained , c) Information Function (FI) : indicates status of system functions: OFF fault, alarm clock ON, score and emergency. - Figure 9C represents a block diagram for the control console (3), where all components integrating the printed circuit board (PCI-2) of console (3) are shown : a) Battery (B) supplies CC current to Control Console (3); b) Logic Control Module (MLC) : electronic, micro-controlled device featuring a software program that controls all console functions; c) Transceptor Module (B) : communication device using infrared system, responsible for communication of Console (3) to Heating Unit (2) and Serial Infrared Adapter (AIS); d) Presence Sensor Module (MSP) : electronic device featuring the presence sensor; e) Display: interacts with user for operation, programming and warning purposes. f) Keyboard : for entry of programming, adjustments, operation and configuration commands by user. g) Microphone: for programming and operation of electronic shower via voice command (VOICER) .

The printed circuit board (PCI-2) - refer to figure

9C - of console is responsible for the programming and control of all functions in the electronic showerhead ( 1). The control console provides the following input/output devices :

I) Display (D) presents information on programming and operation of electronic showerhead . The display interacts with user (refer to figure

9A) by means of signs, words and characters presented in specific messages and numbers. The display will typically feature: I.I Type: Liquid crystal display; I. II Number of columns: 16; LIII Number of Lines: 2;

I. IV Backlighting : controlled by electronic command, activated when pressing any touch key on console, stays on for 10 seconds after release of the touch key;

LV Special Characters: set of 8 special characters representing : - Clock: meaning the shower is being timed .

- Presence Indicator (IP) : indicates presence of user in the shower area detected by the presence sensor.

- Battery Indicator (IB) : indicates battery status according to battery, console and/or heating unit sensor (if any) . - Alarm Indicator (IA) : when blinking, indicates alarm or warning beep is activated.

- Power Indicator (IW) ; indicates power is on, by lighting the 32 characters on display. Each character has a variation range for lighting (0 = all characters off to 40 all characters lit) indicating maximum power available in the system. Considering a maximum power of 6000W (e.g .), each pixel lit represents (6.000 Watts) í (40 Pixels) = 150 Watts/Pixel. ,

II) Keyboard (T) (refer to figure 9B) for entry of programming and operation information for the electronic shower system.

Commands are actions executed on the keyboard and affect the operation of showerhead in the operation mode selected . They come into effect when a touch key or its set is pressed simultaneously and in predetermined time intervals. As an option, commands can be done via voice (Voicer), please refer to figures 9C and HA.

Keyboard (T) enables user to scroll through Menu functions (programming, adjustment, preset, etc. ). Keyboard touch keys and their functions are: 1) Touch key (e) : enables functions "Saving", "Emergency", "Special Shower" or "Help" where:

1.1) Function "Saving": available only in operation modes "Normal" and "Liberated" and electric heating (IAE) and hybrid heating (IAH) systems. Pressing touch key "e" for 1 second activates it. Function "saving" works in conjunction with activation of presence sensor saving water and electricity by actuation of water blockage valve (VBA) any time user leaves the bath area or detection area of presence sensor. This function decreases volume of water and in consequence power level to resistances Rl & R2, original shower conditions are restored when user returns to bath area or detection range of presence sensor. 1.2) Function "Emergency": available under operation modes "Factory Set", "OFF" and "Normal". Pressing touch key "e" for over 3 seconds activates it. A sequence of beeps, in Morse Code, is activated for 60 minutes or till another touch key is pressed or showerhead turned off. The original shower conditions, before function "emergency" came into effect, are restored. In addition to beeps, the specific SOS message is presented on display.

1.3) "Special Shower": available under operation modes "Normal" and "Liberated" being activated by pressing for 1 second and simultaneously touch keys < Exit> and <e> . This function activates the automatic alternation of water temperature as previously set by user (suggestion of 1O ⁰ C lower than actual shower temperature). Temperature changes happen in predetermined intervals, user can change those any time.

1.4 Function "Help": available only under operation mode "Programming". Any time this touch key is pressed once in "Programming" mode, a message is displayed giving information about that specific function .

2) Touch Key <EXIT> : presents menu options once in the Programming Mode.

3) Touch key < ENT> : Confirms your selection once in Programming Mode;

4) Touch key <φ > : increases values presented on display:

4.1) Increases shower temperature at each press of touch key, increasing capacity of heating unit.

4.2) Increases value presented on display once in programming mode.

4.3) When setting new shower temperature, new values are presented on display. A single press on touch key increases temperature value in increments of I ⁰ C, keeping it pressed increases temperature in increments of 2 ⁰ C.

5) Touch key < φ> : decreases values presented on display:

5.1) Decreases shower temperature in I ⁰ C at each press of touch key (reducing capacity of heating unit). Available under operation modes "Factory

Set", "Normal" and "Liberated".

5.2) Decreases value presented on display once in programming mode

5.3) When setting new shower temperature, new values are presented on display. A single press on touch key decreases temperature in

increments of I ⁰ C, keeping it pressed decreases temperature in increments of 2 ⁰ C.

Touch keys <Exit>, <ENTER>, <φ>, <φ> perform special functions: a) Touch key <Exit> : cancels undergoing operation returning to previous menu and/or back till "Off", "Factory Set", "Normal" or

"Liberation" screens. b) Touch key <ENTER> : confirms selection (activates or accepts command). c) Touch key <φ>: allows scrolling up through menu. d) Touch key <φ>: allows scrolling down through menu.

All functions performed by touch keys and described above can be done via voice command (voicer).

Keyboard (mainly "hotel" version) may also feature Braille raised pattern, the same happens to data collector device.

For better understanding of the complete programming, the following functions and nomenclature (in Portuguese

Language and for short) are explained: - Ambient Temperature (TA) : automatic measurement (on hourly basis) of water temperature within the heating unit and with showerhead inoperative for at least 3 hours. The reading is used as a reference for the initial shower temperature seeking a comfortable water temperature even before user does his own choice on control console. - Incoming Water Temperature (TAE) : measurement of water temperature within the heating unit (2 seconds after water sensor is activated indicating water tap was opened). The reading indicates approximate water temperature in water reservoir, with showerhead inoperative for at least one hour. - Initial Shower Temperature (TIB): temperature of water leaving the system, the one the electronic showerhead seeks to reach upon initialization. The value for this temperature depends on the Ambient Temperature (TA) or

temperature value configured by user (see Table 1). Ratings stated may not be reached by constraints in the system capacity, ambient temperature or water flow within heating unit. The Electronic Showerhead is factory set to conduct the initial shower temperature (TIB) based on ambient temperature (TA).

Table 1 : Initial Shower Temperature to be reached in 5 seconds

- Shower Temperature (TB) : Temperature of water leaving the system in each shower, indicates also maximum temperature (Tbmax) and minimum temperature (Tbmin), readings are conducted in intervals of 10 seconds throughout the shower and right after completion of initialization checking .

- Customized Shower Temperature (TBD) : shower temperature user wishes, controlled through programming or control console commands during the shower. Not available in Central Heating Systems (IAC) ;

- Maximum Shower Temperature (TMB) : maximum shower temperature allowed according to user configuration ;

Maximum Operation Temperature (TOM) : Maximum shower temperature factory set at 5O ⁰ C, used if user has not programmed system to use TPM or TMM values;

- General Protection Temperature (TPG) : Temperature limit, factory set at 52 ⁰ C, user can configure this value from 48 ⁰ C to 58 ⁰ C, exceeding these limits puts showerhead under overheating condition. It can be caused by short-circuit in the power modules (MPl or MP2); excessive incoming water temperature (TAE) in central heating systems or improper operation of logic control module (MLA). - Shower Time (TpB) : maximum shower duration time limited to shower maximum temperature (TMB). Presented on display under "ss" pattern for showers lasting up to 1 hour, and pattern "hh" for showers exceeding 1 hour;

Control Console (3) incorporates a Buzzer for issuing coded sound beeps. Beeps are coded according to the following : D - off; B - low; M - medium; A - loud.

Different beep sounds serve to different purposes:

- Touch key beep: short beep sound indicating a key is pressed; - Error beep: long beep sound used for: a) Invalid operation b) Fault or alert warning during initialization process. Error beep sound is timed with the display of specific error message.

- Warn beep : half-way beep sound; - Alert beep: two halfway sound beeps in intervals of 0.5 seconds used for important warning messages.

For the specific uses below, sound beeps are issued under loud pattern (A) :

- Maximum showerhead capacity exceeded; Maximum shower temperature exceeded. - Emergency beep: sequence of short and long sound beeps (loud) reproducing SOS Morse Code pattern = < . . . . . . >

- Confirmation Beep : Three short beeps for confirmation after pressing <ENT> key while programming.

The control console system incorporates sensors which in association with heating unit sensors control the overall system functions: a) Presence Sensor (MSP) : Located on console (3), detects presence of user in bath area, within 45cm radius and solid angle of 110°. Used for implementation of functions "Saving" (previously explained) and "Guardian".

Function "Guardian" associated to the water blockage valve (VBA) prevents water and energy supply to showerhead whenever user leaves bath area for a period superior to 120 seconds without turning the showerhead off: Function "Guardian" actuates in three sequential stages called Pre-Guardian or Guardian-2M, Guardian-15M and Guardian-1H :

1- Stage Pre-Guardian or Guardian-2M begin function Guardian being activated every time user leaves bath area for a continuous period superior to 2 minutes. It is not implemented if function Saving is active, though. Function Saving activates stage

Guardian-2M after touch key < e> is pressed or user leaves bath area for a period superior to 5 minutes;

2- Once activated, function Gua rdian takes control of monitoring process, activation of "Standby Cycle", activation of presence sensor ( MSP) and readings of water sensor (SA);

3- Activation of stage Guardian-1 H mandatory after stage Guardian- 2M .

Stage Pre-Guardian monitors the bath area through presence sensor (MSP) . This function is set at factory and user has no access to it, at the initialization of function Guardian, the showerhead :

1. Monitors bath area via presence sensor (MSP), in 5-second intervals;

2. Acknowledges user has left the bath area after 120 seconds (2 min utes) of user absence; 3. Return to original condition, zeroing timer (2 minutes) every time : a . Presence Sensor ( MSP) acknowledges user has returned to bath area . b. Water sensor (SA) detects depressurization of chamber (water tap closed ) ; refer to diagrams 18 & 19 for timing and operation of stage Pre-Guardian .

Stage Guardian-15M occurs after stage Pre-Guardian activating the water blockage valve (VBA), warning water sprays through "Standby Cycle" in 30-second intervals. These water sprays aim to warn user either to return to shower or close the water tap.

, During stage Guardian-15M, showerhead proceeds as follows :

1. Activates water blockage valve (VBA), waits 30 seconds and activates "Standby Cycle". This cycle stays into effect for maximum 15 minutes being aborted by: a. Presence Sensor (MSP) detects user has returned to bath area. During this stage presence sensor (MSP) monitors bath area in 10- second intervals; b. User in the bath area presses any key of console;

c. Water Sensor (SA) detects depressurization of chamber (user closes water tap); d . Time of stage ( 15 minutes) expired. In this situation Function Guardian starts stage Guardian-1 H.

2. For interruptions stated on Items a & b above, stage Guardian-15M ensures the relief of water blockage valve (VBA) allowing user to restart shower at same shower temperature (TB) configured in the system;

3. Warning water sprays in the "Standby Cycle" use cold water, it means that during stage Guardian- 15M system prevents power su pply to electric resistance ( Rl & R2) . (This power shortage is only for the water spraying purpose, if user retu rns to bath area, system returns to original shower conditions) .

Stage "Guardian-1 H" is similar to stage "Guardian- 15M", presenting though the following differences :

1. During monitoring period, presence sensor (MSP) is not activated ;

2. To restore the shower conditions is only possible by pressing any key on console control, any time;

3. Warning water sprays (cold water) happen in intervals of 1 hour always in accordance with water sensor status;

4. Function is aborted under the following conditions: a. User presses any key on control console, any time; or b. User turns showerhead off, by closing the water tap (status of water sensor). Electronic showerheads (1) "home" or "hotel" versions perform both functions (Guardian-2M and Guardian- 1H). This arrangement is helpful as it provides an alternative for saving water and electricity for the event user does not configure stage Guardian-2M at the initial configuration.

b) Battery Sensor (SB) : Battery provides nominal tension of 9VDC. Nevertheless, output tensions between 9VDC and 8.2VDC are considered normal. The battery sensor shall monitor tensions below 8.2VDC. This condition is indicated as "battery low" message represented under static message (ME) pattern whenever battery tension is between 8.2VDC and 7,8VDC. If tension is lower than 7.8VDC, same message is presented under alternate intermittent message (MAI) along with indication symbols.

Console control (3) provides alarm-clock function programmed through Adjustments Mode allowing configuration of date and time no matter what operation mode is in effect.

Alarm-clock options:

- Weekly : allows any combination of day and time plus "nap" function ;

- Punctual (Agenda) : allows setting alarm clock to specific date and time. Up to 10 different alarm clock combinations are allowed .

Control console (3) in addition of being the interface with user, also presents diagnostics of initialization test.

Control console ("hotel" version) enables collection and storage of data via col lector/receptor devices ( please refer to figures 1, I B and diagram on fig u re 15), and sending data to a personal computer. The use of the specific application software allows user to access reports, evaluate operation conditions of showerhead (as explained on diagrams of figures 13 and 13A for "home" version and figu re 17 for "hotel" version ) .

These functions associated with application software also allow the creation of registers on the performance of heating unit and control console battery packs; fault conditions of power mod ules ( M Pl & M P2) and others.

The electronic showerhead in q uestion can be used in several heating systems cu rrently in use. For such flexibility, micro-switches or jumpers on the printed circuit-board of heating unit (2) will inform the control console, at the initialization, which type of heating system is in use. As a matter a fact, the electron ic showerhead can be associated to the following heating systems:

Al ) Electric Heating System ( 110V/220V) - for localities where central heating systems are not available, all functions implemented will be available. At initialization, showerhead automatically seeks the initial shower temperature (TIB) previously set, for 5 seconds. Values can be :

- the ones configured by user via control console;

- no power, if user wishes a cold-water shower, system uses the ambient temperature parameter. For intervals between showers superior to 3 hours, the initial shower temperature (TIB) will be based upon the

ambient temperature (TA). In this case, the ambient temperature will be used to initialize the shower.

For intervals between showers inferior to 3 hours, the initial shower temperature last used (TIB) will be used as the reference. In this case, a slight difference between ambient temperature stored in system and actual temperature may occur at the beginning of shower. The reason is, for shower intervals inferior to 3 hours system does not update the ambient temperature register (TA), using instead last value stored in memory. For this initial temperature setting (5 seconds after initialization) the keyboard is locked and no change in temperature is possible. After this time, system liberates the keyboard for temperature settings user wishes.

A2) Central Heating Systems (IAC) - In this situation, showerhead is not connected to the AC line. System indicates on display the shower temperature (TB). This function allows adjustment of shower temperature, saving water from central heating system with showerhead operating the following way:

1. At initialization, system monitors the presence of heated water. System understands water supply is in full capacity when there is no more variation in temperature (0.5 ⁰ C) in 5-second intervals. From this point on, system issues sound alarms, telling user he can start mixing cold water, and starting then the shower countdown.

2. The showerhead display presents the shower temperature (TB) guiding user to intervene in the warm and cold water taps, seeking the most comfortable shower temperature;

3. Showerhead incorporates a 9VDC battery in the heating unit to back up electronic devices and sensors there located;

In the central heating system, electronic showerhead features the following characteristics: - Variation of shower temperature is done only manually by opening the warm and cold water taps;

Display presents the actual water temperature; Function Emergency remains available; Functions Saving and Special Shower are not available; - General Protection Temperature alarm and Function Guardian will be limited acting only through sound and visual warnings on control console.

Functions alarm clock and calendar remain available. A3) Hybrid Heating System - Electronic showerhead is connected to the AC line making use of all its control and heating functions.

For this type of installation some specific functions were added to provide better conditions of temperature control as water may come in different temperatures, and they consist in :

Keep on display after initialization the message "Open Warm Water Tap completely" warning user not use only cold water which would increase consumption of power.

Monitoring of incoming water from central heating system informing user about need to adjust water taps for desired shower temperature. From this point on, power to electric resistances is halted till user enters any command on control console thus restoring power supply to resistances. User can then adjust water temperature since showerhead is back to its original conditions.

Seeking of initial shower temperature (TIB) right after user opens the water tap. The same happens in electric heating system . After initial shower temperature is reached, user via control console may adjust shower temperature (TB) that best suits his needs. The system will store this shower temperature and use as a reference for monitoring possible variations.

Showerhead system compensates variations in temperature by, for example, reducing power capacity to resistances as water temperature from central heating system increases.

The relationship between electronic showerhead, General Protection Temperature (TPG) and Maximum Shower Temperature for electric, central and hybrid heating systems is represent in the table below :

Electronic showerhead (1) "home" version provides (refer to figures 1, 1 ^A , 13 & 13A) additional resources for shower management through the use of an application software and

data transfer device. The serial infrared adapter (AIS) (refer to figures 1, 1 ^A , I B and flow diagram on figure 14), allows the transfer of data from console control to a personal computer loaded with the management software (refer to figure 1) . The serial infrared adapter (AIS) also allows "Downloads" (reports) and "Uploads" (programming) between two systems.

The adapter AIS (refer to figures 1, IA and 14) features the following characteristics: a. Communicates to control console (3) via Infrared Transceptor Module (B) for downloads (shower reports) and uploads

(programming) . b. Communicates to personal computer via serial, parallel or USB ports; keyboard serial interfaces, standard IEEE 802, Infrared or Bluetooth interfaces. c. Provides Mini Dim connector for keyboard connection.

The same AIS adapter can be used to conduct downloads and uploads from different showerhead units.

The management software for electronic showerhead "home" version requires the registering of following information : a) Locality: Name of installation site, alphanumeric word with up 16 characters; b) Due Date of Electricity Bill of current installation site; c) Nick Name (NN) : alphanumeric Word with up 16 characters to identify showerhead communicating with program; d) Identification code (CID) with up to 16 characters; e) Number of users for this showerhead;

f) Installation date.

For each piece of information requi red, the stored ones (if any) are presented .

Each installation site will be assigned a register for energy consumption . As an example, an installation site with 3 showerhead units shall have a single electricity bill stating the total consumption .

This information on consumption and costs are extremely important as they validate the efficiency of the electronic showerhead, allowing yet the issue of comparative reports.

To do so, the management program requi res information on energy consumption of each installation site indicating : month, total consumption (KWh/month), total costs, and monthly cost.

The management program compares data entered with existing information from previous month and offers the following options : a) Use KWh and cost information from last month ; and b) Indicate cost differential ( KWh ) in relating to previous month .

Management software allows "Download" and

"Upload" options. "Download" option transfers shower data and configuration programmed from showerhead to the software. "Upload" option transfers shower configuration done by user, via software, to the electronic showerhead .

To use the management resources offered by administration software, user is required to enter their password and previously enter information required :

Data for "download" are grouped in specific registers :

a) Shower Data Register: contains information on last "x" number of showers as represented in the table below:

Where: - Date: dd/mm/yy format;

- Shower start time: "hh" format

- Shower duration time (TpB ) : "mm" format;

- Function Saving : number of times function Saving interrupted water and power supply (15, maximum) (meaning : water flow interrupted when user leaves bath area);

- Special Shower: 0= no; 1 = yes - (meaning : shower with alternate temperatures);

- Function Penalties: indication of penalties applied;

- Scoring : 0 = no score. Positive or negative values from 1 to 9; - KWh : energy consumed in KWh.

Management software indicates status of programming. If it is factory programming, software allows keeping or changing to new programming, updating the showerhead by conducting "uploads" using the serial infrared adapter AIS. Program stores in its data base reports of all "Uploads" done for each showerhead unit.

Reports issued cover periods specified by users (Start: dd/mm/yy - End : dd/mm/yy) :

a. Summary Report:

B) Programming Report: items configured by user; c) Surveys: presents data of Shower Data Registers (RDB), Downloads and Uploads, allowing customized organization ;

D) Graphs: presents bar, line and pizza graphs related to shower data. Besides facilitating visualization of shower conditions, allows comparative analysis of results such as: shower duration, shower cost, total costs in the period, total costs of electricity bills, etc. Program exits to initial screen and requires new login every time system is inactive for a period superior to five minutes.

When exiting the program, user is prompted whether he wishes or not to do a backup in the database (CDROM, floppy disc, Zip Drive, USB Memory, and others).

Figures IH and IB illustrate electronic showerhead "hotel" version. This version comprehends the heating unit (2), console (3) with access only to the administration manager and by entering a password; data collector device (29) responsible to collect information from console, send to data concentrator/repeater and from there to the PC equipped with specific management software. The Data Concentrator/Repeater (figures 1, IB and 16) can transfer data to other concentrator/repeater units which in turn can be connected in a single network. This characteristic is important when installing system is location facing radio frequency restraints. Data collector device (figures 1, IB and 15) enables collecting information other than the ones stored on control console. For example, registering the consumption of goods from a fridge, sending this information to administration Office along with shower data from control console. The management software transfers data collector all information related to quantity and types of items to be checked.

Management software for electronic showerhead

"hotel" version (figure 17) provides all functions present in showerhead "home" version plus other functions allowing the implementation of quotas for shower duration, energy consumption to each user. The aim of these quotas is to enhance the shower management in a way certain shower behaviors (duration and power consumption) be billed

accordingly. Parameters defining limits of duration time and power consumption for each showerhead are configured by system administrator accessed via password.

It is relevant to note that the present invention is not limited by the applications, details and processes described in this document. On the contrary, the present invention can be applied to several other purposes, considering yet the terminology here employed aims to describe and not limit the invention's capabilities.