ABOU-ELWAFA, Ibrahim, Hamed, Mohamed (Flat 2, Floor 7 Laila Tower,Salem Mubark Street, Elsalmiaa, KW)
| Claims
The complete description of the discovery through the diagram of equipment designed.
And The description of the complete line production of factory through the figuration (1)
1- The soil from which sand is obtained, i.e. locations from which raw sand is extracted.
2- The tractor by which the sand is transported from the soil to the cones while they are at the bottom.
3- Nos. 1 cones of 2.5 m2 x 2.5 m2 in size with 2 m in length and 60 cm in width at the bottom.
4- No. 1 mobile belt with 15 m in length and 80 cm in width to transport the sand from the bottom cone to the top main cone.
5- The main cone has a top hole with width of 3 m2 and 120 cm at the bottom with length of 2.5 m, having a gate at the bottom to control sand fall to drying machine and Nos. 2 shakers at the bottom half.
6- There are Nos. 2 electric machines to propel the air from to top to bottom, which shall be heated by passing it on heaters in order to dry the sand from moisture.
7- Nos. 4 concrete bases, each two bases carry one of the air drying machine.
8- Nos. 2 mobile cones moving as per the arrows directions shown on the diagram + Nos. 2 motor with gear for rotation process to facilitate and expedite sand drying process, each motor contains 2 shakers + a top hole for sand fall + 1 bottom gate to control sand fall downward separation machine to separate salts and gatch from sand.
9- Nos. 2 concrete bases for carrying sand drying machine. (Machine of Salts and Gatch separation from Sand Grains)
The description of which is as below:
10- The external shape is as shown on the diagram.
The machine interior consists of Nos. 2 cylinders made of P7 iron (2 m in diameter) (6 cm in thickness) of semi-circular shape containing a hollow with 3 cm in depth and 70 cm in length in which the sand is to be stored prior to sand fall and rubbing process. Through friction, the following takes place: A- The wrap carrying salts, gatch and gangues is separated from sand grains. B- The solid rocks accompanying sand from the soil are crumbled. C- The parts in form of fragile grains, i.e. gatch, are crumbled into very fine - powder easy to be vacuumed causing gaps in the concrete or the products of which sand is a component which reduce their useful life.
11 - Dust buffer compartment at the machine bottom against which sand collide during fall from the machine. Collision results in heavy spread of dust, then the vacuum machine draws dust, i.e. gatch, and all gangues. Through this process, gangues are separated from sand and hence sand slides down following collision outside the buffer compartment void of such gangues by 95%.
12- + 13 - The vacuum machine: vacuums the gangues and transfer the same to compartment of steam resulting from water compression, so water is mixed with gangues, i.e. gatch, then it is converted into clay masses which slide down and in turn to the location allocated to the same for handling and processing.
14 + 15 - Water tank which runs on compressing water through vacuum and compression machine to small valves through which water is pumped into dust compartment in which gatch and salts are separated from sand grains.
16 - Nos. 2 concrete bases for carrying gatch and salts vacuum machine and collision compartment.
17 - Electric current wires.
18 - Operation and production control room.
19 - The produced sand free from salts and gangues by 95% without causing pollution to the environment or wasting water. |
Environment- Friendly Sand Free from Salts
technical field
Sand, in general, is considered one of the earth fundamental components. It consists of grains made up of fine rocks particles. Such grains range in size from 0.0625 to 2 millimeters. Sand classification is based on its size; there are five types of sand : very fine sand, fin sand, medium sand, coarse sane and very coarse sand .The basic constituent of sand is silica (Silicon dioxide SO 2 ) ; as for the other constituents of sand, they exist with very little amounts . Sand is deemed the most important component of desert. It is well-known that sand grains vary in terms of form, size and chemical composition. They also have varied colors such as the transparent, turquoise, bright yellow, dim yellow, yellow close to red, bright brown, etc.
Sand importance:
Graded sand is used in the trades of filters, metallic ingots, crystal and building raw materials and ready-concrete trade that basically depends on it.
Sand, in its natural form, is used for making building materials. Sand plays a vital and primary role in construction progress as well as in old and modern civilization; building movement is the most important motive of world economy: the more the constitutions construction movement increases, the more the production of factories manufacturing building materials and supplying industries increases.
Sand is distributed on vast areas of land. It also exists at the bottom of seas and many lakes. Deserts are rich in sand which is in need of classification in terms of size and chemical properties for each area separately in preparation for investors' participation in this field.
Salts existing within sand;
Sand contains many types of salts. They exist in the form of wrap surrounding sand grains or covering sections of them, or in the form of fine small powder called "gatch". Such wrap is solid.
Salts & their influence on buildings:
The useful life of housing buildings should not be less than 25 years as a minimum, according to the acknowledged criteria.
Salts and gatch play an important role in extending or shortening a building age; as the more the salts and gatch rate increases in a building, the less the useful life of such building is. This is a well-known fact, not new. Salts and gadch have a major role on building materials mixture non-adhesion; i.e. the more the salts and gatch ratio increases, the less the adhesion strength among molecules of different materials is.
Salts concentration ratio
Salts concentration ratio within sand is considered one of the factors that lead to dissolution and erosion of concrete basic components. Besides that, they adversely affect iron bars causing oxidization of such bars and in turn erosion of iron and creation of a layer of rust working on cracking of concrete, weakening its fineness. Moreover, salts entrance to concrete apertures and crystallization within cause loosening of the external parts gradually. This problem appears in the coastal cities due to the existence of moisture that causes increasing of salts ratio within sand.
Sand is deemed a basic element for manufacturing all building materials. So we must try hard to reduce salts concentration ratio in sand. The present research is one of the ways of cleaning sand from salts and gatch besides keeping the environment clean.
Background Art :
The methods followed for the attempt to dispose of salts existing within sand. Sand is washed in an attempt to separate the existing salts from sand grains by water Through several different methods :-
Firstly — An attempt to separate salts from sand grains is conducted through a mechanical machine used for washing sand. This machine is consists in a rectangle-shaped box with length of 6 meters and depth of 120 centimeters approximately. It includes within a spring column runs on rotation .Such machine is filled with drink water. Through moving belt carrying sand, sand is put inside the machine. Sand is mixed with water by the spring column that lifts sand form down to up. Accordingly, sand falls down on the place specified for it; i.e. at the bottom of the machine, accompanying a big section of water saturated with salts. Such water leaks to soil surface and reaches the ground water causing pollution of it. Besides that, a big section of water stays blended with sand; it further rots reproducing salts again. As for the remainder of water resulting from the wash process, it is used again for several times , however it is saturated with salts. In this way, salts amount is doubled.
Another method
Secondly —Sand is also washed through another method, but this method is more dangerous to the environment. In this method, sand is assembled in a circular form and put on the soil surface. The circle is dug from the middle and filled up with water. That water is mixed with sand chaotically. Sand is put in a pyramidal form before it is carried on a vehicle. As a result, water leaks and reaches soil and further to the ground water. Some water remains included within sand producing salts more than that were existent before the wash process.
Another method
Thirdly -it is consisting in a circular building of concrete with depth of 2 meters or more. In the middle of this building, there is a fan working circularly. Such building is filled with water and sand through a moving belt. The said fan is turned on in order to blend sand with water. Thereafter sand is transported to the specified place accompanying an amount of water depositing finally and reaching soil surface, further it reaches the ground water. As for the section of water remaining within sand, it rots and consequently turns into salts with ratio bigger than that was existent before the washing process. The water remaining after finishing the several processes of washing is disposed of by casting it in the sewerage ducts.
The methods of disposal of water resulting from sand wash process & the arising damages:
Water resulting from washing sand contains a high rate of salts. Such salts are disposed of by two approaches:-
1- Casting such water in a certain place of soil. Accordingly, soil harmful salts ratio increases. Moreover, such salts reach the ground water, polluting this water, deemed the second source of sweet water after rivers.
2- The other approach of disposal of water resulting from washing sand , more dangerous for the agricultural source, is casting this water into the sewerage ducts leading to the difficulty of manipulating such water , as this process causes increasing of salts ratio in this water. If it is deposed of in seas and oceans without being manipulated, this leads to rising of salts ratio wherever it is cast. Consequently, the forms of vegetal and animal lives in such place are extensively affected, particularly the fish source which is considered the third important origin of animal source.
We can conclude from the foregoing that;
1- The followed methods are ineffective on disposal of salts existent within sand.
2- They cause a considerable pollution for environment as they cause pollution of the ground water .deemed the second most important natural source of water after rivers , in addition to its several uses such as :
A- It is used as a source of dink water.
B- This water is widely used in agriculture.
C- It is a source of washing and cleaning water.
D- It is a source of water for industries that need water.
E- It is a cheap, available and very cost effective water source if it is compared with water distillation system followed in most of the world countries.
3- Washing sand with water for disposal of salts through the above-mentioned processes is fruitless and leads to wastage of a large amount of water of which we are in bad need. Moreover, incomplete drying of washed sand makes excess weight, not calculated on the real weigh, when carried to the customer. In addition, the water remaining within sand rots and turns into salts with a ratio bigger than that was existent before wash process.
There are some countries exposing to an extreme crisis representing in the deficiency of the amount of the washed sand used in building trade, threatening the hindrance of big projects construction. As a result, some of ready-concrete manufacturers produce concrete using sand without being washed. That may lead to catastrophes happening. So there must be solutions to this problem that daily increases and further becomes threatening building and infrastructure projects in many countries.
For all these reasons, the research presented by me is concerning with sand problem and how to dispose of a large amount of salts existing within it through a simple, scientific and cost effective method.
Piscoluser of the invention :
THE NEW DISCOVERED METHOD It is anew method taking into consideration the environmental and economical aspects.
Firstly: environmental aspect: -
1- Saving the sweet water which is widely wasted in sand wash process.
2- Protecting the soil from the high rate of salts with which it is saturated as a result of casting the water resulting from the sand wash process into it.
3- Keeping the ground water that occupies the second rank as a source of sweet water after rivers.
4- Protecting the sewerage water from the water cast within including a high ratio of salts as a result of sand wash process through the traditional applied methods.
Secondly: economic aspect:-
5- Obtaining sand free from salts and gatch with 95% participating in developing the construction movement and extending buildings ages.
6- Making use of the whole land area without wasting any sandy or rocky masses as such masses convert into sand with solid grains different in size, used in building trade because they work on increasing of concrete coherence.
7- Salts are separated from sand without water consumption. Accordingly, we save large amounts of sweet water.
8- Making use of "gatch" that was separated from sand, with a scientific τ controlled method, as a raw material used in bricks trade and other trades such as pottery, in stead of disposal of such gatch on soil surface, as it is followed in the traditional methods, being liable to the weather factors. Hence, coherence strength tying these small molecules which like atoms decreases . During winds blowing, these atoms scatter in the form of dust spreading in most contiguous areas and causing diseases the respiratory and nervous systems diseases. the discovery is one of the ways of cleaning sand from salts and gatch besides keeping the environment clean.
It is a machine including 2 circular cylinders (one of them is mobile and the other is fixed) , the fixed one has a hole in the middle , by such hole sand passes in order to reach he place lies between the two cylinders ,through sand passing between these two cylinders, sand external wrap, which is composed of salts and gangues called "gatch" is separated .