| JP04275910 | STABILIZED RED PHOSPHORUS AND ITS PRODUCTION |
| WO/1997/015384 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUSED PARTICLE AGGLOMERATES |
| JP2001071325 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GRANULATION |
Ilmasti, Veikko (T�llinm�ki 10 A, Helsinki, FIN-00640, FI)
Suominen, Hannu L. (Kotitorpantie 11, Helsinki, FIN-00690, FI)
Niemi, Jouko (Haavistontie 27, Pirkkala, FIN-33960, FI)
Ilmasti, Veikko (T�llinm�ki 10 A, Helsinki, FIN-00640, FI)
Suominen, Hannu L. (Kotitorpantie 11, Helsinki, FIN-00690, FI)
| 1. | Equipment for producing ultra fine dry powders by means of an energetic power gas, which equipment comprises an opposed jet mill (2.3) with feeding devices (1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2, 2.2) and a classi fier (3) in direct pipe contact with the outlet of the jet mill (2.3), in which classifier the ground product will be classified into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction by means of centrifugal forces, said classifier (3) being provided with a separate outlet for each fraction, whereby the outlet of the fine fraction is in direct contact with a device (5, 6) for separating gas and solid material through a discharge channel (3.5), characterized in that the device for separating gas and solids from each other (5, 6) comprises at least one ion jet tube (5, 6) with a concentrically extending high voltage electrode (5.4) provided with a large number of radial ion jet tips (5.6), whereby the solid particles of the gas solid suspension led at a low speed through the ion jet tube (5, 6) are attached to the inner walls of the tube (5, 6) at the influence of ion jets developed by the ion jet tips (5.6), from which walls the particles are easily recoverable in exactly limited fractions, and the purified power gas is arranged to discharge from the oppo site end of the ion jet tube (5, 6), and that in order to control the operation of the equipment an online operating measuring and analysing device (4), coupled to a control unit of the equipment, is mounted into the discharge channel (3.5) for the fine fraction in order to determine the particle size and the fineness of the solid particles of the gassolid suspension flowing through the discharge chanel (3.5). |
| 2. | Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the equip ment comprises several in parallel och/or in series connected ion jet tubes (5, 6) the electrical fields and voltages of which are individually regulated controlled by measuring signals provided from the measuring and analysing device (4). |
| 3. | Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion jet tube (5, 6) is provided with mechanical scrapers, vibrators or washingdies as well as double valves (5.1, 6.1) at the bottom of the tube in order to remove the solid particles attached to the inner walls of the ion jet tube (5, 6). |
| 4. | Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas removing channel (5.5) for the purified power gas free of solids leaving the ion jet tube (5, 6) is led directly to a compressor or a group of compressors (7, 7.1, 7.2) used for developing power gas. |
| 5. | Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring and analysing device (4) is mounted into a branch pipe extending in parallel with the discharge channel (3.5) for the fine fraction and provided with an ejector pump (4.1), which branch pipe downstreams the measuring and analysing device (4) again joins the discharge channel (3.5). |
| 6. | Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the measuring and analysing device (4) is provided with a unit, the operation of which is based on scattering of a laser beam, i.e. laser diffractometry, for determining the amount of the coarser particles in the final product and the average particle size there of, as well as with a unit, the operation of which is based on the doppler effect of the particles, for determining the amount of small and ultra fine particles in the final product. |
| 7. | Eguipment according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas removing channel (5.5) is led to the compressors (7,7.1,7.2) via a mechanical filter and/or a gas washer. |
| 8. | Equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided with several in parallel connected compressors (7, 7.1, 7.2), of which at least one is provided with a regulating system for the speed of rotation i.e. the yield of the power gas, which system is arranged to receive control signals developed by the control unit based on measuring signals sent from the measuring and analysing device (4), simultaneously as the other compressors are arranged to operate at a constant speed of rotation and yield at their optimal point of operation. |
| 9. | Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the classi fier (3) of the equipment is a dynamically operating cyclonerotor classifier being provided with a feed connection (3,2) for low pres sure washing air at the lower end of a conical part of said classi fier, above a discharge valve (3.1) for the coarse fraction and with a rotor (3.3) with adjustable speed of rotation at the top of the classifier (3) in connection with the outlet of the gassolid sus pension of the fine fraction, said rotor being arranged to receive control signals from the control unit of the equipment based on measuring signals from the measuring and analysing device (4). |
| 10. | Method for producing ultra fine dry powders by means of an energetic power gas, in which method a solid material to be ground is fluidized into a high pressurized power gas and the such genera ted gas/solid suspension is accelerated through at least two sub stantially opposedly direeted acceleration nozzles into a small grinding chamber (2.3), wherein the solids collide against one another and are ground, the ground gas/solid suspension is classi fied substantially by means of centrifugal forces into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, and the gas/solid suspension of the formed fine fraction is led to a device (5, 6) for separating the gas and the solid material in order to recover a final product, characterized in that separation of the solid material from the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction is carried out by means of a high voltage current in one or more ion jet tubes (5, 6), to which the gas/solid suspension is led at a low speed, whereby the solid particles at the influence of ion jets are forced against the inner walls of the tube (5, 6), to which they are attached, and wherefrom they are easily recovered in exactly limited fractions, and the thus purified power gas, free of solids leaves the tube (5, 6) at the other end, and in order to control each operation of the method the particle size and the fineness of the solid particles of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction are continuously determi ned by an online operating measuring and analysing device (4), the measuring results of which are led to a control unit in order to develope control signals. |
| 11. | Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the separa tion of solid particles of different size, even of nano level size, and of different qualities from the gas takes place in different ion jet tubes (5, 6) or at different points in the ion jet tube or tubes (5, 6) by maintaining different high voltage current fields at these. |
| 12. | Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the opera tion situations of the ion jet tube or tubes (5, 6) are regulated based on results received from continuously carried out measuring and analysing of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction. |
| 13. | Method according to claim 10, characterized in that solid particles are removed from the ion jet tube (5, 6) mechanically or by washing. |
| 14. | Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the purified power gas leaving the ion jet tube or tubes (5, 6) is recirculated directly as feed gas to a compressor or a set of compressors (7, 7.1, 7.2) used to pressurize the power gas, possibly after cooling. |
| 15. | Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the speed of rotation of at least one compressor (7, 7.1, 7.2) pressurizing the power gas is regulated based on measuring signals received from the continuous measuring and analysing of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction. |
| 16. | Method according to claim 10, characterized in that during the classification of the ground gas/solid suspension low pressurized washing air is led to the cyclone type classifier (3) near the out let of the coarse fraction, for rinsing fine particles possibly present in the coarse fraction into the rotating air flow in the cyclone (3) simultaneously as the passage of coarse particles to the outlet of the fine fraction is prevented by an adjustably rotating rotor (3.3) at said outlet of the fine fraction, whereby the feed of washing air as well as the speed of rotation of the rotor (3.3) are regulated based on results received from continuous measuring and analysing of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction. |
| 17. | Method according to any of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the amount of the power gas, the amount of raw material, the amount of washing air to be fed to the classifier (3), the peri pheral speed of the rotor (3.3) of the classifier, the mass of the particles in the grinding chamber (2.3), the currence voltage of the separating device (5, 6) the flowthrough speed of the gas/solid suspension in the separating device (5, 6) and the dosage of addi tives which possibly are to be added to the final product are regu lated based on results received from the measuring and analysing of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction. |
This invention refers to an equipment and a method for producing ultra fine dry powders by means of an energetic power gas. The equipment comprises an opposed jet mill with a feeding device and a classifier in direct pipe contact with the outlet of the mill, in which classifier the ground product will be classified into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction by means of centrifugal forces, said classifier being provided with a separate outlet for each fraction, whereby the outlet of the fine fraction is in direct contact with a device for separating gas and solid material through a discharge channel.
In the method the solid substance to be ground is fluidized in a high pressurized power gas and the formed gas/solid suspension is accelerated through at least two substantially opposedly directed acceleration nozzles into a small grinding chamber, in which the solid products collide with one another and are ground, the ground gas/solid suspension is classified substantially by means of centrifugal forces into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction and the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction formed is led to a device for separating gas and solid material in order to recover the final product.
All industrial fields from medical industry to mine- and building material industry use as raw materials a continuously increasing amount of different types of finely ground or micronized powder like dry products. The micronizing / fine-grinding of these products is nowadays generally carried out in jet mills, in which highly pressurized air or overheated water vapor is generally used as grinding energy. Depending on the final product and the fineness thereof the energy consumption of these grinding and classifying processes is about 100 to 3000 kWh/ton.
At this moment a fine-grinding technique operating according to the opposed jet mill principle is considered to be the most effective and the most economic fine-grinding method. The opposed jet mill technique was developed during the 1980:ies and the 1990:ies substantially by the Finnish company Oy Finnpulva Ab, by means of which technique the energy economy and the grinding effectivity of the fine-grinding have been improved considerably. However, a wider utilization and application of the developed opposed jet mill
technique has been considerably disturbed by the lack of effective - and especially of auxiliary techniques applicable in connection with the opposed jet mill technique and/or their low efficiency and high energy costs.
Previously known micronizing devices and methods are especially affected with the below presented basic problems and shortcomings, which undoubtedly will cause a lot of unnecessary energy consumption and will limit the quality of the final products. Said shortcomings will also considerably limit an effective realization of the basic idea of opposed jet grinding.
In fine-grinding/micronizing an energetic power gas, most oftenly pressurized air, is used as grinding energy. The micronizing devices will need industrial compressor effects ranging from 100 kW to 1000 kW depending upon application. Due to the large separate electrical effect the energy consumption in compressing the power gas and in grinding is generally regulated only by regulating the pressure of the gas. Other regulations have not previously been carried out.
The classification of a product ground in an opposed jet mill as well as the methods and the devices previously used to separate the power gas and the solids from each other, are affected by big tech- nical shortcomings. In the separation of solids and power gas from each other, methods and devices using different kinds of filter fabrics have been utilized, which are affected by often appearing obstruction and efflux problems, as well as of an energy consumption caused by pressure differences and, without no exception, a centri- fugal fan has to be used in all applications of the separation stage in order to develope pressure differences sufficient for the opera- tion of the device. The finer final product is to be produced, the more expensive and more difficult to control will the classification and the separation processes turn to be. In previously used gringing processes, wherein the size of the particles to be treated was not smaller than 5 Am, such a problem did not appear.
The classification is based on centrifugal forces arising as a result of the flow rate of the power gas/solids and of the rate of rotation of the rotor. The controlling of the classification process has been carried out by regulating the rate of rotation of the rotor as well as of the flow rate of the power gas/solids through the
classifier during an initial stage of the classification procedure,- but no continuous regulation has been carried out.
Previously the adjustment and the regulation of the grinding and the classifying processes were only based upon watching the set values of the pressure and the temperature. When a deviation is detected and the situation is not returned the regulation is carried out manually. Such a procedure will cause a huge energy loss and product defects. The amount of power gas is held constant namely all the time and the pressure is adjusted by changing the amount of solids fed to the acceleration nozzles or possibly by blowing a part of the power gas past the grinder. Hereby also the gas/solid ratio, which is essentially important to the grinding, will also be changed, which cannot be acceptable.
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above mentioned problems. This is achieved by an equipment, which is characterized in that the device for separating gas and solids from each other comprises at least one ion jet tube with a concentrically extending high voltage electrode provided with a large number of radial ion jet tips, whereby the solid particles of the gas solid suspension led at a low speed through the ion jet tube are attached to the inner walls of the tube at the influence of ion jets deve- loped by the ion jet tips, from which walls the particles are easily recoverable in exactly limited fractions, and the purified power gas is arranged to discharge from the opposite end of the ion jet tube, and that in order to control the operation of the equipment an on- line operating measuring and analysing device, coupled to a control unit of the equipment, is mounted into the discharge channel for the fine fraction in order to determine the particle size and the fine- ness of the solid particles of the gas-solid suspension flowing through the discharge chanel.
The method according to the invention is characterized in that separation of the solid material from the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction is carried out by means of a high voltage current in one or more ion jet tubes, to which the gas/solid suspension is led at a low speed, whereby the solid particles at the influence of ion jets are forced against the inner walls of the tube, to which they are attached, and wherefrom they are easily recovered in exactly limited fractions, and the thus purified power gas, free of solids leaves the tube at the other end, and in order to control each operation of the method the particle size and the fineness of
the solid particles of the gas/solid suspension of the fine fraction are continuously determined by an on-line operating measuring and analysing device, the measuring results of which are led to a control unit in order to develope control signals.
By means of the invention the energy economy and the efficiency of the fine-grinding can be considerably improved, the environmental load can be decreased, and special products with a higher fineness than earlier can be produced, e.g. a product having a fineness of even a nano level. By means of this invention the energy consumption of a fine-grinding and a micronizing process can, depending upon the application, be decreased to about 30 to 50 % from the values of earlier applications.
Further features of the invention will appear from the attached dependent claims.
Below the invention will be described more in detail, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein figures 1 to 3 disclose shematically three embodiments of an equipment of the invention, provided with partially enlarged sections of the opposed jet mill, of the measuring and analysing device and of the ion jet tube.
The material to be ground/micronized is fed from a feeding tank 1 of the equipment for instance by means of a screw feeder or a lock feeder 1.1 to a supply hopper 1.2 at the top of a double valve feeder 2.1 operating as a feeder device of an equalizing tank 2 of an opposed jet mill. From the supply hopper the material is fed by means of the double valve feeder 2.1 in portions to the equalizing tank 2, wherein a static pressure required for the gringing is maintained. By means of a screw feeder or a rotor the material is transposed from the equalizing tank 2 into a flowing, energetic power gas, developed in a compressor device 7, 7.1 and 7.2 in order to form a suspension of the gas and the solid particles. The sus- pension of the gas and the solid particles is led through a dividing device 2.2 and at least two substantially opposedly directed accele- ration nozzles into a small grinding chamber 2.3, wherein the par- ticles to be ground collide against one another and are crushed- /ground almost autogenically. In the grinding chamber a slight superpressure is maintained, said chamber being in direct pipe contact with a dynamically operetin cyclone-rotor classifier 3 of
the equipment. The gas suspension of the ground material is fed to the cyclone-rotor classifier 3 through a special spiral part, in order to equalize the flow of the gas-solid suspension with respect to a rotor portion 3.3 of the classifier. In the cyclone-rotor classifier 3 the ground material is classified by means of centri- fugal forces into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction. The coarse fraction is removed through a double valve feeder 3.1 mounted at a lower end of a conical part of said cyclone-rotor classifier. In the shown embodiment the coarse fraction is recycled to the hopper 1.2 of the opposed jet mill for regrinding, but in some cases the coarse fraction can be recovered as a separate final product. The fine fraction discharges as a gas-solid suspension through the rotor por- tion 3.3 at the top of the classifier into a discharge channel 3.5.
The fine fraction is led through the discharge channel 3.5 to a device 5, 6 for separating the power gas and the solid particles from each other, in order to recover a final product.
According to the invention the device for separating gas and solids from each other comprises at least one ion jet tube 5 having a con- centrically extending electrode 5.4 provided with a large number of radial ion jet tips 5.6, to which electrode a very high direct- current voltage is fed. The gas-solid suspension of the fine frac- tion is led at a low speed through the ion jet tube 5, 6, whereby the solid particles influenced by ion jets are forced against the inner walls of the ion jet tube 5, 6, to which walls they are attached, and the thus purified power gas, free of solid particles, discharges from the opposite end of the tube 5, 6. The solid partic- les are easily removable from the walls of the ion jet tube 5, 6 in some cases by utilizing gravitation forces only, but the tube may also be provided with a mechanical cleanser, a vibrator or washing dyes. The solid particles will preferably discharge through a double valve 5.1, 6.1 at the lower end of the tube into recovery tanks 5.2 and 5.3 as well as 6.2, if the tube is vertical or possibly by means of a screw conveyor or conveyors if the tube is horisontal. From the horisontal tube the separated solid material can be removed at different points and in different qualities by means of screw conveyors.
To the equipment can several ion jet tubes be connected parallel and/or in series, if required, whereby the electric fields and voltages of each tube can be separately adjusted so that from different tubes different products or products of different quality are received. Thus the equipment can also be used for further frac-
tioning of the the fine fraction. Control signals for different control parameters of the ion jet tubes can be based on measuring signals sent by a measuring and analysing device. The voltage of current necessary for developing the ion jets is preferably ranging from 50 to 200 kV and the intensity of current is only a few milli- amperes. The voltage range is chosen from case to case. The product fractions of different finenesses separated from the equipment can be removed either as dry powders or as sludges, and some fraction can be recycled for instance to the grinding unit for a new treatment.
In the embodiment according to fig. 1 the separating device 5 com- prises four parallelly coupled ion jet tubes 5, in which two diffe- rent kinds of products are aimed to be recovered from the fine frac- tion into a tank 5.3 and a tank 5.2, respectively. The purified power gas, free from solid particles is led through a common gas removing pipe 5.5 directly to a compressor or a compressor group 7, 7.1, 7.2, used to pressurize the power gas of the equipment. In the embodiments disclosed in figures 2 and 3 the separating device fur- ther comprises an accessory unit 6 connected in series to the ion jet tubes 5, in order to make sure that the discharged air is really pure or to further classify the fine fraction. In said unit the flowing rate of the gas can be decreased, wherby the power gas will become almost absolutely pure and often a very valuable solid mate- rial, having a nano level fineness. can be recovered through double valves 6.1, muonted under the accessory unit 6 into a product tank 6.2.
According to the invention an on-line operating measuring and ana- lysing device 4 is provided to determine the particle size and the fineness of the solid particles in the gas-solid suspension flowing through the discharge channel 3.5 in order to regulate different operations of the equipment. The measuring signals developed by the measuring and analysing device 4 are led to a control unit of the equipment, which unit, based on these signals is arranged to deve- lope control signals for different operations of the equipment.
The measuring and analysing device 4 is preferably mounted into a branch tube extending parallel to the discharge channel of the fine fraction and provided with an ejector pump 4.1, which branch pipe downstreams the measuring and analysing device 4 again will join the discharge channel 3.5. By means of a pressure difference developed by the ejector pump 4.1 a representative partial flow of the gas-
solid fraction flowing through the discharge channel 3.5 is drawn into the measuring and analysing device 4. At the same time the gas- solid suspension can, when required, be diluted to a correct level for the measuring operation.
The measuring and analysing device 4 comprises preferably a unit, the operation of which is based on scattering of a laser beam i.e.
laser diffractiometry, for defining the amount of the coarser particles in the final product and the average particle size thereof, as well as a unit, the operation of which is based on the doppler effect of the particles, for defining the amount of the small and the ultra fine particles in the final product and the specific surface of the final product.
In the solution according to figure 2 the purified power gas is led, as in figure 1, to the compressor group 7, 7.1, 7.2, however not un- til it has been cooled in a cooling unit 7.5, whereby the power gas is in a closed cirqiut, and special purification and treatment of any feed air can be avoided. Hereby i.e. the aromas of aromatic materials are preserved in the process and will not escape with a changing power gas.
In the solution according to figure 3 the purified warm power gas is led through a channel 6.3 to other purposes, such as heating or drying.
Preferably new or recyclable power gas is pressurized in compressor units 7, 7.1, 7.2 operating parallelly, of which at least one unit is provided with a regulation system for the rate of rotation i.e.
the air yield, such as an inverter. The operation of the said ad- justable compressor unit/units is regulated by control signals deve- loped based on measuring signals from the measuring and analysing device 4, at the same time as the other compressors are arranged to operate at a constant rate of rotation and yield at their optimal operating point. In this way the energy amount to be used for the development of the power gas can be optimized as required by the micronizing process. The power gas, pressurized by the compressor group, can if necessary be cooled in a cooling unit 7,4.
At the lower end of the conical part of the cyclone-rotor classifier 3 of the equipment washing air nozzles are arranged, to which low pressure washing air is fed through a feed connection 3.2. By means of the washing air the amount of the fine fraction, discharging from
the classifier 3 through the double valve feeder 3.1 together with - the coarse fraction, can be regulated. The amount of superlarge-or coarse granules in the fine fraction can be adjusted by regulating the periphery speed of the rotor 3.3 of the classifier. Both the feed of the washing air and the periphery speed of the rotor can advantageusly be regulated by means of control signals developed by the control unit based upon measuring signals received from the measuring and analysing device 4.
The on-line operable measuring and analysing device 4 according to the invention can thus be used for instance for regulating the amount of the power gas, for regulating the amount of the raw mate- rial, for regulating the amount of the washing air to be fed to the classifier, for regulating the periphery speed of the rotor in the classifier, for regulating the mass of the particles in the grinding chamber, for regulating the electrical voltage of the separating device, for regulating the flow-through rate of the gas/solid sus- pension in the separating device and for regulating the dosage of additives to the final product. The most econimical way of changing the speed of the particles to be ground in the acceleration nozzles is to regulate the amount of power gas and the solids based upon obtainable on-line analytical data of the quality of the final product.
At special occasions and in some applications it may be preferable to connect a mechanical filter or a washer to the gas removing channel 5.5 for the power gas leaving the ion jet tube 5 and/or 6.
Such a solution I necessary for instance during a sudden current interruption or in a case where the power gas has been in contact with chemically active particles.
Because the ion jets will change the electrical surface charges of the solid particles, said fenomena can be utilized during further processing of the micronized material. For instance particles of minerals, having natural hydrophobic properties, which particles are used in the paper manufacturing industry, will be changed to hydro- philic by the influence of ion jets. Hereby a micronized mineral powder of this type can be sludged to a high solid content without further energy use and the stability of the sludge will remain good without considerable use of special chemicals. The sludging can be carried out as a continuous purifying/washing operation of the sepa- rating device, because the amount, the quality and the flow rate of the solid material are known constant values.
By means of the present invention ultra fine powders can be produced considerably more effectively and economically than before from dif- ferent dry and moist raw materials, when the final products have a D98 particle size of 0,3ism to 150µm, and an average or D50 particle size of O,Olzm to 30clam.
The developed equipment and method can very well be used in separa- ting, enriching and dry enriching of different types of e.g. mine- rals, metals and organic materials as well as in the production of crystal seed used by different industrial areas. The method will also make it possible to produce final products having a finer particle size than previously, i.e. at the nano level from solid raw materials.
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