COMPLETION SYSTEMS

BACKGROUND

[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to multilateral completion systems and, in particular, to junctions used therein. Multilateral completion systems are tools available in the oil and gas industry used for the development and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs in multilateral wellbores. Lateral boreholes are developed off of the single main borehole so that casing or production tubing can be positioned therein and tied together. Current methods of setting the casing or tubing require either a separate cement operation, liner hanger equipment, or expensive completion equipment to securely tie the casing and/or tubing together and isolate the lateral and main boreholes. These can be complex, time consuming, and laborious methods, which can incur a lot of additional costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the detailed description along with the accompanying figures in which corresponding numerals in the different figures refer to corresponding parts and in which:

[0003] FIG. 1A and IB are two illustrated examples of TAML level’s 5 and 6 multilateral completion systems, in accordance with certain example embodiments; [0004] FIG. 2A and 2B are illustrations of a junction and a metal sealant before hydration and metal sealant after hydration, in accordance with certain example embodiments; and

[0005] FIG. 3 is an illustration of an alternative application of a metal sealant with a lateral junction, in accordance with certain example embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0006] While the making and using of various embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure provides many applicable inventive concepts, which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative and do not delimit the scope of the present disclosure. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation may be described in the present disclosure. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer’s specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0007] The application disclosure details a low cost method, device, and system to create a TAML level 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or any type of junction for multi-lateral completion systems. The device can be used to anchor/isolate casing and/or production tubing in a lateral without the need to run a separate cement job, or use any type of liner system. A metal solid solution is presented that has been tested and shown to expand its dimensions and hold significant pressure differentials after being exposed to water. As such, the expanding metal can be used to anchor and seal casing and production tubing. The expanding metal can be applied as an external tube or sleeve on the outside of the lateral tubing or casing. Once lateral tubing is in position and the metal sealant reacts with brine, the metal sealant will begin to increase in volume and form a metal hydroxide (or metal hydrate). This metal hydroxide will lock together and form a solid seal (as proven in research lab testing to over 7,000 psi differential per foot of length). After reaction is completed, a separate mill run can be used to cut the lateral tubing flush with the main bore. [0008] Referring now to Fig. 1A and IB, illustrated are two examples of level 5 and level 6 multilateral completion systems, denoted generally and respectively as 20 and 40, in accordance with certain example embodiments. The level 5 system 20 includes downhole vertical and lateral casing 22v, 221, downhole vertical and lateral production tubing 24v, 241, and surface level development and production tools. The level 6 system 40 includes downhole vertical and lateral casing 42v, 42-11, and 42-21, downhole vertical production tubing 44- lv, 44-21, and surface level development and production tools. Both level 5 and level 6 systems are considered advanced wellbore system that offer greater structural integrity and pressure control than other, simpler designs. Due to complexity and possible limitations in production levels, the level 6 system is often considered a less viable option. Regardless, both systems are considered complex and expensive systems. However, the metal sealant presented herein and its application thereof, can significantly reduce the complexity and cost associated with level 5 and level 6 systems as well as provide the structural integrity and the pressure required for such advanced systems. It should be understood that obviously level 5 and level 6 systems are not the only systems that the metal sealant is applicable. The junction described herein can be used in many downhole applications where the use of junction technology is needed.

[0009] The level 5 system 20 and level 6 system 40 include a runner and tool system 26 for running a tools, casing, and tubing downhole through a wellhead 28. The running tool system 26 can be used to position a junction 28 during the development process. In an embodiment, the junction 28 includes an outer sleeve made of the metal sealant capable of setting the junction 28 so as to securely interface the vertical and lateral production tubing 24 or vertical production tubing 44-1 and 44-2. In either case, the metal sealant swells around the area of the junction 28 to create a seal with an interface after being exposed to water or similar fluid. Furthermore, properties of the metal sealant cause the hydrated junction 28 with expanding metal to act as an anchor. A pump station 30 is used to draw fluid through vertical and lateral perforations formed in the downhole formations after completion. [0010] Referring now to Fig. 2A and 2B, illustrated are junction 28 and an expanding metal sealant 50B (before hydration) and expanding metal sealant 50A (after hydration), in accordance with certain example embodiments. Alternatively, the expanding metal sealant can be described as expanding in a cement like material that seals and anchors an interface. In other words, the metal goes from metal to micron-scale particles and then these particles are compressed together to, in essence, make an anchor.

[0011] Referring now to Fig. 2A and 2B, illustrated are junction 28 and a metal sealant 50B (before hydration) and metal sealant 50A (after hydration), in accordance with certain example embodiments. Alternatively, the metal sealant can be described as expanding in a cement like material that seals and anchors an interface. In other words, the metal goes from metal to micron- scale particles and then these particles lock together to, in essence, make an anchor. The reaction occurs in less than 30 days once in a reactive fluid and in downhole temperatures. The metal, pre expansion, is electrically conductive. The metal can be machined to size/shape, extruded, formed, cast or other conventional ways to get the desired shape of a metal. Metal, pre-expansion, is electrically conductive. Metal, pre-expansion, has a yield strength greater than about 8,000 psi, i.e. 8,000 psi +/- 50%. The metal has a minimum dimension greater than about 0.05 inches.

[0012] The hydrolysis of any metal can create a metal hydroxide. The formative properties of alkaline earth metals (Mg - Magnesium, Ca - Calcium, etc) and transition metals (Zn - Zinc, A1 - Aluminum, etc) under hydrolysis reactions demonstrate structural characteristics that are favorable level 5 and level 6 multilateral completion systems. Hydration results in an increase in size from the hydration reaction and results in a metal hydroxide that can precipitate from the fluid.

[0013] The hydration reactions for magnesium is:

Mg + 2H2O -> Mg(OH) ₂ + H ₂ , Where Mg(OH)2 is also known as brucite. Another hydration reaction uses aluminum hydrolysis. The reaction forms a material known as Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite, depending on form. The hydration reaction for aluminum is:

A1 + 3H2O -> Al(OH) ₃ + 3/2 H ₂ . Another hydration reactions uses calcium hydrolysis. The hydration reaction for calcium is:

Ca + 2H ₂ 0 -> Ca(OH) ₂ + H ₂ ,

Where Ca(OH) ₂ is known as portlandite and is a common hydrolysis product of Portland cement. Magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are considered to be relatively insoluble in water. Aluminum hydroxide can be considered an amphoteric hydroxide which has solubility in strong acids or in strong bases.

[0014] In an embodiment, the metallic material used can be a metal alloy. The metal alloy can be an alloy of the base metal with other elements in order to either adjust the strength of the metal alloy, to adjust the reaction time of the metal alloy, or to adjust the strength of the resulting metal hydroxide byproduct. The metal alloy can be alloyed with elements that enhance the strength of the metal such as, but not limited to, A1 - Aluminum, Zn - Zinc, Mn - Manganese, Zr - Zirconium, Y - Yttrium, Nd - Neodymium, Gd - Gadolinium, Ag - Silver, Ca - Calcium, Sn - Tin, and Re - Rhenium, Cu - Copper, . In some embodiments, the alloy can be alloyed with a dopant that promotes corrosion, such as Ni - Nickel, Fe - Iron, Cu - Copper, Co - Cobalt, Ir - Iridium, Au - Gold, C - Carbon, gallium, indium, mercury, bismuth, tin, and Pd - Palladium. The metal alloy can be constructed in a solid solution process where the elements are combined with molten metal or metal alloy. Alternatively, the metal alloy could be constructed with a powder metallurgy process. The metal can be cast, forged, extruded, or a combination thereof.

[0015] Optionally, non-expanding components can be added to the starting metallic materials.

For example, ceramic, elastomer, glass, or non-reacting metal components can be embedded in the expanding metal or coated on the surface of the metal. Alternatively, the starting metal may be the metal oxide. For example, calcium oxide (CaO) with water will produce calcium hydroxide in an energetic reaction. Due to the higher density of calcium oxide, this can have a 260% volumetric expansion where converting 1 mole of CaO goes from 9.5cc to 34.4cc of volume. In one variation, the expanding metal is formed in a serpentinite reaction, a hydration and metamorphic reaction. In one variation, the resultant material resembles a mafic material. Additional ions can be added to the reaction, including silicate, sulfate, aluminate, phosphate. The metal can be alloyed to increase the reactivity or to control the formation of oxides.

[0016] Referring now to Fig. 3, illustrated is an alternative application of expanding metal sealant 50 with junction 28, in accordance with certain example embodiments. Expnding metal sealant 50 can be configured in many different fashions, as long as an adequate volume of material is available for swelling. It can be a single long tube, multiple short tubes, and/or rings. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the junction 28 includes alternating metal sealant 50 and steel. The junction 28 can include multiple instances of expanding metal sealant 50 of any length and varying lengths with conventional steel rings populated thereabout to help stabilize and/or protect the expanding metal during running.

[0017] The example systems, methods, and acts described in the embodiments presented previously are illustrative, and, in alternative embodiments, certain acts can be performed in a different order, in parallel with one another, omitted entirely, and/or combined between different example embodiments, and/or certain additional acts can be performed, without departing from the scope and spirit of various embodiments. Accordingly, such alternative embodiments are included in the description herein.

[0018] As used herein, the singular forms“a”,“an” and“the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms“comprises” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, phrases such as “between X and Y” and“between about X and Y” should be interpreted to include X and Y. As used herein, phrases such as“between about X and Y” mean“between about X and about Y.” As used herein, phrases such as“from about X to Y” mean“from about X to about Y.”

[0019] The above-disclosed embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the disclosure, but the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the forms disclosed. Many insubstantial modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The scope of the claims is intended to broadly cover the disclosed embodiments and any such modification. Further, the following clauses represent additional embodiments of the disclosure and should be considered within the scope of the disclosure: [0020] Clause 1, a junction for use in a multilateral completion system, the junction comprising: a metal sealant applicable to a lateral component; wherein the metal sealant is configured to expand in response to hydrolysis; wherein the lateral component and the metal sealant are configured to form a seal or to form an anchor with an oilfield tubular of the multilateral completion system in response to hydrolysis; [0021] Clause 2 the junction of clause 1 wherein hydrolysis forms a metal hydroxide structure;

[0022] Clause 3, the junction of clause 1 wherein the metal is configured to expand in response to one of an alkaline earth metal hydrolysis and a transition metal hydrolysis; [0023] Clause 4, the junction of clause 1 wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to one of magnesium hydrolysis, aluminum hydrolysis, calcium hydrolysis, and calcium oxide hydrolysis;

[0024] Clause 5, the junction of clause 4 wherein hydrolysis forms a structure comprising one of a Brucite, Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite;

[0025] Clause 6, the junction of clause 1 wherein the metal sealant is a magnesium alloy or a magnesium alloy alloyed with at least one of Al, Zn, Mn, Zr, Y, Nd, Gd, Ag, Ca, Sn, and Re;

[0026] Clause 7, the junction of clause 6 wherein the magnesium alloy is alloyed with at least one of Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Ir, Au, and Pd; [0027] Clause 8, a multilateral completion system comprising: a well casing or tubing; a lateral component in fluid communication with the well casing; a metal sealant applied to the lateral component; wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to hydrolysis; wherein the lateral component and metal sealant are configured to form a seal or an anchor with a well casing or tubing of the multilateral completion system in response to hydrolysis;

[0028] Clause 9, the multilateral completion system of clause 8 wherein hydrolysis forms a metal hydroxide structure;

[0029] Clause 10, the multilateral completion system of clause 8 wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to one of an alkaline earth metal hydrolysis and a transition metal hydrolysis;

[0030] Clause 11, the multilateral completion system of clause 8 wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to one of magnesium hydrolysis, aluminum hydrolysis, calcium hydrolysis, and calcium oxide hydrolysis; [0031] Clause 12, the multilateral completion system of clause 11 wherein hydrolysis forms a structure comprising one of a Brucite, Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite;

[0032] Clause 13, the multilateral completion system of clause 8 wherein the metal sealant is a magnesium alloy or a magnesium alloy alloyed with at least one of Al, Zn, Mn, Zr, Y, Nd, Gd, Ag, Ca, Sn, and Re;

[0033] Clause 14, the multilateral completion system of clause 13 wherein the magnesium alloy is alloyed with at least one of Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Ir, Au, and Pd;

[0034] Clause 15, a method of using a junction within a multilateral completion system, the method comprising: applying a metal sealant to a lateral component; positioning the lateral component in fluid communication with a well casing; wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to hydrolysis; wherein the lateral component and metal sealant form a seal and an anchor with a well casing or tubing of the multilateral completion system in response to hydrolysis;

[0035] Clause 16, the method of clause 15 wherein hydrolysis forms a metal hydroxide structure;

[0036] Clause 17, the method of clause 15 wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to one of an alkaline earth metal hydrolysis and a transition metal hydrolysis;

[0037] Clause 18, the method of clause 15 wherein the metal sealant is configured to change radial dimension in response to one of magnesium hydrolysis, aluminum hydrolysis, calcium hydrolysis, and calcium oxide hydrolysis;

[0038] Clause 19, the method of clause 18 wherein hydrolysis forms a structure comprising one of a Brucite, Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite; and [0039] Clause 20, the method of clause 15 wherein the metal sealant is a magnesium alloy or a magnesium alloy alloyed with at least one of Al, Zn, Mn, Zr, Y, Nd, Gd, Ag, Ca, Sn, and Re.

[0040] The foregoing description of embodiments of the disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principals of the disclosure and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Such modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is, therefore, intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.