FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to water, flood and drainage system to mitigate excess water, storm water or flood water from causing flood during wet seasons or stormy days.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent decades, flooding of cities has become more apparent due to extreme weather conditions and ongoing city developments. For example, irregular patterns of the El Nino and La Nina phenomena (deviations from normal surface temperatures— El Nino is the warm phase, whereas La Nina is the cold phase— having large-scale impacts on ocean processes and global climate) have brought about droughts in certain regions and storms in other regions of the world. Under circumstances when storm events occur and the tides are high, excess water cannot be discharged into the sea by the river and existing types of drainage culverts as the backflow caused by the sea current is strong. Areas of extended river mouth due to land reclamation are especially susceptible to flood. This is due to the flow rate reduction of river caused by extending length of river with gentle gradient to the sea due to land reclamation activities near river mouth or formation of narrow and shallow straits between land and reclaimed land causing reduction in discharge rate of river and reduction of sea bed depth. Such situation worsens when the wind are strong, especially in the evening, due to the direction of land breeze that is blowing from the sea towards inland, creating high waves, forcing sea water to inland and drastic reduction in river discharge capacity into the sea.

Current flood mitigation measures generally involve the construction of monsoon drain, floodwall, floodgate, weir or dam based on ecological suitability and the characteristics of, for example, river, where overflows are prone to cause floods. Monsoon drains are enlarged drains with high water holding capacity to divert water from flood-prone lands to flood free areas. Floodwall and floodgate are defence structures to prevent large volumes of rainwater or water from overflowing dam, river or lake from flooding the city. Weirs are constructed to alter the flow path of a river or channel. It causes an increase in the water depth as the water flows over the weir with greater or reduced flow rate. Dam serves as a barrier to stop or restrict the flow of water. As a result, it creates reservoirs that suppress floods and provide water for human activities. Sometimes, rivers are dug deeper to increase their water holding capacity.

Despite having the structures discussed above, certain inland areas are still prone to flooding during wet seasons, especially when the downpours are heavy. This is because the structures do not directly mitigate excess rainwater or overflows along existing river or drain paths. As such, additional water management structures that can hold water and divert large volumes of excess water are needed to directly address the flood issues in highly susceptible areas.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention features system for flood water or water flow mitigation, comprising: at least one aqueduct or channel having a first section linking a river, lake, reservoir, water retention pond or dam to another section linked to another lake, reservoir, storage tank or sea, characterized in that the first section are positioned at higher than the other section, and the aqueducts or channel are configured to be placed above ground level or extend upward from sides of river or existing drain, such that invert levels of the aqueducts or drains are higher than sea levels during high tide flooding or sea level increases. Preferably, the aqueducts or drains are elevated above ground level using bridge like structures. Preferably, the bridge-like structure is supported by pillars, single piers or double piers.

Preferably, the aqueducts or drains are constructed along or across the path of river, drain or lake, or along road, highways and developed areas, or across mountain/hill using bypass tunnel integration.

Preferably, the aqueducts or drains extend upward from sides of river or existing drain as a free standing wall, dyke or bund to increase the water holding capacity of the river or drain.

Preferably, the upward extension includes additional channel to divert away overflowing water or storing the water, where the water can be used for irrigating, ground water recharging or water supply.

Preferably, the water is pumped from lake, river, retention pond, flood areas or storage tank via diversion culverts (aqua arteries) into the aqueduct system using a plurality of pumps. Preferably aqueducts are used in combination of flood diversion tunnels or diversion culverts (aqua arteries).

Preferably, the aqueducts or drains have multiple decks. Preferably, multiple decks are used for water flow and as motorway, boating and recreational activities.

Further, a floodgate, dam or weirs are constructed at river mouth to channel water to aqueduct with increase invert levels to discharge water flow directly into the sea, at a higher level than high tide level.

Another embodiment of the invention is a method for mitigation flood water or water flow, comprising steps of: linking a first section of at least one aqueduct or channel to a river, lake, reservoir, water retention pond or dam and another section linked to another lake, reservoir, storage tank or sea, characterized in that, positioning the first section higher than the other section, and placing the aqueducts or channel to be above ground level or extend upward from sides of river or existing drain, such that invert levels of the aqueducts or drains are higher than sea levels during high tide flooding or sea level increases.

The present invention consists of features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that various changes in the details may be made without departing from the scope of the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To further clarify various aspects of some embodiments of the present invention, more particular description of the invention will be rendered by references to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is an illustration showing the aqueduct system connecting upstream river or dam to (A) the sea, or (B) a lake, retention pond or storage tank where the sea is far from inland.

Figure 2 illustrates the utilization of water pump to pump water from nearby development or pond into the aqueduct system.

Figure 3 illustrates the aqueduct constructed as bridge-like structure over the river path. The aqueduct can be used as (Figure 3A, 3C) motorway or aqua rail-network alongside culverts that divert water, or diversion culverts (aqua arteries) or (Figure 3B, 3C) water channel as a whole. Figure 4 illustrates the aqueduct constructed as bridge-like structure along the river sides. The aqueduct is supported by single piers or double piers along its body.

Figure 5 is an illustration of large culverts used as aqueducts along the river sides. The culverts are constructed on the ground (Figure 5A) or elevated by bridge-like structures (Figure 5B) that are supported by single or double piers.

Figure 6 illustrates the embankments or walls or dykes having constructed along both sides of the river to increase water holding capacity of the river while having aqueducts with concave or inverted trapezoid surface along the embankments to divert overflowing water.

Figure 7 illustrates the location of aqueducts on the ground beside the river as upward extensions drains above the ground level to increase the water holding capacity of the river combined with the drains.

Figure 8 illustrates the aqueduct system constructed with multiple decks to allow for concurrent traffic flow at the upper deck and water flow at the lower deck, allow water flow as a whole, or traffic flow at all decks.

Figure 9 is an illustration of the aqueduct system used as transport facility when the water is deep enough for vessels or boats to pass through.

Figure 10 illustrates an installation of dry dams or weir with flood gates across the sections of river or river mouth, and embankments or dykes along both sides of the river to with aqueducts on either sides or single side.

The Figure 1 1 , illustrates the installation of aqueducts with the increase of the river level.

Figure 12 is an illustration of the aqueduct at mid of road/or side of road/highway, in urban or rural site. Figure 13 is an illustration of aqueduct going across or along develop site as residential or city.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention introduces a flood mitigation system based on integrated, multifunctional aqueduct structures. An elevated aqueduct system captures water higher grounds so that the water are directed and discharged into the sea or other water retention areas. As a whole, the elevation of the aqueduct must be above high tide levels to allow unidirectional flow of water from land to sea in order to avoid floods or back flow of water. As shown in Figure 1 A, the intake of water into the aqueduct system (100) starts at river source at higher ground (200), by constructing dams or weir (1 ) to raise water levels into the aqueduct, or by channelling water via diversion tunnels through mountains or hills (300) to divert lake or river water directly into the aqueducts. The dam (1 ), could be an existing dam, a diversion dam or weir, or a dry dam. Dry dam is constructed to only retain flood water in the event of storm or heavy rainfall. Weir also can be constructed to divert and raise water invert levels into aqueducts. The intake of water also starts at a water retention pond, lake or river (400). The aqueduct system (100) is elevated above ground or located on the ground and extends along the path of an existing river or channel (400) or any other suitable route during which the aqueduct (100) may branch away, until reaching the sea (500), where the water is discharged above high tide level (16). Where the sea is too far from inland, the aqueduct system directs the water into a lake, reservoir or retention pond (600) as shown in Figure 1 B. To facilitate water intake, a plurality of pumps (2) is installed at certain areas to pump water from a retention pond, diversion culverts (aqua arteries), lake or river (420) into the aqueduct system (100), as shown in Figure 2. The pumps (2) may be electrically, hydraulically or manually powered. The pumps (2) may be automatically activated when the water rises above a certain level.

In one embodiment, the aqueduct system (100) is installed parallel and over the river path as elevated, large bridge-like structures (3). The bridge-like structures have open top. In such configuration, the aqueduct may serve as a motorway (4) alongside large culverts (5) that are used to divert large and moderate volumes of flowing water (14), as shown in Figures 3A. Alternatively, the whole of the aqueduct is used to divert large volumes of water, as shown in Figures 3B & 3C. When installed over the course of the river, the bridge-like structures are supported by pillars (6) at both sides of the river. The bridge-like structures (3) of the aqueducts (100) are supported by single piers (7) or double piers (8), as shown in Figure 4, beams and/or suspension cables.

In another embodiment as shown in Figure 5A, the aqueduct system (100) is configured as large culverts (5) that are constructed at both sides of the river (river banks) to allow intake of overflowing water from the river and create diversion of water via the aqueduct. Alternatively, the culverts (5) are held by bridge-like structures (3), as shown in Figure 5B or suspension cables. The bridge-like structures (3) are elevated and supported by single piers (7) or double piers (8), beams and/or suspension cables. The aqueduct system (100) is elevated above ground or located on the ground and extends along the path of an existing river or channel (400).

In another embodiment as shown in Figure 6, the aqueduct system (100) is constructed in the form of free standing walls or reinforced embankment or dyke

(9). On one side of the wall facing the river, the standing wall extends from the river bank to increase the water holding capacity of the overflow river or storm water (410). On the other side of the wall facing away from the river, the wall is constructed in a concave or inverted trapezoid form (10) having open top along the river banks. Upon overflow of the maximum water level, the concave or inverted trapezoid structure (10) of the aqueduct serves as additional water channel to contain and divert the excess water. Where required, thicker wall (1 1 ) along the aqueduct system is constructed near the invert levels to support higher water pressures, while thinner wall (12) is constructed near the surface levels to support lower water pressures. Additional support structures (20) may be installed to reinforce the wall. The free standing walls or reinforced embankments or dyke (100) can be constructed using well-compacted earth or rockfill using geosynthetic reinforcements, such as geogrids, high strength reinforcement or steel tendons with or without anchor blocks. The aqueduct system (100) is elevated above ground or located on the ground and extends along the path of an existing river or channel (400). In any configuration of the aqueduct system (100) installed along or branched from the river banks, the invert levels (13) of the aqueduct system (100) are higher than the high tide levels of the sea to ensure higher potential energy for the flow of water (14) from the aqueduct to the sea (500), as shown in Figure 7. The aqueduct system (100) is built as upward extensions of river or monsoon drain above the ground level at both sides of the river or monsoon drain to increase the water holding capacity of the river combined with the drains. The extensions may be constructed as standing wall, embankment, dyke or bund (9). Apart from being diverted into sea (500), excess/flood water and water taken in from nearby development or retention ponds are diverted to a plurality of water holding systems comprising of lakes or larger retention ponds (600) for use as irrigation, household activities, drinking water source or groundwater recharging.

Additionally, the aqueduct system (100) can be constructed in the multiple layers or decks to facilitate concurrent traffic flow and water flow, as shown in Figure 8. The lower deck is used for water flow (14), while the upper deck is used as motorway (4) or aqua railway, as shown in Figure 8A. In the occurrence of very large amount of excess water, the upper deck can also be used for water flow (14), as shown in Figure 8B. Alternatively, all decks can be used as motorway or aqua railway during normal days, as shown in Figure 8C.

In addition to traffic and water diversion, aqueducts containing water deep enough for vessels or boats (15) to pass through are navigable and may be used for boating transport and recreational facilities on normal days, as shown in Figure 9. The installation of aqueducts (100) near rivers, water retention ponds, lakes and/or flood-prone areas (400) enables immediate diversion of water to prevent floods. Branches along the aqueduct system may be constructed to form bypass routes, where possible, to allow quick discharge (16) of water into the sea (500), and/or another lake, retention pond or storage tank (600).

In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, dry dams or weir (1 ) is installed with flood gates (17) at the river mouth or along the river to re-route the flood water to aqueducts (100) formed by the installation of additional embankments or dykes (9) if required in order to elevate the invert levels above high tide levels. Additionally, the existing river bank (18) is widened to a new width (19) to increase the water holding capacity of the river. The purpose of the flood gate installed at the river mouth is to prevent intrusion of sea water when the tide is high (A). Preferably, when the tide is normal (B) and low (C) the flood gates will be open, however when the tide is high (A), the flood gates will be closed or blocked and the structure will behave like a weir with aqueducts installed at both sides to capture the over flowing (100) water and discharge into the sea with invert level higher than high tide (A).

The Figure 1 1 , illustrates the existing river bank as shown in Figure 10 having aqueducts (100) with the increase of the river level or when overflowing, when the flood gates are in closed condition. In another embodiment, the Figure 12 illustrates the aqueduct installation method at mid of road/or side of road/highway, in urban or rural side. When installed near the course of the road/or side of road/highway, the bridge-like structures are supported by pillars (6) at both sides of the river. The bridge-like structures (3) of the aqueducts (100) are supported by single piers (7) or double piers (8), as also shown in Figure 4, beams and/or suspension cables.

In another embodiment, the Figure 13 illustrates the aqueduct method of installation going across or along develop site such as residential or city. When installed near the course of the develop site such as residential or city, the bridge-like structures are supported by pillars (6) at both sides of the river. The bridge-like structures (3) of the aqueducts (100) are supported by single piers (7) or double piers (8), as also shown in Figure 4, beams and/or suspension cables. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore indicated by the appended claims and the description given. All changes, which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims, are to be embraced within their scope.