FEEDBACK OF CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION FOR

MIMO AND SUBBAND SCHEDULING IN A WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

fOOOlj The present application claims priority to provisional U S. Application Scπal No. 60/786,445, entitled ~A CHANNEL STATE FEEDBACK FOR DOWNLINK MIMO-OFDMA SUB-BAND SCl]KDUUNG," filed March 27, 2006. assigned to the assignee hereof and incorporated herein by reference,

BACKGROUND

L Field

J0Oθ2} The present disclosure relates generally to communication, and more specifically to techniques for sending channel state information.

IL Background

[θ003] in a wireless communication system, a base station may utilize multiple (T) transmit antennas for data transmission TO a teimlnai equipped w ith multiple (R) receive antennas. The multiple transmit and receive antennas form a multiple-input multiple- output (MlMO) channel that may be used to increase throughput and/or improve reliability. Foi example, the base station may transmit up to T data streams simultaneously from the T transmit antennas to improve throughput. Alternatively, the base station may transmit a single data stream from ail T transmit antennas to improve reception by the terminal.

[0004] Good performance may be achicλ εd by transmitting one ui rnoic data streams via the MIVIO channel in a manner such that the highest overall throughput can be achieved for the data transmission To facilitate this, the terminal may estimate the MiMO channel icsponse and send channel state infoimaiion to the base station. The channel state information may indicate how many data streams to transmit, how to transmit the data steams, and a channel quality indicator (CQlJ for each data stieam, The CQl for each data stream ma> indicate a received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for that data stream and may be used to select an appropriate rate for the data stream. The channel state information may improve performance of data transmission to the

terminal. However, ihe terminal may consume a large amount of radio resources to send the channel state information to the base station.

[0005} There is therefore a need in tiie art for techniques to efficiently send channel state information iα a wireless communication system.

SUMMARY

[0006] Techniques for efficiently sending channel stale information in a wireless communication system arc desci ibed herein In an aspect, differential encoding may be used to reduce- the amount of channel state information to send Diffeicntial encoding refers to conveying differences between values instead of actual values. The differential encoding may bε performed on CQI values across space, across frequency, across space and frequency, across space, frequency and time, or across some other combination of dimensions.

|0007] In one design, spatial state information may be determined for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands. The spatial channels may correspond to different antennas, different preceding vectors, etc. The spatial state information may indicate a specific set of antennas, a specific set of preceding vectors, etc.. to use for dau transmission CQl values may be obtained for the multiple spatial channels on the multiple subbands. The CQl values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands to obtain differential CQI information, which may comprise various differential CQI values, In another design, CQϊ values may be obtained for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands in multiple time intervals and may be differentially encoded across space, frequency and time, In any case, the differential CQI information and the spatial state information, may be sent as feedback [θ008J Iu another aspect, different channel state information may be sent in different operating modes with heterogeneous reporting. In one design, CQl information may be reported m accordance with a first reporting mode while m a first operating mode, e.g.. a scheduled mode. CQI information may be reported in accordance with a second reporting mode while in a second operating mode, e.g., an unscheduled mode. The CQI information may be generated in different manners and/or sent at different rates for different reporting modes.

[0θQ9J Various aspects and features of the disclosure are desci ibed in fiuthei detail beiow

BRLEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a base station and a terminal [001 ϊ| FIG. 2 shows CQI values for M spatial channels on N subbands [0012| FlG. 3 A. shows _* differential CQi encoding across space. [0013] PlG. 38 shows differential CQI encoding across frequency [0014] FlG. 3C shows differential CQI encoding across space and frequency. [0015] FIG. 3D shows differential CQ( encoding across, space, frequency and time. fOO16j FIG 4A shows differential CQI encoding across space per subband. [Oθi7j FIG. 4B shows differential CQI encoding across space and fiequency, (0018| FIG. 4C shυws differential CQI encoding across space, frequency and time. [0019] FlG. 5 illustrates heterogeneous CQI reporting.

[0020] FIGS. 6 anc 7 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, for reporting channel state information with differential encoding across space and fiequency, [0021] FIGS. 8 ant! 9 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, for reporting channel state information with differentia! encoding across space, frequency and time [0022J FIGS. 10 ar.d ϊ 1 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, for heterogeneous repoiαng of channel state information

DETAILED DESCRIPTION f 0023] The techniques described herein for sending channel state information may be used for van o as communication systems that support MIMO transmission and utilize any form of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). For example, the techniques τiay be used for systems thai utilise Orthogonal FDM (OFDM). Single-Carrier FDM (SC- FDM), etc. OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarπers, which are also referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each -.ubcarrier may be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.

[0024] The techniques may also be used to send channel state information on the downlink or uplmk. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from a base station to a terminal, and the uplink (or reverse \mfc) refers to the communication link from the terminal to the base station, For clarity, the techniques are described below for sending channel state information on the uplink.

[0025] FlG. 1 shows, a block diagτaπi of a design of a ba?e station 5 10 and a terminal 150 in a wireless communication system 10(1 Base station 1 10 may also be referred to as a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNode B). an access point, etc. Terminal 150 may also be referred to as a user equipment (UE). a mobile station, an access lerminal, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. Terminal 150 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a wireless modern, a laptop computei, etc. Base station J lO is equipped with multiple (T) antennas 134a through 134t. Terminal 150 is equipped with multiple (R) antennas 152a through i52τ. Each transmit antenna and each receive antenna may be a physical antenna ϋi an antenna array.

[00261 At bsse station 110, a transmit (TX) data processor 120 may receive traffic data from a data source i 12, process (e.g., format, encode, interleave, and symbol map) llie traffic data in accordance with a packet formal, and generate data symbols As used herein, a data symbol is a symbol for data, a pilot symbol is a symbol for pilot, and a symbol is typically a. complex value. The data symbols and pilot symbols may be modulation symbols from a modulation scheme such as PSK or QAM Pilot is data that is known α priori by both the ba^e station and terminal. A packet formal may indicate a data rate, a coding scheme or code rate, a modulation scheme, a packet size, anchor other parameters. A packet format may also be referred to as a modulation and coding scheme, a rare, etc. TX data processor 120 may demultiplex the data symbols into M streams where in general i < M < T , The M data symbol streams may be sent simultaneously via a MIMO channel and may also be referred, to as data streams, spatial streams, traffic stream... etc.

J0027] A TX MLVlO processor 130 may perform transmitter spatiai processing on the data and pilot symbols based on direct MIMO mapping, preceding, etc. A data symbol may be sent from one antenna for direct MtMO mapping or from multiple antennas for precoding. Processor 130 may provide T streams of output symbols to T modulators (MOD) 132a through 132t. Each modulator 132 may perform modulation (e.g . for OFDM, SC-FDM, etc.) on the output symbols to obtain output chips. Each modulator 132 further processes (e.g., conv erts to analog, filters, amplifies, and upcαnverts) its output chips and generates a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators 132a through 132t arc transmitted via antennas 134a through i34r. respectively.

[002SJ At terminal 150, R antennas i 52a through 152r receive the T downlink signals, and each antenna 152 provides a received signal to a respective demodulator (DHMOD) 154. Each, demodulator 154 processes (e.g., filters, amplifies, downconverts, and digitizer) its leceived signal to obtain samples and may further perform demodulation (e.g.. for OFDM, SC-FDM. etc.) on the samples to obtain received symbols. Each demodulator 154 may provide received data symbols to a receive (RX) MlMO proces&oi 160 and provide received pilot symbols to a channel processor 194. Channel processor 194 may estimate the response of the MtVSO channel from base station i 10 to terminal 150 based on the received pilot symbols and provide channel estimates to RX MIMO processor 160. RX MSMO processor 160 may perform MIMO detection on the received data symbols with the channel estimates, and provide data symbol estimates. An RX data processor 170 may process (c.g , deinterteave and decode} the data symbol estimates and provide decoded data to a data sink 172. [0θ29J Terminal 150 may evaluate the channel conditions and send channel state information to base station 110. The channel stale information may be processed (e.g., encoded, interleaved, and symbol mapped) by a TX signaling processor IgO, spatially processed by a TX MIMO processor 182, and furthet processed by modulators 154a through 154r to genera:e R uplink signals, which are transmitted λ ia antennas 152a through 152r

[0030J At base station 1 10, trie R uplink signals are received by antennas 134a through 134t. processed by demodulators 132a through 132t, spatially processed by an RX MIMO processor 136, and further processed (e.g., demterleaved and decoded) by an RX signaling processor 138 to recover the channel state information sent by terminal 150. Controller/processor i 40 may control data transmission to terminal 150 based on the channel state information received from the terminal. f003l| Controllers/processors 140 and 19ϋ control the operation at base station t 10 and terminal 150, respectively . Memories 142 and 192 store data and prugiani codes for base station 1 10 and terminal 150, respectively, A scheduler 144 may select terminal 150 and/ or other terminals for data transmission on the downlink based on the channel state information received from all of the terminals

[0032] S spatial channels may be available for downlink transmission from base station 1 10 to terminal 150, where S < min { I. Rj . The S spatial channels may be formed in various manners. For direct MlMO mapping, S data streams may be sent from S transmit antennas, one data stream per transmit antenna. The S spatial channels

may then correspond to the S tiansmit antennas used for ciata transmission. For preceding, S data streams may be multiplied with a preceding matrix so that each data stream may be bent fro:n al! 1 transmit antennas, ϊnc S spatial channels may then correspond to S "virtual" antennas observed by the S data streams and formed with the preceding matrix In general, M data streams may be ^ent on M spatial channels, one data stream per spatial channel, where i < M < S . The M spatial channels may be selected from among the S available spatial channels based on one or more criteiia such as overall throughput.

[0033] For simplicity, the following description assumes that each data stream Is sent on one spatial channel, which may correspond to an actual antenna or a virtual antenna depending on whether direct MIMO mapping or preceding is used The terms "data streams", "spatial channels", and "antennas" may be used interchangeably. M packets or codewords may be sent simultaneously on the M data streams. [0034] Terminal 150 may recover the M data streams using various MlMO detection techniques such as linear minimum mean square error (MMSEj, zero-forcing (ZF), successive interference cancellation (SIC), etc., all of which are known in the art. SIC entails recovering one data stream at a time, estimating the interference due to each recouped data stream, and canceling the interference prioi to recovering the next data stream, SfC may improve the received SNRs of data streams that arc recovered later. [0035] System 100 may support subband scheduling to improve performance. The system bandwidth may be partitioned into multiple (K) subbands. Each subbaud may cover Q consecutive subcamcrs among the K total subcamers, where Q = KZ N or some other value. Terminal ϊ 50 may achieve different SNRs for different subbands due to frequency selective fading in a multipath channel. Willi subbaud scheduling, terminal 150 roaj be assigned subcarriers. in a subband with good SNR instead of a subbaud with poor SNR. Data may be sent at a highei iate on the assigned carriers, in the subband with good SNR.

[Qθ36] Terminal 150 may send channel state information to support subband scheduling and MlMO transmission by base station 110. The channel state information may comprise:

• Spatial state information used for MIMO transmission, and β CQI information used for subband scheduling, rale hCleeUou, etc.

fO037] The spatial state infoimation may comprise various types of ia formation. In one design, the spatial state information for a given subband may indicate a set of M transmit antennas to use for data transmission on that subband. Terminal 150 may estimate the MIMO channel response, evaluate diffeicnt possible sets 01 ^" transmit antennas based on the MlMO channel estimate, and determine the set of transmit antennas with the best performance (e.g , the highest overall throughput). The spatial state information may then indicate this set of transmit antennas [0038] In another design, the spatial slate information for a given subband. may indicate a set of M virtual antennas _* (or equivalently, a set of M preceding vectors) to use for transmission on that subband rermmal 1 50 may evaluate daia performance with different possible preceding matrices and'or different combinations of columns of the preceding matrices The spatial state information may then indicate a set of M preeodmg vectors with the best performance, e.g , a specific prccoding matiix as w ell as M specific columns of this preceding matrix.

[0039] In general, the spatial state information may indicate the number of data Streams to transmit (which may be related to the rank of the MIMO channel), a set of antennas to use for transmission, a set of preceding vectors to use for transmission, other information, or any combination thereof. The spatial state information may be provided for one or more subbands.

[004θ] The CQt information may convey SKRs or equivalent information for different spatial channels and/or different subbands. Different SNRs may be achieved for different -.ubbands. due to frequency seicetrv Uy of the wireless channel. Different SNRs may aiso be achieved for different spaiial channels if base station 110 uses direct MlMO mapping for data transmission, if terminal 150 pci forms successive interference cancellation for data reception, etc. Different SNRs may thus be achieved for different spatial channels on different subbands The SNR of a given spatial channel on a given subband may be used to select an appropriate packet format, which ma) indicate a code rate, a modulation scheme, a data rate, etc . to use for data sent via that spatial channel on that subband. In general, the CQI information may convey SNRi and. 'or other infoimation indicative of received signal quality for one or more spatial channels and/or one oi more subbands.

[004 J j FIG. 2 show s CQI values for M spatial channels on ]N subbands, A CQI value X _πa > may be obtained for each spatial channel in on each subband n The number of CQi values may then be proportional to the product of the number of spaual channels

and the number of subbands, or M • N CQI values. These CQl values may be used for subband scheduling to select a suitable sυbband for data transmission. These CQI values may also be used to determine an appropriate packet format for each spatial chaπneS on each subband. However, sending all M ■ N CQl values to base Nation 1 10 may consume a significant amount of uplink resources.

[0042] In an aspect, differential encoding may be used to reduce ihc amount of channel slate information to send. Differentia! encoding refers to conveying differences between values instead of actual values. If the variation in the values is small relative to the actual values, then the differences may be conveyed using fewer bits than the actual values. Differential encoding may provide good performance while reducing signaling overhead Differential encoding may be performed on CQϊ values across space, across frequency, across space and frequency, across space, frequency and time, or across some other combination of dimensions,

[0043] Tabic 1 lists different information that may be sent for CQI information. A full CQl value may also be referred to as a CQI value, a pivot CQl valuo, an actual CQI value, etc. A differential CQi value may convey the difference between two full CQI values (e.g., For AX) or the difference between two differential CQI values (e.g., AY, δδXj or δδy). In general, differential CQI information may comprise any information indicative of differences in full and/or differential CQI values, e.g., Y, AX, AY. AAX, and/or δδ> ^" in Table 1.

Table 1

[0044] For diiϊeiential encoding across space, one spatial channel may be a designated spatial channel, and the remaining spatial channels may be non-designated spatial channels. A full CQl value may be provided for the designated spatial channel,

and a differential CQl value may be provided for each non-designated spatial channel or for all non-designated spatial channels. For differential encoding across frequency, one subband may be a designated subband, and the remaining subbands may be non- designated subbands. A foil CQI value may be provided for the designated subband, and a differential CQI value may be provided for each non-designated subband. For differential encoding across time, one time interval may be a designated time interval, and unc or more other time intervals may be non-designated time intervals. A full CQI value may be provided for the designated time interval, and a differential CQ! value may be provided for each non-designated time interval. A designated subband may also be referred to as a primary subband, a ptefeπed subband. a reference subband. etc. A designated spatial channel and a designated time interval may also be referred to by other terms.

[0045] FIG. 3A shows a design of differential CQI encoding across space for two spatial channel.; on one subband. In this example, a CQI value of λ ^' _u h obtained for designated spatial channel tt, and a CQl value of Xb is obumed for non-designated spatial channel b. Terminal 150 (or a transmitter) may derive and send the following CQϊ information

X = X, , and Eq (I )

Y -- X ₁ - X ₀ .

J0046J Base station 110 (or a receiver) may receive A' and Y from terminal 150 and may derive the original CQI values, as follows:

X _a =■ X , and Eq (2) x^x + γ .

Jθ047] The CQl values derived by base station 110 may not exactly match the CQI values obtained by terminal 150 due to quantization of X and > ^' . For simplicity, much of the following description assumes no quantization error,

[θ048J FIG. 3B shows a design of differential CQI encoding across frequency for one spatial channel on two subbands. In this example, a CQl value of X _\ is obtained for the spatial channel on designated subband 1 , and a CQI value of Xz is obtained for the

IO

same spatial channel on non-designated subband 2, Terminal 150 may derive and send ihe following CQl information:

X - X ₁ . and Eq (3)

AX = X ₁ -X ₁ .

[0049] Base station 1 IO may receive Zand AX from terminal 150 and may derive the original CQl values, as follows;

X ₁ = X . and Eq (4)

X ₃ *- X + δX ,

[005ϋ| Differential CQI encoding across frequency may be used if a single data stream is sent on a single spatial channel En this case, a differentia! CQi value may not be needed for another spatial channel.

[G()51| FIG. 3€ shows a design of differentia! CQI encoding across space and frequency for two spatial channels OΏ two subbands, In this example, a CQ! value of Xia is obtained for designated spatia! channel a and a CQI \aluc of Xi;, is obtained for non-designated spatial channel b on designated subband 1. CQl values of X^ and Xι _b are obtained foi spatial channels a and b, respectively, on non-designated subband 2. Terminal 150 may derive the following CQI information:

X = X _la . Eq (5)

δλ ^' - λ',,, ~ X _U , and

where Y _\ and Y ₂ are differential CQI values for spatial channel b on subbands 1 and 2, respectively. Terminal 150 may send A' and Y as CQi information for subband ϊ and may send δ/Yand δVas CQI information for subband 2.

[0052J Base station 110 may rceeive X, K λ.Vand δFfroin terminal 150 and may derive the original CQi values, as follows:

[0053| In the design shown in equation (5), dlffereniial encoding is performed across space first and then across frequency. Differential encoding may also be performed across frequency first and then across space.

[0054 j FIG. 3D shows a design of differential CQI encoding across spatial, frequency, and time for two spatial channels on iwo suhbands in two time internals. In time intcn al \ , CQI values of A^ and X\b are obtained for spatial channels a and b on designated subband I . and CQl values of X ₂ β and Xj _f , are obtained for spaual channels a and b on non-designated subband 2. In time interval 2, CQI values of .-Y ^" ,' _H and X _l ' _h arc obtained for spatial channels a and /> on subband i , and CQi values of X\ _a and X _^ ¹ ₁₁ are obtained for spatial channels a and b on subband 2. Terminal 150 may derive CQl information for time interval 1 as shown in equation set (5).

[005SJ Terminal 150 may derive CQI information for time interval 2, as follows-

where δX' is the difference in CQI values for s>patial channel a on subband i in two time intervals,

AY' is the difference in rvalues for spatial channel h on subband J in two time intervals.

δδA ^' is the difference in δλ ^" values for spatial channel a in two time intervals,, and AAY is the difference in A Y values for spatial channel h in two time intervals.

[Q05ό| For time interval ! , terminal 150 may send A'and }'as CQl information for subband I and may send /IY and δFas CQI information for subband 2. For time interval 2, terminal 150 may send AX' and AY' as CQI information for subband 1 and may send δδXand AAY as CQI information for subband 2.

[0057J Base station 110 may receive X Y, AA' and AF from terminal 150 in time interval I and may receive δA' _S δl ^r \ AAA ^' and δδFm time interval 2. Base station HO may derive the original CQI values for time interval i as shown in equation set (6). Base station 1 30 may derive the original CQl for time interval 2 as follows:

λ^ A' + δλ" , Eq (8)

Xl ₁ , - X _u ' -\ > + AY' .

A'^ = λ^, - AX + δδA' + δy + AAY = X^ + 7 -*- δ>' ^f f AF _* ^■ δδF .

[0058] In the design shown in equation (7), differential encoding is performed across space first, then across frequency, and then across time. Differential encoding may also be performed across frequency first, then across space, and then across time, [00591 For simplicity, FlGS, 3A through 3D show differential encoding for two spatial channels, two subbands, and two time intervals. Differential encoding may be extended to any number of spatial channels, any number of subbands, and any number of time intervals.

[0060J Differential encoding across space for more than two spatial channels may be performed in various manners, In one design, the CQl values for the spatial channels are assumed to be linearly related by a common i ^' valυe Thus, if designated spatial channel a has a CQt value of λ ^' , then spatial channel h has a CQl value of X^ Y, spatial channel t has a CQI value ofX--2F, spatial channel c/ha≤ a CQI value ofX-i-31 ¹ ', etc. A single lvalue may be sent for all non-designated spatial channels. In another design, a separate Y value may be computed for each non-dcsignatcd spatial channel relatu ε tυ the designated spatial channel or an adjacent spatial channel. For example, if spatial channels a, b, c and d have CQI values of A',, Xj, X _e and X _d> respectively, then Y values

for spatial channels h, c and t/may be computed as Y ₁ , - X _h - X _λ , / = X _c — X _e , and Y ₁ , - A' _j - X, , respectively. The Y^ Y ₍ and Yj values may be sent for spatial channels b, c and c/, rcspecth eiy. In yet another design, a separate iSalue may be computed for each non-designated spatial channel A single index may then he sent to convey the Y values for ail uon-designated spatial channels. Different combinations of lvalues may be defined and stated in a look-up table. The single index may indicate a specific combination of Y values in trie look-up table that most closely marches the set of computed Y values. The Y values for multiple non-designated spatial channels may also be conveyed in other niamieis. For simplicity, much of the following description assumes one non-designated spatial channel

[0061 j In general, any number of bits may be used for each piece of information included in the channel state information. The following notation is used in the description below:

Nx - number of bits for a full CQl value A',

N _Y - number of bits for a differential CQl value Y.

Nw - number of bits for both differential CQl values AX and δK

N _/ - number of bits for spatial state information, and

N^ — number of bits to indicate a designated subband, which is ^" N ₅₁ — j ^~ IQg ₁ N |.

[0062] The number of bits to use for a given piece of information may be selected based on a tradeoff between the amount of detail or resolution for the information versus signaling o\ crhead. In one example design. N _x = S , N _γ = 3 , N _w — 4 , N ₇ ~ 2 for 2-laycr MIMO with M = 2 , and K^ = 4 for 4-la>er MIMO with M = 4 , Other values may also be used for N,χ, Ny, N _Vl . and N^.

[0063] Various reporting schemes may be used to send channel stale information in an efficient manner. Some reporting schemes are described below,

|θO64j FIG. 4A shows a first reporting scheme that uses differential CQl encoding across space and independent encoding for each of the N subbands. In this scheme, a full CQl value X _n , a differential CQI value Y _n , and spatial state information may be sent for eaeh of the N subbands. A CQI report for all N subbands may include

N ^■ (N ₇ -s- N _λ + K\ ) bits. The full CQI value X _B and the differential CQI value Y _n for each subband n may be determined as shown in equation set (1).

{0065] A second reporting scheme uses differentia! CQI encoding across space and independent encoding for a subset of the N Mibbands. This subset may include L subbands and may be identified by an N _L -bit subband set index, where L > 1 and N" _L > 1 , For example, if there are eight subbands and up to three consecutive bubbands may be reported, then N _L may be equal to five. In this scheme, a Ml CQl value X _n , a differential CQI value Y _n , and spatial state information nay be sent for each of the L subbands. A CQI report for the L subbands may include L ^■ (N _? + ^■ N _x + K _γ ) t- N _L bits. [0066] CQl information may also be sent for different .subsets of subbands in different time intervals. For example, the N subbaπdss may be cycled through, and CQi informauon for one subband may be sent with N ₂ . + N _x 4 M _Ύ bits in each time interval. CQI information for more than one subband may aba be sent in each time interval. [0067] A third reporting scheme uses differential CQI encoding across space, independent encoding for the N subbands, and common spatial state information for all N subbands. For each subband. a set of spatial channels (e.g.. a set of antennas or a set of preceding vectors) that provides the best performance (e.g., the highest overall throughput) for that subband may be determined The best spatial channel set from among N spatial channel sets for the N subbands may be selected and used as a common spatial channel set for all N spatial channels. Alternatively, a spatial channel set that provides the best performance averaged over all N subbands may be selected as the common spatial channel set, Fuil and differential CQf values may be derived based on the common spatial channel set. A CQI report for ail N subbands may include K ₇ T- N - (N _x + N _v ) bits. The common spatial state information may also comprise other information instead of or in addition to the common spatial channel set. In another design, spatial state information may be reported for a particular unit (e.g., each subband), and CQI information may be averaged and reported for a larger unit (e.g. , multiple spatial state reporting units). The CQI reporting unit may thus be larger than the spatial state reporting unit, e.g., in frequency. i0068| FIG. 4B shows a fourth reporting scheme, which uses differential CQI encoding across space and frequency. In this scheme, a full CQI value X ₁ , a differential CQI value Y ₁ , and spatial state information may be provided for designated subband > and may be sent with K ₇ + (N _x + N _γ ) bits. The designated subband may be a predetermined subband (e.g., subband I j, me subband with the be^t performance, etc. If the designated subband is not fixed, then Ns bits may be sent to indicate which subband

is, the designated subband. Differential CQl values δ,Vand δKmay be derived foi each non-designated subband based on the common spatial state information (c g., a common spatial channel set) and sent for that subband. A CQl report for all N subhands may include N _f - (N _x -í- K ,, ) + ( N - 1) ■ N^ + N _s bits

[0069J in one design, differential CQI encoding across frequency is achieved by taking differences between adjacent subbands. In this design, differential CQI information for a non-designated subband n may include differential CQI values AX _n = X _p - X _h→ and AY _n = Y _n - Y,,_ _x between subbands n and n~\ or differential CQl values AX ₁₁ - X _n - X,,, , and AY _n - Y _n - K- ., between subbands n and «+1

[0070] A CQl report may include different pieces of information in vanous formats. The N subband indices may be arranged in a monotonic manner so that subband I occupies the lowest frequency range and subband N occupies the highest frequency iangc in the system bandwidth, as shown in FIG. 2. If subband £ is the designated subband, then the first Ns bits ma> convey the designated subband index ?, the next N/ bits may convey spatial state information for subband ⁽ \ and the next (N^Ny) btts may convey the full CQl value X, and the differential CQI value Y ₁ for sub band t. The next bits may convey differential CQI information (e.g., δX _+! and AY, _r , ) between subbands f and f-H aeioss space and frequency. The next Nw bits may convey differential CQI information between subbands / ¹ H and ^T- 2, and so on, and Nw bits may convey differential CQJ information between subbands N-I and N. Then, the next Nvvbith may convey differential CQl infoimation between subbands C and f-\ , the next N _\\ bus may convey differential CQI information between subbands C-I and ⁽ -2, and so on, and the last Nw biti> roay convey differential CQI information between subbands 2 and l .

10071} The first three columns of Table 2 show a design of differential CQl information for differential encoding between adjacent subbands. In this design, the differential CQI information for each non-designated subband « includes N _w = 4 bits and jointly provides (i) a differentia! CQI value AX _t between subband ?! and an adjacent subband for the designated spatial channel and (ii) a differential CQI value δl', for the non-desiguatcd spatial channel. The CQI value for each spatial channel on each subband may be determined as shown in equation sets (5) and (6),

Table 2

J0Q72] In another design, differential CQl encoding across frequency is achieved by taking differences with respect to the designated subband. In this design, differential CQi information for a aon-designatcd subbaud n may include differential CQl values δX _tl ~ X ₁ , - X, and 6.Y ₁₁ - \ _h - Y ₁ between designated subbafid f and non-desigaated subband n

}6073| If subband ϊ is the designated sπbband, then the first Ns bits roa> convey the designated subband index i . the next N/ bits may convey spatial state information for subband I , and the next (Nχ+Nγ) bits may convey the ruli CQl value X, and the differential CQI value Y for subband f. The next Nw bits may convey differential CQl information (e.g.. AX, , and AY, , ) between vαbbands ? and r+l across space and frequency. The next NV bits may convey differentia! CQl information between subbands ( and '+2. and so on. and \ _w bits may convey differentia! CQI information between subbands I and N Then, the next N _w bits may convey differential CQl

information between subbands ⁽ and ^- 1 , the next N _w bits may convey differential CQl information between subbands ϊ and £-2, and so on, &uά the last Kw bits may convey differential CQI infoπnalion between subbands / and 1. [0074 j The last three columns of Table 2 show a design of differential CQl information for differential encoding with respect to the designated subband. In this design, the differential CQI information for each non-designated subband « includes N _w = 4 bits and jointly provides (i) a differential CQI value AX ₁₁ between subbands ( and π for the designated spatial channel and (ii) a differential CQI value δK, for the non-designated spatial channel. If the designated subband has the best performance and is used as a reference for the non-designated subbands, then the differential CQI value AX _n for each non-designated subband should be a non-positive value, f he CQl value for each spatial channel on each subband may be determined as shown in equation sets (5) and (6).

|(H)?5] Table 3 shows another design of the differential CQI information for differential encoding with respect to the designated subband for N _w = 3 bits.

Table 3

[θ076] fables i to 3 show some examples of joint encoding for differential CQl values άJC _t , and &Y _n . Other joint encoding designs may also be used.

[0077J A CQI report may convey CQI information for ail N subbands, e.g., as shown in FiG. 4B. A CQl report may also convey CQi information for a subset of the N subband*. In one design, a CQI report for an even time interval may include a full CQI value A ^' , a differential CQl value Y., and spatial state information for the

I H

designated sυbband C and may be sent with N^ + N ₁ , + (N _κ í N^ ) bits. A CQI report for an odd time interval may include differentia! CQl values δXand AY for each iion- designated subband and may be sent with ( ^" N ~ 1) ^■ N _ft bits. If there are many subband^, then the CQl information for the non-designated subbands may be seat in multiple time intervals. The CQi information for the designated and non-designated subbands may also be sent in other manners.

10078] FlG. 4C shows a fifth reporting scheme, which uses differential CQl encoding across space, frequency and time. Differential encoding may be performed across time (e.g., across consecutive reporting intervals) if the wireless channel varies slowly, in this scheme, a CQi report containing space-frequency CQI information may be sent every P time intervals, where P>1. The space-frequency CQI information may comprise CQI information generated for one or more spatial channels on one or more subbands based on any of the schemes described above. For example, the space- frequency CQl information may comprise N ₍ ^• + ^■ (N _x — N _γ ) •*- (N — 1) • K, _A í N _s bits for

CQl information generated for two spatial channels on N subbands based on the fourth scheme described above. The space- frequency CQI information may be sent in one time interval or possibly multiple time intervals, as discussed above. One or more CQl reports containing temporal differential CQI information may be sent in time intervals between those with space-frequency CQI information The temporal differential CQl information in each CQl report may be generated with respect to CQl iiifoimation for a previous CQl report. The temporal differential CQi information may comprise δXand δ)' for the designated subband and δδA' and &Aϊ for each non-designated subband being reported. The δ<ϊ ^" , AY, δδXand δδF values may be derived as described above for MG. 3D, A change in the designated subband may be made every P time intervals. [00791 The first through fifth reporting schemes described above assume that multiple spatial channels arc available If a single spatial channel is used, then differentia! encoding may be performed across frequency, and differential CQI value Y may be omitted. δλ' values may be sent with fewer bits since only difference across frequency (and not across space) is conveyed. Differential encoding may also be performed across tϊequency and time. The δXarid δδλT values may be sent with fewer bits if differential encoding across space is not performed,

Jθ080I In general, the CQl information and the spatial state information may be reported at the same rtr.e or different rates. The spatial state information ma> be

reported at one rale, and the CQI information ma> be reported at a second rate, ^liich may be slower or faster than the first rate.

[008 Ij Channel state information may be generated and reported based on a configmation, which may be selected for Terminal 150 and may be changed in a serai- ϋtatic manner via signaling. In one design, channel state information may be obtained for the designated subband and reported In another design, channel state information may be averaged over ail subbands (e.g., based on a channel capacity function), and the average channel state information may be reported. If the average channel state information is reported, then differential CQl information may be obtained with respect to the average CQl information. Furthermore, there is no need to convey the designated subband.

[0082] The spatial state information may be dependent on preference of terminal 150 In one design, the criterion used to select a set of spatial channels (or a set of antennas) may be based on the average channel characteristics of all subbandb. In another design, the criterion may be based on the channel characteristics of the designated subband,

[0083] in one design, terminal 150 may generate channel state information based on a selected reporting scheme and report channel state information on a continual basis in each reporting interval This design may be used, e.g., when terminal 150 has a service duration covering one or few repoπ intervals.

Jθ084| In another design, terminal 150 may generate and/or report channel state information in different manners during the service duration, Thss design may be used, e.g.. when the service duration is much longer than the reporting interval Terminal 150 may transmit multiple packets during the service duration and may select a suitable packet format and a suitable set of spatial channels for each packet transmission. A packet transmission may span one or multiple reporting intervals. A designated subband may be selected for each packet tiaπsmissioπ and may change from packet transmission to packet transmission. The subband selection may persist for each packet transmission. In this case, the index of the designated subband may be omitted in CQI repoits sent during the packet transmission.

[008Sj Terminal 150 may operate in one of several operating modes, such as a scheduled mode and an unscheduled mode, at any given moment, in the scheduled mode, terminal 150 may be scheduled for transmission on the downlink and may have a persistent subband allocation that is known by both the terminal and the base station In

the scheduled mode, it may be desirable to accurately report average channel state information for the allocated t.ubband(s) rarfacr than inaccurately i eport channel state information for all of the subbandb In the unscheduled mode, terminal 15ϋ may not be scheduled foi transmission on the downlink and may not have a persistent sυbband allocation. In the unscheduled mode, H may be desirable to report channel state information foi as many subhands as possible. Terminal 1 50 may transition between the seheduled and unscheduled modes depending on whether the terminal is scheduled for transmission. For example, terminal 150 may operate in the scheduled mode during its service duration anc may operate ir the unscheduled mode outside of us sen iec dαiαtiuu

[OOSόJ In another aspect, a heterogeneous reporting scheme is used, and terminal 150 may send different channel slate information depending on its opeiating mode In the scheduled mode, terminal 150 may generate a full CQI value V and a differentia! CQl value Y on the basis of the overall or average channel characteristics of the allocated t.ubb_ind(s) Terminal 15 ⁽ J may convey the full CQl value, the differential CQI value, and spatial state information in N ₇ f (N _x í ) bits. Terminal 150 may report channel stare information at higher rate or more frequently in order to update the channel slate information in a timely manner For example, terminal 150 may report K _^ , +(N _x + N _γ ) birs in each tcporting mteival

[0087| In the unscheduled mode, terminal 1 >Q may geneiatc CQI information far all or many of the subhands. For example, terminal 150 may generate CQI infoimation based on the ibiuth repotting scheme in FIG. 4B and may send N _L + (N _x - N ^ ) i- (N - 1) ^■ N u + N ;, bits for ail N subbands Terminal 150 may also generate CQl information based on the fifth reporting scheme in FIG 4C or some othej scheme. Terminal 150 may report channel state information at lower tate or less frequently in ordei to reduce signaling overhead.

10088] HG. 5 illustrates the heterogeneous reporting scheme Terminal 150 may operate m the scheduled mode between times Tj and T; During this time period, terminal 150 may determine channel state information (c g., average CQl) for only the selected subband(s) and may rcpon channel state information more frequently, e.g , at a rate of once every T _rcp! seconds. Terminal 150 may operate m the unscheduled mode between times T; and TT During this rime pcnod, terminal 150 may determine channel state informatiυn for all N subhands <c,g.. CQl foi each subband) and may report

channel state information less frequently, e.g., at a rate of once every T _rep2 seconds, where T _tt p2 ^ T _5P p ₁ .

[0089J FlG, 6 shows a design of a process 600 for reporting channel state information with differential encoding across space and frequency. Spatial state information may be determined for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands f block 612). The multiple spatial channels may correspond to multiple antennas selected from among a plurality of antennas available for transmission The spatial state information may then convey the selected antennas. The multiple spatial channels may also correspond to multiple preceding vectors selected from among a plurality of preceding vectors available for transmission. The spatial Slate information may then convey the selected precoding vectors. The spatial state information may convey multiple spatial channels for each subband, for each set of subbands, or for ail sυbbands [QOQOj CQI values may be obtained for The multiple spatial channels on the multiple subbands (block 614). The CQI values may correspond to SKR estimates or some othei measure of received signal quality. The CQ! values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands to obtain differential CQl information (block ύ\6). The differential CQI information may comprise any of the information shown in Table 1 fe g , Y. AX, AY. δδZ, and AA.Y) and/or some other information. The differential CQl information and the spatial state information may be sent as feedback (block 618),

[0091] For block 614, the CQi values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands with respect to a reference CQl value. This reference CQI value may be a CQl value for a designated spatial channel on a designated subfaand, an average CQt value for all spatial channels on the designated subband, an average CQI value for all spatial channels and all subbands, etc. The reference CQl value may be sent with the differential CQl information, [θ092J The differential encoding in block 614 may be performed in various manners. The CQI values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels first and then across the multiple subbands. Alternatively, the CQI values may ^¬ be differentially encoded across the multiple subbands first and then across the multiple spatial channels.

[0093] The multiple spatial channels may comprise a designated spatial channel and at least one non-designated spatial channel. The multiple subbands may comprise a designated subband and at least one non-designated subband. At least one differentia!

CQI value (e.g . Y ₁₁ ) may be determined for the at least one non-designated spatial channel on each subband based on CQI values for the spatial channels on that subband. For each non-designated subband, the difference (iS.g., άX, _: ) between a CQl value for the designated spatial channel on lhat non-designated subband and a CQl value for the designated spatial channel on either the designated subband or an adjacent subband may be determined. For each non-designated subband, the difference (e.g., AY,,} between at least ore differential CQl value (e.g., F.,) for the at least one non-designated spatial channel on that non -designated subband and at least one differential CQl value (e.g., 7 , y _tl- t, or )'„. i) for the at least one non-designated spatial channel on cither the designated subband or an adjacent subband may also be determined. For each uon-designatcd subband, the differential CQl value (e.g., AX ₁₁ ) for the designated spatial channel and the at least one differential VQl value (e.g., AY ₁ ,) for the at least one nυn -designated spatial channel may be mapped to an index, which may be sent as the differential CQl information for that non -designated subband.

[0094] FIG. 7 showss a design of an apparatus 700 for reporting channel state information with differential encoding across space and frequency. Apparatus 700 includes means for determining spatial state information for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands (module 712), means for obtaining CQl values for the multiple spatial channels on the multiple subbands (module 714), means for differentially encoding the CQI values across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands to obtain differential CQI information (module 716), and means for sending the differential CQl information and the spatial state information as feedback (module 718). Modules 712 to 718 may comprise processors, electronics devices, hardware devices, electronics components, logical circuits, memories, etc., or any combination thereof. [0095J FlG. 8 shows a design of a process 800 for reporting channel state information with differential encoding across space, frequency and time. Spatial state information may be determined for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands (block 812). CQl values may be obtained for the multiple spatial channels on the multiple subbands in multiple lime intervals (block 814). The CQl values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels, the multiple subbands, and the multiple time intervals to obtain differential CQl information (block 816). The differential CQI information and the spatial state information may be sent as feedback (block 818).

[0096| Foi block 816, the CQI values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands in each time interval to obtam differential CQI values (e.g., F ₅ ύJC, and δ5) for thai time interval. The CQI values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels first and then across the multiple subbands. The multiple time intervals may comprise a designated time interval and at least one non-designated time interval. For each nou-d.esign.aied time Interval, differences (e.g., δδXand AAY) between the differential CQL values for that non- designatcd time interval and the differential CQl \ alues for a preceding time interval may he determined.

[0097 j For block Hl $, the differential CQI values (e.g.. Y, AX, δF, etc.) for the designated time interval may be sent as differential CQl information for the designated time interval The differences in differential CQI values (e.g., δδ.Y. AAY, etc.) determined for each non-designated time interval may be sent as differential CQl information for that non-designated time interval.

[0098] FlG. 9 shows a design of an apparatus 9flO for reporting channel stale information with differential encoding across space, frequency and time. Apparatus QOO includes means for determining spatial state information for multiple spaial channels on multiple subbands (module 912), means for obtaining CQI values for the multiple spatial channels on the multiple subbands in multiple time intervals, (module 914), means for differentially encoding the CQi values across the multiple spatial channels, the multiple subbands, and the multiple time intervals to obtam differential CQ! information (module 916), and means for sending the differential CQI information and the spatial state information as feedback (module 918). Modules 912 to 918 may comprise processors, eteetiom ^' cs ices, haidwarc devices, electronics components, logical circuits, memories, etc., or any combination thereof,

[0099} FIG. 10 shows a design of a process 1000 for heterogeneous reporting of channel state Information. CQl information may be iepoited in accoi dance with a first reporting mode while in a lϊrst opeiating mode, e.g., a scheduled mode (block 1012). CQI information may be reported m accordance with a second reporting mode while in a second operating mode, e.g., a unscheduled mode (block 1014) The CQI information may be sent at a first rate in the first reporting mode and may be sent at a second i ate in the second reporting mode. The second rate may be slower than the first rate.

[00100] For the first reporting mode, CQI values may be obtained for multiple spatial channels on at leas: one subband selected from among multiple subbands available for transmission The CQl values may be differential!) encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the at least one selected subband to obtain the CQϊ information for the first reporting mode. The CQI values may be averaged across the selected subband(s), and the average CQI values for the multiple spatial channels may be differentially encoded. I001θ1J For the second reporting mode, CQI values may be obtained for multiple spatial channels on multiple subbands available for transmission. The CQI values may be differentially encoded across the multiple spatial channels and the multiple subbands to obtain the CQI information for the second reporting mode. f 00102] FIG. ϊ l shows a design of an apparatus i 100 for heterogeneous reporting of channel state information. Apparatus i 100 includes means for reporting CQI information in accordance with a first reporting mode while in a fiisl operating mode, e.g., a scheduled mode (module 1 112), and means for reporting CQl information in accordance with a second reporting mode while in a .second operating mode, e.g., a unscheduled mode (module 1 1 14). Modules 11 12 and 1 1 14 may comprise processors, electronics devices, hardware devices, electronics components, logical circuits, mcmoπes, etc., or any combination thereof.

[00103] An OFDMA system may be able to achieve substantial gain through subband scheduling. However, the number of iubbands in the system may not be &mall. Space-frequency differentia! CQI encoding (c,g , the fourth reporting scheme in FIG. 4Bj or space-frequency-time differential CQI encoding (e.g.. the fifth reporting scheme in FIG. 4C) may be able to reduce feedback oveiliead in MIMO-OFDMA operation. The data streams may be sent with spatial diversity, e.g., using antenna permutation, preceding, etc. The spatial diversity may result in smaller SN R variations between adjacent subbands than for a single-input single-output (SlSO) transmission. The smaller SNR variation may make two-dimensional differential encoding across space and frequency more effective.

100104] The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques roay be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units used to perform the techniques may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), progiaminoble logic ices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays

(FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described h<?rem, a computer, or a combination thereof. fOOlOS] For a firmware and/or software implementation, the techniques may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein The firmware and/or software instructions may be stored in a memory (e.g.. memory 192 in FlG, 1) and executed by a processor (e.g.. processor 190). The memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor. The firmware and/or software Instructions may also be stored in other processor-readable medium such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM) ₅ electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), FLASH memory, compact disc (CD), magnetic or optica! data storage device, etc.

[001θ6] The description of the disclosure id provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spint or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein but i≤ to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[flθlO7j WHAT IS CLAlJVIED fS: