DESCRIPTION

Claim of Priority

[0001] This PCT International Patent Application claims the benefit of priority of U. S. Provisional Application No. 62/573,381 , filed October 17, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Background

[0002] This disclosure relates to fiber optic cables and related methods, and more particularly, to fiber optic cables including subunits and related methods. [0003] It is often desirable to splice the ends of one or more optical fibers of a first fiber optic cable to the ends of one or more optical fibers of a second fiber optic cable. For example, cables including optical fibers may be used to communicate information from a source to one or more devices. Some fiber optic cables may be routed through the environment to a building and enter the building through one or more ducts. The interior of the building may include an internal communication network including one or more fiber optic cables including optical fibers. The optical fibers from exterior to the building may be spliced to optical fibers in the interior of the building to link the communication from the source to the communication network in the interior of the building. [0004] A splice enclosure may be provided for providing a space for receipt of many spliced optical fibers of cables. For example, one or more cables including optical fibers may be routed into the splice enclosure, optical fibers of the cables may be spliced, and the spliced fibers may be placed in splice trays. In order to splice the optical fibers in the splice enclosure, a portion of an outer jacket the fiber optic cable is removed in order to expose the optical fibers for splicing. However, once the outer jacket is removed, the exposed portion of optical fibers is prone to damage as it passes into and within the splice enclosure to the splice tray for splicing. As a result, a field furcation kit is installed on the exposed portion of the optical fibers to protect them as they pass into and within the splice enclosure. Installing the field furcation kit includes bundling a group of the exposed optical fibers and sliding a tube or sleeve of the field furcation kit over the bundle of optical fibers to form a leg. One end of the tube or sleeve is coupled to the outer jacket at the point at which it ends, and the other end of the tube or sleeve is coupled to the splice tray, thereby protecting the leg of optical fibers as it passed into and within the splice enclosure to the splice tray.

[0005] Installation of the field furcation kit may be tedious and time consuming, and thus, generates expense associated with installing and splicing the fiber optic cables. In addition, as data communication increases, and the number of optical fibers grows to accommodate the increase, more optical fibers may be routed into splice enclosures for splicing, thereby further increasing the time and expense associated with installing and splicing the fiber optic cables.

[0006] Some examples described herein may address one or more possible drawbacks associated with installing and splicing fiber optic cables.

SUMMARY

[0007] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure is generally directed to a fiber optic cable including a plurality of optical fibers. The fiber optic cable may include an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable and an internal passage, and an intermediate layer interior with respect to the internal passage of the outer jacket. The fiber optic cable may also include a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the intermediate layer. At least one of the subunits may include a plurality of ribbon cables, each including a plurality of optical fibers. The ribbon cables may define a major dimension and a minor dimension substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension. The at least one subunit may also include a subunit membrane including a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit. At least some of the plurality of ribbon cables are arranged relative to one another, such that the major dimensions of the at least some of the plurality of ribbon cables overlap one another.

[0008] According to a further aspect, this disclosure is also generally directed to a fiber optic cable including a plurality of optical fibers. The fiber optic cable may include an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable and an internal passage, and an intermediate layer interior with respect to the internal passage of the outer jacket. The fiber optic cable may also include a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the intermediate layer. At least one of the subunits may include a plurality of ribbon cables, each including a plurality of optical fibers. The ribbon cables may define a major dimension and a minor dimension substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension. The at least one subunit may include a subunit membrane including a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit. The plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit maybe arranged relative to one another, such that a cross-section defined by the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit is substantially cross-shaped.

[0009] According to another aspect, this disclosure is also generally directed to a method for routing and splicing a first plurality of optical fibers of a first fiber optic cable to a second plurality of optical fibers of at least one second fiber optic cable. The method may include coupling the first fiber optic cable to a splice enclosure. The first fiber optic cable may include an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable, and a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the outer jacket. At least one of the subunits may include a plurality of ribbon cables, each including a first plurality of optical fibers, and a subunit membrane including a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit. The method may also include removing the outer jacket from a portion of the first fiber optic cable to expose the subunits, and routing the subunits into the splice enclosure. The method may also include routing the second plurality of optical fibers of the second fiber optic cable into the splice enclosure, splicing optical fibers of the subunits to optical fibers of the at least one second fiber optic cable to form spliced optical fiber pairs, and enclosing the spliced optical fiber pairs in a splice tray.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an example splice enclosure including an example splice tray assembly and a schematic side section view of two example fiber optic cable legs entering the splice enclosure and extending to an example splice tray.

[0011] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of a first set of fiber optic cables spliced to an example of a second set of fiber optic cables.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a first fiber optic cable spliced to another example of a second set of fiber optic cables.

[0013] FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view and a schematic section view of an example fiber optic cable including example subunits.

[0014] FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective view and a schematic section view of another example fiber optic cable including example subunits.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

[0016] This disclosure is generally directed to fiber optic cables including subunits including a plurality of optical fibers and related methods. For example, cables including optical fibers may be used to communicate information from a communication source to one or more devices. Such cables may be routed through the environment to a building or between buildings (e.g., data center buildings) via ducts and enter a building through one or more ducts. As noted above, the interior of the building may include an internal

communication network including one or more cables including optical fibers. The optical fibers from exterior to the building may be spliced to optical fibers in the interior of the building to link the communication from a communication source to the communication network in the interior of the building. In some examples, the cables exterior to the building may have different requirements than requirements of the cables inside the building. For example, cables inside a building may need to comply with fire codes and/or other regulations, while cables exterior to the building may not need to comply with such codes and/or other regulations.

[0017] For example, one or more cables including optical fibers may be routed into a splice enclosure, optical fibers of the cables may be spliced, and the spliced fibers may be placed in splice trays. In order to splice the optical fibers in the splice enclosure, a portion of an outer jacket the fiber optic cable may be removed in order to expose the optical fibers for splicing. In some examples described herein, the fiber optic cable may include an outer jacket and plurality of subunits interior with respect to the outer jacket, where at least one of the subunits includes a plurality of ribbon cables, each including a plurality of optical fibers, and a subunit membrane including a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit. In some examples, the subunits units may be passed into and routed within the splice enclosure to a splice tray for splicing without installing a field furcation kit to protect the optical fibers of the subunits. In some examples, the polymer encasing the subunits may protect the optical fibers of the subunit, while providing a combination of kink-resistance and flexibility sufficient for routing the optical fibers of the subunit into and within the splice enclosure to the splice tray for splicing with the optical fibers of another fiber optic cable. In examples that do not require installation of a field furcation kit for protecting the optical fibers as they enter and extend within the splice enclosure to a splice tray, significant time may be saved during installation and splicing operations resulting from not installing a field furcation kit.

[0018] In some examples, the fiber optic cables and related methods described herein may be configured to facilitate splicing of one or more higher fiber-count cables, such as, for example, 1728 fiber-count cables, 3456 fiber-count cables, and/or 6912 fiber-count cables. In some examples, one or more of the cables may be ribbon cables, for example, having optical fibers arranged adjacent to other optical fibers of the cables, such that the adjacent optical fibers are arranged substantially along a line forming a substantially flat ribbon including a plurality of optical fibers. In some examples, the cables may not be ribbon cables.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an example splice enclosure 10 including an example cabinet 12 and an example splice tray assembly 14. In the example shown, the cabinet 12 defines an interior volume 16 and includes a rear wall 18, a first side wall 20 coupled to the rear wall 18, and a second side wall 22 coupled to the rear wall 18 and spaced from the first side wall 20. The example cabinet 12 shown in FIG. 1 also includes a lower wall 24 coupled to the first side wall 20, the second side wall 22, and/or the rear wall 18. In some examples, the lower wall 24 may include knock-outs and/or other structures (e.g., openings) for mounting the cabinet 12 to a support (e.g., a floor or platform) and/or to provide one or more entry points for one of more cables to pass from exterior to the cabinet 12 to the interior volume 16 of the cabinet 12. The example cabinet 12 also includes a front panel 26 coupled to the first side wall 20 and configured to pivot with respect to the first side wall 20. For example, the front panel 26 may serve as a door to gain access to the interior volume 16 of the cabinet 12 and may be mounted on hinges to support the front panel 26 and permit pivoting of the front panel 26 relative to the remainder of the cabinet 12. The example cabinet 12 also includes an upper wall 28 coupled to one or more of the first side wall 20, the second side wall 22, and/or the rear wall 18. In some examples, the upper wall 28, or at least a portion thereof, may be removably coupled to the first side wall 20, the second side wall 22, and/or the rear wall 18, which may render it relatively easier for a technician routing the cables to access the cables as they are routed into the cabinet 12. In some examples, the upper wall 28 may include knock-outs and/or other structures (e.g., openings) for providing one or more entry points for one of more cables to pass from exterior to the cabinet 12 to the interior volume 16 of the cabinet 12, for example, as described herein. As shown, the cabinet 12 may define a longitudinal axis X extending in a direction substantially parallel to planes in which the rear wall 18 and at least one of the first wall 20 or the second wall 22 lie. Although the terms "rear," "side," "front," "lower," and "upper" have been used for clarity and describing relative relationships among parts, the use of these terms is not intended to be absolute.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, the cabinet 12 may also include a latch 30 coupled to the front panel 26 and a catch coupled to the second wall 22 and configured to selectively secure the front panel 26 in the closed position. Some examples of the splice enclosure 10 may include one or more mounting brackets 32 (e.g., coupled to the rear wall 18) configured to couple the splice enclosure 10 to a support, such as, for example, a rack or a wall or support of the building in which the splice enclosure 10 is present.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 1, some examples of the splice enclosure 10 may also include one or more cable anchors 34 coupled to the cabinet 12 at an end of the cabinet 12 remote from the lower wall 24. For example, the one or more cable anchors 34 may be coupled to the rear wall 18, for example, via at least one of one or more fasteners, welding, or adhesives.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 1, the example splice enclosure 12 includes a splice tray assembly 14. In the examples shown, the splice tray assembly 14 includes a splice tray housing 36 coupled to the cabinet 12 and a plurality of splice trays 38 coupled to the splice tray housing 36 and configured to provide a space for receipt of a plurality of spliced optical fibers of a plurality of cables. In some examples, the splice tray housing 36 may be pivotally coupled to the cabinet 12, such that the splice tray housing 36 pivots about a housing pivot axis P extending in a direction substantially perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis X, for example, substantially parallel with respect to a plane in which the rear wall 18 lies. Such pivoting may render it relatively easier for a technician to gain access to one or more of the splice trays 38. As shown in FIG. 1, in some examples, one or more of the splice trays 38 may be independently movable, pivotable, and/or removable relative to the splice tray assembly 36 to provide ease of access to splices within the splice trays 38.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 1 , the example upper wall 28 may include an entry plate 40 including a plurality of apertures 42 for receiving one or more fiber optic cables 44 and/or one or more optical fibers to facilitate passage of the fiber optic cables 44 and/or optical fibers into and out of the splice enclosure 10. For example, the apertures 42 may be configured to receive fiber optic cables 44 from exterior a building and/or fiber optic cables 44 from the interior of the building, so that the fiber optic cables 44 may be routed into the cabinet 12 for splicing at the splice trays 38. The apertures 42 may be configured to receive the same types of cables or types of cables different from one another, such as, for example, exterior fiber optic cables complying with codes and/or regulations applicable to exterior fiber optic cables and/or interior fiber optic cables complying with codes and/or regulations applicable to interior fiber optic cables (e.g., building and/or fire codes).

[0024] In some examples, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 , the upper wall 28 may include a removable portion 46 configured to be removably coupled to at least one of the first side wall 20, the second side wall 22, or the rear wall 18. For example, the removable portion 46 may include panel latches at opposite ends of the removable portion 46 and configured to permit the removable portion 46 to be selectively separated from the cabinet 12. This may provide a technician with relatively improved access to an upper portion of the interior volume 16 of the cabinet 12, for example, when installing cables and/or optical fibers and/or performing a splicing operation.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of a first set of fiber optic cables 44A spliced to an example of a second set of fiber optic cables 44B. The first set of fiber optic cables 44A includes a cable Ai through a cable An, and the second set of fiber optic cables 44B includes a cable Bi through a cable B _n . In general, in the example shown, for the purpose of an example splicing, the total number optical fibers of the cables Ai through A _n equals the total number of optical fibers of the cables Bi through B _n . In some examples, each of the fiber optic cables of the first set of fiber optic cables 44A may be broken into separate legs 48 A (e.g., AiLEGi through AiLEGn, through AnLEGi through AnLEGn), and each of the fiber optic cables of the second set of fiber optic cables 44B may be broken into separate legs 48B (e.g., BiLEGi through BiLEGn, through BnLEGi through BnLEGn). The legs 48A may be spliced to respective legs 48B in the splice tray 38. In some examples, the total number of optical fibers in each of the legs 48A may be the same as the total number of optical fibers in each of legs 48B of the legs spliced respectively to one another. In some examples, each of the fiber optic cables 44A and 44B may be coupled to the splice enclosure 10, and each of the legs 48A and 48B may be coupled to the splice tray 38, with each of the legs being formed by removal of a length of outer jacket of each of the fiber optic cables 44A and 44B.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an example first fiber optic cable 44A spliced to another example of a second set of fiber optic cables 44B. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the first fiber optic cable 44A includes a single leg 48A, and the second set of fiber optic cables 44B include three legs 48B. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the total number of optical fibers of the first fiber optic cable 44A equals the total number of optical fibers of the fiber optic cables 44B of the second set of fiber optic cables 44B, and the splice tray 38 has the capacity to contain all of the spliced fibers of the first fiber optic cable 44A and the second set of fiber optic cables 44B.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view and a schematic section view of an example fiber optic cable 44 including example subunits 50, each including a plurality of optical fibers 52. The example shown in FIG. 4 includes six subunits 50, but fiber optic cables 44 including different numbers of subunits 50 are contemplated, such as, for example, twelve subunits, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0028] The example fiber optic cables 44 shown in FIGS. 4 and include an outer jacket 54 defining an exterior surface 56 of the fiber optic cable 44 and an internal passage 58. In some examples, the outer jacket 54 may be configured to protect the optical fibers 52 and may be formed from a variety of suitable polymer materials, such as, for example, extrudable polymer materials, including medium density polyethylene materials or other materials having similar characteristics. In some examples, the outer jacket 54 may include one or more elongated strengthening members 60, for example, disposed in pairs on diametrically opposed sides of the outer jacket 54, which in some examples, may impart a preferential bend characteristic to fiber optic cable 44. In some examples, one or more of the strengthening members 60 may be formed from, for example, one or more of a dielectric material, such as, for example, glass-reinforced plastic, or a conductive material, such as, for example, steel and/or other materials having similar characteristics.

[0029] The example fiber optical cables 44 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 also include one or more rip-cords 62, for example, in the outer jacket 54 and adjacent the one or more strengthening members 60. The one or more rip-cords 62 may facilitate removal of a portion of the outer jacket 54, for example, when the fiber optic cable 44 is being passed into the splice enclosure 10 and spliced. [0030] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, some examples of the fiber optical cable 44 may also include an intermediate layer 64 interior with respect to the internal passage 58 of the outer jacket 54. In some examples, the intermediate layer 62 may be formed from a swellable tape or other materials having similar characteristics.

[0031] In some examples, the fiber optic cable 44 may include a plurality of the subunits 50 interior with respect to the intermediate layer 64, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, one or more of the subunits 50 may include a plurality of ribbon cables 66, each including a plurality of optical fibers 52. Some examples of the ribbon cables 66 define a major dimension 68 and a minor dimension 70 substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension 68, such that the ribbon cables 66 are, for example, substantially flat. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, one or more of the subunits 50 may include a subunit membrane 72 including, for example, a polymer encasing the ribbon cables 66 of the corresponding subunit 50. In some examples, the polymer may include one or more plasticized polymers, such as, for example, plasticized polyvinyl chloride and/or other materials having similar characteristics. In some examples, the subunits 50 may have an elastic modulus ranging from about 25 megapascals to about 600 megapascals, such as, for example, about 50 megapascals to about 300 megapascals (e.g., about 100 megapascals). In some examples, the ribbon-to-ribbon friction associated with the ribbon cables 66 may be about 0.7 or less, for example, 0.5 or less.

[0032] In some examples, the configuration of the subunits 50 and/or the subunit membrane 72 may result in an ability to couple the fiber optic cable 44 to the splice enclosure 10 (e.g., at an entry point), remove a portion of the outer jacket 54 and/or the intermediate layer 64 to expose a portion of the subunits 50 extending between the point at which the fiber optic cable 44 is coupled to the splice enclosure 10 and a point at which optical fibers 52 of the subunits 50 are spliced to the optical fibers of another fiber optic cable. In some examples, the configuration of the subunits 50 and/or the subunit membrane 72 may result in the subunits 50 being routed into and through the splice enclosure 10 and into the splice tray 38 without the need to install a field furcation kit to the exposed section of the subunits 50. In some examples, the subunits 50 may be sufficiently protected by the subunit membrane 72 to avoid damage to the optical fibers 52 from routing the subunit 50 without installing a field furcation kit, while substantially maintaining sufficient flexibility and/or kink-resistance to permit the subunit 50 to be routed into the splice tray 38 and spliced.

[0033] In some examples, at least some of the ribbon cables 66 of a subunit 50 are arranged relative to one another, such that the major dimensions 68 of some of the ribbon cables 66 overlap one another, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In some examples, the ribbon cables 66 of at least one subunit 50 are arranged relative to one another, such that a cross-section defined by the plurality of ribbon cables 66 of the subunit 50 is substantially cross-shaped. For example, the ribbon cables 66 of the example subunits 66 shown n FIGS. 4 and 5 are arranged, such that a cross-section defined by the plurality of ribbon cables 66 of the subunits 50 are substantially cross-shaped.

[0034] In some examples, each of a first plurality 74 of the ribbon cables 66 of at least one of the subunits 50 includes a first number of optical fibers 52, and each of a second plurality 76 of the ribbon cables 66 of the at least one subunit 50 includes a second number of optical fibers 52. In some such examples, the second plurality 74 is a multiple of the first plurality 72 and/or the second number is a multiple of the first number. For example, the first plurality 74 may be four, and the first number may be twelve. In some examples, the second plurality 76 may be eight, and the second number may be twenty-four. For example, FIGS. 4 and 5 each show example subunits 50 having a first plurality 74 of the ribbon cables 66 being four, the first number of optical fibers 52 in each of the first plurality 74 of ribbon cables 66 being twelve, a second plurality 76 of the ribbon cables 66 being eight, and the second number of optical fibers 52 in each of the second plurality 76 of ribbon cables 66 being twenty -four. In addition, the examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 also include a third plurality 78 of the ribbon cables 66 being four ribbon cables 66, and each of the ribbon cables 66 of the third plurality 78 of ribbon cables 66 includes twelve optical fibers. Other combinations of the number of ribbon cables and/or the number of optical fibers in each ribbon cable are contemplated.

[0035] In some examples, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first plurality 74 of ribbon cables 66 of at least one subunit 50 are each oriented such that the major dimension 68 of each of the first plurality 74 of ribbon cables 66 is aligned with a first direction, and the second plurality 76 of ribbon cables 66 of the at least one subunit 50 are each oriented such that the major dimension 68 of each of the second plurality 76 of ribbon cables 66 is aligned with a second direction substantially perpendicular with respect to the first direction. In some examples, the third plurality 78 of ribbon cables 66 of the at least one subunit 50 are each oriented such that the major dimension 68 of each of the third plurality 78 of ribbon cables 66 is aligned with a third direction. In some examples, the third direction is substantially parallel with respect to the first direction. In some examples, the first plurality 74 of ribbon cables 66 is separated from the third plurality 78 of ribbon cables 66 by the second plurality 76 of ribbon cables, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

[0036] As noted previously herein, for some of the subunits 50, the first plurality 74 of ribbon cables 66 may include four ribbon cables 66, each including twelve optical fibers 52, the second plurality 76 of ribbon cables 66 includes eight ribbon cables 66, each including twenty-four optical fibers 52, and the third plurality 78 of ribbon cables 66 includes four ribbon cables 66, each including twelve optical fibers, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. [0037] In some examples, at least one of the subunits 50 of the plurality of subunits 50 forms a central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44, and a remainder of the plurality of subunits 50 are coiled about the central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44. For example, FIG. 4 shows an example in which one of the subunits 50 forms the central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44, and the remaining five subunits 50 are coiled about the single subunit 50 of the central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44. FIG. 5 shows an example in which three of the subunits 50 forms the central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44, and the remaining nine subunits 50 are coiled about the three subunits 50 of the central portion 80 of the fiber optic cable 44.

[0038] As explained herein, the fiber optic cables 44 described herein, according to some examples, may be used in a method for routing and splicing a first plurality of optical fibers of a first fiber optic cable to a second plurality of optical fibers of at least one second fiber optic cable. In some examples, the method may include coupling the first fiber optic cable to a splice enclosure. The first fiber optic cable may include an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable, and a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the outer jacket. At least one of the subunits may include a plurality of ribbon cables, each including a first plurality of optical fibers, and a subunit membrane including a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit. The method may also include removing the outer jacket from a portion of the first fiber optic cable to expose the subunits, and routing the subunits into the splice enclosure. The method may also include routing the second plurality of optical fibers of the at least one second fiber optic cable into the splice enclosure and splicing optical fibers of the subunits to optical fibers of the at least one second fiber optic cable to form spliced optical fiber pairs. The method may also include enclosing the spliced optical fiber pairs in a splice tray. In some examples of the method, the first fiber optic cable may include a plurality of ribbon cables including a first number of optical fibers, and the at least one second fiber optic cable may include a plurality of fiber optic cables comprising a second number of optical fibers. In some examples, the first number and the second number are equal. In some examples of the method, the method may include installing a field furcation kit on the at least one second fiber optic cables but not on the first fiber optic cable. As noted herein, the configuration of the subunits and/or the subunit membrane may render it unnecessary to install a field furcation kit on the first fiber optic cable for splicing it to the at least one second fiber optic cable. In some examples, the method may include not installing a field furcation kit to one or more of the second fiber optic cables.

[0039] Although this subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as illustrative forms of implementing the claims.

EXAMPLE CLAUSES

[0040] A. An example fiber optic cable comprising a plurality of optical fibers, the fiber optic cable comprising:

an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable and an internal passage;

an intermediate layer interior with respect to the internal passage of the outer jacket; and

a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the intermediate layer, at one of the subunits comprising: a plurality of ribbon cables each comprising a plurality of optical fibers, the ribbon cables defining a major dimension and a minor dimension substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension; and

a subunit membrane comprising a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit,

wherein at least some of the plurality of ribbon cables are arranged relative to one another, such that the major dimensions of the at least some of the plurality of ribbon cables overlap one another.

[0041] B. The fiber optic cable of example A, wherein the polymer comprises plasticized polyvinyl chloride.

[0042] C. The fiber optic cable of example A or example B, wherein the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are arranged relative to one another such that a cross- section defined by the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit is substantially cross-shaped.

[0043] D. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example C, wherein each of a first plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit comprises a first number of optical fibers, and each of a second plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit comprises a second number of optical fibers, and wherein at least one of the second plurality is a multiple of the first plurality or the second number is a multiple of the first number.

[0044] E. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example D, wherein the first plurality is four and the first number is twelve.

[0045] F. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example E, wherein: a first plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the first plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a first direction;

a second plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the second plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a second direction substantially perpendicular with respect to the first direction;

a third plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the third plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a third direction substantially parallel with respect to the first direction; and

the first plurality of ribbon cables is separated from the third plurality of ribbon cables by the second plurality of ribbon cables.

[0046] G. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example F, wherein: the first plurality of ribbon cables comprises four ribbon cables each comprising twelve optical fibers;

the second plurality of ribbon cables comprises eight ribbon cables each comprising twenty -four optical fibers; and

the third plurality of ribbon cables comprises four ribbon cables each comprising twelve optical fibers.

[0047] H. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example G, wherein at least one of the subunits of the plurality of subunits forms a central portion of the fiber optic cable, and a remainder of the plurality of subunits are coiled about the central portion of the fiber optic cable.

[0048] I. The fiber optic cable of any one of example A through example H, wherein the subunit membrane is configured to protect optical fibers of the at least one subunit for routing into at least one of a splice enclosure or a splice tray, while providing kink-resistance and flexibility sufficient to permit routing.

[0049] J. An example fiber optic cable comprising a plurality of optical fibers, the fiber optic cable comprising:

an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable and an internal passage;

an intermediate layer interior with respect to the internal passage of the outer jacket; and

a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the intermediate layer, at one of the subunits comprising:

a plurality of ribbon cables each comprising a plurality of optical fibers, the ribbon cables defining a major dimension and a minor dimension substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension; and

a subunit membrane comprising a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit,

wherein the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are arranged relative to one another such that a cross-section defined by the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit is substantially cross shaped.

[0050] K. The fiber optic cable of example J, wherein the polymer comprises plasticized polyvinyl chloride.

[0051] L. The fiber optic cable of example J or example K, wherein a first plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are arranged relative to one another, such that the major dimension of the first plurality of ribbon cables overlap one another, and a second plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are arranged relative to one another, such that the major dimension of the second plurality of ribbon cables are substantially perpendicular with respect to the major dimension of the first plurality of ribbon cables.

[0052] M. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example L, wherein each of a first plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit comprises a first number of optical fibers, and each of a second plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit comprises a second number of optical fibers, and wherein at least one of the second plurality is a multiple of the first plurality or the second number is a multiple of the first number.

[0053] N. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example M, wherein the first plurality is four and the first number is twelve.

[0054] O. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example N, wherein: a first plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the first plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a first direction;

a second plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the second plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a second direction substantially perpendicular with respect to the first direction;

a third plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit are each oriented such that the major dimension of each of the third plurality of ribbon cables is aligned with a third direction substantially parallel with respect to the first direction; and

the first plurality of ribbon cables is separated from the third plurality of ribbon cables by the second plurality of ribbon cables.

[0055] P. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example O, wherein: the first plurality of ribbon cables comprises four ribbon cables each comprising twelve optical fibers; the second plurality of ribbon cables comprises eight ribbon cables each comprising twenty -four optical fibers; and

the third plurality of ribbon cables comprises four ribbon cables each comprising twelve optical fibers.

[0056] Q. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example P, wherein at least one of the subunits of the plurality of subunits forms a central portion of the fiber optic cable, and a remainder of the plurality of subunits are coiled about the central portion of the fiber optic cable.

[0057] R. The fiber optic cable of any one of example J through example Q, wherein the subunit membrane is configured to protect optical fibers of the at least one subunit for routin into at least one of a splice enclosure or a splice tray, while providing kink-resistance and flexibility sufficient to permit routing.

[0058] S. An example method for routing and splicing a first plurality of optical fibers of first fiber optic cable to a second plurality of optical fibers of at least one second fiber optic cable, the method comprising:

coupling the first fiber optic cable to a splice enclosure, the first fiber optic cable comprising:

an outer jacket defining an exterior surface of the fiber optic cable; and a plurality of subunits interior with respect to the outer jacket, at least one of the subunits comprising:

a plurality of ribbon cables each comprising a first plurality of optical fibers; and

a subunit membrane comprising a polymer encasing the plurality of ribbon cables of the at least one subunit; removing the outer jacket from a portion of the first fiber optic cable to expose the subunits;

routing the subunits into the splice enclosure;

routing the second plurality of optical fibers of the at least one second fiber optic cable into the splice enclosure;

splicing optical fibers of the subunits to optical fibers of the at least one second fiber optic cable to form spliced optical fiber pairs; and

enclosing the spliced optical fiber pairs in a splice tray.

[0059] T. The method of example S, wherein the first fiber optic cable comprises a plurality of ribbon cables comprising a first number of optical fibers, and the at least one second fiber optic cable comprises a plurality of fiber optic cables comprising a second number of optical fibers, and wherein the first number and the second number are equal.

[0060] U. The method of example S or example T, wherein the method comprises installing a field furcation kit on the at least one second fiber optic cable but not on the first fiber optic cable.