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Title:
FILL PORT ASSEMBLY FOR COUPLING TOOLS TO A FEED PUMP
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2012/047278
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
A fill port assembly for coupling accessories to a feed pump system comprises a feed hose, a mounting plate and a quick-connect adapter. The feed hose has an inlet end for connecting to a feed pump manifold, and an outlet end. The mounting plate comprises a linkage coupled to the mounting plate for joining the fill port assembly to a feed pump system, and a discharge orifice extending through the mounting plate for receiving the outlet end. The quick-connect adapter extends from the mounting plate for joining accessory couplings to the mounting plate adjacent the discharge orifice.

Inventors:
VERBY MATTHEW (US)
GUNDERSON ROBERT J (US)
LINS CHRISTOPHER A (US)
DENESON BRET A (US)
HORNING JEROMY D (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2011/001688
Publication Date:
April 12, 2012
Filing Date:
September 30, 2011
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
GRACO MINNESOTA INC (US)
VERBY MATTHEW (US)
GUNDERSON ROBERT J (US)
LINS CHRISTOPHER A (US)
DENESON BRET A (US)
HORNING JEROMY D (US)
International Classes:
F04B53/10; F04B13/00
Foreign References:
US6484782B12002-11-26
US20080257987A12008-10-23
US20030051753A12003-03-20
US5878925A1999-03-09
Other References:
None
See also references of EP 2622220A4
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
KOMAREC, Stephen, M. et al. (Minneapolis, MN, US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS:

1 . A fill port assembly for coupling accessories to a feed pump system, the fill port assembly comprising:

a feed hose having:

an inlet end for connecting to a feed pump manifold; and an outlet end;

a mounting plate comprising:

a l inkage coupled to the mounting plate for joining the fill port assembly to a feed pump system: and

a discharge orifice extending through the mounting plate for

receiving the outlet end; and

a quick-connect adapter extending from the mounting plate for joining accessory couplings to the mounting plate adjacent the discharge orifice.

2. The fill port assembly of claim 2 wherein the quick-connect adapter comprises:

a pair of mounting lugs extending from the mounting plate. 3. The fill port assembly of claim 2 wherein the linkage comprises a hook.

4. The fill port assembly of claim 2 wherein the linkage further comprises:

a coupli ng plate comprising:

a folded hook portion for suspending the mounting plate from a feed pump system;

a flat mounting portion; and

a discharge hole extending through the flat mounting portion to receive the outlet end of the hose. 5. The fi l l port assembly of claim 4 wherein the mounting plate comprises:

a recti li near body;

a discharge bo e extending through the recti linear body to receive the outlet end of the hose: and a pair of threaded lug bores extending through the rectilinear body to receive the pair of mounting lugs, the pair of mounting lugs being threaded to engage the threaded lug bores.

The fill port assembly of claim 4 and further comprising:

a pair of lug bores extending through the mounting plate; and

a pair of lug holes extending through the flat mounting portion of the

coupling plate;

wherein the pair of mounting lugs are inserted into the pair of lug holes and the pair of lug bores.

The fill port assembly of claim 6 and further comprising:

a slot and hook bulkhead for coupling to the pair of mounting lugs, the slot and hook coupler including an opening for receiving an accessory; and

a pair of nuts engaging the pair of mounting lugs to bring the slot and hook bulkhead into contact with the mounting plate.

The fill port assembly of claim 4 and further comprising:

a self-retaining pin extendi ng through the folded hook portion and the flat mounting portion to prevent the mounting plate from being removed from a feed pump system.

The fill port assembly of claim 1 and further comprising:

a discharge fitting coupled to the outlet end of the hose and extending into the discharĀ«e orifice.

A feed pump comprising:

a pump having an inlet and an outlet:

a hopper coupled to the pump inlet:

a manifold comprisi ng:

an inlet to receive fluid from the pump outlet; and

a controlled flow outlet; a feed hose comprising:

an inlet end coupled to the manifold controlled flow outlet; and an outlet end;

a mounting plate comprising:

a linkage for joining to the feed pump; and

a discharge orifice for receiving the outlet end; and

a quick-connect adapter for joining accessories to the mounting plate

adjacent the discharge orifice.

The feed pump of claim 10 wherein the quick-connect adapter comprises: a pair of mounting lugs extending from the mounting plate.

The feed pump of claim 1 I wherei n the l inkage comprises a hook.

The feed pump of claim 1 1 wherein the linkage further comprises:

a coupling plate comprising:

a folded hook portion for suspending the mounting plate from the feed pump;

a flat mounting portion; and

a discharge hole extending through the flat mounting portion to receive the outlet end of the feed hose.

The feed pump of claim 1 3 wherein the mounting plate comprises:

a rectilinear body;

a discharge bore extending through the recti linear body to receive the outlet end of the feed hose; and

a pair of threaded lug bores extending through the rectilinear body to receive the pair of mounting lugs, the pair of mounting lugs being threaded to engage the threaded lug bores.

The feed pump of c laim 1 3 and further comprising:

a pair of lug bores extending through the mounting plate; and a pair of lug holes extending through the flat mounting portion of the coupling plate;

wherein the pair of mounting lugs are inserted into the pair of lug holes and the pair of lug bores.

The feed pump of claim 15 and further comprising:

a slot and hook bulkhead for coupling to the pair of mounting lugs, the slot and hook bulkhead including an opening for receiving an accessory; and

a pair of nuts engaging the pair of mounting lugs to bring the slot and hook bulkhead i nto contact with the mounting plate.

The feed pump of claim 13 and further comprising:

a self-retaining pin extending through the folded hook portion and the flat mounting portion to prevent the mounting plate from being removed from the feed pump.

The feed pump of claim 10 and further comprising:

a discharge fitting coupled to the outlet end of the feed hose and extending into the discharge orifice.

The feed pump of claim 10 wherein the manifold further comprises:

a continuous flow outlet.

The feed pump of claim 19 and further comprising:

a recirculation hose comprising;

an inlet end coupled to the quick-connect adapter; and

a discharge end disposed within the hopper.

Description:
FILL PORT ASSEMBLY FOR COUPLING TOOLS TO A FEED PUMP

BACKGROUND

The present invention is directed to a tool fill port for use with drywall pumps. Specifically, the invention relates to a fill port assembly that can be added to a continuous flow drywall pump to permit fill ing of drywal l joint compound appl icator tools having various couplings.

Historically, drywall joint compound has been applied manual ly using hand tools, such as trowels. More recently, automated hand tools have been developed to apply drywall joint compound from dispensing tools having internal storage containers that can be filled with a fixed volume of joint compound. Such automated hand tools greatly increase efficiency by reducing time needed to apply the joint compound. The internal storage container is filled using a manual ly operated pump that is inserted into a joint compound bulk container, such as a bucket. After the internal storage container is emptied, the manually operated pump must again be employed to fill the automated hand tool. Each tool couples to the pump outlet using a coupling specifically configured for each tool that that is desired to be coupled to the pump outlet. As is known in the art, various tools exist, such as tapers and finishing tools, to apply joint compound to various drywall locations. Tapers typically require a cam lever coupl i ng having a ball valve for joining a gooseneck to join to the pump outlet, such as shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,878,925 to Denkins et al. Finishing tools, such as corner boxes and flat boxes, typically have a box that must be fil led using a flat nozzle, or duck bill, coupled to the pump outlet, such as shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,785,535 to Ames.

Recently, pump systems configured to provide a continuous flow of joint compound to a tool tethered to the pump through a hose have been developed in order to further save time related to refi lling internal storage containers. Due to the expense of the continuous flow pump system and for the sake of convenience, tools configured for use with these systems typical ly all have the same coupl ing for joini ng with the pump outlet. Thus, continuous flow pump systems are often not compatible with conventional automated hand tools having internal storage containers. SUMMARY

The present invention is directed to a fill port assembly for coupling accessories to a feed pump system. The fill port assembly comprises a feed hose, a mounting plate and a quick-connect adapter. The feed hose has an inlet end for connecting to a feed pump manifold, and an outlet end. The mounting plate comprises a linkage coupled to the mounting plate for joining the fil l port assembly to a feed pump system, and a discharge orifice extending through the mounting plate for receiving the outlet end. The quick-connect adapter extends from the mounting plate for joining tool coupl ings to the mounting plate adjacent the discharge orifice.

BRIEF DESCRI PTION OF TH E DRAWINGS FIG. I is a perspective view of a continuous flow pump system for use with tools for applying drywall joint compound.

FIG. 2 is a close-up perspective view of a manifold for the continuous flow pump system of FIG. 1 showing a controlled flow outlet coupled to a fill port assembly of the present invention and a continuous flow outlet.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the fill port assembly of FIG. 2 showing a feed hose, a mounting plate and a quick connect adapter.

FIG. 4 is a close-up perspective view of the fill port assembly of FIG. 2 attached to a cam lever coupling for a drywall joint compound applicator tool.

FIG. 5 is a close-up perspective view of the fill port assembly of FIG. 2 attached to a fill nozzle coupling for a drywall joint compound applicator tool.

DETAILED DESCRI PTION FIG. 1 is a perspective view of continuous flow pump system 10 for use with tools for applying drywal l joint compound. Pump system 10 comprises cart 12, pump module 14, hopper 16, control panel 1 8 and manifold 20. Cart 1 2 provides a framework upon which components of system 10 can be mounted for convenience and mobi l ity. Cart 12 includes platform bar 12A, handle bar I 2B, frame 12C, wheels 22 and pin 24. Manifold 20 includes control knob 26, power cord 27, feed hose 28, continuous flow outlet 30, control led flow outlet 32 and recirculation hose 34. Hopper 16 includes cover 36 and discharge neck 38. Pump module 14 and hopper 16 are mounted to platform bar 12 A. Handle bar 12B is coupled to platform bar I 2A via frame 12C and wraps around pump module 14 and hopper 16. Handle bar I 2B is inserted into frame 12C and retained within frame I 2C via pin 24. Wheels 22 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1 ) are mounted to platform bar 12A so that system 10 can be wheeled around to different locations. An operator of system 10 can push, pull or otherwise move system 10 using handle bar I 2B.

Control panel 18 is mounted to pump module 14 and is electronically and fluidly coupled to manifold 20 and pump module 14 through appropriate connections. Power cord 27 can be plugged into an electrical power outlet to provide power to pump module 14 and control panel 1 8. Pump module 14 includes a motor that drives a pump coupled to hopper 16 and manifold 20. The pump includes an inlet coupled to hopper neck 38 and an outlet coupled to an inlet of hose 28. Hose 28 feeds into manifold 20. Discharge neck 38 of hopper 16 funnels joint compound to the pump within pump module 14. Hopper 16 includes an access opening, which is closed by cover 36. An operator of system 10 removes cover 36 to fill hopper 16 with drywall joint compound in preparation for use.

After adjusting the settings of system 10, such as pump speed, system pressure, fill capacity, etc., at control panel 1 8, the output of the pump is set using control knob 26 of manifold 20. Manifold 20 includes settings for priming the pump using controlled flow outlet 30 and hose 34, opening the pump to ambient pressure, and discharging joint compound at continuous flow outlet 34 on manifold 30. To prime the pump, hose 34 is inserted into hopper 16 (with cover 26 removed) and control knob 26 of manifold 20 is positioned to discharge joint compound from outlet 32. Thus, joint compound can be circulated from pump module 14 back to hopper 1 6 until the pump is ful ly pressurized and primed. To dispense joint compound, a tool is coupled to outlet 30 and control knob 26 is positioned to discharge joint compound at outlet 30. After operation of system 10 is completed and joint compound is purged from system 10, control knob 26 is rotated to open the pump to ambient pressure so that appropriate cleaning measures can be taken.

Outlet 30 is designed to receive accessories, such as tools, hoses, boxes. finishers, tapers, etc., having the same coupling. These accessories are configured to receive and use the continuous flow of joint compound provided by pump module 14 at outlet 30. Outlet 30 is thereby dedicated for use by continuous flow tools. In the configuration shown, outlet 32 is dedicated for recirculation hose 34. However, not al l drywall tools are compatible with the fitting of outlet 30. In particular, tools not configured to receive a continuous flow of joint compound, i.e. tools having an internal storage container, are often provided with unique couplings configured for joining to dedicated hand pumps. The present invention is directed to a fill port assembly that can be linked to manifold 20 to allow simultaneous joining of continuous flow tools and non-continuous flow tools to system 10. In particular, continuous flow tools are coupled to outlet 30, and a fil l port assembly is coupled to outlet 32 for non-continuous flow tools. The fill port assembly includes a discharge orifice having a quick-connect adapter that permits different couplings to be joined to outlet 32, including a coupl ing for connecting tube 34 for recirculation and priming operations.

FIG. 2 is a close-up perspective view of manifold 20 for conti nuous flow pump system 10 of FIG. 1 showing continuous flow outlet 30 and controlled flow outlet 32 of manifold 20. Controlled flow outlet 32 is coupled to fil l port assembly 40, which is attached to a recirculation hose 34. Fil l port assembly 40 includes mounting plate 42, coupling plate 44, extension hose 46 and quick-connect adapter 48. Coupling plate 44 includes folded hook portion 50, flat mounting portion 52 and pin 54. Pump module 14 includes pump 56. Recirculation coupling 58, which includes bulkhead 60 and fitting 62, is coupled to fill port assembly 40.

Pump module 14, hopper 16, control panel 1 8 and manifold 20 are mounted to cart 12. Drywall joint compound is fed to an inlet of pump 56 by discharge neck 38 of hopper 16. Feed hose 28 supplies joint compound from an outlet of pump 56 to manifold 20. Depending on the position of control knob 26, manifold 20 supplies joint compound to outlet 30 or outlet 32. Controlled flow outlet 32 comprises a fitting that is configured to receive a coupling joined to hose 46 of fill port assembly 40 when control knob is rotated to the left-hand position, as shown. Continuous flow outlet 30 comprises a fitting that is configured to receive couplings of various tools designed to receive a continuous flow of joint compound when control knob 26 is rotated to a right-hand position. Mani fold 20 and pump 56 are opened to ambient pressure when knob is rotated to a downward posit ion.

Continuous flow outlet 30 provides a dedicated outlet for providing joint compound to continuous flow tools. For example, tools distributed by Ames Taping Tools Systems, Inc., Dul uth. GA are configured to be coupled to outlet 30 in one embodi ment of the i vention. In another embodiment, outlet 30 comprises a poppet valve having a threaded collar for receiving a mating threaded hose adapter. Control led flow out let 32 provides an outlet that can be directly coupled to recirculation hose 34 as shown in FIG. I , or that can be coupled to fi ll port assembly 40 as shown in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, outlet 32 comprises a threaded tube onto which mating collars can be threaded. Quick- connect adapter 48 of fill port assembly 40 allows various self-contained tools, such as the taper described in U.S. Patent No. 4,086, 1 2 1 to Ames, to be coupled to pump 56. Additionally, quick-connect adapter 48 can be used to join other accessories, such recirculation hose 34 through recirculation coupling 58.

Fill port assembly 40 is connected to cart 1 2 of system 1 0 by suspending coupling plate 44 from frame I 2C via folded hook portion 50. As such, mounting plate 42 is in position to be joined to controlled flow outlet 32 via hose 46. Mounting plate 42 is joined to flat mounting portion 52 of coupling plate 44 via assembly of quick-connect adapter 48. Quick-connect adapter 48 also joins bulkhead 60 to mounting plate 42. Bulkhead 60 includes fitting 62, which is designed to link with hose 34. Fitting 62 functions equivalently as the fitting comprising outlet 32. Quick-connect adapter 48 is configured to provide an anchor point or junction for joining different types of tool couplings to outlet 32. Thus, bulkheads having different hardware, such as valve mechanisms or fill nozzles, can be joined to mounting plate 42.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of fill port assembly 40 of FIG. 2 showing mounting plate 42, coupling plate 44, feed hose 46, quick connect adapter 48 and discharge fitting 49. Also shown in FIG. 3 is recirculation coupling 58, which includes bulkhead 60, fitting 62 and nuts 64A and 64B. Seal 66 is shown being positioned between bulkhead 60 and mounting plate 42. Quick-connect adapter 48 includes studs 68A and 68B, and washers 70A and 70B. Hose 46 comprises a flexible tubing and includes fitting 72 and threaded tube 74.

Fitting 72 of hose 46 is configured to join with control led flow outlet 32 of manifold 20, and threaded tube 74 is configured to mate with fitti ng 49. Fitting 49 also includes discharge orifice 76. which is inserted through discharge hole 78 in flat mounting portion 52 and into discharge bore 80 in mounting plate 42. Studs 68A and 68B are i nserted through washers 70A and 70B and mounting holes 82A and 82B, respectively, of flat mounting portion 52. Studs 68A and 68B are also coupled to mounti ng bores 84A and 84B, respectively, of mounting plate 42. In one embodiment, studs 68A and 68B comprise threaded fasteners that are threaded into mating threads within bores 84A and 84B . As such, mounting plate 42 can be brought into engagement with coupl ing plate 44. In another embodiment, studs 68A and 68B are secured to coupling plate 44 via threaded engagement with nuts 64A and 64B. Mounting plate 42 comprises a rectilinear body having flat surfaces for adjoining flat mounting portion 52 and bulkheads of adjacent couplers, and is of sufficient thickness to permit joining of fitting 49 and studs 68A and 68B.

Flat coupling portion 52 is linked to cart 12 of system 10 via folded hook portion 50. Folded hook portion 52 comprises a linkage that permits fi l l port assembly 40 to be joined to system 10. Folded hook portion 50 includes forward and aft panels 86A and 86B that align with frame I 2C (FIG. 2). Panel 86A includes pin hole 88A and panel 86B i ncludes another pin hole (not seen in FIG. 3) aligned with pin hole 88A. Self-retaining pin 54 is inserted through pin hole 88 A and the pin hole in panel 86B so as to extend beneath frame 12C, thereby securing fil l port assembly 40 to cart 12. Self-retai ning pin 54 includes deformable clip 90 that is pivotal ly connected to one end of pin 54 and includes a loop to fit over a second end of pin 54 to prevent pin 54 from being removed from coupling plate 44. In other embodiments, other types of self-retaining pins may be used, such as cotter pins.

Discharge orifice 76 of fitting 49 aligns generally flush with discharge bore

80, while studs 68A and 68B extend beyond holes 84A and 84B to permit joining of bulkhead 60 and nuts 64A and 64B. Assembled as such, studs 68A and 68B form a quick- connect coupling that permit different types of coupling devices to be joined to fill port assembly 40. In the i l lustrated embodi ment, bulkhead 60 for recirculation hose 46 (FIG. 2) comprises the accessory attached to mounting plate 42 to receive output from discharge ori fice 76. Bulkhead 60 comprises a slot and hook coupler that easi ly and quickly joins with studs 68A and 68B. In particular, slot 92 slips onto stud 68A and bulkhead 60 is rotated about stud 68A until hook 94 slides over stud 68B. Seal 66 comprises felt, cardboard, or some other seali ng material that prevents leaking of joi nt compound between bulkhead 60 and mounting plate 42. Seal 66 approximates the profile of bul khead 60 and includes openings for matching with bores 80, 84A and 84B. Nuts 64A and 64B inc lude flanges to provide gripping poi nts for easi ly rotating nuts 64A and 64B on studs 68A and 68B. Nuts 64A and 64B are threaded onto studs 68A and 68B, respectively, to bring bulkhead 60 into fixed engagement with mounting plate 42. In such a position, opening 96 of bulkhead 60 aligns with discharge bore 80 in mounting plate 42. Opening 96 receives fitting 62, which al lows reci rculation hose 46 to be joi ned to bulkhead 60. Specifically, fining 62 includes a first end configured to be inserted securely into opening 96, and a second end over which hose 46 is securely fitted. The second end of fitti ng 62 provides an equivalent fitting as outlet 32, over which hose 46 can be slid or otherwise joined. Studs 68A and 68B, however, permit other types of couplings to quickly and easily join to fill port assembly 40.

FIG. 4 is a close-up perspective view of fill port assembly 40 of FIG. 2 attached to cam lever coupling 100 for a drywall joint compound application tool (not shown). FIG. 4 shows continuous flow pump system 10 including the same elements as shown in FIG. 2, with recirculation coupling 58 being replaced by cam lever coupling 100. Cam lever coupling 100 includes bul khead 102. tube 104, sleeve 106, gooseneck 108 and lever 1 10. Cam lever coupling 100 is typically used to join taping tools to fill port assembly 40. Cam lever coupling 100, including bulkhead 102, is an alternative coupling to that of recirculation coupling 58, including bul khead 60. Bulkhead 102 and bulkhead 60 are each configured to allow different accessories to be attached to discharge orifice 80. Each is configured to join to studs 68A and 68B of quick-connect adapter 48.

Mounting plate 42 is secured to pump system 10 through coupling plate 44 as previously described. Mounting plate 42 includes studs 68A and 68B (FIG. 3) onto which nuts 64A and 64B are threaded to join bulkhead 102 with fill port assembly 40. Bulkhead 102 comprises a slot and hook coupler comparable to bulkhead 60. However, bulkhead 60 includes tube 104 that surrounds an opening similar to opening 96 in bulkhead 60. Sleeve 106 attaches to tube 104 to join gooseneck 108 to system 10. As is known in the art, a valve assembly is positioned between sleeve 106 and tube 104 that is actuated as levers I 10 push tube 104 into sleeve 106.

Cam lever coupling 100 of the present invention includes bulkhead 102 that allows tube 104 to be joined to quick-connect adapter 48 of fill port assembly 40. Bulkhead 102 aligns tube 104 with discharge bore 80 (FIG. 3) of mounting plate 42 so joint compound from hose 46 is directed into gooseneck 108. Gooseneck 108 comprises an attachment tube used to fill taping tools, as is known in the art. Bulkhead 102 is secured in the same manner as bulkhead 60 of FIGS. 2 and 3. Other types of bulkheads cau be coupled to fill port assembly 40 using quick-connect adapter 48.

FIG. 5 is a close-up perspective view of fill port assembly 40 of FIG . 2 attached to fi ll nozzle coupling 1 1 2 for a drywal l joint compound application tool (not shown). Fi ll nozzle coupl ing 1 1 2 i ncludes bulkhead 1 14, tube 1 16 and duck bi ll 1 1 8. Mounting plate 42 is secured to pump system 10 through coupling plate 44 as previously described. Bulkhead 1 14 of the present invention comprises a plate havi ng two holes for receiving studs 68A and 68B of quick-connect adapter 48 (FIG. 3). As such, bulkhead 1 14 is slid axially over studs 68A and 68B. Nuts 64A and 64B secure bulkhead 1 14 to mounting plate 42. Bulkhead 1 14 is attached to tube 1 16 that receives conventional duck bill 1 1 8. Duck bill 1 1 8 is inserted into a box of a finishing tool, such as a corner box or flat box as are known in the art, so that pump system 10 can be operated to fill the box with joint compound ahead of use.

Fi ll nozzle coupling 1 12 and bulkhead 1 14, are alternatives to 1 ) recirculation coupling 58 and bulkhead 60, and 2) cam lever coupling 100 and bulkhead 102. Bulkhead I 14, bulkhead 102 and bulkhead 60 are each configured to al low different accessories to be attached to discharge orifice 80. Each is configured to join to studs 68 A and 68B of quick-connect adapter 48.

The present invention provides a fi ll port assembly that enables couplers having different accessories, such as tools, recirculation hoses, duck bills, goosenecks, etc., to be joined to a manifold outlet of a continuous flow pump. In particular, the fill port assembly includes a quick-connect adapter that permits bulkheads of different accessories to be joined to a mounting plate having an orifice for discharging a fluid, such as drywal l joint compound. In the disclosed embodiment, the quick-connect adapter comprises a pair of studs to which a bulkhead having a pair of holes or a slot and hook configuration can be coupled. The fill port assembly includes a mounting plate having a discharge orifice that receives fluid from the manifold of the pump. The discharge orifice may include a fitting that enables a hose to be more readily coupled to the mounting plate. The mounting plate also includes a linkage, such as a hook, that allows the fill port assembly to be removably attached to the continuous flow pump. In one embodiment, the linkage comprises an additional plate coupled to the mounting plate havi ng a hole that aligns with the discharge orifice. In other embodiments, the linkage can be integral to the mounti ng plate. The fi ll port assembly of the present invention can be retrofitted to manifolds of existing continuous flow pump systems or can be included in new continuous flow pump systems. As such, fi l l port assemblies, such as those depicted i n FIG. 3, can be sold as kits separate from the continuous flow pump system.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skil led in the art wi l l recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.