FIRE EXTINGUISHER WITH INTERNAL MIXING AND GAS CARTRIDGE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[Para 1 ] This application is a continuation-in-part of applicant's co-pending application 1 4/704,820 filed on May 5 , 201 5 which is a continuation-in-part of application

1 4/31 3,761 filed June 24, 201 4 the entire contents of which is hereby expressly

incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[Para 2] This invention relates to improvements in portable fire extinguishers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fire extinguisher that uses a replaceable gas cartridge that provides a propellant to push fire extinguishing media outside of the fire extinguisher.

BACKGROUND ART

[Para 3] Most portable fire extinguishers are of a similar design where the fire extinguishing powder is contained in a continuously pressurized chamber. Fire

extinguishers of this type require scheduled maintenance by trained and certified

technicians with certification issued by the fire marshal for each state. This maintenance involves discharging, cleaning, and refilling the extinguisher. If not done periodically, the powder within the chamber becomes compacted and/or the pressu re within the chamber may leak and be insufficient to propel the powder out of the dispensing nozzle. If maintenance is not done correctly, moisture absorption by the extingu ishing powder will cause caking and block the dispensing nozzle. The aforementioned conditions would prevent the proper dispensing of extinguishing powder when needed.

[Para 4] Current extinguishers are open to wear and tear because of the constant pressure and tear down process. When serviced they are discharged into a recycling chamber and all the parts must be disassembled and cleaned. All the pressu re rings must be replaced and every part must then be re-assembled with new powder being placed within the chamber prior to pressurizing the chamber. The servicing of current fire extinguishers often creates more wear and tear on the fire extinguisher than when it is used to extinguish a fire.

[Para 5] U.S. Patent Number 6, 1 89,624 issued to James on February 20, 2001 and Japan Patent Number JP 9,225,056 issued to Yamazaki Tomoki on September 2, 1 997 discloses fire extinguishing mechanisms where the chamber is not continuously pressurized, and the pressurized cartridge is a separate entity integrated within the chamber. While these patents disclose a separate pressurized cartridge, the cartridge is not located in a position that is easy to service, replace, or inspect. This minimizes the ability to determine the charge level of the pressurized cartridge.

[Para 6] U.S. Patent Number 2 , 541 ,554 ("US '551 ") issued to C H Smith on February 1 3, 1 951 and Russian Patent Number RU 2,209, 1 01 ("RU Ί 0Γ) issued to Glavatski G. D. Et Al. November 2, 2002 discloses a fire extinguisher with an external CO2 gas cartridge. In the case of US '554 the CO2 gas cartridge sits on top of the fire extinguisher chamber and is not integrated within the handle of the fire extinguisher. In the case of RU ' 1 01 the CO2 gas cartridge is external to the extinguisher and is connected to the extinguisher with a pipe or hose. While both of these patents disclose a CO2 cartridge that is external to the chamber, neither of them is placed in the handle to allow a configuration of the fire extinguisher that is simple to inspect and replace.

[Para 7] U.S. Patent Number 7, 1 28, 1 63 issued on November 21 , 2006, U.S. Patent Number 7,31 8,484 issued on January 1 5, 2008 and U.S. Patent Number 7,793,737 issued September 1 4, 201 0, all to Hector Rousseau disclose a fire extinguisher with a gas cartridge in the handle and a fluffing mechanism. While these patents have similar features, the gas cartridge is oriented to discharge vertically upwards. When gas is discharged from a cartridge containing compressed liquefied gas, such as CO2 , evaporation must occur from the contained liquid in order to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium with the cartridge. Heat is required to drive the evaporation, and if the available heat from the surrounding cartridge environment is insufficient, the compressed liquefied gas temperature and pressure will drop. For CO2 , if the pressure drops below 75 psig, liquid CO2 will solidify into dry ice. Since cartridge-style fire extinguishers are usually used immediately after puncturing the cartridge, any dry ice formed will not have time to absorb enough heat to phase change into gas and contribute to the effective discharge of the fire extinguisher. This effect is magnified at low environmental temperatures, where existing commercial cartridge-style fire extinguishers have been measured to waste 40% by mass of the CO2 charge when conditioned at -40°C. However, even though this gas is unused during typical discharge, the extinguisher must be structurally designed based on the full pressurizing gas load, leading to less than optimal designs. In addition, based on the u nique properties of CO2 , torturous paths between the fire extinguisher main chamber and the cartridge must be avoided to minimize the risk of blocking the flow path with dry ice or freezing valves due to resulting low temperatures from CO2 expansion.

[Para 8] Due to the pressurized condition that exists with pressurized fire extinguishers, the opening where powder is placed into the extinguisher is limited due to the structural requirement to maintain pressure within the chamber at all times. The proposed

application eliminates this need by providing an external gas cartridge, thus allowing the chamber to exist in a normally un-pressurized condition. Because the chamber is not under pressure the top opening of the extinguisher can be enlarged to allow easier filling of the fire extinguisher with powder, or checking the amount and or condition of the powder within the chamber.

[Para 9] What is needed is a fire extinguisher with a replaceable gas cartridge where the gas cartridge is oriented to discharge only liquid propellant into the body of the

extinguisher and the fire extinguisher further has a fluffer that is accessible from outside the chamber, and the chamber has an enlarged top opening for filling the extinguisher. The proposed fire extinguisher provides this solution by providing a fire extinguisher with an external gas cartridge oriented to discharge downward, external mechanism to actuate an internal fluffer, and a large opening. By discharging the compressed liquefied gas

downward, liquid is discharged into the fire extinguisher, and as such, the cartridge does not need to absorb nearly as much heat to drive the necessary evaporation to maintain temperature and pressure within the cartridge above the triple point, and thus, solidification of the propellant is avoided. For compressed liquefied CO2, this concept has been experimentally demonstrated to discharge nearly 1 00% of the CO2 from the cartridge, even with the fire extinguisher preconditioned to -40°C.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[Para 10] It is an object of the fire extinguisher to eliminate the need for service personnel to enter secure areas. The extinguisher can have a higher level of service; can be operated by automatic "self-service" and or manually serviced by the owner or end user. This eliminates the need for non-employees to enter the privacy of business and

government areas. This extinguisher can be operated, maintained, refilled, and charged with minimal training and without need for custom equipment.

[Para 1 1 ] The reduced outside servicing and maintenance of the fire extinguisher is ideal for placement of the fire extinguisher in secure areas. This will reduce or eliminate the possibility that a terrorist cou ld utilize the fire extinguisher as a weapon, or use false identity as an extinguisher service person to gain access to a secure area.

[Para 1 2] It is an object of the fire extinguisher to provide a fire extinguisher with an external gas cartridge. The inverted external gas cartridge allows the liquid within the gas cartridge to vent directly into the fire extinguisher. Well accepted gas cartridges, such as CO2 or nitrogen cartridges, that are used in other applications can be adapted to operate with the fire extinguisher. Since the gas cartridge is external to the chamber it can be easily replaced or swapped without replacing the entire fire extinguisher. This provides a tremendous benefit when a large number of fire extinguishers need to be serviced at one time.

[Para 1 3] It is another object of the fire extinguisher to provide a fire extinguisher with an optional externally accessible fluffing mechanism. The size, structure and necessity of the fluffing mechanism can be based upon the size of the fire extinguisher. The externally accessible fluffing mechanism promotes anti-bridging of the powder within the chamber to keep it fluffed, agitated, stirred or disturbed to prevent caking of the powder and keep the powder in a liquefied state to ensure proper discharge onto a fire. The fluffing is

accomplished with paddles, flapper, chains rods or other mixing mechanisms located within the chamber. The mixing mechanism is accessed by a connection on the top, bottom or side of the chamber and can be either manually operated or operated with a tool of some type.

[Para 14] It is still another object of the fire extinguisher to provide a fire extinguisher with an enlarged filling opening. The enlarged filling opening makes it easier and faster to fill and or empty the chamber. The top can also be easily removed to visually inspect the condition of the powder within the chamber.

[Para 1 5] It is still another object of the fire extinguisher to provide a quick opening and closing top housing thereby allowing a user to quickly open and refill the fire extinguisher. This also allows a fire fighter the load the desired fire extinguishing media based upon the type of fire.

[Para 16] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

[Para 17] FIG. l shows a perspective view of the fire extinguisher.

[Para 18] FIG.2 shows a cross-sectional view of the fire extinguisher.

[Para 19] FIG.3 shows a detailed view of the dispensing valve.

[Para 20] FIG.4 shows a sectional view of the head of the fire extinguisher.

[Para 21 ] FIG.5A, SB and 5C show stages of removing the safety device prior to discharging the fire extinguisher.

[Para 22] FIG.6 shows a detailed view of the pressurized gas cartridge puncturing mechanism.

[Para 23] FIG.7 shows a detail cross-sectional view of the puncture pin.

[Para 24] FIG.8 shows a graph of the amount of Dry Ice that is generated based upon the orientation of the pressurized gas.

[Para 25] FIG.9 shows the fluffing and siphon tube.

[Para 26] FIG. l 0 shows a detail of the multiple siphon intake holes and the fluffing arm.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[Para 27] FIG. l shows an exterior perspective view of the fire extinguisher 1 9. The fire extinguisher 1 9 is substantially a cylindrical shape with a bottom housing 20 and top housing 30. In the preferred embodiment the bottom housing 20 and top housing 30 is made from a lightweight resilient material such as plastic, but could also be made of other materials, including steel, brass, copper or aluminum. The bottom housing 20 may further be fabricated from a transparent material to allow for visual inspection within the fire extinguisher 1 9. The top housing 30 is screwed onto the bottom housing 20, but it could also be attached with a bayonet or latching mechanism. The bottom housing 20 has an enlarged opening to allow easier filling of the bottom housing 20 with fire su ppressant materials. A wall hanging mechanism can be incorporated into the top housing 30 of the fire extinguisher 1 9, or could wrap arou nd the body of the bottom housing 20, or could fork the top housing 30 of the fire extinguisher 1 9.

[Para 28] With reference to FIG. 1 & 2, a handle 40 allows the operator to hold the fire extinguisher 1 9 by placing a hand through the grip area 41 . This allows the fire

extinguisher 1 9 to be held in an upright orientation when it is being transported or used. The fire extinguisher 1 9 can also be stored and or transported in the upright orientation, but the upright orientation is not critical for the storage or operation of the fire extinguisher 1 9. Partially within the handle 40 and top housing 30 a replaceable pressurized gas cartridge 50 is located under a transparent portion 42 of handle 40. The transparent portion 42 provides the ability to verify that the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is installed within the fire extinguisher 1 9. While in the preferred embodiment the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is shown partially within the handle 40 and top housing 30 other locations are contemplated. [Para 29] The replaceable pressurized gas cartridge 50 consists essentially of a compressed gas cartridge of CO2, but cartridges of different types of gas are possible that do not promote spreading of a fire. Because the gas within the cartridge is under high pressure and possibly in a liquid state, a small cartridge of propellant is required to expel the internal fire suppressant material 99 of the fire extinguisher 1 9. It is also contemplated that multiple gas cartridges can be used to accommodate a larger fire extinguisher without deviating from the inventive nature of the design. Pressurized gas cartridges are available and can be replaced or serviced without the need to service the entire fire extinguisher 1 9. The handle 40 and its transparent portion 42 provides protection to the pressurized gas cartridge 50 in the event the fire extinguisher 1 9 is dropped or roughly handled. A trigger mechanism 60 activates the pressurized gas cartridge 50 to pressurize the chamber 22 and expel the fire suppressant material 99 into and out of the hose 81 and exit port 90.

[Para 30] While some figures in this document show and describe a flexible hose 81 , some contemplated embodiments may include a duct, hollow passage or nozzle 97 where the fire extinguishing media passes from the body of the fire extinguisher out of the nozzle 97 to extinguish a fire. A control valve lever 92 opens and closes the exit port 90 or to prevent fire suppressant material 99 from pouring out of the extinguisher when the chamber is pressurized. When a nozzle 97 is used, a control valve can be located near the nozzle to control the flow of fire extinguishing media out of the fire extinguisher. The puncturing mechanism of the pressurized gas cartridge and the path from the gas cartridge 50 into the chamber 22 is shown and described in figure 2.

[Para 31 ] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of fire extinguisher 1 9. An operator can place their hand or glove through the grip area 41 of the handle 40 to carry, transport or use the fire extinguisher 1 9 with either hand. Fire suppressant material 99 is placed into chamber 22 within the bottom housing 20 through an enlarged cylindrical opening 70 when the top housing 30 is disengaged from the bottom housing 20. Over time the fire su ppressant material 99 will become compressed and compacted in the bottom of the chamber 22. When the fire suppressant material 99 is compacted, risk of improper discharge increases. Within the fire extinguisher 1 9 a plurality of fluffing arms 1 20 are arranged on a central shaft 1 1 0. A fluffing wheel 1 00 can be accessed from the underside of the fire extinguisher 1 9. Rotating the fluffing wheel 1 00 will re-fluff the fire suppressant material 99 to minimize risk of improper discharge of suppressant material 99 from the fire extinguisher 1 9. Turning the fluffing wheel 1 00 will provide similar loosening of the fire su ppressant material 99 as might be found in a food mixer.

[Para 32] Polycarbonate is a cost effective candidate for providing a transparent bottom housing 20, however when polycarbonate is in contact with ammonia gas that is the main constituent of ABC dry chemical, material degradation will occur, especially at elevated temperatures, there is a need to isolate or protect the polycarbonate from direct exposure. When using polycarbonate material, the interior of the bottom housing 20 is preferably coated with a transparent protection coating 21 with a Siloxane base, or equivalent. This coating 21 improves chemical and abrasion resistance as well as provides UV protection. The coating 21 can be applied in any number of methods to isolate the polycarbonate exposure to Monoammonium phosphate and any emitted ammonia gas. The coating 21 would provide necessary chemical resistance whereas the polycarbonate bottom housing 20 would provide necessary strength and impact resistance.

[Para 33] In another contemplated embodiment, construct the bottom housing 20 as a transparent cylinder from two separate cylinders where the inner cylinder 21 is inserted into the outer cylinder 23 of bottom housing 20. This could be accomplished by insert molding a transparent inner cylinder of tritan, acrylic, san or an equivalently performing other material into the polycarbonate outer cylinder 23. The outer cylinder 23 of would be polycarbonate, and would serve to provide the assembly with necessary strength and impact resistance, whereas, the inner cylinder 21 would provide the necessary chemical resistance to Monoammonium phosphate. For these embodiments the strength of the inner cylinder 21 could be sufficient to ensure safe operation in the event outer cylinder 23 of bottom housing 20 is damaged from a severe environment or impact.

[Para 34] To expel fire suppressant material 99 from within the fire extinguisher 1 9 an operator must puncture the pressurized gas cartridge 50. The pressurized gas cartridge 50 is secured by threads 52 or otherwise secured into the top housing of the fire extinguisher 1 9. Within the top housing 30 a replaceable pressurized gas cartridge 50 is located under a transparent portion 42 of handle 40. The handle 40 and its transparent portion 42 provides protection to the pressurized gas cartridge 50 in the event of the fire extinguisher being dropped, and also allows the operator to verify that the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is installed within the fire extinguisher 1 9. To puncture the pressurized gas cartridge 50 the operator lowers or rotates the trigger mechanism 60 that pushes the puncture pin 62 into the pressurized gas cartridge 50. Details of the trigger mechanism 60 and the puncture pin 62 is shown and described in more detail in figures 6 and 7. Once the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is punctured the gas and or liquid will be forced into the chamber 22.

[Para 35] When liquefied gas is discharged from pressurized gas cartridge 50,

evaporation must occur from the contained liquid in order to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium within the pressurized gas cartridge 50. To maintain thermodynamic

equilibrium heat is required to drive the evaporation. If the available heat from the su rrounding cartridge environment is insufficient the compressed liquefied gas temperature and pressure will drop. For liquefied CO2, if the pressure drops below 75 psig, the liquid CO2 will solidify into dry ice. If dry ice forms, the dry ice will not have time to absorb enough of the surrounding thermal mass to heat the dry ice to change phase into gas and contribute to the effective discharge of the fire extinguisher 1 9.

[Para 36] The forming of dry ice is exacerbated in low temperatures. Testing agencies such as UL, CSA, and others require operation of a fire extinguisher at temperatures down to -40°C (-40 ). If a pressurized gas cartridge with CO2 is oriented with the discharge port vertical in an upright position (i.e., with threads 52 in the upper position), testing has shown that up to 40% of the CO2 (by mass) can remain in the form of dry ice after completion of the fire extinguishers' discharge. When the pressurized gas cartridge 50 contains CO2 and is oriented in an inverted orientation (i.e., with threads 52 in the lower position), the cartridge does not need to absorb nearly as much heat to evaporate the liquid CO2 from the pressurized gas cartridge 50 to maintain temperature and pressure above the triple point, and thus, creation of dry ice within the cartridge 50 is avoided. This concept has been experimentally demonstrated to discharge nearly 1 00% of the CO2 from the cartridge, even with the fire extinguisher preconditioned to -40°C (-40 ). Once the CO2 enters the chamber 22, there is sufficient heat and surface area in the comparatively large volume to rapidly convert liquid CO2 into gaseous CO2.

[Para 37] The mixture of fire suppressant material 99 and gas are pushed through the central shaft 1 1 0 and then through the flow path 80 in the top housing 30 where they are pushed through hose 81 to a manually operable valve 95 and are expelled out of the exit port 90. The central shaft 1 1 0 has an integral siphon tube 1 1 2 where fire suppressant material 99 is pushed into multiple holes in the bottom of the central shaft 1 1 0 through integral siphon tube 1 1 2. The dispensing nozzle 96 has a valve 95 that is operated with a control rod 94 to open and close the valve 95. The control rod 94 holds the valve 95 closed with a spring 93. An operator depresses the control valve lever 92 to overcome the spring 93 and opens the valve 95. The dispensing nozzle 96 can be operated by either hand. This is shown and described in more detail in figure 3.

[Para 38] FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the dispensing nozzle 96. This view shows a portion of the handle 40 and the grip area 41 . The top housing 30 includes a flow path 80 from within the fire extinguisher 1 9, through the top housing 30. With the valve 95 in the closed position, the fire extinguisher 1 9 can remain in a pressurized condition after the pressurized gas cartridge 50 has been punctured. In this "primed" condition all of the pressure and fire suppressant material 99 within the fire extinguisher 1 9 is controlled by the valve 95. The dispensing nozzle 96 has a valve 95 that is connected to a control rod 94. The control rod 94 is pulled back to permit flow from the hose 81 to the exit port 90.

[Para 39] An operator can hold dispensing nozzle 96 of the fire extinguisher 1 9 in one hand and operate the lever 92 with the same hand. The operator can then direct the dispensing nozzle 96 at the fire. When the lever 92 is depressed, the lever will press against spring 93 and slide the control rod 94 to open the valve 95. When the valve 95 is opened fire suppressant material 99 will flow out of the exit port 90. When the lever 92 is released the spring 93 will close the valve 95 to prevent further dispensing of fire

su ppressant material 99. This will retain pressure within the chamber 22 of fire

extinguisher 1 9.

[Para 40] FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the top housing 30 of the fire extinguisher 1 9. The handle 40 allows the operator to hold the fire extinguisher 1 9 by placing a hand through the grip area 41 . Trigger mechanism 60 is connected to a lift plate 55 that lifts the puncture pin 62 into the sealed end of the pressurized gas cartridge 50 under the transparent portion 42 of handle 40. The pressurized gas cartridge 50 is secured by threads 52 or otherwise secured into the top housing 30. Detail of the trigger mechanism 60 and the puncture pin 62 is shown and described in more detail in figures 5 and 6. When cartridge 50 is filled with compressed liquid CO2, the flow path between the pressurized gas cartridge 50 and the inside of the fire extinguisher 1 9 must be as smooth as possible to limit the risk of dry ice forming that can block or restrict the flow path. The bottom housing 20 is shown connected to the top housing 30. When valve 95 is opened, static pressure from CO2 or compressed gas from the gas cartridge 50 pushes the fire

su ppressant material 99 down into the openings of central shaft 1 1 0 and up through integral siphon tube 1 1 2 and then through the flow path 80 to the hose 81 . If seals 1 09 leak with respect to top housing 30, gas from gas cartridge 50 will bypass suppressant material 99 and travel directly into flow path 80 and eventually out valve 95, leading to reduced range and discharge amount of suppressant material 99. To ensure proper assembly of seals 1 09 to top housing 30, guide features of the top housing 30 capture central shaft 1 1 0 du ring installation of bottom housing 20 to top housing 30.

[Para 41 ] FIG. 5A, 5 B and 5C show stages of repositioning the safety knob 72 prior to discharging the fire extinguisher 1 9. The initial stage at 5A is how the fire extinguisher 1 9 will exist prior to activation. In this position the safety knob 72 restricts the trigger mechanism 60 from moving. The safety knob 72 is essentially rectangular thereby locking or blocking the trigger mechanism 60 in one orientation and allowing the sides of the trigger mechanism 60 to pass by the safety knob 72 when the safety knob 72 is rotated 90 degrees. The opposing vertical sides of the trigger mechanism 60 are secured with flange portions 76 of safety knob 72. To allow for activation, safety knob 72 is rotated 68. Safety knob 72 can be operated by either hand. [Para 42] In figure 5 B the safety knob 72 is shown in the vertical orientation to allow the trigger mechanism 60 to pass by the sides of the safety knob 72. When the safety knob 72 is rotated, the rotation causes internal pins 74 to shear and release or eject the tamper indicator 73. The release of the tamper indicator 73 identifies that the fire extinguisher 1 9 may have been discharged and requires service inspection. Also, when the safety knob 72 is in the vertical orientation, access to the gas cartridge 50 by opening transparent portion 42 of handle 40 has been blocked. The design prevents the insertion of a new pressurized gas cartridge 50 without the trigger mechanism 60 returned to an upright and locked orientation to prevent puncturing the new pressurized gas cartridge 50 upon insertion.

[Para 43] In figure 5C an operator can then pull or push the trigger mechanism 60 downward 69 to where the trigger mechanism 60 is shown in a lower position 67 (as dashed lines). When the trigger mechanism 60 is rotated from the upper to the lower position 67 the puncture pin 62 is pushed into and punctures the pressurized gas cartridge 50. The trigger mechanism 60 can be operated by either hand.

[Para 44] FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of the pressurized gas cartridge 50 puncturing mechanism. The pressurized gas cartridge 50 is secured by threads 52 into a retainer 56 within the top housing 30. The pressurized gas cartridge 50 and the threaded retainer 56 remain stationary as the end of the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is punctured. From this figure, one set of fasteners and duplicate parts has been removed for viewing. The trigger mechanism 60 pivots through an axis 58 to increase the mechanical advantage to puncture the end of the pressurized gas cartridge 50. The free ends of the trigger mechanism 60 are connected to lift rods 53 and return springs 54 that maintain the trigger mechanism 60 in a normal condition where the puncture pin 62 is not in contact with the end of the

pressurized gas cartridge 50. Lift rods 53 (only one shown) are connected together and operate in unison to lift the lift plate 55 in a parallel relationship to raise the puncture pin 62 in a linear motion.

[Para 45] FIG. 7 shows a detail cross-sectional view of the puncture pin 62. The puncture pin 62 has a pointed end 61 to puncture the seal on the end of the pressurized gas cartridge 50. A partially hollowed center 65 allows gas or liquid CO2 to pass from the pressurized gas cartridge 50 into the chamber 22 of the fire extinguisher 1 9 even when pin 62 is held in the punctu ring position within gas cartridge 50. The puncture pin 62 has a taper 66 to increase the size of the hole as the pin is inserted into the pressurized gas cartridge 50 and the taper 66 provides draft for the pin to readily eject from cartridge 50 via force applies by springs 54. One end of the puncture pin 62 has assembly feature 64 where the puncture pin 62 is retained onto the lift plate 55. An enlarged shank 63 supports the puncture pin 62 between the assembly feature 64 and the partially hollowed center 65. Since the puncture pin 62 is rigidly supported, inadvertent puncturing of gas cartridge 50 during drop event or rough usage is avoided.

[Para 46] Fire extinguishers generally require approval from regulatory agencies such as Underwriters Laboratory (UL). For most fire extinguishers the housing is pressurized. The fire extinguisher disclosed in this document uses a separate pressurized cartridge 50 that is filled with liquefied gas that must exit the cartridge 50 and expand into the bottom housing 20.

[Para 47] For cartridge-operated extinguishers an interval of 5 seconds is able to elapse after the cartridge is punctured in order that pressure builds up before discharge of the agent is initiated. An extinguisher shall have duration of discharge not less than either 8 seconds, or the minimum duration specified in the Standard for Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers. [Para 48] When the charged extinguisher is held in a vertical position, with the discharge nozzle in the horizontal position. The extinguisher then is to be discharged, and the duration to gas point and amount of dry chemical discharged recorded.

[Para 49] Based upon the ambient temperature and the orientation of the gas canister, different amounts of dry ice (solid CO2) is retained within a CO2 cartridge when discharged vertically upward; conversely, a minimum amount of dry ice was retained when discharged vertically downward.

[Para 50] FIG. 8 shows a graph of the amount of Dry Ice that is generated based upon the orientation of the pressurized gas. The graph shows the amount of Dry Ice at the

temperatures of 70 45 and -40 ^° F 46. At 70 ^° F nearly all orientation positions show that very little Dry Ice is generated. At -40°F the amount of Dry Ice can go from a high of over 40% when the cartridge is in a vertical orientation 47, or about 1 5% when the cartridge 48 is in a horizontal 48 to almost 0% when the cartridge 50 is inverted 49. The inverted cartridge 50 pushes liquid C02 out of the cartridge 50 as the liquid within the C02 cartridge 50 of the lighter weight vaporized gas pushes the heavier liquid within the C02 out of the opening of the cartridge 50 as the cartridge is engaged 52 into the fire extinguisher 1 9.

[Para 51 ] These results were measured when pressurized liquid CO2 cartridges were conditioned at either 70Ύ or -40 ^° F and then discharged in various orientations. Dry ice remaining within the cartridges was measured 30 seconds after puncturing the cartridge .

[Para 52] FIG. 9 shows the fluffing arms 1 20 and integral siphon tube 1 1 2. In this preferred embodiment the fluffing arms 1 20 and integral siphon tube 1 1 2 are fabricated as a single unit around a central shaft 1 1 0. While this embodiment shows a siphon tube 1 1 2 with fluffing arms or blades 1 20, some embodiments are contemplated that may not incorporated the fluffing arms or blades 1 20. The inclusion of the fluffing arms or blades I 20 is generally dictated by the capacity and rating of the fire extinguisher. The bottom cap 1 1 1 of the central shaft 1 1 0 fits into the bottom of the fire extinguisher 1 9. Seals around the bottom cap 1 1 1 prevent pressurized gas from passing out of the bottom of the fire extinguisher 1 9. Seals 1 09 on the upper end of the central shaft 1 1 0 prevent bypass of pressurized gas directly into flow path 80 and eventually out valve 95 , leading to reduced range and discharge amount of suppressant material 99. The seals 1 09 and the seals around the bottom cap 1 1 1 allow for the central shaft 1 1 0 to be rotated within the fire extinguisher 1 9. To aide in manufacturing, bottom cap 1 1 1 , integral siphon tube 1 1 2 , and/or fluffing arms 1 20 may be separate parts or combined in any efficient manner.

[Para 53] The integral siphon tube 1 1 2 is constructed with an elongated tube member

I I 9 having the blades 1 20 molded with the elongated tube. A bottom cap 1 1 1 is secured to the elongated tube 1 1 9 by ultrasonic welding or the like.

[Para 54] Because the pressurized gas cartridge 50 is inverted, essentially only liquefied gas exits and expands into gas within the fire extinguisher 1 9 therefore essentially all of the gas within the cartridge is expelled. Because the liquid / gas is expelled at a rapid rate a pressure wave 1 1 3 traveling nearly the speed of sound pushes onto the top of the fluffing arms 1 20. A gusset 1 1 6 supports the fluffing arm 1 20 and prevents the fluffing arm 1 20 from being sheared off by the pressure wave. In a short period of time, pressure within the fire extinguisher 1 9 stabilizes. Once valve 95 is opened, the static pressure within chamber 22 pushes the fire suppressant material 99 toward at least one intake hole 1 1 4 in the bottom of the central shaft 1 1 0 shown in the other figures herein.

[Para 55] FIG. l 0 shows a detail of the multiple intake holes 1 1 4 and the fluffing arm(s) 1 20. The fluffing arms 1 20 are narrow, crowned, staggered, and tapered 1 1 5 to minimize turning resistance while maximizing mixing of packed fire suppressant material 99 and flow of pressurized suppressant material 99 during discharge. Holes 1 1 7 in the fluffing arms 1 20 allow fire suppressant material 99 to pass around the fluffing arms 1 20 and the su pport gusset 1 1 6. The pressure wave 1 1 3 of liquefied gas is shown pushing down on the arm 1 20. The bottom of the central shaft 1 1 0 shows the multiple intake holes 1 1 4 where the fire suppressant material 99 is pushed or siphoned into the intake holes 1 1 4 and through the integral siphon tube 1 1 2 where they can exit the fire extinguisher 1 9 through the hose 81 and dispensing nozzle 96. The bottom seals exist in recesses in the bottom cap 1 1 1 of the central shaft 1 1 0. The lower portion 1 1 8 of the bottom cap 1 1 1 is

configured with a head for external gripping with a wheel that allows the central shaft 1 1 0 to be rotated externally. In this embodiment the drive is shaped like a "+", but other shapes are contemplated that will provide essentially equivalent capability.

[Para 56] Thus, specific embodiments of a portable fire extinguisher have been disclosed. It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[Para 57] The industrial applicability relates to fire extinguishers.