[0001] This application claims the 35 U.S.C. § 120 benefit. of provisional U.S. patent application Serial Nos. 62/355,093, filed June 27, 2016, and 62/452,582, filed January 3 L the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

10002] The present invention relates to silicones and, more particularly, to triaryl silicon- containing compounds useful, inter alia, as flame retardants for polymers and. to resin compositions for which flame retardant capability is desired,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIO

[0003] For many applications of resins (solid polymers), effective resistance to flame ignition is required, in order to increase the flame retardant properties of various and meet an industry or government standard of flame retardancy for specific polymers, flame retardant additives (organic and inorganic) are commonly admixed therewith and/or chemically bonded thereto in the case of polymer-reactive flame retardants. Organic flame retardants such as halogenated flame retardants, specifically brominated flame retardants, and phosphorus- containing flame retardants are considered to be effective for this purpose.

10004! Inorganic flame retardants are another class of known flame retardant. Usually higher loading, of inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide, titania, carbon black, zinc oxide, antimony trioxide, etc., are required than that of halogenated flame retardants to achieve the same level of flame retardancy. However, high loading of inorganic flame retardants can negati vely affect the optical and mechanical properties of the base polymer. In the case of flame retardant resin compositions containing orgaiiophosphorus flame retardant compounds such as triphenyj phosphate (TPP), combustion may tend to produce relatively high levels of smoke.

{0005} In many applications such as helmets, bullet proof glass, etc., optical transparency of the molding resin, e.g., polycarbonate at various service temperatures including low

temperatures,, is an important functional requirement However, the addition of inorganic flame retardant(s) often reduces the transparenc of the host resin. [0006] Polydimethylsiloxane is a popular class of flame retardant for polycarbonate as the combustion products are less toxic than that of halogenated flame retardants. Due to the difference in compatibility between the polycarbonate and the silicone, the incorporation of silicone flame -retardant in polycarbonate can reduce the optical transparency and increase haze of the polycarbonate-siiicone flame retardant. blend.

[0607] Therefore, there is a need for an improved flame retardant resin composition which produces less toxic combustion products than those produced by conventional or otherwise laiown flame retardant resin compositions, e.g., those containing organic halogen- or

phosphorus-based flame retardant compounds, while providing improved optical and/or mechanical properties compared with those ofknown flame retardant resin composition containing inorganic flame retardant compounds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

|0008] in accordance with the present invention, a flame retardant resin composition is provided which comprises (a) at least one resin which does not. contain a triarylsiloxy group, i.e., an Ar ₃ SiO- group wherein each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbo atoms, and (b) at least one triaryl silicon-containing compound of general formula (I):

wherein each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryl group of from about 6 to . about 20 carbon atoms or substituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; each R~ and R ³ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each ' is independently a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, more specifically from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, still more specifically from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms and most specifically from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, specifically from 1 to about 20 oxygen, sulfur, silicon and/or nitrogen atoms, and still more specifically from 1 to about 10 oxygen atoms, or a chemical bond; G is hydrogen, a., hydroxy! .group, an acyclic organic group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, a cyclic organic group of from. 3 to about.20 carbon atoms, an acyclic or cyclic silicon-containing organic, group such as an acyclic or cyclic silicone group, atriarylsilyloxy group Ar.¾SiO~ wherein Ar is as previously defined, e.g., a PhjSiO- group, an alkoxysiiyl group of the formula -SiR OR ³ )?* wherein each occurrence of R ⁴ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from _. 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to 4 _. carbon atoms and still more specifically 1 or 2 carbon atoms, each occurrence of R ⁵ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, subscript a is 0 to 2 and, optionally, when subscript a is 0 or 1 , two R ⁵ groups may be bonded together through a covalent bond to form a cyclized alkoxysiiyl group, or a polymer moiety derived from a resin for which flame retardant capability is desired, G having a valence equal to subscript n; subscript m is from 0 to about 50, more specifically from 0 to about 20 and still more specifically from 0 to about 8, provided, where subscript m is 0, R ¹ is an oxygen atom, and G contains at least one silicon atom which is bonded to the R ^! group; and, subscript ΰ is from ! to about 50, more specifically from 1 to about 10 and still, more specifically from 1 to about 6.

| ^' 0e09J In further accordance with the present invention, in triaryl silicon-containing compound (I), each Ar independently is an unsubstituted arvi group of from about 6 to about.20 carbon atoms or substituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; each R ² and R ³ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each R ^'1 is independently a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, more specifically from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, still more specifically from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms and most specifically from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, specifically from 1 to about 20 oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms, and still more specifically from 1 to about 10 oxygen atoms; and,

G is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a cyclic silicone of general formula (Π):

wherein;

each and R ^d independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from I to about 8 carbon atoms, more spec fically from 1 to about 6 carbo atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms: subscript q is an integer of from 1 to about 6 and -more specifically 1 or 2, subscript x is 0 to about 8, more speci fically an integer of from 1 to about 6 and still more specifically from 1 to 3; and, subscript y is an integer of from ! to about 8, more specifically from 1 to about 6 and still more specifically from 1 to 3, subject to the limitation that the value of subscript n - y■

(b) an acyclic silicone group of general formula (HI):

M ^' bM* DdD* _c TfT*gQhAiBjCk (III}

wherein:

M - R ⁴ R¾ ⁶ SiO,¾

Q - SiCks,

Α·= O! 2Si(R ^!0 )(R ⁾ )R ⁱ² Si(R ^¾3 )(R ^, )Oj/2

B - Oi _/2 Si(R ^{, 5} )(R ^I6 )R ⁱ⁷ Si(R ^l8 )0 ₂ a

O Oi/2Si(R ^I9 )(R ^2(J )R ²ⁱ Si032

wherein:

R R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R R\ R ^u R ⁿ , R°, R ^{4 _? R ¹⁵ , R ⁱ⁶ , R ¹⁸ , R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ each independently is selected from the group consisting of QR ² ~ and monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing at least one ofahetcroatom, e.g., 0, N or S _> an aromatic group of from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms, and a hydroxy] group; R ^! ~, R ^f and R ²⁵ each independently is a divalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ²² is a monovalent hydrocarbon of from I to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and stil l more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R* is a divalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from i to about 6 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where one of the valences of R* is bound to R ^! ; and. subscripts b, c, d, e, fi g, h, i, j and k are zero or positive subject to the limitation b + c + d + e + f + g + h + j +j< 1000, more specifically < 7S0, still more specifically < 500 and most specifically < 100, with the lower endpoints of any of said ranges of b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j being any one or more of 1 , 2, 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, 50 or 60, provided, c + e ÷ g > 1, more specifically c + e + g > 2, and still more specifically c + e + g > 3 with upper end points to such ranges of c -»· e + g being any one of 4, 5, .8, HI 12, 20, 50, 60 or 100;

(c) an alkoxysilyl group -~R*SiR ⁴ a(OR ³ )3.a wherein each occurrence of R* is a divalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and stili more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where one of the valences of R* is bonded to R ^! and each occurrence of R ⁴ is independently methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl each occurrence of R ⁵ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbo group of from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and yet still more specifically 1 or 2 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, specifically from 1 to 20 oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms and/or nitrogen atoms; and a is 0 or 1, or cyclized alkoxysilyl group in which two R ⁵ groups are bonded together through a covalent bond, G having a valence equal to subscript n; subscript m is from 0 to about 50, more specifically from 0 to about 20 and still more specifically from 0 to about 8, provided, where subscript m is 0, R ⁵ is other than a chemical bond and G contains at least one silicon atom; and, subscript n is from 1 to about 50, more specifically from 1 to about 10 and still more specifically from 1 to about 6; provided that when m is 0, each R ¹ is independently a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, more specifically from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, still more specifically from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms and most specifically from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more beteroatoms, specifically from 1 to about 20 oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms, and still more specifically from 1 to about 10 oxygen atoms; and,

(d) a polymer moiety derived from a resin for which flame retardant capability is desired; and, subscript m being a integer of from 1 to about 50, more specifically from 2 to about 20, still more specifically from 2 to a ut 8 and most specifically 1 , provided, where m is 1 , G is polymer moiety (d).

[00.10] in still further accordance with the present invention, in triaryl silicon-containing compound ( I), each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryS group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms or a substituted aryi group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; each R ² and 3 independently is selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each R ¹ is independently a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more heteroaioms or a chemical bond; G is a hydroxy! group, a triarylsilyloxy group, an alkoxysi!yl group of general formula

•-SiR a( OR^-a wherein each occurrence of R ⁴ and ³ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and subscript a is 0 to .2, or where subscript a is 0 or 1 a cyclized alkoxysilyl group obtained therefrom, or a polymer moiety, G having a valence equal to subscript n and each of subscripts m and n independently being from 1 to about 50.

fOOH] In yet still further accordance with the present invention, in triaryl silicon-containing compound (I), each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryi group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms or a substituted aryi group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; each R ² and R-' independently is selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each R ^l is a chemical bond; G is a triarylsilyloxy group having a valence of 1 ; and, each occurrence of subscript m independently is from 0 to about 50.

[ ^■ 0012] Without intending to be bound, at an early stage of combustion of the flame-retarded resin herein, silyl radicals are thought to form after releasing aryi groups from the triaryl silicon- containing (I) flame retardant additive. These silyl radicals then become available to crosslink the host resin/resin blend. During combustion, triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) may also form a char barrier at the surface of the resin thai acts to reduce the rad iant heat of the flame as well as to reduce the diffusion of combustion products into the combustion zone, both effects serving to retard flame propagation,

[0013] A number of triaryl silicon-containing compounds (I) and their preparation are known from U.S. Patent No. 9,422,3 i 5, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. These compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No, 9,422,315 as additives for personal care compositions to which their high refractive indices impart improved luster and shine.

othing is said in U .S. Patent No. 9,422,315 of the triaryl silicones disclosed therein as useful as flame re ardant additives for flame-retarded resins,

[0014] Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a novel triaryl silicon-containing compo

(ia)

wherein each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms or a substituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R ² and R ³ each independently is selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each R ¹ is independently a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, or a chemical bond; G is an organic group having a valence equal to subscript n, the subscript a is 0 to 2, and each of subscripts m and n independently being from 1 to about 50. with the provisos that

(i) when m is equal to 1 and R ¹ is a divalent, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms, then G is an alkoxysilyl group -SiR _a (OR ⁵ )3- _a , wherein each occurrence of R is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; each occurrence of R ^s independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, an organic group derived from a resin having more than about 30 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, poiyacetals, polyesters, polysulfones, po!yamides, polyimides, polyetherimides, pol etheref her ketones, polystyrenes. polyurethanes, polyisocyanurates, polyepoxides, phenol formaldehyde resins, poiyphenylene oxides, poiyphenylene sulfides, polylaotides, polyoiefms, styrene- emyleiie-butylene-butyienes (STEBS) copolymer, acrylics, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A BS) terpdlymers, styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) rubbers, acetals,

poiyimidazoles, polyteirafiuoroeihy!ene (TPFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl id ene chloride, where a carbon atom of the R ⁵ group is bonded to the oxygen atom of the -OR ³ group, or a cyclized alkoxysilyl group in which two R ³ groups, when present, are bonded together through a eovaleni bond, and when m is 2 to about 50, then G is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a linear or branched acyclic organic group having up to about 45 carbon atom or a cyclic organic group of from 3 to about 20 carbon atoms either of which, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical optionally containing at least one of a heteroatom, carbonyl group, ester group, amide group or hydrox l group, and having a valence of from. 1 to about 25, more specifically from 1 to about 15 and still more specifically from 1 to about 6, subject to the requirement that the valence of the organic group is equal to the value of subscript n:

(b) a cyclic silicone of general formula (II):

wherein:

each R ² and R ³ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and still more speciiically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms: subscript q is an integer of from 1 to about 6 and more specifically 2 or 3. subscript x is 0 to about 8, more specifically from 1 to about 6 and still more specifically from I to 3, and subscript y is an integer of from 1 to about 8, more specifical ly from 1 to about 6 and still more specifically from 1 to 3, subject to the requirement ^" that the value of subscript n = y;

(c) an acyclic silicone group of general formula (111 }:

M M * _c DdD*eTfT*gQhAiBjCk ( il l)

wherein:

= ⁴ R¾ ⁶ SiOi/ _2>

D* = R ^? R ^* SiO* ₂

T = ¾iC _¾

T* - R ^* Si€ ¾

Q - S1O4/2,

A O i 2 S ( ^s °) (R ^{! 5} )R ^{! 2} Si (R ¹ ){ ¹⁴ )01

C= O _!¾ i(R ^l9 )(R ²⁰ )R ^2l SiO3,2

wherein:

R ⁴ . R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ . R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ , R ⁿ , R ^{! 1} \ R ¹⁴ , R'\ R ^li> , R ¹⁸ , R ⁵⁹ and R ²⁰ each independently is selected from the group consisting of OR' ² and monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing at least one of a heteroatora, e.g., O, N or S, an aromatic group of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and a hydroxy! group; R ¹² , R ^l ' and R ⁱ⁽ each independently is a divalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and more specifically from 3 to 4 carbon atoms; R~ ² is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and still more specifically froirt 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R* is a divalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms where one of the valences of * is bound to R ^{ ; and, subscripts b, c, d, e, f. g, h, i, j and k are zero or positive subject to the requirement thai b -t c + d + e + f - g + h + ί - j + k< 3000, more specifically < 750, still more specifically < 500 and most specifically < 100, with the lower endpoints of any of said ranges of b + c + d + e + f + g -f b + i +j + k being any one or more of ί , 2, 3, 5, 0, 1.2, 20, 50 or 60, provided, c 4- e + g > 1 , more specifically c + e ÷ g > 2, and still more specifically c + e + g > 3 with upper end points of such ranges of c + e + g being any one of 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 20, 50, 60 or 100;

an alkoxysilyl group -R*SiR ⁴ _a (OR ^:> )3-a, wherein R* is a divalent, hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, one of the valences of R* being bonded to R\ each occurrence of R independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl; each occurrence of R ⁵ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more specificall from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and yet more specifically, from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an organic group derived from a resin having more than 30 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyesters, polysulfones, polyamides, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyetherether ketones, polystyrenes, polyurethanes,

polyisocyanura.es, polyepo ides, phenol formaldehyde resins, polypheny!ene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polylactides, poiyolefms, styrene-ethylene- butylene-butylenes (STEBS) copolymer, acrylics, acrylonitnle butadiene styrene (ABS) terpolymerS styrene acryionitrile (SAN) rubbers, acetals, polyimidazoles, polytetrafiuoroethyiene (T.PFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and pplyvinylidene chloride, and more specifically polycarbonate, where a carbon atom of the R ^*> group is bonded to the oxygen atom of the -OR* group, or a cyclized alkoxysilyl group in which two R ⁵ groups, when present, are bonded together through a covalent bond; and, (e) a polymer moiety derived from a resin for which flame retardant capability is desired.

DETAILED DESCR IPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The expression "flame retardant resin composition" shall be understood herein to mean at least one extruded, molded, cast and/or calendered thermoplastic, thermosetting or eiastomeric resin which does not contain a triarylsilyloxy group, and for which flame retardant capability is desired, such resin or resin mixture containing at least one flame retardant additive in physical admixture therewith and/or chemically bonded thereto.

|00I6| The terms "polymer" and "resin" are used interchangeably herein and refer to such materials that are macromoleeules formed by the chemical union of five or more identical combining units, which are monomers and In the bulk form are solid, in contrast to liquid or ilowable, at ambient temperatures.

{0017] The expressions "chemically incorporated" and "chemically bonded" as they apply to the relationship of the flame retardant compound to its host resin contemplates any such relationship In which the flame retardant compound is attached to the structure of the host resin and not merely in physical admixture therewith.

{001.8] Other than in the working examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts of materials, reaction conditions, time durations, quantified properties of materials, and so forth, stated In the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about",

{0019] It will be understood that any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges within that range and any combination of the various endpoi nts of such ranges or sub-ranges whether described in the examples or anywhere else in the specification,

[002G] It will also be understood herein that any of the components of the Invention herein as they are described by any specific genus or species detailed in the examples section of the specification, can be used in. one embodiment to define an. alternative respective definition of any endpoint of a range elsewhere described in the specification with regard to that component, and can thus, in one non-limiting embodiment, be used to supplant, such a range endpoint, elsewhere described.

21 J it will be further understood that any compound, material or substance which is expressly or implicitly disclosed in the specification and/or recited in a claim as belonging to a group of structurally, compositionally and/or functionally related compounds, materials or substances includes individual representatives of the group and 'all combinations thereof, (0022] Reference is made to substances, components, or ingredients in existence ai the time just before first contacted, formed in situ, blended,, or mixed with, one or more other substances, components, or ingredients in accordance with the present disclosure. A substance, component or ingredient identified as a reaction product, resulting mixture, or the like may gain an identity, property, or character through a chemical reaction or transformation .during the course of contacting, in siiu formation, blending, or mixing operation if conducted in accordance with this disclosure with the application of common sense and the ordinary skill of one in the relevant art (e.g., chemist), The transformation of chemical, reactants or starting materials to chemical products or final roaierials is a continually evolving process, independent of the speed at which it occurs. Accordingly, as such a transformative process is in progress there ma be a mix of starting and final materials, as well as intermediate species that may be, depending on their kinetic lifetime, easy or difficult to detect with current, analytical techniques known, to those of ordinary skill in the art.

f0023| Reactants and components referred to by chemical name or formula in the

specification or claims hereof whether referred to in the singular or plural, may be identified as. they exist prior to coming into contact with another substance referred to by chemical name or chemical type (e.g., another reactant or a solvent). Preliminary and/or transitional chemical- changes, transformations, or reactions, if any, that take place in the resulting mixture, solution, or reaction medium may be identified as intermediate species, master batches, and the like, and may have u tility distinct from the utility of the reaction product or final material Other subsequent changes, transformations, or reactions may result from bringing the specified reactants and/or components together under the conditions called for pursuant to this disclosure. In these other subsequent changes, transformations, or reactions the reactants, ingredients, or the components to be brought together may identify or indicate the reaction product or final material,

10024] in describing the products of the instant invention as a reaction product of initial materials reference is made to the initial species recited and it is to be noted that additional materials may be added to the initial mixture of synthetic precursors. These additional materials may be reactive or non-reactive. The defining characteristic of the instant invention is that the reaction product is obtained from the reaction of at least the components listed as disclosed. Non-reactive components may be added to the reaction mixture as diluents or to impart additional properties ^' unrelated to the properties of the composition prepared as a reaction product. Thus for example particulate solids such as pigments may be dispersed into the reaction mixture, before during or after reaction to produce a reaction product composition that additionally comprises the non-reactive component, e.g. a pigment. Additional reactive components may also be added; such components may react with the initial reactairts or they may react with the reaction product; the phrase "reaction product" is intended to include those possibilitie as well as including the addition of non-reactive components.

|0025f As used herein the term "alky!" means a saturated straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, In a preferred embodiment, monovalent alky] groups are selected from linear or branched a!kyl groups of from 1 to 6 carbons atoms per group, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyi, n-butyl, iso-butyt sec-butyl, tert-butyf, pentyk iso-pentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 2,2,4-frimeth lpentyl, he yl and so forth.

[0026] As used herein, the term "cycioalkyl" means a saturated cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon group. In a preferred embodiment, monovalent cycioalkyl groups are selected from cycioalkyl groups having from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms per group such as, for example, cyciopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycfodeeyi and so forth.

0027| As used herein the term "alkenyT means a straight or branched monovalent ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon group, specifically containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per radical, such as, for example, vinyl ally., 2-propenyl and 3-butenyl.

{0028} The expressions "divalent alkyi", "divalent alkenyl ", "divalent alkynyl " and

"divalent aryl" refer to the specified hydrocarbon compounds from which two hydrogen atoms have been removed,

{0029] As used herein, "A " means an aryl group and includes, for example, phenyl, toiyl, xylyL naphthyl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthyl, and the like,

A, Resin for Which Flame Retardant Capability is Desired

| ^' 0030J Any resin, which does not contain a triaryisilyloxy group, for which frame retardant capability is desired ("host resin"), e.g., any of the thermoplastic, thermosetting and elastomeric (inclusive of rubber) resins and blends of such resins to which flame retardant capability is to be imparted. {0031} Host resins to which triaryl silicon-containing compound ( I) may be added or combined as a flame retardant include, without limitation, polycarbonates, pofyacetals, polyesters, polysulfones, polyamides, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyetherether ketones, p lystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyisocyanurates. polyepoxides, phenol formaldehyde resins, pol phenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polylactides, polyoiefins such as polyethylene, pol propylene, thermoplastic elastomers such as, but not limited to, styrene-ethylene-butylene- butylenes (STEBS) copolymer, acrylics, acrylonitrile butadiene. -styrene (ABS) terpo!ymers, styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) rubbers, acetals, polyimidazoles, polytetratluoroetliylene (TPFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride, and the like, as well as mixtures, e.g., blends, thereof, it is particularly advantageous to incorporate triaryl silicon-containing compound (!) as a flame retardant in a- polycarbonate or polycarbonate-containing resin blend,

10032] Triaryl silicon-containing compound {1} may be incorporated in the selected hos resin employing any conventional or otherwise known technique. Where compatibility of resin and triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) may be an issue, a compatibiJizer may be included in the composition in accordance with known and conventional practice. Where the thermoplastic resin is of the aromatic type, the use of a cornpatibilizer may ordinarily be dispensed with due to the typically -compatible nature of such resin and triaryl silicon-containing compound (I).

B. Flame Retardant Resin Composition

[0033] The flame retardant resin composition herein comprises at least one resin which does not contain a triarylstlylox.y functional group and for which flame retardant capability is desired, e.g., as listed above, and at least one- triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) in admixture therewith. The at least one triaryl silicon-containing compound (Ϊ) during the process of being incorporated or combined with its host resin may undergo a chemical reaction with the resin to form a different triaryl silicon-containing compound (Ϊ) that is chemically bonded to the resin thereby forming a triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) derived from the resin.

{0034} In one non-limiting embodiment, in triaryl silicon-containing compound (T), each Ar is phenyl.

[00351 In another non-limiting embodiment, each R ¹ in the triary! silicon-containing compound (1) independently is a divalent a!kyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryt group of up to about 45 carbon atoms, more specifically up t about 30 carbon atoms and still more specifically up to about 12 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to about 20 oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms and more specifically from 1 to about 10 oxygen atoms.

(0036) in another non -limiting embodiment, G is a silicon-containing group, more specifically a triaryisilyl (AnSi ^» ) group and still more specifically a triphenylsi!yi (PhsSi-) group, with subscript m as previously defined and subscript n equal to I .

[0037| in yet another non-limiting embodiment, G is a hydrogen atom, an acyclic organic group of ^" from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and still more most specifically from 4 to about. 6 carbon atoms, an aikoxysilyl group of the general structure -SiR ⁴ a(OR ⁵ )3-a wherein each occurrence of R ⁴ and ⁵ independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl and subscript a is 0 or 1, subscript m is an integer of from 1 to about 8 and subscript n is an integer of from 1 to about 8.

[0038] In still another non-limiting embodiment, triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) is such as described herein with G being selected from the group consisting .of:

(a) a linear or branched acyclic organic group having up to about 45 carbon atom or a cyclic organic group of from 3 to about 20 carbon atoms either of which is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical and optionally containing at least one of a heieroatom, carbonyi group, ester group, amide group or hydro l group, and havin a valence of from 1 to about 25, more specificaUy from. 1 to about 15 and still more specifically from 1 to about 6, subject to the requirement that the valence of the organic group is equal to the value of subscript n;

(b) a cyclic silicone of general formula (II):

wherein:

each R~ and R ³ independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; subscript q is an integer of from 1 to about 6 and more specifically 2 or 3, subscript x is 0 to about 8, more specifically from I to about 6 and still more specifically from 1 to 3, and subscript y is an intege of from 1 to about 8, more specifically from 1 to about 6 and still more specifically from 1 to 3, subject, to the requirement that the value of subscript n - y;

(c) an acyclic silicone group of general formula (ΪΠ) : M* _e Dd * _e TfT* _g OhAiBiCk (III)

wherein:

- R ⁴ R ⁵ R ⁶ $iO>. _¾

D* - R'R'SiO

T - R'^iG^,

B - O _s .2Si(R ^{, 5} )(R ^{i 6} )R ^l7 Si(R ^lS )0 ₂ /2

C- Oi/2Si(R ^l9 ){R ²⁰ )R ²⁵ SiO ₃ ¾

wherein:

R\ R ⁵ , R\ R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R* R ^! , R ^{1 1} , R , R ^M , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁸ , R ⁱ⁹ and R ²⁰ each independently is selected from the group consisting of OR ²² and monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, optionally containing at least one of a heteroatom, e.g., O, N or S, an aromatic group of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and a hydroxy! group; R ^{i 2} , R ^{J 7} and R ^{2 !} each independently is a divalent hydrocarbon gro up of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ²² is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon a toms; R* is a divalent hydrocarbon of from ί to about 8 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and still more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms where one of the valences of R* is bound to R ^! ; and, subscripts b, c, d, e, f ₅ g, h, L j and k are zero or positive subject to the requirement that b -f- c + d + e - f+ g + h + i j + k< 1000. more specifically < 750, still more specifically < 500 and most specifically < 100, with the lower endpoints of any of said ranges of b - c ÷ d + e ÷ f+ g ·*· h - i + j + k being any one or more of 1 , 2, 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, 50 or 60, provided, c + e + g > i, more specifically c + e + g > 2, and still more specifically c + e + g > 3 with upper end points of such ranges of c ÷ e + g being any one of 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 20, 50, 60 or 100;

(d) an alkoxysUyl group -SiR^OR^-a wherein each -occurrence of R ⁴ and R ⁵ is independently methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl and a is 0 or 1 , or cyclized alkoxysilyl group in which two R ^*' groups are bonded together through a covalent bond; and,

(e) a polymer moiety derived from a resin for which flame retardant capability is desired.

|0039{ in one non-limiting embodiment of general formula (I), each R ^¾ is independently a divalent alky! group of from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, more -specifically .from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and still more specifically 2 or 3 carbon atoms such as the non-limiting examples of ethylene, propylene and isopropylene.

[00401 hi one non-limiting embodiment of general formula ( I), each R ¹ is a divalent, unsaturated hydrocarbon group of, for example, 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as vinyl, and G is a hydrogen atom terminating the R ^f group. In another non-limiting embodiment, R' is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing from i to about 6 carbon atoms, more specifically from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and. still, more specifically from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and G is a hydrogen atom terminating the R ¹ group.

[0041 j In another non-limiting embodiment of general formula (I), R ^! is -CH2CH2- and G is -SiR _a (OR )3-a wherein each occurrence of R ⁴ and R. ^s independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl, preferably ethyl, and a is 0 or 1.

{0042] In another non-limiting embodiment of formula (I), the silicon-containing group in the definition of G in formula (1) is a silicone-containing group of from 2 to about 20 silicon atoms, more specifically from 2 to 18 silicon atoms, still more specifically from 2 to about 12 silicon atoms arid most specifically from 2to about 8 silicon atoms, for example, in. certain non- limiting embodiments 2, 3 or 4 silicon atoms.

[0043] in another non-limiting embodiment of triaryl silicon-containing compound (!}, each Ar is phenyl, i.e., a triphenyl silicon-containing compound of the general formula (lb);

wherein groups R ^! , R ² , ³ , and G and integers m and n are as previously defined.

|(K!44j in another non- limiting embodiment herein, triphenyl silicon-containing compound

(! ) is of general formula (Ic):

wherein each R ² and R ³ independently is as previously defined, and more specifically, each R ² and R ^J independently is an allcyl group of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0045] Triphenyl silicone (ic) can be grafted onto a suitable resin, e.g., a poiyolefin, employing a free radical catalyst in accordance with procedures that are themselves well known in the art, in this manner imparting flame retardant capability to the resin. In one particular non- limiting embodinienl of such grafting procedure, triphenyl silicon-containing compound (ib) in ^■ whic each of R ² and ³ is methyl, i.e., the triphenyl silicone, IJ -dimethyl-S^^-triphenyl-l- vinyldisiioxane, is grafted onto polyethylene as shown below: heat, peroxide

1 ,1 -dimethyl--3 ₅ 3,3-tripheny]-l -vinyidisiloxane

[0046] in other embodiments herein, in triphenyl silicon-containing compound (lb), when G is an acyclic silicone group of general formula (III), supra, subscripts b, c, d, e, f and g are as previously defined and the sum of subscripts i+j+k is >J , more specifically >2 and still more specifically >3 with upper endpoints such as 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 50 _» or the like. Some specific embodiments of iriphenyl sUicpn-contaming compound (fa) are individual compounds or mixtures of compounds having structures selected from the group cons sting of:

wherein x is 1 and y is 3,

wherein Κ R ³ and R ⁴ each independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.

[0048] In one non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing structural formulas, subscript m is an integer of from 3 to about 8, more specifically from 2 to about 8 and still more specifically from 1 to 4.

{ ^' 0049] In another non-iimiting embodiment of the foregoing formulas, each of R" and ³ is methyl.

10050] in yet another non-limiting embodiment herein, triphenyl silicon-containing compound (la) is of

wherein R ¹ , R R ³ and R ⁵ are as previously defined, in one particulav non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing triphenyl silicon-containing compound (la), R ² and R ³ each is methyl, R ¹ is -CH ₂ CH ₂ - and each R ³ is ethyl i.e., the compound 1 , 1 -dimethyl-3,3,3 riphenyl- 1.(2- triethoxysiianyl-ethyl)~disiloxane (TPTES-l), when R ¹ is --CHCCHj)-, the compound is 1,1 - dimetliyi-3,3,3-triphenyl - 1 -( 1 riethoxysi1anyl-ethyl)-disiIoxane (TPTES-2):

10051] TPTES can be reacted with a did, for example, 2-methylpentane 1 ,3-diol, to produce the cyelized derivative 2~[2-(I,l-dimethyl-3 _> 3-triphenyl-dm^

5--methyl-[ 1 _i 3 _» 2]dioxasilinane (TPMES) as shown below;

TPTES- J

TPTES-2 TPMES-2

|0052j TPTES and TPMES are both suitable for blending with, a polymer and condensation catalyst (e.g., a tin salt including dibistyl tin dilaurate. dioctyltm dilaurate, a acid, a base, etc.) and subsequently crosslinked after hydrolysis of alkoxy groups in the presence of such catalyst and moisture followed by condensation polymerization of the resulting hydrolyzed products. This crosslinking will offer restricted flow of the resulting polymer blend, enhanced flame retardancy, better thermal stability and improved mechanical properties,

|00S3| In one embodiment, the flame retardant resin composition comprises:

(a) at least one resin which does not contain a triaryisilyloxy group;

(b) at least one triaryl silicon-containing compound of general formula (I):

wherein each Ar independently is an unsubstituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms or substituted aryl group of from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; each R" and R independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; each R' independently is a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 45 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more heteroaloms; G is an alkoxysilyl group -Si ⁴ _;i (OR ^s )3- _aj wherein each occurrence of R ⁴ is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; each occurrence of IV independently is a monovalent hydrocarbon of from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, an organic group derived from a resin having more than 30 carbon atoms and selected from the group consist ng of polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyesters, polysulfones, poiyamides, polyimides, polyetherirnides, polyetherether ketones, polystyrenes, polyui ethanes, polyisocyanurates. polyepoxides, phenol formaldehyde resins, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyiaetides, polyoleflns, styrene-ethylene-butylene-butylenes (STEBS) copolymer, acrylics, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) terpolymers, styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) rubbers, acetais, polyimidazoles, polytetrafluoroethylene (TPFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyiidene chloride, where a carbon atom of the R ⁵ group is bonded to the oxygen atom of the -OR ⁵ group, or a cycf ized alkoxysilyl group m which two R* groups, when present, are bonded together through a covalent bond, subscript m is from 1 to about 50 and the subscript n is .1 ; and,

(c) at least one condensation catalyst, e.g., dibutyl tin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, acid, base, etc.

(.0054] Many of th e tri aryl silicon-containing compounds of formula. ( !) can be prepared in accordance with processes described in U.S. Patent No. 9,422,315, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, and modifications thereof as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other triaryl silicon-containing compounds of formula (I) can be prepared in accordance with processes hereinafter described and modifications thereof as will also he apparent to those skilled in the art.

10055} Synthesis of triphenyl dimethyl siliecnie-coniainlng compounds (I) can be carried out by hydrosilylation of a linear or cyclic silicon-containing hydride with an ally! or vinyl functional triphenyl silicon-containing compound or by the hydrosilylation of a silyl hydride functional triphenyl silicon- containing compound (I) with an ally! or vinyl functional

hydrocarbon. The hydrosilylat on can be carried out in the presence of a hydrosilation catalyst based on noble metals such as but not limited to platinum, ruthenium., palladium or rhodium based catalyst. The reaction can be achieved with or without an organic solvent.

(0056} Specific embodiments of synthetic procedures for preparing triaryl silicon-containing compound of formula (I) are as follows:

Hydrosilylation. of Linear Silicon-containing Hydride with 1,1 ,1 -Tripbenyl-3,3- Dimethyl-3- Vinyl Disiloxane

10057} A linear silicon-containing hydride and 1 , 1 , 1 -triphenyi-3,3 -dtmefhyl-3-vinyl disiloxane are reacted in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst . An aprotic solvent such as toluene may optionally be used. The temperature of the reaction mixture is- from room

temperature to about I20°C. more specifically from about 40° to about 9Q°C. The reaction is exothermic and is accompanied by a rise in temperature. Depending on the reaction temperature, the reaction time can vary from about I to about 48 hours, more specifically from about 3 to about 8 hours, the reaction being considered complete upon disappearance from the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture of the Si-H peak. hen an aprotic soivent is used, the sol vent may be removed by stripping or distillation optionally under reduced pressure (vacuum) to provide a substantially solvent-free product.

Hydrosilylation of Cyclic Silicon-containing Hydride with 1 ,1,1 -Triphenyl-3,3- Dimethyl -3 - Vin l D i si lox ane

(0058} A cyclic silicon-containing hydride and 1,1, 1 -triphenyl-3 ,3-dimethyl-3-viny 1 disiloxane are reacted in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. An aprotic solvent such as toluene may optionally be used. The temperature of the reaction mixture is from room

temperature to about 12Q°C, more specifically from about 40° to about 90°C. The reaction is exothermic and produces a suddea rise in temperature. The reaction time is from I to about 48 hours, more specifically from 3 to 8 hours, the reaction being considered complete upon the disappearance from the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture of the Si-H peak. When an aprotic solvent is used, the solvent may be removed by stripping or distillation optionally under reduced pressure (vacuum) to provide a substantially solvent-free product.

Hydrosilylation of Linear Silicon-containing Hydride with 1 , 1 ,1 -Triphenyl-3,3 - Dimethyl-3-Allyl Disiloxane

[005.9} A linear silicon-containing hydride and l ,i ,l-tripheny1~3,3-diniethyl~3-a!iyl disiloxane are reacted in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. An aprotic solvent such as toluene ma optionally be used. The temperature of the reaction mixture is from room temperature to about 120°€, more specifically from about 40° to about 90°C. The reaction is exothermic and results in a sudden rise in temperature. The reaction time is from 1 to about 48 hours, more -specifically from 3 to 8 hours, the reaction being considered complete with the disappearance of the Si-H peak from the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture. When an aprotic solvent is used, the solvent may be removed by stripping or distillation optionally -under reduced pressure (vacuum) to provide a substantially solvent-free product.

Hydrosilylation of Cyclic Silicon-containing Hydride with 1 ,1 ,i-Triphenyl-3,3- Di.methyi-3 -Ally! Disiloxane

[0060] A cyclic silicon-containing hydride and 1,1 J-iripIienyl-3,3- dimethyl-3-allyl disiloxane are reacted in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst. An aprotic solvent such as toluene may optionally be used. The temperature of the reaction mixture is from room temperature to about 120°C, more specifically from about 40° to about 90°C. The reaction is exothermic and results in a sudden rise in temperature. The reaction time is from 1 to about 48 hours, more specifically from 3 to S hours, the reaction being considered complete upon disappearance of the Si-H peak from the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture. When an aprotic solvent is used, the solvent may be removed b stripping or distillation optionally under reduced pressure (vacuum) to provide a substantially solvent-free product,

[0061] in one embodiment of the foregoing preparati ve procedure, 1 ,1 ,1 *triphenyl-3,3- dia3kyl~3-alkenyldisiloxane is obtained by reacting triphenylsilanol with l ,l ,3.3~tetraalky]-l ,3~ dia!kenyldisilazane and/or alkenyldialkylhalosilane wherein each of the alkyl groups and ranges of carbon atoms in said alkyl group are such as those described herein, e.g., methyl, and wherein the alkenyl groups and ranges of carbon atoms in said alkenyl groups are such as those described herein, e.g., vinyl. [0062 } In another embodiment herein, there is provided a process of making a triaryl silicon- containing compound 0} which comprises reacting 1,1 ,1 riphenyl-3,3-dialkyi-3- alkenyldisiioxane in which the alkyl and alkenyi groups are, e.g., methyl and methylene respectively, with a silyl hydride-containing compound to produce 1,1 J-triphenyI-3,3-diaik h3- [(silicon-containing group)aikylene]disiioxane .

j 0063] in another embodiment herein, the reagents can be any ^' triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) that contains one or more silyl hydride .functional groups, e.g., one or more of:

, wherein x is 1 and v is 3„ , wherein x is 0 and y is 4,

23 wherein each R-\ R- and R ⁴ is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing up to about 6 carbon atoms, more specifically up to 4 carbon atoms and most specifically methyl or ethyl and the subscripts have any of the previously defined values.

£0064] In yet another embodiment, there is provided a process of making a triaryl silicon- containing compound (i) which comprises reacting a 1 ,1 , I -triphenyl~3 _; 3-dialkyl-3-hydride disiloxane with an alkenyi compound containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., a linear alkenyi compound, more specifically an alkenyi compound containing from 4 to about 1.0 carbon atoms, even more specifically from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, or in another embodiment from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms, and in one embodiment terminally unsaturated at one end and in another embodiment terminally unsaturated at both ends. In one non-limiting embodiment., the alkenyi compound is ! -octene and in another embodiment 1 ,7-octadiene.

10065] The processes for making triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) can employ an aproric solveni, e.g., benzene, toluene, xylene, etc, and mixtures thereof In one embodiment herein, the amount of solvent, can range from about 10 to about 90, more specifically from about 20 to abou 70, and sti ll more specifically from about 30 to about 60, weight percent, based on the total weight of the reactants, Where solvent is util ized, it is preferred that prior to

incorporating the product triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) into its host resin, the solvent be largely or completely removed, e.g., by distillation under reduced pressure.

{0066] Si is also within the scope of the invention to utilize a catalyst in the preparation of triaryl silicon-containing compound (I), e.g., a hydrosilylation catalyst, such as those based on platinum, in particular arst dt's catalyst, or ruthenium, in known and conventional amounts. (0067] In one embodiment, the process of reacting tri henyl silanol with 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetraalkyh 1 ,3-dialkenyIdi.silazane and/or alkenyldialky!halosilane to produce 1 , 1 , 1 -triphenyl-3,3-dialkyl-3- aikenyldisiloxane comprises reacting triphenyisilanol with 1 , 1 ,3,3-tetraalkyl- 1 ,3- dialkenyldisila .ane and/or alkenyidiaikylhalosilane in a molar ratio of from about 1 : 0.5 to about 1 : 10, more specifically from about I : 0,5 to about 1 : 5 and still more specifically from about 1 : 0.5 to about 1 : 2 of triphenylsilanol to the total molar amount of Ll ,3,3~te raalkyl-1 ,3- dialkeny!disilazane and/or alkenyldialkylhalosilane.

(0068} n one embodiment, the amount of 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetraalkyl- 13-dialkenyldisiiazane in a combination of 1 , 1 "tetraalky -l ,3-dialkenyl.disila2:aiie and alkenyldialkylhalosilane can range from 0 to about 100 mole percent, specifically from 1 to about 100 mole percent, more specifically from about 10 to about 90 mole percent and most specificaily from about 20 to about 80 mole percent.

j0069j in one embodiment, the process can comprise reacting triphenylsilanol with only l ,i ₅ 3,3~tetraalky!"3 ,3-dialkenyidisilazane or with only alkenyldialkylhalosilane and with molar ratios of triphenyi silanol to dialkenyldisilazane or alkenyldialkylhalosilane corresponding to those described above for reacting triphenylsilanol with l,l ,3,3-tetraalkyl-13- di lkenyldisilazane and/or alkenyldialkylhalosilane.

{0070] In another other embodiment, the process of reacting 1 ,1 , l-triphenyl-3,3-dialkyl-3- alkenykiisiloxane with a silyl hydride-coi aining compound to produce silicone compound containing at least one silicone moiety comprises employing 3 ,1 ,i--triphenyi-3,3-diaikyl-3- alkenyldisiloxane in a molar ratio to hydrogen atoms of silyl hydride-containing compound of from about 100 : 1 to about 1 : 1, more specifically from about 50 : I to about 1 : 1 and still more specifically from about 10:1 to about. 1 :1.

J00711 In yet another embodiment, a process is provided for making a triary! silicon- containing compound (I) where m is m is 2 to 50 by equilibration of a triaryl silicon-containing compound (!) where m is I with a cyclic polysiloxane such as, e.g., 1 ,1 ,3,5,5,7,7- octamethyltetrasiloxane, or with an acyclic polysiloxane such as, e.g., a hydroxyl-terminated polydirnethylsiloxane, in the presence of an equilibration catalyst such as a strong acid o strong base examples of which include sulfuric acid, an acid ion exchange resin, a potassium silanoate compound (K-catalyst) or an ammonium silanoate compound (N-catalysf). The reaction can be carried out at from ambient to elevated temperature. The molar ratio of the triaryl silicon- containing compound (I) where m is 1 to the cyclic or acyclic polysiloxane is determined by the number of -OSiCR^XR ³ ) repeat groups that are to be incorporated into the triaryl silicon- containing compound (I).

{0072] in one specific embodiment herein, the preparative processes described herein can be conducted at a temperature of from about 0" to about 20Q ^W C, more specifically, from about 25" to about 150°C and still more specifically from about 50° to about 120°C, and at a pressure of from about 0.001 to about 5 atmospheres, more specifically from about 0.07 to about. 3 atmospheres and still more specifically from about 0.15 to about 2 atmospheres.

f 0073] In one specific embodiment herein, the processes described herein can be conducted for a period of from about I minute to about 48 hours, more specifically from about 10 minutes to about 24 hours and still more specifically from about. 30 minutes to about 10 hours.

[ 0074] It will be understood herein that the definitions of the "R" groups, group G, the subscripts and the other variables can have the same definitions in the process embodiments as these variables have in the composition embodiments.

f 0075) Any of the conventional or otherwise known procedures for introducing flame retardants into a host resin to provide a flame-retarded resin in accordance with the invention can be utilized herein for combining triaryl silicon-containing compound(s) (!) with the host resin, e.g., mechanical methods such as powder blending,, bulk mixing, extrusion, roll milling, and the like, and chemical methods of attaching triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) to its host resin such as any of those previously mentioned.

[0076] As those skilled in the art will readily recognize, the amount of triaryl silicon- containing compound (I) that mus be combined with and/or chemically attached to the host resi to impart a significant flame retardant capability thereto may vary over wide limits depending on the nature of the host resin, the particular triaryl silicon-containing compound (Ϊ) and whether other flame retardant addiiive(s) may be utilized, such being determined in a particular case employing routine experimental testing. For most resins, a flame retardant-effective amount of triaryl silicon-containing compound (I) can vary from about 0.1 to about 60, more specifically from about 0.25 to about 30, and still more specifically from about 0.5 to about 10, weight percent based on the total weight of resin which does not contain the triaryisiiyioxy functional group.

[0077] In addition to triar l silicon-containing compound (I), the flame retardant resin composition may also contain at least one conventional or otherwise known flame retardant additive non-limiting examples of which include halogenated flame retardants such as aromatic poiybrominated compounds, phosphorus-based flame retardants, e.g., phosphate esters such as triphenyl phosphate, alkylated aromatic phosphate esters such as cresyl phosphate or buylated or propylated phenyl phosphate, phosphate-phosponate esters and halogenated phosphate esters such as (tridichlQropropyl)phosphaie, inorganic flame retardants such as alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, nanoclays, talc, silica, antidrips such as poiyietratraiiuo.ro ethylene (PTFE), potassium salt of di henyl sulf me sulfonate, and the like, and mixtures thereof Triaryl silicon-containing eompound(s) (Ϊ) can be present in admixture with one or more of the foregoing or other known flame retardant additives in widely varying amounts, e.g., from about 10 to about 80, and more specifically from about 10 to about 50. weight percent, based on the total weight of the triaryl silicon -containing compound (I) and the other known flame retardant additive.

[0078] The following examples exemplify, but do not limit, the scope of the present invention.

Example 3 : Preparation of S I

[0079] To a stirred solution of 800 grams (2.89 moles) of triphenylsilanol in 1200 grams of toluene at 75°C was added a mixture of 269 grams (1 .45mole) of ] ,l ,3- divinyldisilazane and 88 grams (0.73 mole) of vinyldimethylchlorosilane over a period of 30 minutes. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 3 hours at 75°C to complete a reaction, and then cooled to room temperature. The silo ane in toluene solution was washed 2 times with 3500 ml water. The final separation, provided a water layer that was very near neutral in pH. The toluene solution was then heated to 130°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove the toluene, leaving 984 grams (94% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a refractive index measured at 25°C of 1 .564 and a viscosity of 40 centistokes (cSt). This product was identified as S-3 {T l ^imethyl-3,3,3-h-ipheT l-3,3-1 -vinyldisiIoxane) by 1 H-NM and 29Si-NMR analysis. Example 2: Preparation of Silicone H- l

{0080] To a stirred mixture of 5 grams (0,014 mole) of S-1 prepared in Example 1 and 10 grains of toluene and platinum catalyst described in arstedt U.S. Patent No. 3,775,452 (i.e., platinate(2-), hexachloro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-1 1 )-, reaction products with 2,4,6,8-tetraethenyi- 2,4,6.8-tetrameihylcyclotetrasiIoxai e was used), to provide 5 ppm of Ft catalyst based on a total amount of S-1 and silyl hydride containing compound, 1 J j 4riphenyl-3 J-dimethyl disiloxane, heated to 60°C, was added 4.6 grams (0.014 mole) of 1,1 ,14ripheny ⁾ -3,3~dimeth ^' yldisiloxane over a period of 10 minutes. An exotherm was observed during the addition to about 80°C. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 1 hour at 80°C to complete a hydrosilylation reaction. The toluene solution was then heated to 120°C and stripped at. reduced pressure to remove the toluene, leaving 9 grams (94% of theory) of a white crystalline product with a ref active index measured at 25 °C of 1.536 in 50% toluene solution and a melting point of 95-99°C. This product was identified as H-l by 1H-NMR analysis.

E

11 J A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 2 grams (0.003 mole) • ^% a silyl hydride-containing compound having a general formula of [HS ^' iMejOo.sjifSiOj], and 8 grams (0.022 mole) of S-1 were used, There was obtained 9,0 grams (92% of theory) of a slightly hazy product with a refractive index measured at 25 ^C C of 1.556 and a viscosity of .17,000 cP. This product was identified as H-2 by 1H-NMR analysis.

E

i ^' 82] A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 40 grams (0.12mol) of a hydrogen siloxane was used having a formula of P ^' hSi-[QSiM i-fj;s (wherein Ph is phenyl and Me is methyl), 133 grams (0.37mol) of S-l , ISOgrarns of toluene. There was obtained 160 grams (92% of theory) of a slightly hazy product with a refractive index measured at 25 'C of 1.558 and a viscosity of 4,400 cP. This product was identified as H-3 by 1 H- R analysis.

Example 5: Preparation of Silicone H-4

[0083] A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 4.4 grams (0.013 mole) of a silyl hydride-containing compound having a formula of PhsSijOSiMesH^ (wherein Ph is phenyl and Me is methyl) and 1 grams (0,028 mole) of S-l , There was obtained 13.5 grams (94% of theory) of a white crystalline product with, a refractive index measured at 25 °C of 1.528 in 50% toluene solution and a melting point of 60~65"C. This product, was identified as 1-1-4 by 1 H-NMR analysis. Exam le 6: Preparation of Silicone H-5

[0084) A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 43 grams (0.16 mole) of a 2,2,4,4.6,8-hexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 121.5 grams (0.34 mole) of S-1 and 150 grams of toluene were used. There was obtained 160 grams (97% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a retractive index measured at 25 ^* C of 1.53 and a viscosity of 1 ,900 cP. This product was identified as H-5 by 1 H-N analysis.

Example 7; Preparation of Silicone H-6

[00.85 j A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 30 grams (0.12 mole) of a 2,2,4,6, 8-pentameihylcyclotetrasiloxane , 133.9 grams (0.37 mole) of S-1 and 150 grams of toluene were used. There was obtained 156 grams (95% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a refractive index, measured at 25 ^* C of 1.555 and a viscosity of 12,900 cP, This product was identified as H-6 by 1 H-NMR analysis.

Example 8: Preparation of Silicone H~7 j ^' 0086] A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 23 grams (0.10 mole) of a 2,4,6, 8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane , 144,8 grams (0.40 mole) of S-1 and 150 grams of toluene were used. There was obtained 160 grams (95% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a refractive index measured at 25 ' of 1 ,565 and a viscosity of 56,900 eP. This product- was identified as H-7 by 1 H-NMR analysis. Example 9: Preparation of Silicon

H-S

|0 87] A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 50 grams (0.23mol) of a 1 ,1 ,1, 3,5, 5,5*heptarneth) risiIoxane was used as a hydrogen siloxane, 85 grams (0.24mol) of S~ I, 130 grams of toluene. There was obtained 128 grains (95% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a refractive index measured at 25°C of 1.507 and a viscosity of 47 cSt. This product was identified as ί 1-8 by 3 H-N R analysis.

Ex

[0088] A procedure similar to Example 2 was performed, except that 20 grams (0.35 mole) of a 1,1 ,3 ,3-tetramethydisiloxa.ne, 1 13 grams (0.31 mo!e) of S-1 and 130 grams of toluene were used. There was obtained 126 grams (95% of theory) of a clear, colorless product with a refractive index measured at 25 "C of 1.554 and a viscosity of 350 cP, This product was identified as H-9 by 1 H-NMR analysis.

|0089| The physical properties of S-i and H-1 to H9 are set forth in Table 1 below: Table 1 : Physical Properties Da ^:

to uene so ut on.

Example. 1 1 ; Preparation of Silicone

{0090} To a stirred mixture of 1 grams (0.009 mole) of 1 -octene, 5 grams of toluene and platinum catalyst as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,775,452 (platinate(2-) _> hexachloro-, dihydrogen, {OC-6-1 1 )-, reaction products with 2,4,6,8-tetraethenyl-2,4,6 _! 8- tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane), to provide 5 ppm of Pt catalyst based on a. total amount of 1* octene and 1,1,1 -triphenyl~3,3-dimethyld.isiloxane at 70°C, was added 2 grams (0.006 mole) of 1 ,1 _j l-triphenyl-SJ-dimethyldisiloxane in 2 grams toluene solution over a period of 5 minutes. An exotherm was observed during the addition to about ?.5°C. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 6 hours at 75°C to complete a hydrosilylation reaction. The toluene solution was then heated to I20°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove the toluene and the excess of 1-octene, lea ving 2.4 grams (90% of theory) of a clear, pal e yellow product with a refractive index measured at 25 ^° C of 1.536 and a viscosity of 40 c.P. This product -was identified as H-10 by 1H- MR analysis.

Example 12: Preparation of TPTES- 1 , TPTES-2, H-l

[0091] 40.82 grams of S-l (99 %) and 36 μΐ of Karstedf s catalyst containing 1 % by weight, platinum were dissolved in a dry, 3-neck round bottom fitted with a .reflux condenser and.

addition funnel. To the continuously stirred solution, 1 .24 grams of triethoxy silane (TES, 98 %) was added dropwise at the room temperature for a total time of 30 minutes. The reaction temperature was increased to 50 "C for a time of 1 hour and followed by 70 "C for an addition time of 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then heated at to 100 ^° C with constant stirring for one more hour. The complete consumption of triethoxy silane was confirmed by the absence of a peak related to Si-H at 2200 cm ^'1 in FTIR spectrum of the aliquot. Products are identified as 1,1- dimemyl-3 _s 3,3 riphenyl-I-(2 riethoxysilanyl-ethyl)-disiloxane (TPTES-- 1 }, l,l-dimethyl-<3,3,3-- triphenyl-1 -(1 -triethox,ysilanyl-ethyl)-disiloxane (TPTES-2), and H-l . These products are collectively referred as TPTES. it was found the concentration of H-l is largely depending upon the addition process of TES. In the process, described above, the concentration ofTPTES-1 and TPTES was 97 % and H-l was 0.6 % as determined by GC and GC-MS. The ratio ofTPTES-1 to TPTES-2 is 88.3 to 1 1 ,7 as calculated using C NMR. However, when TES was added dropwise at the temperature of 80 ^S C for a total time of 40 minutes and continued for a total time of I hour, the concentration, of TPTES- 1 and TPTES was 94 % and 11-1 was 3 % as determined by GC and GC-MS.

[0092] In another synthesis, 46, 2 grams of S-l and 40 μ! of Karstedl's catalyst containing I % by weight platinum were dissolved in a dry, 3-neck round bottom fitted with a reflux condenser and addition funnel. To the continuously stirred solution, 20.97 grams of triethoxy silane was added dropwise at room temperature for a iota! time of 30 minutes, The reaction temperature was increased to 50 °C for a time of 30 minutes and followed by 90 "C for an addition time of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then heated to 130 "C with constant stirring for 5 hours producing a tow color product. The complete consumption of triethoxy silane was confirmed by the absence of peak related to Si-H at. 2200 cm ^"1 in FT1R spectrum of the aliquot.

Example 13: Preparation of Silicone H-l 1

(0093] To a sti red mixture of 0.82 grams (O..007mol) of 1.7-octadiene, 5 grams of toluene and platinum catalyst shown by Karstedt, U.S. Pat. No. 3,775,45.2 (platinate(2-), hexachloro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-! 1)-, reaction products with 2,4,6, S-ietraethenyI-2,4,6,8- tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane), to provide 10 ppm of Pt catalyst based on a total amount of 1 ,7- octadiene and 1 ,1.1 -triphenyI-33-dimethyJdisiloxane at 70°C was added 5 grams (0,015 mole) of 1 ,1 ,1 -triphenyl-3 ,3-dinieth.yldisiloxane in 5 grams of toluene solution over a period, of 10 minutes. An exotherm was observed during the addition to about 73°C. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 24 hours at 90°C to complete a hydrosilylafion reaction. The toluene solution was then heated to 120°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove the toluene, leaving 5,4 grams (93% of theory) of a clear, pale yello w product with a refractive index measured at 25 ^* C of 1.565 and a viscosity of 1 100 cP. This product was identified as H-1 1 by 1 H-NMR analysis.

Example 14: Preparation of Triphenyl Dimethyl Disiloxane-pendant Silicone

{0094] A molar excess of the cyclic silicone hydride LV is bydrosilyiated with 1 , 1 -dimethyl- 3, 3, 3 -triphenyl- 1 -vinyl-disiloxane in the presence of arstedt's catalyst under the nitrogen to provide silicone TP-.O4. Upon completion of hydrosilyiation, as indicated by the disappearance of methylene and methine protons in ^S H MR, the excess of D ' is removed by stripping. The synthesis scheme is as follows:

| ^' 0095J Next, TP-D4 is eqailibrated with octamethyleydotetrasi!oxane and 1 , 1 ,1 ,3,3,3- hexamethyl-disiloxane in the presence of catalyst such as Purolite CT275. This equilibration produces methyl end-functional, triphenyi dimethyl disiloxane pendant silicone as described in the svnihesis scheme below;

Example 15: Preparation of Triphenyi Dimethyl Disiloxane Terminal and Pendant Silicone [0096] Triphenyi dimethyl disiloxane end blocked (terminal) and pendant silicone are produced by utilizing the following reaction scheme:

Example 16: Preparation of TP-M -TP

f0097| TP-MM-TP is synthesized according to the following scheme:

^" TP-MM-TP

Example 18. Preparation of Triphenyl Dimethyl Disiloxane Teniiinal and Pendant Silicone i0098J Alternatively, 3,3-dimethyl- 1,1,1 -triphenyl-disiloxaoe- can be hydrosi!ykted with l ,3,5,7-ieira iny3~ ^' i _s 3,5,7-tetramethylcyciotetrasiloxane and then equilibrated in the presence of o ctamethy 1 eyelot.etrasi loxane and TP-MM-T ,

Example .19: Preparation of Hydride Functional Polydimethylsiloxane Copolymer

(0099] 4,45 grams of 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (M'M ^f ) _; 16.72 grams of 1,3,5/7- tetraraethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 8.84 grams of octameihyleyclotetrasiloxane were charged in a dry, 3-neck round bottom flask fitted with a reflux condenser, 0.3 grams of Purolite CT275, a catalyst for the equilibration step, were added and stirred under nitrogen overnight at room temperature. Next, the reaction .mixture was heated at a temperature of 70 and. stirred for 14 hours under nitrogen. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature and the catalyst was removed by filtration. The solid content and yield of the product were 85% and 86%, respectively. The synthesis scheme to produce the hydride functional silicone is as follows:

Example 20: Preparation of Triphenyl Dimethyl Disiloxane Containing

Polydimethylsiloxane Copolymer (TPPDMS) jOOl.OO 12 grams of hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane copolymer of Example 1 , 49.98 grams of 1 J.-dimethyl-3,3,3-t ^' ripheny]-i-vinyi-disiIoxane were added and stirrer in a dry, 3 -neck round bottom flask under nitrogen. The resulting mixture was hazy. Next, 70 microliters of arstedt's catalyst was added to the mixture with constant stirring at room temperature. The reaction temperature increased to 80 "C due to the reaction exotherm and the resulting solution became transparent. After I hour at 80 Τ·, the reaction temperature was increased to 300 ^" C and continued for 12 hours until the Si-H peak at 2200 c ^'1 disappears from FTIR spectrum.

Example 21 ; Polycarbonate Flame Retardant Mixture

[00101] This example illustrates the blending of 1 , i -dimethyI-3,3,3-tnphenyl-3,3- 1 - vinyldisiloxane (TPDS), H7, and TPTES with polycarbonate. There are two types of pure polycarbonates were used, polycarbonate- 1 (LEXAN 121 ,. SABIC Innovative Plastics) and poIyeatbonate-2 (LEXAN 940. A, SABIC Innovative Plastics), The physical properties of the resulting blend and their flame retardancy properties are provided below,

100102] The blending of TPDS, H7, and TPTES with polycarbonate was carried out using a microextmder and microinjection mold, Potassiimi 3 -(phenyl suifpny l)benzencsulibnate (KSS) was included as a drip reducing agent as described in Table 2. The flame retard ant test was carried out in accordance with the UL-94V 20mm Vertical burning Test procedure.

{ ^' 00103 j Tables 2A and 2B below set forth the compositions of the flame-retarded resin formulations that were blended with polycarbonate to provide test plaques. The polycarbonate was dried by heating at 120 ^* C for 4 hours before use.

Table 2A: Flame-retarded Resin Formulations

Table 2B; Flame-retarded Resin Formulations

⁸ F-2400, bro inated epoxy polymer, from IC ^' L Industrial Products

SbaO?, from Aldridge

e Fyroflex Sol DP, from ICL Industrial Products

a Nofia C06000, polyphosphonate-co-earbonates, from FRX Polymers

c Bayowet CM. from Lanxess

[00104] The pre-bi ended mixture of dry polycarbonate and TPPDMS were extruded using a micro-extruder .from Xplore Instruments, The temperature profiles of the micro-extruder at feeding zone, mixing zone, and die head zone were 250 °C, 330 °C, and 330 °C, respectively. The microextruder included a recycle valve attached to the die head. When the recycle valve was opened, the molten polymer was forced to pass through a heated channel that connected to the feed zone. By opening the recycle valve for a certain time, molten polymer could be circulated between the feed zone and the die head zone of the micro-extruder providing better mixing of components. Once the desired amount of mixing and reaction was achieved, the recycle valve could be closed allowing the molten polymer to emerge from the die as a single strand. The transfer device .and injection mold were set at a temperature of 335 °C and 80 ⁶ C, respectively. The transfer device of the micro-injection mold was used to collect the polymer melt from the micro-extruder and transfer the molten polymer to various injection molds. Plaques of _. 127 mm x 13 mm x 1 .65 mm were used for US., 94V testing.

[00I05J The optica! transparency and haze of 3 mm, 2mm, and 1 mm thick polycarbonate plaques were evaluated using Haze Gard .from. BYK according to the ASTM D1003 test procedure, the results (% transparency and % haze) being presented in Table 3 below:

Table 3: Results of Optical Transparency and Hasr.e Testing

[00106] Flame retardant testing of the silicone blended polycarbonate composite was carried out according to UL-94V 20mm Vertical Burning Test procedure. Rectangulai- olycarbonate plaques of 125mm length, 13mm width, 1.65mm thickness were made by injection molding. The plaques were conditioned at a temperature of 23°C and relative humidity of 50% for a minimum of 48 hours before test. The results of ihe test are set forth in Table 4: Table 4: Results of Flame eiardant Testing polycarbonate- ! Plaque I Plaque 2 Plaque 3 Plaque 4 Plaque S

Duration Of Flaming After First 12 12 5 9 6

Application (T 1 ) (see)

Duration Of Flaming After Second 10 2 6 s

Application (T2) (sec)

Total Afierflame (T1+T2) (sec) 76

Afterglow after second flame 0 0 0 0 application (T3) (sec) ⁰

Duration of flaming/glowing after 10 2 ^{" J} 6 ^' 6 8 second application (T2+T3) (sec)

Sample flamed or glowed on a No No No No No bokiine clamp i

Sample ignited surgical, cotton Yes j Yes Yes Yes Yes

1 Formulation.2 Plaque 1 Plaque 2 Plaque 3 Plaque 4 Plaque 5 j Duraf ion Of Flaming After First 9 8 10 1 8

[ Application (Tl ) (sec)

j Duration Of Flaming After Second "7 4 5 7 i Application (T2) (se )

j Total Afterflame (T1+T2) (sec)

j Afterglow after second flame 0 0 0 0 0 application (T3) (sec)

Duration of flaming/glowing after 4 5 2 7 second application (T2÷T3) (sec)

1 Sample flamed or glowed on a. No ^" 1 No N No j No ¹ i holding damp

j Sample ignited surgical cotton Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

; Formulation 3 Plague i Plaque 2 Plaque 3 Plaque 4 Plaque 5

Duration Of Flaming After First 5 .2 7 5

.Application (1 i) (sec)

Duratio Of Flaming After Second ^• 1 6 5

Application (T2) (sec)

Total Afterflame (TI+T2) (sec) I 37

Afterglow after second flarne 0 0 0 0 application (T3) (sec)

Duration of flaming/glowing after 2 6 -)

second application (T2-FF3) (sec)

Sample flamed or glowed on a .No No No No No holding clamp

Sample ignited surgical cotton No 1 No No No j No

Formulation 4 Plaque 1 Plaque 2 Plaque 3 Plaque 4 Plaque 5

Duration Of Flaming After . First 5 5 5 6 6

Application. (Tl) (sec) —

Duration Of Flaming After Second 3 3 5 6 6

Application (T2) (sec)

Tola! Afterflame (ΤΗ-Τ2·} (sec) 50

Afterglow after second flame 0 0 ^" 0 ^" o 0 application (T3) (sec)

Duration of flaming/glowing after 3 5 6 6 second application. (T2+T3) (sec)

Sample flamed or glowed on a No No No No No holding clamp

Sample ignited surgical cotton i es Yes ! Yes Yes Yes 1 ^' Formulation 5 Plaque 1. Plaque 2 Piaque 3 Plaque 4 Plaque 5

Durat km Of Flaming After First 4 5 i

Application (T l) (sec)

Duration Of Flaming After Second j 6 j 2 1 5

Application (T2) (sec) ]

Total Afterflame (T 1 +T2 ) (sec) } 39

Afterglow after second flame 0 J 0 0 0 0 application (T3) (sec)

Duration of flaming/glowing after 6 ^" I ^*

second application (T2+T3) (sec)

Sample flamed or glowed on a No No No No No holding clamp

Sample ignited surgical cotton ' Yes Yes Yes Yes * Yes

I Sample ignited surgical cotton No No ^" No No I No

Sample ignited surgical cotton \ No | No No No j ^" No

Sample ignited surgical cotton No No No Yes j No

Sample ignited surgical cotton j No j No Yes Yes No

[00107] In another set of experiments, TPTES was blended with a series of polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (opaque, 30% glass particles as reinforcer), polymethylmethacrylate (transparent, Mw = 120,000). polystyrene (transparent, w - 35,000), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (transparent, Mw - 165,000. erylonitrile - 25 wt. %), polyamide (Troganiid CX7323, transparent), polyetherimide (transparent, melt index - 9 g 10 rain at 337 °C 6.6 kg), and poiysulfone (transparent, Mw - 35,000, Mn = 16,000) at a loading of 5 weight % and the optical transparency and the flame retardancy of the blended plaques were evaluated. The optical properties of such plaques were reported at a plaque thickness of 1.6 mm. The difference between the transparency of pure polymer and pure polymer/TPTES blend was represented as ΔΤ. The difference between the haze of pure polymer TPTES blend and pure polymer was represented as Δ1Τ Results showed that the addition of 5 weight % TPTES, there is no negative impact on the optical properties of polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, poly(styrene~co-aerylonitrile), polyamide, and poiysulfone. The ΔΤ and ΔΗ values of resulting transparent plaques are shown in the following Table.

Example 22; Preparation of a Mixture of l ,l,l-Triphen l-3, 3-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxydisiloxane (TPDHDS) and 1,1,1 ,5 _> 5,5~Hexaplienyl-3 _i 3-Dinietl yltrisiloxane (HPDTS)

{00108] A mixture of 1.1 ,1 riplienyl-3, 3 -dimethyl -3 -hydroxydi siloxane (TPDHDS) and 1 ,1 ,1 ,5,5,5-hexaphenyl-3 ,3-dirneihyltrisiloxane (HPDTS) was prepared.

{00109} To a stirred solution of 37,4 grams {0.29 mole) dimethyldiehlorostlane in 170 grams toluene at S^C was added a solution of 80 grams (0.29 mole) triplienylsi!anol, 25.1 grams (0.32 mole) pyridine and 40 grams toluene over a period of 30 minutes. An exotherni was observed during the addition to about 30°C. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours below 30°C followed by an addition of 100 ml water to initiate hydrolysis. The reaction mixture was stirred for I hour at ambient temperature. The siloxane in toluene solution was washed twice with 500 ml water. Final separation provided a water layer that was very near neutral in pH. The toluene solution was then heated to 130°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove toluene leaving 90 grams of a white, solid product with a raetling point of 71~85°C. The product was identified as a mixture of 1 J ,l-triphenyi-3. 3 -dimethyl -3- hydroxydisiioxane {TPDHDS) (85wt%) and 1 ,1 ,1,5,5, 5-hexaphenyl-3,3-dimethyltrisiloxane (HPDTS) (35wt%) by 1 H-NMR and 29Si-NMR analysis.

Example 1 : Preparation of 1,1 ,1 -Triphenyl-3,3,3-Trimethyldisiloxaiie (TPTDS)

triphenyi sHanol trimethyl ch!ofosi!ane l,l,l-'tfirnethyj-33,3- ■triphenyl lisiloxane {00110} To a stirred solution of 330 grams f ί . l mol) triphenylsilanol in 500 grams toluene at. 75°C was added a mixture of 116 grams (0,72mol) 1 , ,1

and 39 grams (0.36moJ) trimethylcfalorosilane -over a period of 20 minutes. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for an additional 3 hours at 75°C to complete the reaction followed by cooling to ambient temperature. The siloxane in toluene solution was washed twice with 600 ml water. Final separation provided a water layer that was very near neutral in pH, The toluene solution was then heated to 130°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove toluene leaving 372 grams (89.7% of theory) of a white solid product with an n25 D ^: =L558 and a.

melting point of 50~52°C. The product, was identified as 1,1,1 -triphenyl-3,3,3- trimethyldisiloxane (TPTDS) by 1 H-NMR analysis.

Example 23 ; Preparation of 3 ,1,1 3-l¾traphenyl-3, _: 3-Dimethyldisiloxane (TPDMDS)

[00111 1.1 J ,3-Tetraphenyl-3,3-dimethyldisiloxane (TPDMDS) was prepared.

tripbenyj s anol chlorodimethylphenylsiiane l,l,13 ^~ tetraphenyl-3,3- dirmethyldisiloxane

[00112] To a stirred solution of 77 grams (0.28 mole) triphenylsilanol, 25.5 grams (0.32 mole) pyridine and 1 10 grams toluene at 3°C was added. 50 grams- (0.29 mole)

chiorodiraethylphenylsilatie over a period of 20 minutes. An exotherm was observed during the addition to about 20°C. After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hours at ambient temperature. The siloxane in toluene solution was washed twice with 500 ml water. Final separation provided a water layer thai was very near neutral in pH, The toluene solution was then heated to 130°C and stripped at reduced pressure to remove toluene leaving 1 0 grams (87.2% of theory) of a white solid product with an n25/D~ 1.586 and a melting point of 44~49°C. The product was identified as 1,1,1 ,3-tetraphenyl-3,3- dimethy!disi!oxane (TPDMDS) b I ^' H-NMR. analysis.

Example 24: Preparation of 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3,3-Hexaphenyldisiloxane (HPDS) j Ol 13} 1 J J ,3 ,3-Hexaphenyldisiioxane (HPDS) was prepared.

tfiphenyi silan l trisrhyiamlne

..l/^S^-Hexap enyldisiloxan f 00114] To a stirred solution of 30 grams (0.1 1 mole) triphenylsilanol in 90 grams of toluene was added 1 grams triethykmine. The solution was heated to about ! 10°C and stirred for 3 hours under toluene reilux. The reaction solutio was cooled to ambient temperature during which the precipitation of as white solid was observed. The white solid was filtered and dried at 150°C for lhour to remove toluene leaving 10 grams (34.4% of theory) of a white solid product with 210°C of melting point. The product was identified as 1 ,.l ,3,3,3-hexaphenyldisiloxane (HPDS) by ί H-NMR and 29S1-N R analysis.

[001151 While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be imderstood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.