BACKGROUND

[0001] In a printer using a hot air circulation system, for example for curing or drying printed inks, airflow nozzles of a nozzle plate of the airflow distribution system may become partially or wholly occluded by contaminates, for example dust and ink particles. Such clogging may reduce airflow, which in turn may result in a loss of performance in the curing or drying of printed inks. Consequently, the nozzle plate and or nozzles should be cleaned before degradation in print quality becomes too severe. However, printer downtime for cleaning the nozzle plate and nozzles is undesirable. This may be more of an issue in hot air circulation systems which are unfiltered.

LIST OF FIGURES

[0002] The following description is provided by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0003] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an example hot air circulation system in accordance with an example;

[0004] Figure 2 is a graphical illustration of an example relationship between pressure and airflow for a hot air circulation system in accordance with an example;

[0005] Figure 3 is a table of fan speed and power consumption pairs for different fan speeds in accordance with an example;

[0006] Figure 4 is an example process flow control diagram in accordance with an example;

[0007] Figure 5 is an example of a graph of power (current consumption in mA) against pressure for a fixed fan speed for a hot air circulation system in accordance with an example printer; and

[0008] Figure 6 is in accordance with an example of a process flow control diagram for a sub-routine to implement stage 404 of the process flow control diagram illustrated in figure 4.

DESCRIPTION

[0009] In general overview and with reference to examples shown in Figures 1 and 2, in accordance with the present example, a circuit 3 for controling a fluid impeller 6 in a fluid flow distribution system 11 to achieve a target fluid flow. The circuit 3 is designed to output a speed signal representative of a speed value (Ντ) of the fluid impeller 6 derived from a stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (N.) pairs to achieve the target fluid flow 5. The circuit 3 is also designed to receive a power signal representative of an input power consumption value (W) of the fluid impeller 6 at the speed value (Ντ) to input a fluid to the fluid flow distribution system 11 and to compare the power consumption value (W) represented by the power signal input to the circuit 3 for the fluid impeller speed (Ντ) with the stored power consumption value (W.) and fluid impeller speed value (N ₍ ) pairs to determine a least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ) of the stored pair comprising a least difference between the input power consumption value (W) and the power consumption value (W,). The circuit 3 is designed to be responsive to determining the least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ) to output a speed signal representative of the least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ).

[0010] The present disclosure also relates to a method for controlling a fluid impeller in a fluid flow distribution system 11 to achieve a target fluid flow 5, the method comprising outputting a speed signal representative of a speed value (N _T ) of the fluid impeller derived from a stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (Ni) pairs to achieve the target fluid flow 5. The method also relates to receiving a power signal representative of an input power consumption value (W) of the fluid impeller 6 at the speed value (NT) to input a fluid to the fluid flow distribution system 11 and comparing the power consumption value (W) represented by the power signal input to the circuit 3 for the fluid impeller speed (NT) with the stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (Ni) pairs to determine a least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ) of the stored pair comprising a least difference between the input power consumption value (W) and the power consumption value (Wi). The method is responsive to determining the least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ) to output a speed signal representative of the least difference fluid impeller speed value (N _L ).

[0011] The present disclosure may be used to indirectly control airflow by measuring power consumption of the fluid impeller 6 and to determine power consumption at or close to the measured power consumption and operating the fluid impeller 6 at a speed paired with the determined power consumption to produce an airflow 5 at or close to a target airflow 5. This may be achieved using existing circuitry with little modification and additional components.

[0012] The present disclosure may compare the power consumption value (W) represented by the power signal input to the circuit for the fluid impeller speed (N _L ) with each of the stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (Ni) pairs to determine a second least difference fluid impeller speed value (N't) of the stored pair comprising a least difference between the input power consumption value (W) and the power consumption value (W,). This may monitor airflow during operation of the fluid flow distribution system and adjust the speed of the fluid impeller 6 to maintain operation at or close to a target airflow 5 based on measured fluid impeller power consumption.

[0013] A speed signal representative of a speed value (Ντ) to achieve the target fluid flow 5 may be output responsive to initiation of operation of the fluid impeller 6. In this way, the operation of the fluid flow distribution system 11 may be initiated with a fluid impeller speed for which the system was designed or had been calibrated as a start point.

[0014] The speed signal representative of a speed value (N _T ) to achieve the target fluid flow 5 is initially derived from the stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (Mi) pair comprising a lowest speed value of fluid impeller speed value (N,). Such a start point may provide a lowest power consumption start point.

[0015] The stored power consumption value (W,) and fluid impeller speed value (N,) pairs may be stored in a memory store which may be a part of the circuit 3 or, at least in part, remote from the circuit 3.

[0016] The circuit may be implemented using processor, comprising processor executable instructions to implement the circuit function and operation.

[0017] Turning now to figure 1, there is schematically illustrated a printer 10 including a fluid flow distribution system 11 utilising hot air circulation. In the present disclosure there is a chamber 1 into which air is pumped and which provides a plenum for supply of pressurised air to nozzle plate 2. Airflow 7 into the chamber 1 is created by an impeller tan 6 comprising rotating blades. The rotating blades act as impeller elements and the airflow is proportional to the speed of rotation of the blades (N). The airflow 7 is drawn into chamber 1 over heater element 8 which heats the air. Such a hot air circulation fluid flow distribution system 11 may be used for inks which require drying or curing and may include inks such as latex or other rubber compound inks and inks including other compounds or compositions requiring curing.

[0018] The air in chamber 1 is pressurized under the influence of fan 6 and from there evenly distributed through the nozzle plate 2 resulting in a hot airflow 5 impacting on the printed surface 9. The control circuit 3 may control the fan 6 and the heater element 8 based on multiple parameters that may include the conditions inside the chamber 1 sensed with sensors 4 such as for temperature or pressure or both, for example. The fluid distribution system 1 is located in the printer 100 just prior to the document exit tray. [0019] Such systems may degrade over time as contaminants, for example dust and ink particles, suspended on the incoming airflow 7 may accumulate on the nozzles 2 through which the air is blown 2. When nozzles of nozzle plate 2 clog, the hot airflow 5 may be reduced and this may result in a loss of curing or drying performance. A result of degradation may be poor or even bad quality prints (i.e. not cured/dried) and so re-calibration and/or cleaning of the hot air circulation fluid flow distribution system may be scheduled to take place.

[0020] The airflow 5 is dependent on the pressure in the chamber 1 which is dependent on the amount of air per unit time, i.e. volume of air, the fan 6 forces into chamber 1, i.e. the speed of rotation of fan 6. Thus, if fan 6 may be controlled to rotate at a speed N where the airflow is constant regardless of the clogging of the nozzles of nozzle plate 2 then the airflow may be maintained at a target rate, for example suitable for curing and or drying inks on the printed surface 9.

[0021] To maintain airflow at or close to a target airflow previously derived for the printer, the fan speed is kept at or dose to a target fan speed (N _T ) previously established as providing the target airflow 5 for the conditions in the chamber 1. The target fan speed (N _T ) will vary depending on the pressure in chamber 1 to maintain the target airflow 5 through nozzle plate 2. Likewise, the power (W) to operate the fan 6 at the target speed (N _T ) is dependent on the pressure in chamber 1. The pressure in chamber 1 to maintain a target airflow 5 is dependent on how dear and free from accumulated contaminants are the airflow nozzles of nozzle plate 2. The greater the occlusion of the nozzles of nozzle plate 2 the greater the pressure to be overcome to achieve the target airflow 5 and hence the greater the power consumption (W) of a fan 6 operating at a target speed (N _T ). The target speed (N _T ) may be considered to be the speed at which the fan 6 is to operate to achieve a target airflow.

[0022] Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between pressure (P) and airflow (Q) in a fluid flow distribution system in accordance with the present disclosure for a fan speed (N).

[0023] The fan power consumption (W) depends on (P) and (Q), where (Q) is the airflow 5 through nozzle plate 2. For each pressure loss curve there is a single (W) value at the desired (Q). In figure 2 the broken line represents a pressure (P) against airflow (Q) curve. Additionally, the speed of operation of a fan will result in different airflow (Q) for different pressures (P). [0024] A target airflow (Q target) will be produced for a fan speed (N1) at a pressure (Pi). If the airflow at speed (N1) should reduce to (Q'i), for example due to contaminants occluding nozzles of the nozzle plate 2. the pressure in chamber 1 wiH increase to (ΡΊ). However, at another fan speed (N2) the target airflow (Q target) can be achieved although the pressure in chamber 1 will have increased to (P2). Movement along the (N2) speed curve from a position of an airflow ((¼) at a pressure (P2) is caused by occlusion of the nozzle plate 2.

[0025] The amount of work fan 6 expends running at a given speed (Ni) will depend on the pressure it is looking into in chamber 1. The greater the pressure the greater the work and the more power is to be delivered to the fan 6. Thus, the power consumption at a given fan speed (N.) can be measured and this would be representative of the pressure. Therefore, a fluid distribution system may be calibrated by experimentation or by calculation or both to determine the power (Wi) delivered to a fan 6 for a fan speed (Ni) for a target airflow at a pressure (Pi) in the chamber. In this way, an indirect measurement of airflow may be achieved through the monitoring of power consumption (Wi) of the fan at a given fan speed (Ni).

[0026] Utilising the teaching of the present disclosure, a look up table, figure 3, that contains pairs of power consumption W, for different fan speeds N, when delivering the target airflow may be derived. Such a look up table may be derived for each fluid flow distribution system or printer as part of a calibration routine during manufacture of the fluid flow distribution system or printer.

[0027] The present disclosure comprises a control circuit 3 implemented by way of a programmable integrated circuit such as a microcontroller. The control circuit 3 controls fan speed (N) and senses the power consumption (W) of the fan by sensing the electrical current and electric voltage delivered to the fan. A signal representative of the fan speed (N) is input to the control circuit, for example from reading the fan tachometric signal or, in the case of a fan integrating servo control electronics for example, by taking the Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal as an indication of the fan speed. The power consumption (W) may be calculated by the control circuit 3 by multiplying the voltage and current input to the control circuit 3.

[0028] The control circuit 3 comprises the look up table illustrated in figure 3 that contains pairs of power consumption Wi for different fan speeds Ni when delivering the target airflow. The look up table may be located remote from the control circuit 3 and accessed by the circuit 3 via a communications network.

[0029] In accordance with the present disclosure fan 6 is a servo driven impeller fan and control circuit 3 receives the PWM signal used to drive the servo for fan 6 which is indicative of the speed (N) of fan 6. Control circuit 3 also receives signals indicative of the power consumption (W) of the fan 6. To the extent that the control circuit 6 outputs the PWM signal to the servo for fan 6 it in effect receives the PWM signal by monitoring what is output as the PWM signal.

[0030] In the described disclosure, the microcontroller of control circuit 3 operates in accordance with the process flow control diagram 400 illustrated in figure 4. Process flow control diagram 400 sets out operation of the control circuit 3 implemented in the microcontroller by way of a set of executable instructions, which may be referred to as a computer program, routine or application.

[0031] Operation of the microcontroler of control circuit 3 in accordance with the process flow control diagram 400 starts with the microcontroller initiating the heating system to startup, 402. Then, process control flows to the next stage 404 at which stage the controller seeks the fan speed, target speed (Ντ), with a power consumption (W) which best matches the expected power consumption when delivering the target airflow. In the described disclosure the control circuit 3 accesses the speed-power pair look up table iPustrated in figure 3 and sends an output speed signal to fan 6 corresponds to the first speed entry (N1 ) in the table.

[0032] The control circuit 3 receives the power signal indicative of a consumption (W) of fan 6 and searches the look up table of pairs of power consumption (W,) and fan speed (N _f ) for a fan speed Ni at which the fan consumes power (W) best matched to the power consumption indicated for that fan speed N. in accordance with the graphical relationships illustrated in figure 2. That is to say, determine which speed results in the least difference between the measured fan power consumption (W) at that speed and the predicted power consumption (Wi) at that speed and which may be expressed algebraically looking for a minimum value for the relationship:

W(N) -W,(N,). (1) where W(N) is the measured power consumption at a fan speed (N) and W,(Ni) is the power consumption Wi Indicated in the table for a corresponding speed (N■).

[0033] Control circuit 3 inspects the look up table and applies the relationship (1) in a sequential fashion to determine which of the power/speed pairs gives a minimal absolute (ignore positive or negative signs) power value, W _L (N _L ).

[0034] If a minimal power value (W _L ) Is found, 406, process control flows to stage 408, where control circuit 3 outputs a PWM signal to operate fan 6 at the corresponding minimal power speed, (N _L ). In this way, the target airflow may be achieved or airflow close to the target airflow may be achieved without direct measurement of the airflow. Process control may then flow to stage 410 at which it is determined that the nozzles of nozzle plate 2 are sufficiently clear from clogging so as to allow proper operation of the fluid distribution system 1.

[0035] If no minimal absolute value is found at stage 406 then process control flows to stage 412 and control circuit 3 may set a flag indicating that nozzle plate 2 requires cleaning. Responsive to the setting of such a flag process control flows to stage 414 at which an alert Is indicated to the user warning them that maintenance should be undertaken.

[0036] During operation of the fluid flow distribution system 1 control circuit 3 may continue to monitor the power consumption of fan 6 to derive a new least power speed (N' _L ) by returning to stage 404.

[0037] In an embodiment of the disclosure, control circuit 3 my include a threshold test in stage 404 to determine if a minimal value derived from the table is within acceptable operational limits. For example, If the minimal value is too great so as to require operation of the fan at a speed or power that would lead to damage, unreasonable wear or destruction of the fan it should not be used.

[0038] Turning now to figure 6, there is illustrated a process flow control diagram 600 for a sub-routine to Implement an example of stage 404 of the process flow control diagram of figure 2. The term "sub-routine" does not indicate any particular hierarchy but just that stage 404 may be implemented by calling the process ilustrated in figure 6. Process flow control diagram 600 starts at stage 602 with inspecting the look table of figure 3 to determine the first fan speed, N,. in the table, i.e. fan speed No. At stage 604 the control circuit 3 sends a speed signal to fan 6 at the fan speed N*. initially No.

[0039] At stage 608 the error, i.e. difference, in the values between the measured power consumption and the power consumption indicated for the speed N, at which the fan 6 is being rotated. The error is tested at stage 610 to determine if the error is less than the current minimal error and if so process flow control flows to stage 612 where the current speed/power pair is assigned as the best pair and the current minimal error is assigned as the error for that best pair. Process flow control the proceeds to stage 614 where the index i for the look up table is incremented by one and a check for the end of table is conducted at stage 616. If the end of the table has not been reached flow control proceeds to stage 604.

[0040] If the determination of the error at stage 610 is not lower than the current minimal error process flow control flows to stage 614.

[0041] If the result of the test at stage 616 is "yes" control flows to stage 618 where it is determined if the current minimal error is less than a threshold value. If stage 618 gives a "yes" result control flows to stage 622 where the best pair is assigned as the current best pair and is used to control the speed of the fan. if the result of stage 618 is "no" it is determined at stage 620 that a satisfactory speed is not found and an alert for maintenance is set.

[0042] An illustration of the variation of current with pressure is graphically represented in figure 5 for a fan operating at 10 PWM in a commercially available printer. The graph shows that the current drawn by the fan increases with the pressure in the chamber 1. In accordance with the example ilustrated in figure 5 a pressure of 30Pa is the pressure to achieve the target flow (Qtarget) specified in the graph illustrated in figure 2.

[0043] In the foregoing, fluid impeller speed may refer to the speed of an element of a fluid impeller. In the case of a fan the element may be a fan blade and the speed may be the rotational speed of the fan blade which may be defined in terms of angular speed or linear speed of a datum point on a blade.

[0044] Insofar as the disclosure described above is implementable. at least in part, using a machine readable instruction-controlled programmable processing device such as a general purpose processor or special-purposes processor, digital signal processor, microprocessor, or other processing device, data processing apparatus or computer system it will be appreciated that a computer program for configuring a programmable device, apparatus or system to implement the foregoing described methods, apparatus and system is envisaged as an aspect of the present disclosure and claimed subject matter. The computer program may be embodied as any suitable type of code, such as source code, object code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, and or dynamic code, for example. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object- oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Perl, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, JAVA, ActiveX, assembly language, machine code, and so forth. The term "computer" in its most general sense may encompass programmable devices such as referred to above, and data processing apparatus and computer systems in whatever format they may arise, for example, desktop personal computer, laptop personal computer, tablet, smart phone or other computing device.

[0045] The computer program may be stored on a computer readable storage medium in machine readable form, for example the computer readable storage medium may comprise memory, removable or non-removable media, erasable or non-erasable media, writeable or re-writeable media, digital or analog media, hard disk, floppy disk, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteabie (CD- RW), optical disk, magnetic media, magneto-optical media, removable memory cards or disks, various types of Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) subscriber identity module, tape, cassette solid-state memory. The computer program may be supplied from a remote source and embodied in a communications medium such as an electronic signal, radio frequency earner wave or optical carrier waves. Such carrier media are also envisaged as aspects of the present disclosure.

[0046] As used herein any reference to "one disclosure" or "a disclosure" means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the disclosure is included in at least one disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one disclosure" or the phrase "in an disclosure" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same disclosure.

[0047] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0048] In addition, use of the "a" or "an" are employed to describe elements and components of the disclosure. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the disclosure. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

[0049] Various modifications may be made within the scope of the disclosure. For example, inks other than those dried or cured may be used with the disclosure. Although the fluid flow distribution system has been described using a printer as an example of where such a system may be used, the disclosure is not limited to use with printers but may be implemented in other devices where a constant substantially constant or controllable airflow is to be obtained. The disclosure has been described with reference to an impeller fan but the disclosure is not limited to such type of a fan.

[0050] Although the disclosure has been described with reference to a programmable integrated circuit such as a microcontroller other programmable devices such as referred to above may be used. Control circuit 3 may be implemented in hardware using discrete circuitry or machine-readable instructions or a combination thereof. Additionally, the power consumption of fan 6 may be provided by power sense circuit which outputs a signal indicative of power consumption (W).

[0051] The scope of the present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed therein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation thereof irrespective of whether or not it relates to the claimed subject matter or mitigates against any or all of the issues addressed by the present disclosure. The applicant hereby gives notice that new claims may be formulated to such features during prosecution of this application or of any such further application derived therefrom. In particular, with reference to the appended claims, features from dependent claims may be combined with those of the independent claims and features from respective independent claims may be combined in any appropriate manner and not merely in specific combinations enumerated in the claims.