WITH FUNCTIONAL FLUORINATED SILANE COMPOUNDS

Technical Field

[01] The present disclosure relates to compositions that include peroxide cure fluoropolymers and

nanoparticles functionalized with functional fluorinated silane compounds.

Background

[02] Elastomers that perform adequately at higher temperatures, for example, temperatures of 200°C to 330°C are of interest. Because of the higher bond energy of the C-F bond, perfluoroelastomers (fully fluorinated molecules) traditionally have been used at these extreme temperature conditions. However, the cost of perfluoroelastomers can make them undesirable or prohibitive for certain applications and markets. Partially fluorinated elastomers are typically less expensive than perfluorinated elastomers and because they comprise some fluorine, they can perform adequately in some of the same extreme conditions as the perfluorinated elastomers, e.g., chemical resistance, etc. However, they still do not always have acceptable physical properties for all applications.

Summary

[03] A curable composition comprising: a fluorinated elastomeric gum and nanoparticles functionalized with at least one compound according to formula I:

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Y3 (I)

wherein X is Br, I, CF ₂ =CF-0-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -0-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -, or CH ₂ =CH-, n is an integer from 2 to 8, m is an integer from 2 to 5, p is 0 or 1, and Y is Cl- or -OR, where R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, Y is -0(CH ₂ ) _X CH3, where x is an integer from 0 to 3.

[04] The above summary is not intended to describe each embodiment of the present disclosure. The details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are also set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the description and from the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[05] All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified. The definitions provided herein are to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[06] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a”,“an”, and“the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. [07] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term“or” is generally employed in its sense including“and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The term“and/or” means one or all of the listed elements or a combination of any two or more of the listed elements.

[08] As used herein,“have”,“having”,“include”,“including” ,“comprise”,“comprising” or the like are used in their open-ended sense, and generally mean“including, but not limited to”. It will be understood that “consisting essentially of’,“consisting of’, and the like are subsumed in“comprising” and the like. For example, a composition that“comprises” silver may be a composition that“consists of’ silver or that “consists essentially of’ silver.

[09] As used herein,“consisting essentially of,” as it relates to a composition, apparatus, system, method or the like, means that the components of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like are limited to the enumerated components and any other components that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like.

[010] The words“preferred” and“preferably” refer to embodiments that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the disclosure, including the claims.

[011] Also herein, the recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints include all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc. or 10 or less includes 10, 9.4, 7.6, 5, 4.3, 2.9, 1.62, 0.3, etc.). Where a range of values is“up to” a particular value, that value is included within the range.

[012] Use of“first,”“second,” etc. in the description above and the claims that follow is not intended to

necessarily indicate that the enumerated number of objects is present. For example, a“second” substrate is merely intended to differentiate from another substrate (such as a“first” substrate). Use of“first,” “second,” etc. in the description above and the claims that follow is also not necessarily intended to indicate that one comes earlier in time than the other.

[013] "backbone" refers to the main continuous chain of a polymer;

[014] "block copolymers" are polymers in which chemically different blocks or sequences are covalently

bonded to each other.

[015] "copolymer" refers to a polymeric material comprising at least two different interpolymerized monomers (i.e., the monomers do not have the same chemical structure) and include terpolymers (three different monomers), tetrapolymers (four different monomers), etc.;

[016] "crosslinking" refers to connecting two pre-formed polymer chains using chemical bonds or chemical groups and can be used interchangeably with“curing”

[017] "cure site" refers to functional groups, which may participate in crosslinking;

[018] "glass transition temperature" or "Tg" refers to the temperature at which a polymeric material transitions from a glassy state to a rubbery state. The glassy state is typically associated with a material that is, for example, brittle, stiff, rigid, or combinations thereof. In contrast, the rubbery state is typically associated with a material that is, for example, flexible and elastomeric.

[019] "interpolymerized" refers to monomers that are polymerized together to form a polymer backbone;

[020] "millable" is the ability of a material to be processed on rubber mills and internal mixers; "monomer" is a molecule which can undergo polymerization which then form part of the essential structure of a polymer;

[021] "perfluorinated" means a group or a compound derived from a hydrocarbon wherein all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. A perfluorinated compound may however still contain other atoms than fluorine and carbon atoms, like chlorine atoms, bromine atoms and iodine atoms; and

[022] "polymer" refers to a macrostructure comprising interpolymerized units of monomers.

[023] The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes at least a partially fluorinated polymer and nanoparticles functionalized with a functional fluorinated silane compound. Disclosed compositions can be referred to as nanoparticle containing compositions.

Functional Fluorinated Silane Compounds

[024] Disclosed functional fluorinated silane compounds include those of formula I below.

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Y ₃ (I) where X can be selected from Br, I, CF ₂ =CF-0-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -0-, CH ₂ =CH-, or CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -; n can be an integer from 2 to 8; m can be an integer from 2 to 5; p is 0 or 1; and Y is Cl- or -OR, where R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, Y is -0(CH ₂ ) _X CH3, where x is an integer from 0 to 3. In some embodiments, X can be CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -, or CH ₂ =CH-,. In some embodiments, n can be an integer from 2 to 7, from 2 to 6 or even from 2 to 4. In some embodiments, m can be an integer from 2 to 4 or from 2 to 3. In some embodiments, Y can be -0(CH ₂ ) _X CH3 where x is 0, i.e., Y is -OCH ₃ .

[025] Generally, X represents the functional group of the functional fluorinated silane compound. Thus, e.g., when X is Br, a compound of formula I may be referred to as a bromo-functional fluorinated silane compound. Similarly, e.g., when X is CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ -, a compound of formula I may be referred to as an allyl-f mctional fluorinated silane compound.

[026] Illustrative specific functional fluorinated silane compounds disclosed and/or useful herein can include:

Br-C ₂ F ₄ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -SiCl ₃ (BTFETCS),

Br-C ₂ F ₄ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -Si(OCH ₃ ) ₃ (BTFETMS),

CF ₂ =CF-0-C ₄ F ₈ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -SiCl ₃ (MV4ETCS),

CF ₂ =CF-0-C ₄ F ₈ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -Si(0CH ₃ ) ₃ (MV4ETMS),

CF ₂ =CF-0-C ₄ F ₈ -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -SiCl ₃ (MV4PTCS),

CF ₂ =CF-0-C ₄ F ₈ -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -Si(0CH ₃ ) ₃ (MV4PTMS), CH ₂ =CHCH2C4F ₈ CH2CH2CH ₂ SiCl3 (AC4PTCS),

CH2=CHCH2C4F ₈ CH2CH2CH ₂ Si(OCH3)3 (AC4PTMS),

CH2=CHCH2-0-C4F ₈ -0-CH2CH2CH ₂ SiCl3 (AEC4EPTCS),

CH2=CHCH2-0-C4F ₈ -0-CH2CH2CH ₂ Si(0CH3)3 (AEC4EPTMS),

CH ₂ =CHC4F ₈ CH2CH ₂ SiCl3 (VC4ETCS), and

CH ₂ =CHC4F ₈ CH2CH ₂ Si(OCH3)3 (VC4ETMS).

Other exemplary compounds include trialkoxy silanes analogues of such trimethoxy silanes, e.g., triethoxy silanes.

[027] In some embodiments, one method of making useful functional fluorinated silane compounds includes bonding a compound having a functional end with fluorinated carbons followed by an alkene on the opposite end that has been hydrosilylated with trichlorosilane using a platinum catalyst. This synthetic method is illustrated by the generic Scheme 1 below.

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -CH=CH2 + HS1CI3 (Pt) ®· X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Cl3

Scheme 1

wherein X, n, m, p, and x are as defined above for Formula I. Scheme 2 presents a more specific illustration of this particular synthetic method wherein p = 0.

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(CH ₂ ) _m -CH=CH ₂ + HS1CI3 (Pt) ®· X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Cl ₃

Scheme 2

[028] In some methods, the trichlorosilane compounds can be reacted with an alcohol to produce easier to

handle trialkoxy silanes. This synthetic method is illustrated by the generic Scheme 3 below using a linear alcohol as an exemplary alcohol.

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Cl ₃ + HO(CH ₂ ) _X CH ₃ ®·

X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(0) _p -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-( 0(CH ₂ ) _X CH ₃ ) ₃

Scheme 3

In scheme 3, X, n, m, p, and x are as defined above for Formula I. Scheme 4 presents a more specific illustration of this particular synthetic method wherein p= 0.

X (CF ₂ ) _n -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-Cl ₃ + HO(CH ₂ ) _X CH ₃ ®· X-(CF ₂ ) _n -(CH ₂ ) _m -Si-( 0(CH ₂ ) _x CH ₃ ) ₃

Scheme 4 [029] Disclosed compositions can include not less than 0.5 weight percent (wt%), not less than 1 wt%, or not less than 1.5 wt% of the functional fluorinated silane compound based on the total weight of the composition. Disclosed compositions can include not greater than 20 wt%, not greater than 15 wt%, not greater than 10 wt%, or not greater than 5 wt% of the functional fluorinated silane compound based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, a disclosed composition can include from about 1.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, and in some embodiments about 2 wt% of the functional fluorinated silane compound based on the total weight of the composition.

Nanoparticles

[030] As used herein, the term“nanoparticle” refers to a particle having a maximum dimension that is up to 180 nm. Suitable nanoparticles for use with the present invention may have an average particle size, or may encompass particles within a size distribution range, between as little as 5, 8, or 10 nm and as great as 120, 150, or 180 nm, for example. In another embodiment, the nanoparticles are equal to or greater than 30 nm in average size and may have an average particle size, or may encompass particles within a size distribution range, between as little as 30, 40, or 60 nm and as great as 70, 90 or 120 nm or possibly as great as 150, 160, or 180 nm, for example. In one embodiment, the average particle size of the nanoparticles may be as little as 30, 40, or 60 nm, or as great as 75, 90, 100, 110, or 120 nm, or within any range delimited by the foregoing values and/or by the values in the Examples herein.

[031] The size distribution, as well as average size, of the particles is determined by a laser

diffraction/scattering method using an optical analyzer such as, for example, a Model LA-950 laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer, available from Horiba, Ltd. of Japan. This method is widely used, and is also referred to in the art as Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (“LALLS”). Laser diffraction/scattering particle size analysis is based on the observation that particles passing through a laser beam scatter light at an angle that is inversely proportional to their size. As particle size decreases, the observed scattering angle increases logarithmically. Scattering intensity is also dependent on particle size, diminishing with particle volume. Large particles therefore scatter light at narrow angles with high intensity whereas small particles scatter at wider angles but with low intensity.

[032] Suitable nanoparticles include inorganic oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides of: aluminum, silicon, titanium, zirconium, cerium, zinc, tungsten, tantalum, boron, antimony, nickel, and iron; metal oxides including indium tin oxide, barium titanate, and yttria stabilized zirconium oxide; core shell particles including titanium dioxide over silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide over silicon dioxide, and silver over silicon dioxide; and metals including silver and nickel. Particularly suitable nanoparticles include silica (silicon dioxide, S1O ₂ ), titania (titanium dioxide, T1O ₂ ), and alumina (aluminum oxide, AI ₂ O ₃ ), for example.

[033] Silica nanoparticles, in the form of colloidal silica, for example, may be added in amounts from as little 0.5 wt. %, 1.0 wt. %, or 1.5 wt. % to as great as 3.0 wt. %, 5.0 wt. %, 7.5 wt. %, or 10 wt. % solids of the fluorinated silane composition, for example, based on the“wet” weight of the coating in liquid dispersion form. In a more particular embodiment, the nanoparticles may be added in amounts from as little as 1.0 wt. %, 1.25 wt. %, or 1.5 wt. %, to as great as 2.5 wt. %, 2.75 wt. %, or 3 wt. % solids of the

fluoropolymer coating composition, based on the“wet” weight of the coating in liquid dispersion form.

[034] The nanoparticles may be available in the form of colloidal silica, which are typically in the form of suspensions of fine amorphous, nonporous, spherical silica particles in a liquid phase. Colloidal silica may include silica particles of the above-described average particle size, and the colloidal silica may have a solids content as little as 10, 15, or 20 wt. %, or as great as 35, 40, or 45 wt. %, for example. Colloidal silicas may also include stabilizing agents, such as sodium or ammonia ions, to maintain the particles in their colloidal state and prevent sedimentation.

[035] The nanoparticles are functionalized with a functional fluorinated silane compound. Methods of

functionalizing a nanoparticle with a silane are known. Any suitable method may be used including those described in the Examples herein.

Fluorinated Elastomeric Gum

[036] Disclosed compositions also include at least one fluorinated elastomeric gum. As used herein the phrase “fluorinated elastomeric gum” refers to a fluoropolymer that can be processed as a traditional elastomer. To be processed as a traditional elastomer means that the fluoropolymer that can be processed with a two- roll mill, an internal mixer, or a combination thereof. Mill blending, via a two-roll mill for example, is a process that rubber manufacturers use to combine a polymer gum with curing agents and/or additives. In order to be mill blended, the fluorinated elastomeric gum must have a sufficient modulus. In other words, the gum cannot be so soft that it sticks to the mill, but also not so stiff that it cannot be banded onto the mill. In some embodiments, useful fluorinated elastomeric gums can have a modulus of at least 0.1, at least 0.3, or even at least 0.5 MPa (megaPascals); and not greater than 2.5, not greater than 2.2, or not greater than 2.0 MPa at l00°C as measured at a strain of 1% and a frequency of 1 Hz (Hertz), for example.

[037] Useful fluorinated elastomeric gums may be perfluorinated or partially fluorinated. As disclosed herein, in a perfluorinated polymer, the carbon-hydrogen bonds along the backbone of the polymer are all replaced with carbon-fluorine bonds and optionally some carbon-chlorine bonds. It is noted that the backbone of the polymer excludes the sites of initiation and termination of the polymer. As disclosed herein, in a partially fluorinated polymer, the polymer comprises at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and at least one carbon-fluorine bond on the backbone of the polymer excluding the sites of initiation and termination of the polymer. In some embodiments, useful fluorinated elastomeric gums can be highly fluorinated, wherein at least 50, 60, 70, 80, or even 85% of the polymer backbone comprises C-F bonds and at most 90, 95, or even 99% of the polymer backbone comprises C-F bonds.

[038] In some embodiments, useful fluorinated elastomeric gums may be derived from one or more fluorinated monomer(s) such as tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinyl fluoride (VF), vinylidene fluoride (VDF), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), pentafluoropropylene, trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), perfluorovinyl ethers, perfluoroallyl ethers, or combinations thereof. [039] In some embodiments, perfluorovinyl ethers that can be useful as fluorinated elastomeric gums can be of Formula II:

CF ₂ =CFO(R _f iO) _m Rf2 (II) where Rf _| is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene radical groups comprising 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and Rf2 is a perfluoroalkyl group comprising 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms. Illustrative specific perfluorovinyl ether monomers include: perfluoro (methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro (ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE), perfluoro (n-propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE-l), perfluoro-2-propoxypropylvinyl ether (PPVE-2), perfluoro-3-methoxy-n-propylvinyl ether, perfluoro-2-methoxy-ethylvinyl ether, perfluoro-methoxy-methylvinylether

(CF ₃ -0-CF ₂ -0-CF=CF ₂ ), and CF ₃ -(CF ₂ ) ₂ -0-CF(CF ₃ )-CF ₂ -0-CF(CF ₃ )-CF ₂ -0-CF=CF ₂ , and combinations thereof.

[040] In some embodiments, perfluoroallyl ethers that can be useful as fluorinated elastomieric gums can be of Formula III

CF ₂ =CFCF ₂ 0(R _fl 0) _n (R _f2 0) _m R _f3 (III) where Rf _| and Rf~> are independently linear or branched perfluoroalkylene radical groups comprising 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, m and n are independently an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and Rf^ is a perfluoroalkyl group comprising 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms. Illustrative specific perfluoroallyl ether monomers include: perfluoro (ethyl allyl) ether, perfluoro (n-propyl allyl) ether, perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl allyl ether, perfluoro-3-methoxy-n-propylallyl ether, perfluoro-2-methoxy- ethyl allyl ether, perfhioro-methoxy-methyl allyl ether, and

CF ₃ -(CF ₂ ) ₂ -0-CF(CF ₃ )-CF ₂ -0-CF(CF ₃ )-CF ₂ -0-CF ₂ CF=CF ₂ , and combinations thereof.

[041] As is known by those of skill in the art, the fluorinated elastomeric gums can optionally be modified

during formation thereof by the addition of small amounts of other copolymerizable monomers, which may or may not contain fluorine substitution, e.g. ethylene, propylene, butylene and the like. Use of these additional monomers (which can also be referred to as comonomers) is within the scope of the present disclosure. When present, these additional monomers can be used in amounts of not greater than 25 mole percent of the fluorinated elastomeric gum, in some embodiments less than 10 mole percent of the fluorinated elastomeric gum, and even less than 3 mole percent of the fluorinated elastomeric gum.

[042] In some embodiments, the fluorinated elastomeric gum can be a random copolymer, which is amorphous, meaning that there is an absence of long-range order (in long-range order the arrangement and orientation of the macromolecules beyond their nearest neighbors is understood). An amorphous fhioropolymer has no detectable crystalline character by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), meaning that if studied under DSC, the fluorinated elastomeric gum would not have a melting point or would have melt transitions with an enthalpy more than 0.002, 0.01, 0.1, or even 1 Joule/g from the second heat of a heat/cool/heat cycle, when tested using a DSC thermogram with a first heat cycle starting at -85°C and ramped at 10 °C/min to 350°C, cooling to -85°C at a rate of l0°C/min and a second heat cycle starting from -85°C and ramped at 10 °C/min to 350°C. Illustrative specific amorphous random copolymers may include: copolymers comprising TFE and perfluorinated vinyl ethers monomeric units (such as copolymers comprising TFE and PMVE, and copolymers comprising TFE and PEVE); copolymers comprising TFE and perfluorinated allyl ethers monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE and propylene monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, propylene, and VDF monomeric units;

copolymers comprising VDF and HFP monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, VDF, and HFP monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE and ethyl vinyl ether (EVE) monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE and butyl vinyl ether (BVE) monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, EVE, and BVE monomeric units; copolymers comprising VDF and perfluorinated vinyl ethers monomeric units (such as copolymers comprising VDF and CF2=CFOC3F7) monomeric units; an ethylene and HFP monomeric units; copolymers comprising CTFE and VDF monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE and VDF monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, VDF and perfluorinated vinyl ethers monomeric units (such as copolymers comprising TFE, VDF, and PMVE) monomeric units; copolymers comprising VDF, TFE, and propylene monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, VDF, PMVE, and ethylene monomeric units; copolymers comprising TFE, VDF, and perfluorinated vinyl ethers monomeric units (such as copolymers comprising TFE, VDF, and CF2=CF0(CF2)30CF3) monomeric units; and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the fluorinated elastomeric gum is not a copolymer comprising VDF and HFP monomeric units.

[043] In some embodiments, the fluorinated elastomeric gum can be a block copolymer in which chemically different blocks or sequences are covalently bonded to each other, wherein the blocks have different chemical compositions and/or different glass transition temperatures. In some embodiments, the block copolymer comprises a first block, A block, which is a semi-crystalline segment. If studied under a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), this block would have at least one melting point temperature (T _m ) of greater than 70°C and a measurable enthalpy, for example, greater than 0 J/g (Joules/gram). The second block, or B block, is an amorphous segment, meaning that there is an absence of long-range order (i.e., in long-range order the arrangement and orientation of the macromolecules beyond their nearest neighbors is understood). The amorphous segment has no detectable crystalline character by DSC. If studied under DSC, the B block would have no melting point or melt transitions with an enthalpy more than 2 milliJoules/g by DSC. In some embodiments, the A block is a copolymer derived from at least the following monomers: tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and vinylidene fluoride (VDF). In one embodiment, the A block comprises 30-85 wt (weight) % TFE; 5-40 wt % HFP; and 5-55 wt % VDF; 30-75 wt % TFE; 5-35 wt % HFP; and 5-50 wt % VDF; or even 40-70 wt % TFE; 10-30 wt % HFP; and 10-45 wt % VDF. In some embodiments, the B block is a copolymer derived from at least the following monomers: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and vinylidene fluoride (VDF). In some embodiments, the B block comprises 25-65 wt % VDF and 15-60 wt % HFP; or even 35-60 wt % VDF and 25-50 wt % HFP. Monomers, in addition, to those mentioned above, may be included in the A and/or B blocks. Generally, the weight average of the A block and B block are independently selected from at least 1000, 5000, 10000, or even 25000 daltons; and at most 400000, 600000, or even 800000 daltons. Such block copolymers are disclosed in WO 2017/013379 (Mitchell et al.); and U.S. Provisional Appl. Nos. 62/447675, 62/447636, and 62/447664, each fded 18 Jan 2017; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[044] Fluorinated elastomeric gums useful herein comprise cure sites, which act as reaction sites for

crosslinking the fluoropolymer to form a fluoroelastomer. Typically, the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or even 2% by mole of cure sites and at most 5, or even 10 % by mole of cure sites versus moles of fluorinated elastomeric gum.

[045] In some embodiments, fluorinated elastomeric gums may be polymerized in the presence of a chain

transfer agent and/or cure site monomers to introduce the cure sites into the fluorinated elastomeric gum.

[046] Illustrative specific chain transfer agents can include, for example: an iodo-chain transfer agent, and a bromo-chain transfer agent. For example, suitable iodo-chain transfer agent in the polymerization include the formula of RI _X , where (i) R is a perfluoroalkyl or chloroperfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and (ii) x = 1 or 2. The iodo-chain transfer agent may be a perfluorinated iodo-compound.

Illustrative iodo-perfluoro-compounds include l,3-diiodoperfluoropropane, l,4-diiodoperfluorobutane, 1, 6-diiodoperfluorohexane, l,8-diiodoperfluorooctane, l,lO-diiodoperfluorodecane, 1,12- diiodoperfluorododecane, 2-iodo- 1 ,2-dichloro-l, 1 ,2-trifluoroethane, 4-iodo- 1,2,4- trichloroperfluorobutane, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the bromine can be derived from a brominated chain transfer agent of the formula: RBr _x , where (i) R is a perfluoroalkyl or

chloroperfluoroalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and (ii) x = 1 or 2. The chain transfer agent may be a perfluorinated bromo-compound.

[047] Cure-site monomers, if utilized, can comprise at least one of a bromine, iodine, and/or nitrile cure moiety.

[048] In some embodiments, the cure site monomers may be derived from one or more compounds of the

formula: (a) CX2=CX(Z), wherein: (i) X each is independently H or F; and (ii) Z is I, Br, Rf -U wherein

U=I or Br and Rf =a perfluorinated or partially perfluorinated alkylene group optionally containing O atoms; or (b) Y(CF2)qY, wherein: (i) Y is Br or I or Cl and (ii) q=l-6. In addition, non-fluorinated bromo-or iodo-olefms, e.g., vinyl iodide and allyl iodide, can be used. In some embodiments, the cure site monomers are derived from compounds such as CH2=CHI, CF2=CHI, CF2=CFI, CF^CFlCF^I,

CF ₂ =CFCF ₂ I, ICF2CF2CF2CF2I, CH ₂ =CHCF ₂ CF ₂ I, CF ₂ =CFCH ₂ CH ₂ I, CF ₂ =CFCF ₂ CF ₂ I,

CH ₂ =CH(CF2) ₆ CH ₂ CH2l, CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF ₂ I, CF2=CFOCF ₂ CF ₂ CF2l, CF2=CFOCF ₂ CF ₂ CH2l, CF2=CFCF ₂ OCH ₂ CH2l, CF2=CFO(CF ₂ )3-OCF ₂ CF2l, CH ₂ =CHBr, CF ₂ =CHBr, CF ₂ =CFBr,

CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ Br, CF ₂ =CFCF ₂ Br, CH ₂ =CHCF ₂ CF ₂ Br, CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF ₂ Br, CF ₂ =CFC1,

CF2=CFCF2C1, or combinations thereof.

[049] In some embodiments, the cure site monomers comprise nitrile-containing cure moieties. Useful nitrile- containing cure site monomers include nitrile-containing fluorinated olefins and nitrile -containing fluorinated vinyl ethers, such as: perfluoro(8-cyano-5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-l-octene); CF2=CFO(CF2)LCN wherein L is an integer from 2 to 12; CF2=CFO(CF2) _u OCF(CF3)CN wherein u is an integer from 2 to 6; CF ₂ =CF0[CF2CF(CF3)0] _q (CF ₂ 0) _y CF(CF3)CN; CF ₂ =CF0[CF ₂ CF(CF3)0] _q (CF ₂ ) _y 0CF(CF ₃ )CN wherein q is an integer from 0 to 4 and y is an integer from 0 to 6; C F ₂ = C F | O C F ₂ C F ( C F 3 ) | _r O ( C F ₂ ) _t C N wherein r is 1 or 2, and t is an integer from 1 to 4; and derivatives and combinations of the foregoing. Examples of a nitrile-containing cure site monomer include CF ₂ =CFO(CF ₂ )5CN,

CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )OCF ₂ CF ₂ CN, CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF(CF3)OCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )CN,

CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CN, CF ₂ =CFOCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )OCF ₂ CF ₂ CN; and combinations thereof

Peroxide

[050] Disclosed compositions can also include a peroxide containing compound or a peroxide. The peroxide forms a covalent bond between the fluorinated elastomeric gum and the compound of formula I. Peroxide curatives include organic or inorganic peroxides. In some embodiments, organic peroxides can be utilized, particularly those that do not decompose during dynamic mixing temperatures.

[051] In many some embodiments, a tertiary butyl peroxide having a tertiary carbon atom attached to a peroxy oxygen can be utilized, for example.

[052] Illustrative specific examples of organic peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert- butyl peroxide, 2,5-di-methyl-2,5-di-tert-butylperoxyhexane, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, l,l-bis(tert- butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylchlorohexane, tert-butyl peroxy isopropylcarbonate (TBIC), tert-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC), tert-amyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate, tert-hexylperoxy isopropyl carbonate, carbonoperoxoic acid, 0,0'-l,3-propanediyl 00,00'-bis(l,l-dimethylethyl) ester, tert- butylperoxy benzoate, t-hexyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di(4- methylbenzoyl) peroxide, laurel peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, and combinations thereof. Other suitable peroxide curatives are listed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,504 (Tatsu et al.), the disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[053] The amount of peroxide used generally will be at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, or even 1.5; and at most 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, or even 5.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of the fluorinated elastomeric gum.

Additional Components in the Composition

[054] A composition containing a fluorinated elastomeric gum may or may not be crossbnked. Crossbnking of the resulting composition can be performed using a cure system that is known in the art such as: a peroxide curative, 2, 3-dimethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2, 3-diphenyl butane, and other radical initiators such as an azo compounds, and other cure systems such as a polyol and polyamine cure systems.

[055] Peroxide curatives include organic or inorganic peroxides. In some embodiments, organic peroxides can be utilized, particularly those that do not decompose during dynamic mixing temperatures.

[056] Crosslinking using a peroxide can be performed generally by using an organic peroxide as a crosslinking agent and, if desired, a crossbnking aid including, for example, bisolefms (such as

C H ₂ =C H ( C F ₂ ) ₍ ,C H=C H ₂ . and C H ₂ =C H ( C F ₂ ) ^CH=CH ₂ ) . diallyl ether of glycerin, triallylphosphoric acid, diallyl adipate, diallylmelamine and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), fluorinated TAIC comprising a fluorinated olefmic bond, tri(methyl)allyl isocyanurate (TMAIC), tri(methyl)allyl cyanurate, poly-triallyl isocyanurate (poly-TAIC), xylylene-bis(diallyl isocyanurate) (XBD), and N,N'-m-phenylene

bismaleimide.

[057] Examples of azo compounds useful in curing a composition containing the fluorinated block copolymers of the present disclosure are those that have a high decomposition temperature. In other words, they decompose above the upper use temperature of the resulting product. Such azo compounds may be found for example in "Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, by J.C. Salamone, ed., CRC Press Inc., New York, (1996) Vol. 1, page 432-440.

[058] The crosslinking using a polyamine is performed generally by using a polyamine compound as a

crosslinking agent, and an oxide of a divalent metal such as magnesium, calcium, or zinc. Examples of the polyamine compound or the precursor of the polyamine compound include hexamethylenediamine and a carbamate thereof, 4,4'-bis(aminocyclohexyl)methane and a carbamate thereof, and N,N'- dicinnamylidene-l,6-hexamethylenediamine.

[059] The crosslinking agent (and crosslinking aid, if used) each may be used in conventionally known

amounts, and the amounts used can be appropriately determined by one skilled in the art. The amount used of each of these components participating in the crosslinking may be, for example, about 1 part by mass or more, about 5 parts by mass or more, about 10 parts by mass or more, or about 15 parts by mass or more, and about 60 parts by mass or less, about 40 parts by mass or less, about 30 parts by mass or less, or about 20 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated block copolymer. The total amount of the components participating in the crosslinking may be, for example, about 1 part by mass or more, about 5 parts by mass or more, or about 10 parts by mass or more, and about 60 parts by mass or less, about 40 parts by mass or less, or about 30 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated block copolymer.

[060] For the purpose of, for example, enhancing the strength or imparting the functionality, conventional adjuvants, such as, for example, acid acceptors, fillers, process aids, or colorants may be added to the composition.

[061] For example, acid acceptors may be used to facilitate the cure and thermal stability of the composition.

Suitable acid acceptors may include magnesium oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, dibasic lead phosphite, zinc oxide, barium carbonate, strontium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, hydrotalcite, alkali stearates, magnesium oxalate, or combinations thereof. The acid acceptors can be used in amount raging from about 1 to about 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of the fluorinated block copolymer.

[062] Fillers can include, for example, an organic or inorganic filler such as clay, silica (S1O2), alumina, iron red, talc, diatomaceous earth, barium sulfate, wollastonite (CaSiC^), calcium carbonate (CaC03), calcium fluoride, titanium oxide, iron oxide and carbon black fillers, a polytetrafluoroethylene powder, PFA (TFE/perfhiorovinyl ether copolymer) powder, an electrically conductive filler, a heat-dissipating filler, and the like may be added as an optional component to the composition. Those skilled in the art are capable of selecting specific fillers at required amounts to achieve desired physical characteristics in the vulcanized compound. The filler components may result in a compound that is capable of retaining a preferred elasticity and physical tensile, as indicated by an elongation and tensile strength value, while retaining desired properties such as retraction at lower temperature (TR-10). In some embodiments, the composition comprises less than 40, 30, 20, 15, or even 10% by weight of the filler.

Processing of the Composition

[063] The nanoparticles can be functionalized with the functional fluorinated silane compounds using known methods including those described herein. Compositions containing the nanoparticles functionalized with the functional fluorinated silane compound, the fluorinated elastomeric gum, and other components can be mixed with the curing agent and optional conventional adjuvants. The method for mixing can include, for example, kneading with use of a twin roll for rubber, a pressure kneader or a Banbury mixer.

[064] The mixture may then be processed and shaped such as by extrusion or molding to form an article of various shapes such as sheet, a hose, a hose lining, an o-ring, a gasket, a packer, or a seal composed of the composition of the present disclosure. The shaped article may then be heated to cure the gum composition and form a cured elastomeric article.

[065] Pressing of the compounded mixture (i.e., press cure) is typically conducted at a temperature of about l20-220°C, or even about l40-200°C, for a period of about 1 minute to about 15 hours, usually for about 1-15 minutes. A pressure of about 700-20,000 kPa (kiloPascals), or even about 3400- 6800 kPa, is typically used in molding the composition. The molds first may be coated with a release agent and prebaked.

[066] The molded vulcanizate can be post cured in an oven at a temperature of about l40-240°C, or even at a temperature of about 160-230°C, for a period of about 1-24 hours or more, depending on the cross- sectional thickness of the sample. For thick sections, the temperature during the post cure is usually raised gradually from the lower limit of the range to the desired maximum temperature. The maximum temperature used is preferably about 260°C, and is held at this value for about 1 hour or more.

Cured Compositions

[067] Disclosed compositions can be cured using any curing methods, including radiation induced curing, thermal curing, etc.

[068] Disclosed compositions have been found to have good tensile strength, and 100% modulus. Surprisingly, it has also been discovered that the fluorinated block copolymer of the present disclosure has good compression set. Compression set is the deformation of the polymer remaining once a force is removed. Generally, lower compression set values are better (i.e., less deformation of the material). Typically, plastics (comprising a semicrystalline morphology) do not have good compression set. Therefore, it was surprising that the fluorinated block copolymer comprising the semicrystalline segment has good compression set. It was also surprising that the fluorinated block copolymers of the present disclosure retained their properties at elevated temperatures.

Articles

[069] Disclosed compositions may be used in articles, such as a hose, a seal (e.g., a gasket, an o-ring, a packer element, a blow-out preventor, a valve, etc.), a stator, or a sheet. These compositions may or may not be post cured. [070] While particular implementations of compositions including functional fluorinated silane compounds are described herein, other configurations and embodiments consistent with and within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to one of skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure. Various modifications and alterations of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.

[071] EXAMPLES

[072] Objects and advantages may be further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this disclosure.

[073] All materials are commercially available, for example from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company,

Milwaukee, WI, USA, or known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise stated or apparent. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the examples and the rest of the specification are by weight. The following abbreviations are used in this section: mL=milliliters, g=grams, lb=pounds, mm=millimeters, wt%= percent by weight, min=minutes, h=hours, NMR=nuclear magnetic resonance, ppm=parts per million, phr = parts per hundred rubber; °C = degrees Celsius, dNm = deci-newton-meter, mmHg = millimeters of mercury, kPa = kilopascal, mol = moles, psig = pounds per square inch gauge Abbreviations for materials used in this section, as well as descriptions of the materials, are provided in Table 1.

[074] Table 1

[075] Characterization Methods

[076] Melting point measurement and Glass transition

[077] Melting point (T _m ) and glass transition temperature (Tg) were determined in accordance with ASTM D 793-01 and ASTM E 1356-98 under a nitrogen flow using a differential scanning calorimeter available under the trade designation“DSC Q2000” from TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA. A DSC scan was obtained from -80 °C to 325 °C at 10 °C/min scan rate.

[078] Cure Rheology [079] Cure rheology tests were carried out using uncured, compounded samples using a rheometer available under the trade designation“PPA 2000” from Alpha technologies, Akron, OH, in accordance with ASTM D 5289-93a at 177 °C, no pre-heat, 12 min elapsed time, and a 0.5 degree arc. Both the minimum torque (ML) and highest torque attained during a specified period of time when no plateau or maximum torque (MH) was obtained were measured. The time for the torque to reach a value equal to ML + 0.1(MH - ML), (t'lO), the time for the torque to reach a value equal to ML + 0.5(MH - ML), (t'50), and the time for the torque to reach ML + 0.9(MH - ML), (t'90) were measured. Results are presented in Table 3.

[080] Tensile and Tear C

[081] Tensile data was gathered from post cured samples cut to Die D specifications at room temperature in accordance with ASTM 4l2-06a. Tensile data at elevated temperature was measured on Die D dumbbells. Tear C data was gathered on post cured sheets in accordance with ASTM D624. Results are presented in Tables 4 through 6.

[082] Molding O-rings and Compression Set

[083] O-rings (214, AMS AS568) were molded at 177 °C for 10 min. The press cured O-rings were post-cured at 232 °C for 4 h. The press cured and post cured O-rings were tested for compression set for 70 h at 200 °C in accordance with ASTM D 395-03 Method B and ASTM D 1414-94 with 25 % initial deflection. Results are reported as percentages. The test results are presented in Table 7.

[084] Preparative Example 1 (PE-l): Preparation of Br-C2F4-CH2CH2-SiCl3, BTFETCS

[085] To a 250 mL 3-neck, round bottom flask containing a magnetic stir bar, thermocouple and condenser was charged 20 g (0.1 mol) of Br-C2F4CH=CH2 and 15 g (0.1 mol) of HSiCT. The mixture was stirred and

100 pL of a 2.4 weight % Pt as platinum-divinyltetramethyl disiloxane complex was added. The reaction was run at 50 °C for 20 h. Vacuum distillation isolated 25 g (0.07 mol) of Br-C2F4-CH2CH2-SiCl3 with a boiling point of 40 °C at 4 Torr for a 76% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[086] Preparative Example 2 (PE-2): Preparation of Br-C2F4-CH2CH2-Si(OCH3)3, BTFETMS

[087] To a 250 mL 3-neck, round bottom flask containing a magnetic stir bar, thermocouple and condenser was charged 7 g methanol. The methanol was stirred and 25 g (0.07 mol) of compound prepared as described in PE-l was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 15 min and vacuum distillation isolated 20 g (0.06 mol) of Br-C2F4-CH2CH2-Si(OCH3)3 with a boiling point of 52 °C at 2 Torr for an 83% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[088] Preparative Example 3 (PE-3): Preparation of bromo functional fluorinated silica nanoparticle, BTFE-75 nm-np

[089] In a 3-neck, 1L round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a water-cooled condenser was charged 500 g Nalco 2329K (41.06%) silica. 5.68g of BTFETMS from PE- 2, and 563 g l-methoxy-2- propanol were combined and added while the Nalco 2329K was being stirred. The flask was heated in an 80 °C oil bath with stirring for 20 h. The powder was then dried further at 120 °C in a flow through oven to yield 200 g of bromo functional fluorinated silica nanoparticles, BTFE-75nm-np.

[090] Preparative Example 4 (PE-4): CH2=CHCH2C4F ₈ CH2CH2CH ₂ SiCl3, AC4PTCS [091] To a 1 L, 3-neck round botom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple and condenser was charged 454 g (1.0 mol) of ICqFgl, 300 g (3.0 mol) of allyl acetate and 4 g (0.018 mol) of t-butylperoxy-

2-ethylhexanoate. The mixture was stirred and heated to 75 °C for 20 h. The red-brown solution was vacuum stripped to remove starting allyl acetate and added dropwise to a 1 L, 3-neck round botom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple and condenser that was charged with 125 g (1.9 mol) of zinc powder, 400 g methanol that was activated with 10 g (0.06 mol) of bromine. The mixture was allowed to reflux at 65 °C for 1 h and distilled over into a receiver containing water to isolate 105 g (0.37 mol) of diallyl octafluorobutane. To a 250 mL, round botom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple and condenser was charged 105 g (0.37 mol) of diallyl octafluorobutane, 20g (0.15 mol) of trichlorosilane and 300 ppm platinum divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane complex stirred and heated to 60 °C for 4 h. The solution was vacuum stripped to first remove excess diallyl octafluorobutane, isolating 78 g (0.19 mol) of C H 2 = C H C H 2 C 4 F ₈ C H C H 2 C H 2 S i C 13 having a boiling point of 66 °C at 5 Torr for a 73% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[092] Preparative Example 5 (PE-5): Preparation of C H 2 = C H C H 2 C 4 F ₈ C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 S i ( O CH 3 ) 3. AC4PTMS

[093] To a 250 mL 3-neck, round botom flask containing a magnetic stir bar, thermocouple and condenser was charged 25 g methanol. The methanol was stirred and 45g (0.11 mol) of compound prepared as described for PE-4 was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 30 °C for 15 min and vacuum distillation isolated 38g (0.09 mol) of CF^CFlCF^CqFgCF^CF^CF^SiiOCF^^ having a boiling point of 95 °C at 2 Torr for an 87% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[094] Preparative Example 6 (PE-6): Preparation of allyl functional fluorinated silica nanoparticle, AC4P- 75nm-np

[095] In a 3-neck 1L round botom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a water cooled condenser was added 500 g Nalco 2329K (41.06%) silica. 7.94 g of AC4PTMS prepared as described for PE-5 and 500 g isopropanol were combined and added to the Nalco while stirring. The reaction mixture was transferred to an evaporation dish and dried at 120 °C to yield 200 g of allyl functional fluorinated silica

nanoparticles, AC4P-75nm-np.

[096] Preparative Example 7 (PE-7): Preparation of allyl functional fluorinated silica nanoparticle, AC4P- 20nm-np

[097] In a 3-neck 1L round botom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a water cooled condenser was added 500 g Nalco 2329K (41.06%) silica. 7.94 g of AC4PTMS prepared as described for PE-5 and 500 g isopropanol were combined and added to the Nalco while stirring. The reaction mixture was transferred to an evaporation dish and dried at 120 °C to yield 200 g of allyl functional fluorinated silica

nanoparticles, AC4P-20nm-np.

[098] Preparative Example 8 (PE-8): Preparation of C H2=C H C4 F ₈ C H2C H2 S i C 13. VC4ETCS.

[099] To a 600 mL stirred reactor, available from Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL, USA, was charged 500 g (1.1 mol) of IC ₄ F ₈ I, 17 g (0.07 mol) of t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate stirred and heated to 60 °C. Ethylene was charged to 20 psig (139 kPa) over 1 h adding 28 g (1 mol) of ethylene. The reactor was cooled to 25 °C and 518 g mixture containing 16 mol % of IC2H4C4F8C2H4I was isolated. The product of five runs was combined. Distillation gave 510 g pot bottoms having a boiling point greater than 100 °C at 7 Torr as mostly I C 2 H 4 C 4 F ^ C 2 H 41. To a 2 L 3-neck, round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple and condenser 510 g (1.0 mol) of IC2H4C4F8C2H4I, 500 g methanol was charged and stirred. A charge of 540 g, (2.5 mol) of sodium methoxide as a 25 wt% solution was added over 1 h at 36 °C. The mixture was allowed to reflux at 65 °C for 1 h and distilled over into a receiver containing water to isolate 8 lg (0.31 mol) of C H2=C H C4 F ^ C H=C H 2. In a pressure glass tube containing a magnetic stir bar was charged 81 g (0.32 mol) C H2=C H C4 F ^ C H=C H 2 and 14 g (0.10 mol) trichlorosilane, ten drops of Platinum divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane complex was added sealed and heated to 125 °C for 3 h. The solution was vacuum stripped to first remove excess divinyl

octafluorobutane isolated 25g (0.06 mol) of C H2=C H C4 F ^ C H2C H2 S i C 13 having a boiling point of 88 °C at 6 Torr for a 62% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[0100] Preparative Example 9 (PE-9): Preparation of C H 2 = C H C 4 F ^ CH 2 C H 2 S i ( O CH 3 ) 3. VC4ETMS

[0101] To a 250 mL 3 -neck, round bottom flask containing a magnetic stir bar, thermocouple and condenser was charged 12 g methanol. The methanol was stirred and 25g (0.06 mol) of compound prepared as described for PE-8 was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at 30 °C for 15 min and vacuum distillation isolated 19.3g (0.05 mol) of C H 2 = C H C 4 F ^ CH 2 C H 2 S i ( O CH 3 ) 3 having a boiling point of 66 °C at 2 Torr for an 80% yield. NMR confirmed the compound.

[0102] Preparative Example 10 (PE- 10): Preparation of vinyl functional fluorinated silica nanoparticle, VC4E- 20nm-np

[0103] In a 3-neck, 1 L round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a water cooled condenser was added 500 g Nalco 2329K (41.06%) silica. 7.94 g of V4ETMS prepared as described for PE-9 and 500 g isopropanol were combined and added to the Nalco while stirring. The reaction mixture was transferred to an evaporation dish and dried at 120 °C to yield 200 g of vinyl functional fluorinated silica nanoparticles, VC4E-75nm-np.

[0104] Preparative Example 11 (PE- 11)

[0105] 500 g Nalco 2329k silica sol (40.99% solids) was placed in a 2 L three-neck round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a reflux condenser. In a 500 mL beaker, 2.52 g vinyltrimethoxysilane was combined with 250 g l-methoxy-2 -propanol. This mixture was added to the stirred silica sol. Another 250 g l-methoxy-2 -propanol was added to the 500 mL beaker and then this was added to the stirred reaction. The flask was placed in an oil bath and the oil bath was heated to 80 °C for 15 h. After 15 h, the reaction mixture was poured into a glass evaporating dish and the dish was placed in a 150 °C oven. The mixture was heated until dried. The dried nanoparticles were used without additional purification.

[0106] Preparative Example 12 (PE- 12) [0107] l l l4.2g Nalco 2329k (41.06% solids, 75nm silica particles) and l8.99g A-1230 was placed in a three- neck flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and a reflux condenser. The flask containing the mixture was heated with stirring to 50 °C and held at that temperature overnight. The produced sol was cooled to room temperature and used without further purification.

[0108] Examples 1 through 4 (EX-l through EX-4) and Comparative Examples 1 through 3 (CE-l through CE-

3):

[0109] For EX-l through EX-4 and CE-3, 200 g polymer batches were compounded with the amounts of

materials as listed in Table 2 on a two-roll mill, with Co-agent as indicated in Table 2. For CE-l and CE- 2, the procedure described for EX-l was followed, but with the exception that no Second Co-agent was used. Samples were tested for cure rheology, tensile strength, Tear C, and compression set according to the procedures described above. The results are presented in Tables 2 through 7.

[0110] Table 2. Compound formulation

[0111] Table 3. Cure Rheology Results

[0112] Table 4. Tensile Strength at Room Temperature after 4 h cure at 232 °C (450 °F)

[0113] Table 5. Tensile Strength At 200 °C

[0114] Table 6. Tear C

[0115] Table 7. Compression Set, post cure, 70 h at 200 °C

[0116] Table 8. Compound formulation

[0117] Table 9. Cure Rheology Results

[0118] Table 10. Tensile Strength at Room Temperature after 4 h cure at 232 °C (450 °F)

[0119] Table 11. Compression Set, post cure, 70 h at 200 °C

Articles

[0120] Disclosed compositions may be used in articles, such as a hose, a seal (e.g., a gasket, an o-ring, a packer element, a blow-out preventor, a valve, etc.), a stator, or a sheet. These compositions may or may not be post cured.

[0121] Thus, embodiments of compositions including functional fluorinated silane compounds, partially

fluorinated copolymers and nanoparticles are disclosed. The implementations described above and other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure can be practiced with embodiments other than those disclosed. The disclosed embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and not limitation.