FOOTWEAR BINDING SYSTEM FOR SKIS, SNOWSHOES,

SNOWBOARDS, AND SPLIT-BOARDS CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Number 60/989,565 entitled "FOOTWEAR BINDING SYSTEM FOR SKIS, SNOWSHOES, SNOWBOARDS, AND SPLIT BOARDS" and filed on November 21, 2007 for Lane A. Ekberg, to United States Provisional Patent Application Number 60/989,572 entitled "FOOTWEAR BINDING SYSTEM FOR SKIS, SNOWSHOES, SNOWBOARDS, AND SPLIT BOARDS" and filed on November 21, 2007 for Lane A. Ekberg, and to United States Provisional Patent Application Number 60/989,575 entitled "FOOTWEAR BINDING SYSTEM FOR SKIS, SNOWSHOES, SNOWBOARDS, AND SPLIT BOARDS" and filed on November 21, 2007 for Lane A. Ekberg, which are all incorporated into this document by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of devices that traverse over snow, ice, in colder climates of the earth in a climbing or sliding fashion. Embodiments of the invention are directed to foot retention devices otherwise known in the field as bindings, and more particularly to pivotal binding systems.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Bindings are well known for retaining particular footwear to particular devices configured for traversing over snow and ice covered terrain. Specialized boots are used for different applications and with different devices. The bindings need to securely couple the boot to the device and enable release when the user wants to remove the boot from the device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Snowshoes, skis, split-boards and snowboards in general have a binding plate or mounting plate which may or may not include straps mounted to the front portion of the mounting plate to secure footwear and straps mounted to the rear of the footwear mounting plate. The straps have buckles for adjusting to different boot sizes within the binding. Skis also have a mounting plate for AT boots or hard shell boots. Some manufacturers have binding configurations to accept soft shelled boots. In other instances strapless systems are used usually for a hands free step-in type engagement of the boot to the device. A snowshoe boot, for example, is available with a rigid metal or composite rod placed within the sole of the footwear in which the rod interacts with mounting means on the snowshoe. These systems are expensive to manufacture.

With regard to removably coupled bindings with toe cleats from a snowshoe, the prior art discloses cumbersome mechanisms that include a lot of hardware. In the current state of the art snowshoes, approach style skis, and split-boards are all limited by cumbersome binding systems, which have complex hardware, a multitude of parts, and straps or interfaces that take up space. This hardware is heavy and takes a lot of time to manipulate. Additionally, the straps must be customized to fit different shoe sizes and bigger boots such as snowboard boots. Overall, the straps are also hard to accommodate adjust and place properly.

In one related aspect it is noted that current folding ski systems have a complex binding arrangement that is heavy and takes up a large amount of space. Thus, these bindings are difficult to carry and stow when they are not in use. These bindings also get in the way of folding the such skis.

Most snowshoes have front and rear straps to secure the footwear on a foot bearing pad which pivots about an axis. Recently snowshoe binding designs have appeared utilizing just a single strap in combination with a mounting plate or foot bed to which the straps are mounted. Most of these bindings do not have quick-release features.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

There is a need in the art to provide a binding that is universal in that it can be used on snowshoe, ski, snowboard, and/or split-board systems. The universal binding needs to be compatible with a plurality of these systems and the devices included in these systems. Furthermore, the universal binding needs to accept soft shelled boots and/or hard shelled boots. There is also a need for a binding that is very compact, lightweight and very easy to use. The binding also needs to have a reasonably low cost to manufacture. Additionally, there is a need for a binding that is very sturdy and strong but remains lightweight and that can still be utilized on a variety of devices including a split-board, snowboard, ski, and/or snowshoe. The universal binding also needs to include pivotal "free heel" capabilities.

Backcountry enthusiasts including snowshoe or split-board using snowboarders who enjoy accessing the back country to ascend up an incline have been limited by conventional systems because of packability, complexity, weight, and a performance deficiencies. Most snowshoes are hard to pack, cannot ski, and are generally expensive for when considering the limited benefit they render. Snowshoes normally are also equipped with heavy, hardware laden cumbersome bindings and multiple straps that require time, consuming customization, and do not hold snowboard boots very effectively. Split-boards on the other hand offer even more challenges with regard to weight, expense, required conversion kits, and complicated unreliable

gear associated with them. Conventional split-board systems have many straps, heavy step-in bindings, too many mounting plates, and are too heavy.

Snowmobile enthusiasts are faced with stowability issues when confronted with the question of whether to carry potentially life-saving snowshoes or skis. Thus, compact, lightweight, collapsible skis or snowshoes are needed. A need also exists for a snowmobile boot that has the ability to attach to a ski and/or snowshoe in case of a stalled snowmobile.

The present invention has been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems and needs in the art set forth above that have not been fully solved by current available binding systems on snowshoes, skis, spit-boards, and snowboards. Accordingly, the present invention has been developed to provide an apparatus, system, and method for overcoming the short comings of the art. As such, embodiments of the invention include a universal binding that attaches footwear to snowshoes, skis, snowboards, and/or split-boards with the use of a single strap. A detachable mounting axle fits in a generally transverse groove in the sole of footwear or on a recess included in the structure of the sole making possible a walking motion. Additionally, the binding system may include a mechanism for coupling a traction to the binding and associated footwear.

In one embodiment the binding may be a horizontal clamp on the front half of the footwear placing pressure on the sole of the footwear and the top of the footwear insuring that the footwear is unable to slide off a mounting pin with the use of just one strap, though more than one strap could be used. Furthermore, the binding may be configured to engage one or more generally transverse groove positions located on the footwear thus allowing the footwear to pivot on a device such as a ski or snowshoe. Alternatively, the binding may be placed in a second position on the footwear in which the binding cannot pivot when coupled to a device such as a snowboard or ski. The binding is able to perform all of the above utility without the use of complex strap systems, interfaces, binding plates, parts, etc. These advantages overcome many or all of the above-discussed shortcomings in the art.

Embodiments of this invention thus relate to pivotal binding systems used on snowshoe systems, ski systems, split-board systems, cross-country ski systems and snowboard systems. The binding system, being very versatile, may be used on skis, snowshoes, snowboards, and split-boards and allows boots used for the military, hiking, snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowboarding to mount to a ski or snowshoe with the system. When the boot is mounted to the system it has the selective ability to pivot, thus allowing a walking motion. Additionally, the system may use a locked non-pivot binding position by simply moving the pivotal axis to a region under the center region of the footwear in which the pivot is stopped. The binding system

enables a single boot to cross over into several demographics of winter recreation. For example, a snowboard boot using the system would also be equipped to mount to a ski or snowshoe, using only one binding system yet may still fit comfortably in any soft strap snowboard binding. Additionally, a boot configured for the military, snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, or hiking, may also mount easily to a separate ski or snowshoe or split-board using the universal binding, thus one boot and one binding may accomplish many things.

In one embodiment the device may include footwear, namely a boot with a transverse recess or groove on the underside terrain facing portion of the boot sole in which a pivot axle may be removably coupled in a horizontal clamp fashion or from the front half portion of the boot forming a transverse support rod in a recess in the boot sole. In a further embodiment at least one strap can be used in tandem with the pivot axle. The strap is connected on the sides of the pivot axle. The boot wearer places the sole of the boot over the axle and presses the sole down over the axle so that the axle is partially if not fully recessed in the boot sole. Additionally, a strap which may be connected to the axle is secured over the top arch region of the boot and the strap applies constant downward force to the footwear pressing the footwear sole onto the axle so that the footwear will not slip off the axle. Thus securing the boot to the snowshoe, snowboard, split-board or ski in a position to allow the users foot to move in a walking motion while secured to the binding.

This binding system may be used on any winter device that glides over snow or climbs over snow from the group consisting of snowshoes, skis, folding skis, snowboards, split boards, and snowshoe ski hybrid devices. It may also be used with water sport devices such as wakeboards and water skis to secure the user to those devices. It is noted that other sport devices may utilize this binding apparatus to secure footwear.

In one embodiment the binding consisting of an axle having at least one strap connected to the side portions of the axle and the strap and axle are able to lock and unlock from their position on each other so that the binding can be moved or removed or removable traction can be secured. Additionally, articulating traction can be removably coupled to the binding axle in the area on the binding located under the boot of the user when the binding is locked to a snowshoe or ski system.

In one embodiment, the binding, when detached from a device may be mounted separately to footwear with a separate traction device. Thus, it becomes a crampon when coupled only with the footwear.

In most prior art consumer available, snowshoes, skis, snowboards, split-boards, and step- in systems have always had a mounting plate or additional binding plate of some sort under a

portion of the footwear. This system is one of the only bindings in the world that in one embodiment, may "only" use the axle axis and traction for the pivoting footwear to rest on and mount when pivoting, thus eliminating weight, cost, and complexity.

It is noted that the binding system may also use a mounting plate, axle, and strap to secure the footwear. The mounting plate in some instances would be used to further support the axle and give more surface area for the footwear to rest on. Additionally or alternatively, the footwear in one embodiment may rest on the axle and a surface of the device or snowshoe surface at the same time. In another embodiment the recessed groove located in the boot mounts to a feature or element found on a foot base or mounting plate.

The binding is configured to function like a circular trap engaging the top and bottom of the front half of footwear almost like a mouth holding an object with two distinct features clamping over the top and bottom surface of the footwear. The recess under the footwear has been modified to match and mate to the axle so that they fit together to aid in retaining the footwear in a "non-slip" walking pivot position. Because the axle axis is recessed relative to the boot from the underside of the sole, the binding is able to be used on a ski. because of the narrow width of the assembly not found on previous sole engaging axis bindings found on some snowshoe manufacture designs in the prior art. Other problems in the prior art are multiple pins that engage each side of footwear that require complicated hardware that is not applicable to fit on skis and the footwear that use such bindings have a complicated manufacturing process to place an insert usually of metal in the sole with hallows on the lateral edges of the insert extending to the side of the footwear. Lastly these type bindings lack quick release cleats that can be used with the footwear when the footwear is released .

In another embodiment the footwear may be manufactured to accommodate the strap in a way to block the strap. This is done by a projection on a strap portion of the footwear, which inhibits the strap from sliding off the front portion of the footwear. This may alternatively or additionally be done by a recess on the top side of the footwear that inhibits the strap from moving once it is secured over the footwear. Through a simple manufacturing process the recess and/or projection can be placed on the footwear to help further secure the two strap portions to the footwear even when the binding is removed from a device. In this way, the binding axle and straps are secured to the user via the footwear whether the footwear is mounted to a device or not.

In a further embodiment the system does not need to be secured by a recess in the sole for which the axle is placed as explained in the previous embodiment. However, a feature such as a recess may be applied to the top portion of the footwear for which the strap is secured preventing

the strap from forward or backward movement on the footwear top portion and also keeping the footwear from sliding off its mounted position. In one embodiment, there is both the recess or groove on the sole of the footwear in which the axle is to be placed, and a mating feature such as a recess on the top portion of the footwear for receiving the strap to provide a strong securing effect for binding footwear to a riding device.

This binding system can be used on a split-board by placing rail hard wear onto the spit- board. The rails set in two positions. The first position is a ski position and allows the front half of the boot to pivot when in free heel mode. The second position is a snowboard position prevents the boot from pivoting thus maintaining a snowboard stance. The binding axle is also releasably coupled and may accept releasable coupled traction. Additionally, the snowboard mode binding assembly fits on a single touring ski and is easily removed forming a boot crampon system.

Another embodiment of the present invention is an axle that the footwear is able to mount on may be releasably coupled to the snowshoe, ski, split-board, or snowboard. This is done by a swivel or "drop nose pin" on at least one end of the binding axle. When the swivel is open the axle looks like a straight line. When the swivel is closed the axle forms a "T' shape aiding in locking the axle to any given device mentioned previously. Additionally, the axle side opposite the swivel includes a spring and strap mounting implements. The spring provides pressure that pushes the swivel side of the axle against the device aforementioned.

A further embodiment includes releasable mechanism found on the riding devices from a group consisting of a snowshoe, ski, snowboard, and split-board wherein the universal binding can vertically quick-release and vertically couple to any of the previously mentioned devices.

In a simple form an apparatus for coupling footwear with a riding device in accordance with embodiments of the invention includes a riding device that has an area configured for receiving footwear. The apparatus also includes interacting mating elements on both of the footwear and the area of the device to inhibit the footwear from separating from the area. The interacting mating elements pivotally couple the footwear to the device in at least one configuration. The apparatus also includes at least one strap coupled to the device and positioned to hold the footwear to the device.

The apparatus also has a binding with at least one of the interacting mating elements. The binding is separable from the device and the at least one interacting mating element engages the interacting mating elements on a sole of the footwear. In one case, the at least one interacting mating element includes an axle. The axle includes a swivel pin to lock and unlock the axle from a device. In another embodiment, the interacting mating element includes a groove extending

transversely to a line between a toe portion and a heel portion of a sole of the footwear. In another embodiment, the interacting mating elements on the device include an axle coupled to the device. The axle may be received in and the groove such that the footwear is pivotable relative to the device when the footwear is coupled to the device. In another embodiment, the device includes at least one of the devices from among a snowshoe, ski, snowboard, touring snowboard, split-board, telemark ski, touring ski, and cross-country ski. In another embodiment, a quick-release and quick- attach traction is removably attached to at least one of the footwear and a binding. In another embodiment, the interacting mating element on the device is on at least one of a mounting plate, traction device, and a base that is coupled to the device. The interacting mating element supported on or coupled to the device may engage a groove in a sole of the footwear. In other embodiments, at least one interacting mating element on the footwear is located between a toe portion and a widest portion of a sole of the footwear.

In one embodiment, the riding device is configured to traverse over water. In some embodiments, the footwear has a plurality of interacting mating features that provide at least a snowshoe attachment location and a ski attachment location. In other embodiments, the interacting mating element includes an axle extending transverse to a line between a toe and a heel of the footwear when the footwear is coupled to the device. In other embodiments, the interacting mating elements include a groove on a base. In this case, the base may be a mounting plate, traction device, base element, or footwear, for example. In some embodiments, the footwear has at least one groove that makes up at least part of its interacting mating elements. The at least one groove enables the footwear to operate in at least one of a free heel configuration and a locked, non- articulating configuration. In some embodiments, the interacting mating elements and the at least one strap enable the footwear to be converted from a non-articulating configuration to a walking motion configuration.

In another simple form, an apparatus for traversing over snow and ice covered terrain includes a riding device for riding over at least one of snow, ice and water. In this embodiment, the apparatus includes footwear releasably and reconfigurably coupled to the device. The footwear is coupled to the device in at least one first configuration wherein a footwear binding is coupled to the footwear at a first position on the footwear. This enables the footwear to move in a walking motion relative to the device. The footwear is coupled to the device in at least one second configuration wherein a footwear binding is coupled to the footwear at a second position on the footwear. The second configuration inhibits articulation of the footwear relative to the device. In one embodiment, the device is a ski and the first configuration referred to above is selected. In this case, the first position includes a transverse pivoting position in a toe region of

the footwear. In another embodiment, the device is a touring snowboard and the second configuration referred to above is selected. In this configuration, the second position includes a region rearwardly of a toe region and under a foot of a user. Coupling in the second position inhibits the articulation of the walking motion of the footwear relative to the device. The apparatus may further include a binding releasably coupling the footwear to the device. In this embodiment, the binding may support a quick-attach and quick-release traction.

In another simple form, a binding that retains footwear to a riding device includes a footwear base configured to be coupled to a riding device. The binding also includes at least one strap coupled to the footwear base. In this simple form, at least a portion of the binding is configured to engage the footwear. Also, the portion of the binding that engages the footwear is capable of 360 degree rotation around a rotational axis of the footwear base when the footwear is not coupled to the binding. In one embodiment, the device is at least one of a snowshoe and a ski, and the binding is coupled to the device. In another embodiment, the binding has a traction supported thereon and the portion is rotated approximately 180 degrees. Thus, teeth of the traction point upward away from a terrain engaging surface of the device.

In another simple form, embodiments of the invention are directed to a riding device for traversing over snow, ice and water. The riding device in this simple form includes footwear pivotally supported on the riding device by a pivot axle that is transverse to a line between a toe and a heel of the footwear. The riding device also has a suspension coupled to the device. The suspension is configured to exert force on the footwear. The suspension may include a spring system mounted to the device in a region under the footwear that applies constant force when the footwear is generally parallel with the device. The spring system exerts a constant force that urges a portion of the device behind a transverse pivot axle in a downward direction and/or motion. This may be applied to any of a variety of devices including, but not limited to a snowshoe and a ski.

In another simple form, a device is a touring snowboard that has a universal binding. The touring snowboard include at least a first and a second touring ski section that are configurable into a touring snowboard and ascension skis. At least one universal footwear binding is coupled to the touring snowboard to selectively hold the footwear to the first and second sections in a joined configuration to form the touring snowboard. In this embodiment, the footwear binding does not extend between the first and second touring ski sections. On the other hand, the footwear may be coupled to each of the first and second sections by a plurality of universal footwear bindings when the snowboard is converted into a separated configuration in which the

first and second sections form first and second ascension skis. Thus, the footwear mounts to the first and second ascension skis, respectively, in this configuration.

In one embodiment, the first ascension ski the second ascension ski each have at least one respective plate mount in spaced relation to the universal bindings. The first and second ascension skis are joined together by at least one sliding plate coupling the respective plate mounts. In another embodiment, the first and second ascension skis are joined at respective front tips and respective rear tips of the ascension skis by releasable coupling mechanisms. In another embodiment of the touring snowboard device, there is rear footwear engaging structure mounted to at least one of the touring ski sections. The rear footwear engaging structure may include a riser in the form of an elevated structure configured to receive a rear portion of footwear. The rear footwear structure may also include an upstanding wall with a through opening for receiving a shank extending from a heel of the footwear. In another embodiment, at least one of the universal bindings can be removed and attached to at least one of a boot and a traction to form a separate climbing tool.

In still another simple form, a footwear binding system for coupling footwear to a riding device includes at least one strap, at least one axle, and footwear with a recess in its exterior. At least a portion of the strap fits into the recess so that the strap will not move in a forward or backward direction on the exterior of the footwear. In one embodiment, at least one strap includes only one strap coupling the footwear to a riding device. In another embodiment, the footwear binging system includes a plurality of straps for coupling the footwear to a device. In one embodiment, there is at least one groove in the footwear in addition to the recess in the exterior of the footwear.

Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

Furthermore, the described features, and advantages, and characteristics of the invention may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments. Embodiments of the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features or advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the invention.

These features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of the invention as set forth herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the advantage of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of embodiments of the invention briefly described above follows, in which reference is made to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. The drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not to be considered to be limiting of its scope.

Figure 1 is a side perspective view illustrating a universal, positionable, quick-release pivot binding for footwear and including a quick- attaching traction supported on the quick- release binding for use on a snowshoe or as a separate climbing cleat.

Figure 2 is a bottom perspective view of footwear and a binding coupled to the footwear illustrating the binding mounted in a recess located in a ski attaching position on the footwear.

Figure 3 is a side perspective view of footwear illustrating footwear equipped with binding mounts at locations appropriate for snowshoeing, free heel skiing, locked heel skiing, and split-boarding in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a top perspective view of a snowshoe equipped with a footwear binding system including a binding axle and a releasably coupled traction in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figures 5A-5C are a perspective views illustrating the binding system and an optional spring suspension mounted on a ski and a snowshoe, and showings embodiments of optional tractions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figures 5D-5E are perspective views of the binding as a universal binding configured to allow 360 degree rotation within its mounting position and allowing the entire binding to fit within an opening.

Figure 6 is a side view illustrating a collapsible ski having the binding system of Figures 1-2, 4-5B, and 5D-5E and being capable of being folded or collapsed compactly with the binding system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figures 7A-7B are side and perspective views of the ski and a binding system capable of being coupled to the ski.

Figures 8A-8D are bottom perspective and side views illustrating embodiment illustrating footwear with a snowshoe position having a recess for straps and a "free heel" ski position for engagement by a strap of binding system.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic perspective view illustrating coupling footwear to a ski in a pivot lock mode in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a snowshoe with the binding system in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a binding axle system in an unlocked and uncoupled condition in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a perspective view of a mounting plate supported on an axle together with a strap of the binding system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 13A-13D are side and partial perspective views showing a variety of securing mechanisms for securing axles of the binding systems to a device.

Figures 14A and 14B are diagrammatic perspective views of kits including an assembled split-board in a snowboard configuration including a positional foot retention binding that does not overlap a seam delineating two touring skis and a knocked down configuration having the two touring skis decoupled from each other, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 15A-15B are perspective views illustrating a ski having a central axle support, universal binding, and mounting rails.

Figure 16 is a schematic view illustrating the ease of transfer of footwear including a snowboard boot between various devices including snowboards and skis in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics, of the invention may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments. The invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods components, and/or materials. In other instances, well known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or describe in detail to avoid obscuring aspects in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a front perspective view illustrating one embodiment of a universal footwear binding 1. The universal footwear binding 1 is very user-friendly that is easy to manufacture and easy to use. A binding axle 51 is secured at one end to a strap 4 by a swivel pin 67 shown in

Figure 1 in a locked position. The binding axle is secured at another end to the strap 4 by a coupling element that may take any form including a clip 68, cotter pin, or detent clevis pin, for example. The strap has two parts adjustably connected to each other by a ratchet buckle 26 such that the axle 51 and strap 4 with their respective elements make up the universal binding 1 its basic form. These components make it very easy to removably couple the universal binding 1 to a variety devices including winter recreation vehicles or over-the-snow riding devices such as snowshoes, skis, snowboards, split-boards or touring snowboards, touring skis, telemark skis, cross-country skis, etc. Riding devices include all of these over-the-snow riding devices and others. For example, the riding devices may include water skis, wake boards, river boards, and surf boards.

The swivel pin 67 removably couples one side of a strap 4 while a permanent coupling element 68 mounts the other side of the strap 4 to the axle 51. Alternatively, a second swivel pin 67 or other releasable coupling could also be used in place of element 68.

In order to release the axle 51 from the strap 4 or other structure to which it is coupled, the axle 51 is pushed in a lengthwise direction towards its end have the swivel pin 67. This force pushes the swivel pin 67 away from the strap 4 or other structure and frees up space between the swivel pin 67 and the strap 4 or other structure to thus enable the swivel pin 67 to be rotated and aligned with the axle 51. When the swivel pin 67 is aligned with the axle 51, one side of the strap 4 becomes unlocked and may be pushed off its mounting position on the axle 51. The axle 51 may be pushed out of its position to be fully removed from the strap 4 and other structure to which it may have been coupled.

A spring 66 may also be included on an outer end of the axle 51 to place pressure on side regions of the strap 4 or other structure to which the axle 51 is coupled relative to the binding 1 in order to draw the swivel 67 against the strap 4 or other structure. Alternatively or additionally, the spring 66 may be placed as shown in Figure 1 if the binding is coupled to a traction 8.

Figure 1 shows the universal binding 1 separated from a riding device such as a ski, snowshoe, or split-board with the removably coupled traction 8 mounted to the universal binding 1.

As may be appreciated, the binding 1 may be coupled to the traction 8 and a boot or other footwear. In any case, the spring 66 is placed to draw the swivel pin 67 into engagement in a transverse orientation relative to the axle 51 to inhibit inadvertent unlocking and separation of the strap 4 from the axle 51.

In one embodiment the universal footwear binding 1, may be used with footwear 20 that has means built into its sole 14 which allows the axle 51 to be mounted to the footwear sole 14.

Additionally the mounting areas within the sole 14 include structure that allows the footwear to articulate or pivot in a walking mode. In some instances however the footwear 20 may not be able to pivot due to the construction of the vehicle or device to which the universal footwear binding 1 is mounted. There may be at least a first position in which the footwear may move in a walking motion on the binding and device to which it is coupled. There alternatively or additionally be a second position in which the axle 51 may be quickly moved without the use of tools to an area rearward of the toe region or between the toe region and an arch region in which articulation and the walking motion of the footwear is inhibited.

In one embodiment, an axle 51b has one or more curves or corners. The curved axle 51b could be used in place of straight axle 51. Configuration of bindings and footwear that utilize curves in the axle 51b provides more surface area for the footwear to rest on. The footwear has at least one curved recess in the sole. The curved axis axle 5 Ib could be vertically, removably coupled from the snowshoe, ski, or split-board system.

Figure 2 is a bottom perspective view of footwear 20 with the universal footwear binding 1 mounted to the sole 14 of the footwear 20. Footwear 20 can easily be mounted to the universal binding 1 and traction 8. The tabs 11 of the traction 8 are configured to fit on an outside of the sole 14 or into recesses formed on the sides of the footwear 20. The cleat center lock 13 shown in Figure 1 allows the axle 51 to be retained in a mid portion of the traction 8. The tabs 11 have a hole through which the axle 51 extends to support the sides of the traction 8 on the universal binding 1.

As shown in Figure 2, the sole 14 has an axis recess 5 located in a ski position in a forward portion of the front half of the sole 14 of the footwear. This axis recess is transverse to a front to rear direction of the footwear. The footwear also has a second transverse axis recess 3 located in a snowshoe position in a rear portion of the front half of the sole 14 of the footwear. The snowshoe position also corresponds to a non-pivot position when it is utilized with skis. The ski position corresponds to pivotal movement in a touring ski motion about the axle 51 when it is coupled to the ski. The toe groove region or transverse axis recess 5 allows the footwear 20 to articulate or pivot at the toe on a ski so that the ski may be walked in a cross-country fashion or touring fashion. The snowshoe position groove 3 allows the footwear 20 to pivot on a snowshoe. When snowshoe position groove 3 is used on a ski the footwear 20 becomes unable to pivot or articulate. Furthermore, the snowshoe pivot groove 3 can also be utilized on a snowboard for locking the front portion of the footwear 20 to a split-board or snowboard. Thus, the footwear 20 is considered to be a snowboard boot or a universal boot that can be used on a variety of devices.

In this regard, it is to be understood that the footwear may be hard-shelled or soft-shelled boots or shoes.

Figure 2 also shows the spring 66. In one embodiment foam or material with shape memory could be used in place of or in addition to the spring 66 to apply one or more forces to push one or both sides of the strap 4 and/or the axle 5 lrelative to each other and/or relative to other structure. In one embodiment of the footwear sole 14 includes traction 8. Additionally, support slots 18 and/or 19 allow the traction 8 to fit at least partially into the support slots 18 and 19 when the traction is utilized with the binding 1 in these respective positions. Furthermore, traction support slot 18 also allows the footwear sole 14 to mount in a non-articulating configuration in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a side perspective view of the footwear 20 illustrating an articulating binding mounting mechanism including groove 5 built into the sole 14 of the footwear 20 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The snowshoe and non- articulating binding mechanism includes groove 3 and enables rotation of the footwear 20 about a coupled axle 51 when the footwear is coupled at certain positions on certain devices. The footwear 20 may be a hiking boot, military boot, snowboard boot, snowmobiling boot, or any boot that can be used to hold the foot of a human. Either or both of the snowshoe pivot groove 3 and the ski pivot groove 5 may be manufactured into the footwear 20. Laces 31 or any other mechanism(s) may be incorporated to close the footwear 20 and/or secure the foot of user in the footwear 20.

Figure 4 is a top perspective view illustrating a typical snowshoe 90 with the universal footwear binding 1 mounted to the snowshoe 90. The snowshoe 90 is configured to receive the universal binding 1. For example, in the embodiment of Figure 4, the snowshoe 90 has multiple axle mounting position axes 30 at which the universal binding 1 may be pivotally mounted. The axes 30 may be defined by through holes in a pair of upstanding flanges 33. The snowshoe 90 may also includes grooves 36 in which the swivel pin 67 may rest to inhibit the swivel 67 and associated axle 51 from rotating. The grooves 36 also serve to keep the swivel 67 out of the way, recessed into a side wall of the upstanding flanges 33.

In one embodiment the universal binding 1 fits entirely or at least partially in an open space between the two sides of the snowshoe. This enables the binding to rotate a 360 degrees about its transverse axis. Thus, the binding 1 and relatively small elements attached thereto can rotate through the snowshoe. However, when the footwear 20 is mounted to the universal binding 1 and the snowshoe 90, it is unable to rotate in a full circle because the heel or the arch of the footwear 20 is stopped by the snowshoe decking 52.

In use, the footwear 20 shown in Figure 3 has snowshoe pivot grooves 3 and 5, one of which may be vertically mounted to the axle 51. The strap 4 is then tightened around the boot 20 insuring that the snowshoe pivot groove 3, for example, stays flush against or engaged with the axle 51. The footwear 20 may also be quickly released from the snowshoe 90 and quickly coupled to other devices. In one embodiment the snowshoe decking 52 is riveted to the snowshoe frame 15 which may be tubular and formed of metal or plastic. Any or all forms of snowshoes may be configured to accept the universal binding 1 in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 5A and 5B show the binding 1 applied to different devices including a ski 80 and a snowshoe 90 in different configurations. Each of the ski 80 and snowshoe are shown with a spring-loaded heel suspension 199 disposed on an upper surface or decking 52. The spring- loaded suspension may include a springy material in the form of a spring 199 or a piece of foam that is mounted to the upper surface of the ski or decking 52. The spring-loaded suspension 199 provides shock absorption to the footwear and foot of a user. The spring-loaded suspension also facilitates moving more easily through deep powder by lifting the front tips of the ski 80 or snowshoe 90 as a user lifts his or her legs.

The spring-loaded suspension 199 may include a metal spring having a sleeve over the spring to keep out snow and water. Alternatively, the suspension 199 may be formed of foam with a fabric housing or sleeve surrounding the foam. The spring-loaded suspension 199 is compact for convenient, optional attachment to the upper surface of the ski 80 or decking 52 of the snowshoe 90 to provide forces between the device and the footwear in order to aid walking through snowy terrain.

Figure 5C is a perspective view depicting the traction 8 in a separated condition. This traction can optionally be incorporated or left off the binding system.

Figures 5D and 5E are top perspective views of snowshoes 90 having the universal binding 1 supported thereon in distinctly rotated positions. The positions shown are made possible because the universal binding 1 has the capability of rotating 360 degrees when mounted to the snowshoe device 90 without the footwear 20 mounted. As may be appreciated from this embodiment, the universal binding 1 forms the smallest footwear mounting system available. The rotatable aspect also allows the traction 8 to face an opposite (upward) direction, as shown in figure 5D, for storing and/or transporting the snowshoes. This universal binding and the application of moving it into a storage configuration by rotating the traction upwardly may be incorporated on any of a variety of snowshoes including a snowshoe ski hybrid device. The

traction teeth may be configured to avoid the boot sole if the traction is turned upward opposite the terrain.

Figures 5D and 5E show an embodiment of a snowshoe 90 with the universal binding 1 capable of rotating the traction 8 so that the traction points up ward. In an alternative embodiment (not shown) the traction teeth may be moved or retracted to form a flat surface that is at least generally parallel to a footwear sole 14 when the universal binding 1 is coupled to the footwear 20. In other words the downward bite on the cleats may optionally be changed to create a generally flat and parallel structure forming a mounting plate configuration, or flat portions of a crampon cleat itself. As shown in Figures 5D and 5E, the universal binding 1 is configured to fit within an opening of the snowshoe deck 52 or platform.

Now referring more generally to the embodiments of Figures 1-5E, the universal binding 1 can be removably coupled to the snowshoe 90, the ski 80, or any of a variety of other devices. If the axle 51 of the universal binding 1 has a traction 8 supported thereon, then it generally is removed before the binding 1 is mounted to the ski 80. However, some traction configurations may also be utilized on the ski 80 together with the universal binding 1. The universal binding 1 can be moved into alignment with axes formed by through holes in the upright flanges 33 on the snowshoes 90 or by the through holes 17 in the upwardly extending flanges on the skis 80. The axle 51 may be supported and secured in oppositely facing through holes. Thus, the position of the mounting region on the footwear can be adjusted along the device itself. Thus, if the axle 51 is disposed in the toe pivot groove 5, then axle 51 and the corresponding region on the footwear is aligned and secured in a desired position or axis on the selected device. Alternatively, in order to lock the footwear 20 when the axle 51 is in the snowshoe pivot groove 3, for example, the axle 51 may be aligned and secured to the ski 80 via the though holes that form axes 17. In one embodiment the ski 80 and snowshoe 90 have one pivot axis. In another embodiment the pivot is permanently connected with the device, and therefore is not detachable from the snowshoe 90 or ski 80 device. However, it would be advantageous to use the universal binding because if its versatility. For this purpose, a snowshoe binding mount 76 is shown secured to both sides of the snowshoe 90. Other snowshoe configurations could also accept the snowshoe binding mount 76 in order to receive the universal binding 1.

Figure 6 is a side view illustrating a collapsible or folding ski 70 having the universal binding 1 coupled in one of a pair of through openings forming axes in upright flanges 73 (only one of which is shown). A swivel groove 25 similar to swivel groove 36 of Figure 4 receives the swivel pin 67. Thus, the swivel pin 67 can seat in the recess on an outwardly facing sidewall of the flange 73 of the collapsible ski 70. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 6, the collapsible

ski 70 has at least two collapsible or foldable portions and at least a single strap 4 located on the axle 51. As shown, the universal binding 1 provides a binding system that can move sufficiently to allow the ski to collapse and/or fold with its sections in a light compact space.

Figures 7A and 7B are respective side and perspective views of the ski 80 and the universal binding 1 shown in Figure 5 A. In these views, the axle 51 and the binding 1 overall have been separated from the ski 80. The side view of Figure 7A clearly shows the through openings forming axes 17 on which the binding 1 is adjustably mounted. Also, clearly shown are the swivel grooves 25 that form seats to receive the swivel pin of the axle 51.

Figures 8A is a bottom perspective view of the footwear 20 with side recesses 6 configured to receive tabs 11 of the traction 8 shown in Figure 1. In another embodiment shown in Figure 8B, the boot 20 does not include recesses 6 in the sides. Also, the footwear 20 of Figure 3 shows the snowshoe groove 3 and does not include the ski groove 5, as does Figure 8 A. However, it is to be understood that the footwear 20 may include one or more groove 3, 5.

Figures 8A and 8B show a bottom perspective view and a side view of the footwear in which in a further embodiment of the footwear 20 includes a top and/or side strap recess 34 on a top and/or side portion of the footwear 20. As shown, the strap recess may be located in a front portion of the footwear 20, somewhere in one or both of the toe and arch region of the footwear. Thus, the strap recess 34 is configured for receiving the strap 4 and inhibiting the strap 4 from moving forward and/or rotating off the top of the footwear 20. In a further embodiment shown in Figures 8C and 8D, the footwear may additionally or alternatively include a ridge or knob 33 to hold the strap 4 in a generally fixed position inhibiting movement of the strap over a front end and off of the footwear 20. It is to be understood that the ridge or knob 33 may be better adapted for placement of the strap when the footwear 20 is utilized in a tour skiing application, for example, with the footwear 20 rotatably coupled at the ski groove 5. However, the ridge or knob 33 can also be incorporated in place of or in addition to the top recess 34. Furthermore, although Figure 8D only shows the coupling mechanism in the form of the ski groove 5, the footwear 20 may include one or more grooves or other coupling structure in any location on the sole 14 of the footwear 20.

Figure 9-10 are schematic perspective views illustrating the footwear 20 utilizing the universal binding 1 alternatively mounted to a ski 80 and a snowshoe 90. The universal binding and traction 100 is also shown separately with the footwear 20 coupled to it. The footwear and traction 100 are usable in this separated state for climbing, for example. Arrow 101 indicates that the footwear and universal traction 100 can be coupled as a unit to the ski 80 or another device. For example, the universal traction 100 is shown coupled to the snowshoe 90 in Figure

10. The universal binding 1 may be used on the ski 80 without the traction 8 or with another traction that is configured for use with the ski 80. As described above, upright flanges 33 or a rail system including rails 47 have through holes forming transverse axes 17 and supporting the axle 51 of the universal binding 1 and/or the universal traction binding 100 on the axes 17. Thus, the universal binding 1 and/or universal traction binding 100 may be supported on any of a variety of devices.

Figure 11 is a front perspective view illustrating the universal binding 1 with the swivel pin 67 in the unlocked position and a strap hole 77 of the strap 4 removed from off an end of the axle 51. In one embodiment, a strap stop 9 inhibits the strap 4 from inadvertently separating into two separate strap portions. That is, the strap stop 9 inhibits the strap 4 from backing out of the buckle 26 once it has been pushed through the buckle 26. On the other hand, by manipulation of the strap stop 9 to move it through the ratchet buckle 26, the strap 4 can be separated into two portions. The strap stop 9 may be a protrusion that is formed integrally with or added to the strap 4 in the form of a screw, bolt, clip, or other removably coupled projection. The ratchet buckle 26 acts to adjustably bring the toe strap 4 portions together or to aid in their separation. The ratchet buckle 26 also enables tightening of the strap once the universal binding 1 including the strap 4 have been positioned on footwear 20. Other strap configurations having one or more portions may alternatively be used.

Figure 12 is a top perspective view of the universal binding 1 together with a mounting plate 62 that may pivot on the transverse axis created by the axle 51 and the through openings in which the axle 51 is supported. Included in the mounting plate 62 are recess mating elements 81 and 82 that may rest in grooves or recesses 3 and 5 in the sole 14 of embodiments of the footwear 20 like those shown in Figure 2-3 and 8A and 8C. At least one mating recess element may be used on the mounting plate on which the footwear 20 may rest. The footwear 20 has at least one groove located in the sole in which the axle 51 or a recess mating element 81/82 can mount. The mounting plate 62 may also include an integral traction or a separate traction supported on a bottom surface of the mounting plate 62 to engage snow and ice. In one embodiment, the mounting plate 62 can be combined with the traction 8 on the mounting plate 62 to aid in climbing over ice and snow covered terrain. The strap 4 applies pressure on a top side of the footwear 20 and urging the sole recesses 3 and 5 to remain engaged with the recess mating elements 81, 82. It is to be understood that the universal footwear binding 1 can be placed into the mounting plate 62 in order to further support the footwear sole 14 beyond that which the axle 51 by itself is capable. As shown in dashed lines, the foot plate 62 may alternatively have an

axle through hole 84 at an end edge. This through hole may be on an upper surface or a lower surface.

Figures 13A-13D are side and partial perspective views showing a variety of securing mechanisms for securing axles 51 of the universal binding 1 to a device. The securing mechanisms can be mounted on any of a variety of devices such that coupling the universal binding 1 to the securing mechanisms results in securing the universal binding 1 and any footwear attached thereto to the devices. As such, the securing mechanisms are universal mounting plates. Figure 13A illustrates a releasable securing mechanism 97 including a hinged door or cover 98 that opens and closes at least one pivot area 114, 116 configured to receive an axle 51. It is to be understood that the cover 98 can be locked in the closed position in order to retain the axle 51 in at least one of the pivot areas. Figure 13B shows an alternative embodiment of a releasable securing mechanism 104 illustrating sliding door that is in a closed position blocking and inhibiting release of the binding axle 51 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cover 98 is slidably and lockably supported on a base of the releasable securing mechanism 104. Figure 13C illustrates the cover 98 of the embodiment of Figure 13B in an open releasing position in which the binding axle 51 can be either inserted or removed in a generally vertical direction, as indicated by arrow 107. Figure 13D shows a releasable securing mechanism 110 having upstanding flanges or rails 112 with mounting through holes 17 therein for releasably receiving the binding axle 51 similar to flanges and rails 33 and 47 described herein. In this embodiment, the axle 51 is horizontally mounted in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The diagrammatic side views of Figures 13A-13D show how the axle 51 of the universal binding 1 can be mounted vertically or horizontally on a device from the group that includes a ski, snowshoe, and snowshoe. The illustrated securing mechanisms facilitate release of the axles 51 and any associated bindings 1/100 and footwear 20. It is to be understood that a binding system including more than the axle 51 may be removably coupled and/or released from the devices.

Figure 13B shows the cover 98 in a closed position around axles 51 in both the snowshoe and the ski positions 114, 116. Figure 13D shows the universal mounting plate or releasable securing mechanism 110 horizontally oriented for mounting to a device. The device may be a device for moving over snow and ice covered terrain. Similarly, the universal mounting plates or securing mechanisms of Figure 13A-13D can also be mounted on any of a variety of many devices for moving over ice and snow covered terrain.

Figures 14A is a diagrammatic perspective view of a kit 250 including an assembled split-board 200 in a snowboard configuration including a positional foot retention binding 201

that does not overlap a seam 220 delineating two touring skis 235, 240. Figure 14B is a diagrammatic perspective view of another kit 255 showing a knocked-down configuration having the two touring skis 235, 240 decoupled from each other. Each kit 250 and 255 are shown with additional elements. However, it is to be understood that the kits may include as few as a single element or may include more elements than those shown in Figures 14 A and 14B. Furthermore, kits including one or more elements from the other illustrated embodiments are also considered to be within the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present invention.

Figures 14A and 14B are top perspective views illustrating a touring snowboard 200 in accordance with the present invention. The snowboard configuration shown in Figure 14A is configured to receive the universal binding 1 in coupled relation with the axle mount 201. The axle mount 201 can be selectively placed into a preferred position and orientation by way of a secondary binding mount 229 with its binding slots 230 on the secondary mounting plate 229. The secondary mounting plate 229 is mounted directly to the split-board to form the snowboard 200. A heel pad 221 provides a raised base on which a heel of a split-board boot 400 shown in Figure 14B may rest in the snowboard configuration. The split-board boot 400 mounts via the groove 3 to the axle 51 when the axle 51 is installed to the axle mount 201. The axle mount 201 can mount to the secondary mounting plate 229 and the secondary mounting plate 229 can mount to the split-board using mounting holes 210. A shank 259 supported on and extending from a heel of the footwear 400 extends into a through hole 261 in an upstanding wall 260 on the touring ski 235 and holds the heel in a fixed position when a front portion of the footwear 400 is coupled to the axle mount 201.

In one embodiment the split-board may include a plurality of slider plates 205 that slide onto plate mounts 206 in order to lock the touring skis 235, 240 (shown at 300 in Figure 14B) into the snowboard configuration of Figure 14A. Further locking mechanisms may include latches in a front tip of the snowboard 200 and a rear tip of the snowboard 200 for removably coupling the two touring skis 235, 240 together to create the snowboard 200. The latches may include a swivel lock 208 on one of the touring skis 235, 240 that connects to a locking pin 209 on the other of the touring skis 235, 240. Heel lift assemblies 203 may be mounted to the touring skis 235, 240 to help support the footwear 400 in various possible positions. The footwear 400 may be the same as the footwear 20 described with regard to the other embodiments. Alternatively, the footwear 400 may be especially adapted for snowboards and/or touring skis.

Touring ski mode 300 shown in Figure 14B can be achieved by simply moving the slider plates 205 into the open position and releasing the swivel locks 208 from the pins 209. The universal binding 1 is removed from the snowboard binding position located in the axle

mount 201. Once removed from the snowboard binding position, the universal binding 1 is placed in the touring binding mount 202. With the split-board boot 400 mounted via mounting structure or groove 5 in the toe of the boot, the boot 400 is in a free heel touring configuration. Climbing skins (not shown) can be used as traction when the touring snowboard is in the touring mode 300. Additionally the cleat traction 8 described herein with regard to other embodiments can also be used together with the universal binding 1 and the split-board boot 400 without limitation. It is to be understood that that when the split-board boot 400 coupled to the axle mount 201 via groove 3, the boot 400 is capable of little or no rotatation about the axle 51.

The footwear 400 shown in Figure 14B has mounting structure forming one or more binding coupling positions in its sole. The binding coupling positions may include a toe pivot mounting position that may include a ski groove 5, and a non-pivot snowboard mounting position that may include a snowboard groove 3, for example. Also shown in the kit of Figure 14B is the positional foot retention device or universal binding 1. In one embodiment, the split-board boot 400 contains the two recessed grooves 3, 5 into which the universal binding axle 51 is received. Coupling the binding axle 51 with the footwear 400 via the ski groove 5 enables the split-board boot 400 to pivot on the axle 51. On the other hand, coupling the binding axle 51 with the footwear 400 via the snowshoe groove 3 inhibits the boot 400 from pivoting or rotating about the axle 51.

In one embodiment the touring snowboard or split-board uses a binding that does not mount past the center seam 220 at which the touring skis 235, 240 join. In this embodiment, the boot 400 crosses a longitudinal centerline of the split-board corresponding to the seam 220 and rests on both skis 235, 240 in their coupled snowboard configuration. The coupling of the touring skis 235, 240 together may not require a heavy mounting plate, a snowboard binding, or many of the parts used on conventional touring snowboards. In one embodiment, the split-board boot 400 may include braces to inhibit flexing of the sole.

Figure 15A-15B are perspective views illustrating a ski 80 having a central axle support 48, a universal binding 1, and mounting rails 47. The central axle support 48 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is configured to support a center portion of the axle 51. The mounting rails 47 support the side portions of the axle 51. The footwear 20 has a support slot 19, as shown in Figure 2 to fit over the central axle support 48. Thus, the footwear 20 and axle 51 become very stable in their positions on a snowshoe 90 or ski 80, especially in a pivoting configuration. The universal binding 1 is shown mounted to the axle support 48 via coupling through holes 17 in the rails 47. The system of this embodiment is easily manufactured on a

snowshoe, ski, snowboard, and split-board to readily achieve the benefits of the universal binding 1 for any of these devices.

Figure 16 is a schematic view illustrating the ease of transfer of footwear 20 including a snowboard boot between various devices including snowboards 500 and skis 80 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The footwear 20 has structure including an upstanding flange or rail 47 having through holes 17 forming a mechanism for accommodating and securing the universal binding 1. The footwear 20 can be quickly attached and quickly released in a manner that enables a user to select a position and operating configuration for the footwear 20 and device. The selective and adjustable attachment options allow the boot to ride in a variety of bindings including, snowboard bindings 501 on a snowboard 500, snowshoe bindings, and other bindings without limitation. However, footwear 20 when coupled to the universal binding 1 may be attached to a large variety of devices and/or associated bindings including those used for winter sports. The universal aspect of the binding 1 thus reduces the amount of gear needed to participate in a wide variety of activities.

Figure 16 also shows an adjustable heel lift 97 including a movable bail 96 that can be raised and lowered to provide a greater or lesser height from an upper surface of the ski 80 at a location at which the heel of the footwear is supported. The heel lift 97 may also be used on a snowshoe 90 or any other device in order to selectively raise the heel of the footwear 20 when ascending inclines. This has the effect of reducing strain on the calf and Achilles regions of a user's legs, for example. The heel lift 97 may be substantially similar to the heel lift 203 shown in Figure 14A.

In one embodiment, a ski traction cleat (not shown) optionally mounts on an underside of the ski 80. The ski cleat has tabs with holes that line up with the mounting holes 17. Thus, the axle 51 may be inserted through the cleat tab holes and the mounting holes 17 to lock the cleat to the ski. One or more traction elements may be incorporated on the ski cleat. This embodiment may be a secondary traction mechanism when a climbing skin is not sufficient for a particular terrain, for example.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

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