| 1. | Device for displacement of an object (5) along a pre¬ determined distance relative to a frame or the like, wherein a first, longer part of the displacement movement requires a relatively minor force, while the other, shorter part of the displacement movement requires a substantially greater force, which device comprises an operating unit (9) connected to said object, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the device furthermore comprises a lever mechanism (13) operating between the frame (2) and a power transmission rod (7) being linearly guided (8) relative to the frame (2) and displaceable along said predetermined distance and at one of its end por¬ tions carries or stands in power transmitting contact with said object (5) , that said operating unit (9) is arranged substantially in parallel to the power transmission rod (7) and is connected to said one end portion (via 5) of the power transmission rod with one of its ends (12) and to the second end portion (28) of the transmission rod with its other end (10) by way of the lever mechanism (13) in such a way that the lever mechanism (13) is nonoperative (Fig. 2) during said first part of the displacement movement, wherein the operating unit acts directly between the frame (2,22) and said one end portion (via 5) of the power transmission rod, and that the lever mechanism (13) by means of a mechanical follower device (25,27) is adapted to become operative (Fig. 3) by sensing said second end portion (28) of the power trans¬ mission rod, so that during the second part of the displace¬ ment movement the operating unit (9) acts between said one end portion (via 5) of the power transmission rod and the operating lever mechanism (22) under a multiple amplification of the force generated by the operating unit, wherein the amplified force acts on said second end portion (28,29) of the power transmission rod. ■<£ TREA _r _OMPI_ . |
| 2. | Device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said follower device comprises a link (25) pivo tally mounted (17) on the frame and included in the lever mechanism, the free end portion (27) of the link touching the mantle surface of the power transmission rod (7) in a nonoperative position (Fig. 2) , whereas, in an operative position (Fig. 3) , it touches the end surface (29) of the power transmission rod (7) at said second end portion (29) . |
| 3. | Device according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the free end portion of the link (25) is provided with a freely rotatably roller (27) which reduces the friction. |
| 4. | Device according to anyone of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the operating unit (9) is pivoted during said first part (Figs 1, 2) of the displace¬ ment movement but is kept substantially in parallel to the power transmission rod during said second, force amplifying part (Figs 3, 4) of the displacement movement. |
| 5. | Device according to anyone of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the operating unit (9) is connected to said object (5) , which is axially adjustable (19,20) on said one end portion of the power transmission rod (7) . |
| 6. | Device according to anyone of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the lever mechanism (13) comprises a toggle joint mechanism (22,23,24). |
| 7. | Device according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said second end (10) of the operating unit (9) is connected to the toggle joint (22) of the toggle joint mecha¬ nism. JUKEΛ" OMPI . |
| 8. | Device according to claim 6 or 7, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d i n that the toggle joint mechanism (2224) is selflocking in its end position of said second part of the displacement movement (Fig. 4) . |
The invention relates to a force amplifying displacement device of the kind stated in the preamble of claim 1.
More particularly, thus, the invention concerns a displace- ment device, where a major part of the displacement movement requires only a minor force or no force at all (transporta¬ tion movement) , while a short part of the movement requires a substantially greater force. Example of such devices are machine tools, where a press head, a piercing tool, a deep- drawing tool or some other member is to be moved back and forth towards an opposite tool half, a die or the like. Here the major part of the movement hardly needs any force at all, while a substantial material deforming work is effected along a short distance and therefore entails ^ the application of a very great force.
In order to generate such great forces, operating units such as pneumatic or hydraulic operating cylinders are often used, which are dimensioned for a specific stroke (the entire dis- placement distance) and a maximum force. This, however, involves a considerable over-dimensioning, since the capacity of the operating unit is used only for a very short part of the operating stroke.
The object of the invention is thus to achieve such a displace¬ ment device that a smaller operating unit can be used owing to force amplification along a part of the displacement move¬ ment.
According to the invention this object is achieved by means of a device having the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Suitable further features and developments of the inventive idea appear from claims 2 to 7.
The most important advantage gained from the invention is that
substantially smaller units can be used, making the device cheaper and lighter than previously known structures.
The invention is described further below with reference to the appended drawings illustrating an embodiment.
Fig. 1 shows schematically in side elevation a machine frame and a displacement device according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows, in a larger scale, the upper portion of the device according to Fig. 1 during a first part of the dis¬ placement movement;
Fig. 3 shows, likewise in a larger scale, the upper portion of the device according to Fig. 1 during the final stage of the displacement movement; and Fig. 4 shows, also in a larger scale, the displacement device in its entirety in a self-locking end position.
The displacement device 1 shown in Fig. 1 is mounted on a machine frame 2 above an operating table 3. In the present example, the device is used for a sealed closure of a container 4 by means of a lid 5 carried by the displacement device, wherein the sealing is achieved by means of a sealing ring 6 of an elastomer material (compare also Fig. 4) . Only along a very short part of the closing movement, a great force needs to be applied, i.e. when an acceptable sealing function is to be achieved by deformation of the sealing ring 6, so that a tight all-round contact is secured. Such a closing opera¬ tion can be used e.g. for testing the tightness of the con¬ tainer, which is supplied with vaccuum or over-pressure during a predetermined time period via a hose connection (not shown) .
For the stated purpose - to accomplish a relatively long dis¬ placement movement with an insignificant force and a relative- ly short displacement movement with a great force - the device 1 comprises a power transmission rod 7 being linearly guided
in a vertical tube portion 8 fixed to the machine frame, an operating unit 9 consisting of a pneumatic cylinder 10, a piston 11 displaceable therein, a protruding piston rod 12 and non-illustrated connection hoses for the pneumatic operation of the unit 9, as well as a force amplifying, conditionally operating lever mechanism 13.
The tube portion 8 is welded between two bracket plates 14 15 (of which only one is visible in the side views in the figures) and is at the top and the bottom provided with internal slide bearings 16 (the upper one is shown in Figs 2, 3 and 4) . Furthermore, between the bracket plates two stationary axes 17 and 18, respectively, included in the lever mechanism 13, are secured.
The power transmission rod 7, thus, is linearly guided in slide bearings of the tube portion 8 and can be displaced upwardly-downwardly. The lower portion of .the rod 7 is threaded, and the lid 5 is axially adjustable on the rod end by means of an internally threaded flange 19 and a lock nut 20 (see Fig. 4) .
The lid 5 is also connected to the operating unit 9 by the lower portion of the piston rod 12 being pivotally secured to a pivot pin 21 disposed on the top side of the lid. From the lid 5, the operating unit 9, i.e. the piston rod 12 and the pneumatic cylinder 10, extend upwardly almost parallell outside the rod 7 and the tube portion 8, and the upper cylinder end wall, by means of an attachment eye, is couple to the lever mechanism 13 at the joint 22 between two links 23 and 24.
The lever mechanism 13, which appears best from Figs 2 to 4 in the shown embodiment, comprises substantially two portio namely firstly a toggle joint mechanism consisting of the t links 23, 24 with the toggle joint 22 and, secondly, a tria
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gular link 25 pivotable on the fixed axis 17, which link at one of its free triangle corners is connected to the toggle joint mechanism by means of a joint axis 26 and at its second free triangle corner carries a freely rotatable roller 27. The toggle joint mechanism 22, 23, 24, thus, is movable in synchronismto the pivotable link 25, whereby an upwardly directed force on the joint 22 ' tends to swing the link 25 counter-clockwise around the axis 17 and vice versa.
As mentioned above, however, the lever mechanism operates only conditionally. In the position shown in Fig. 2 , the rod 7 (as in Fig. 1) extends vertically above the roller 27, so that the latter stays in rolling contact with the mantle surface of the rod 7. As long as _the joint 22 is influenced by an upwardly directed force, the mechanism 13 is thus completely immovable and the joint 22 is to be considered as a point fixed to the machine frame 2. In the following it is assumed that the joint 22 is continuously influenced by a relatively weak, upwardly directed force, e.g. by means of a spring or the like applied in a suitable manner at the bracket plates, so that the total weight of the rod, the operating unit 9 and the lever mechanism 13 is compensated.
If in this position, the cylinder 10 is supplied with compres- sed air at its upper end portion, the piston rod will start a downwardly directed stroke, whereby the lid 5 and the rod 7 also move downwards. From the upper end position to a posi¬ tion shown in Fig. 3 (quite close to the lower end position shown in Fig. 4) , the pneumatic cylinder 10 operates in a conventional manner in that the cylinder is fixed to the joint 22 and the piston rod 12 transmits its movements (without substantial resistance) to the lid 5 and the rod 7. As no significant power transmission is effected at this stage, it does not matter that the operating unit 9 is somewhat oblique relative to the rod 7, as appears from Fig. 2 -
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In the position shown in Fig. 3 (wherein the lid 5 has reached a position just above the container 4, compare Figs 1 and 4) , the lever mechanism 13 is put into operation in that the roller 27 rolls over the edge of the upper end por- tion 28 of the power transmission rod 7, whereby the link 25 rotates counter-clockwise around the axis 17 (under the influence of the upwardly directed force on the joint 22) , so that the roller 27 continues to stay in rolling contact with the upper end surface 29 of the rod 7. Now, the lever mechanism 13 is made operative. It is assumed that the lid 5 has now got in touch with the container 4, so that a continue downward movement requires the application of a substantially greater force than before, although the following length of movement is very small.
The joint 22 is no longer a fixed point, but can be moved upwards during a continued counter-clockwise rotation of the link 25, while the roller 27 exerts a vertical force on the" rod. Because of the rolling contact, there are no side forces, which is a great advantage. Under a continued application of pressure in the cylinder 10, the operating unit 9 will per¬ form an expanding movement, wherein the piston rod end 12 rests against the lid 5, while the upper end portion of the cylinder 10 pushes the joint 22 upwardly. To begin with, the force exchange is about 1:1 (when the link 24 forms an angle of 45 with the axis of the cylinder) , but by the toggle joint action an ever increasing force amplification is achieved during the continued movement. The force reaches a maximum immediately before the end position shown in Fig. 4, where the links 23 and 24 are completely straightened out relative each other. Then the mechanism is also self-locking.
Thus, a multiple force amplification is accomplished during th final stage of the movement. With a proper dimensioning, it is possible to achieve without difficulty a force amplifica¬ tion of about 10 times with the shown embodiment of the lever
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mechanism. If desired, the mechanism 13 can be constructed in another way known per se in tongs and similar force amplifying devices, in order to achieve the necessary force amplification.
The essential feature of the invention is that one and the same pressurized fluid cylinder can be used in two function namely acting directly in the first stage of the movement (Fig. 2) as well as under force amplification by means of t lever mechanism 13 (figs 3, 4) . This double function is pri marily enabled by the link 25 with the roller 27 serving as a follower device and sensing the passage of the upper end portion 28 of the rod 7, whereby the lever mechanism is put into operation. It is not necessary that the roller 27 sens exactly the end surface 29. The upper end portion 28 of the rod can e.g. be provided with a central recess or a slit, into which the roller 27 runs when the slit reaches a posi¬ tion opposite the same. Whether the roller senses the end surface, a slit or some other means on the rod 7, a suitabl cam or run surface could be formed for a desired force ampl fication characteristic. The- force amplification characteri tic can also be varied by axial (vertical) adjustment of th lid on the lower end portion of the rod 7, e.g. so that the maximum force (corresponding to straightened out links 23, 24) is never achieved but only a desired highest value of t force.
The device according to the invention can be applied in several ways. Apart from machine tools and units for tight- ness testing, as mentioned above, the following fields of application are feasable:
- door or gate closers, particularly on vehicles and shi
- actuating devices in industrial processes; - jacks (if a maximum force is required for only a minor part of the movement) .
What is denoted "frame" in the above description and in the claims can consist of a body of any kind, a frame, a support or a bed, relative to which the object is to be displaced. Also, the displacement direction could be oriented as desire
The operating unit 9 does not necessarily consist of a pres¬ surized fluid cylinder but could be any kind of linearly ope rating motor device, e.g. an electrical linear motor, a conventional rotating electrical motor with a screw-nut-tran mission, etc.
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