CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63/353,446, filed on June 17, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to formulations comprising a feed composition and a P-mannanase enzyme. Furthermore, methods of administering the formulation to animals such as porcine animals are provided to demonstrate beneficial effects on the animals. The formulations and methods described herein can benefit overall animal wellbeing and future productivity.

BACKGROUND

[0003] A modern porcine diet typically includes vegetable-based feed ingredients, for instance legume meals, cereal grains, cereal-grain by-products. Many vegetable-based feed ingredients include strongly anti-nutritive polysaccharide fibers such as -mannans. Generally, P-mannans belong to the hemicellulose fraction and have a backbone composed of mannose (e.g., mannans and galactomannans) or of mannose and glucose (e.g., glucomannans and galacto-glucomannans) .

[0004] The estimated content of soluble P-mannans in common fattening diets is only 0.20- 0.35%. However, in vitro studies have demonstrated that as little as 0.05% of soluble P- mannan in feed can elicit a strong innate immune response in animals. This innate response is known as a feed induced immune response (FIIR), which suppresses growth in order to protect the liver in animals, as well as reserves energy and nutrients for high priority immune functions. Thus, there exists a need for new formulations and methods to assist with prevention of an immune response in animals, for instance by inclusion of substances in animal feed.

SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides formulations comprising a feed composition and a P- mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) as well as associated methods. The formulations and methods of the present disclosure provide favorable results in one or more of performance data, health parameters, slaughter data and/or carcass quality when used via supplementing a porcine diet. [0006] Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] In an illustrative aspect, a dietary formulation comprising i) a feed composition and ii) an amount of a P-mannanase is provided. The amount of the -mannanase is selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0008] In an embodiment, the dietary formulation is a porcine dietary formulation. Porcine dietary formulations are known in the art to the skilled artisan.

[0009] In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0010] In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0011] In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises a low net energy content. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 50 kcal to about 100 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 60 kcal to about 90 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 70 kcal to about 80 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 50 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 55 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 60 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 65 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 70 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 75 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 80 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 85 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 90 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 95 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 100 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed.

[0012] In an embodiment, the feed composition contains palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 5-15% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 5% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 6% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 7% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 8% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 9% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 10% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 11% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 12% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 13% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 14% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). In an embodiment, the feed composition comprises about 15% of palm kernel expeller (PKE).

[0013] In an embodiment, providing the porcine diet formulation to a group of pigs maintains at least one performance parameter of the group of pigs at a level that is not statistically different from a level of the at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter includes at least one of an average daily weight gain (ADWG), an average daily feed intake (ADFI), a feed conversion rate (FCR), slaughter data, or a carcass quality. In an embodiment, the slaughter data includes one or more of a hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth.

[0014] In an illustrative aspect, a method of decreasing a percentage of antimicrobial treatment for a group of pigs is provided. The method comprises administering a dose of a P- mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 0.5 % to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase.

Alternatively, the pigs could be administered a dietary formulation as described herein according to the method.

[0015] In an embodiment, the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0016] In an embodiment, the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 1 % to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 1.5% to about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase.

[0017] In an illustrative aspect, a method of decreasing a percentage mortality for a group of pigs is provided. The method comprises administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 0.9% to about 3.15% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs could be administered a dietary formulation as described herein according to the method.

[0018] In an embodiment, the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0019] In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 1.5% to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 1.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P- mannanase.

[0020] In an illustrative aspect, a method of decreasing a feed conversion ratio (FCR) for a group of pigs is provided. The method comprises administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the FCR decreased by about 1% to about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs could be administered a dietary formulation as described herein according to the method.

[0021] In an embodiment, the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0022] In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 2% to about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P- mannanase. In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the FCR decreased by about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase.

[0023] In an illustrative aspect, a method of decreasing a cost of medication for a group of pigs is provided. The method comprises administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% to about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs could be administered a dietary formulation as described herein according to the method.

[0024] In an embodiment, the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0025] In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% to about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% to about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P- mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 1 % compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 7% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P- mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 9% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. In an embodiment, the percentage mortality decreases by about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase.

[0026] In an illustrative aspect, a method of maintaining at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs is provided. The method comprises administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein a level of the at least one performance parameter for the group of pigs is not statistically different compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. Alternatively, the pigs could be administered a dietary formulation as described herein according to the method.

[0027] In an embodiment, the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. In an embodiment, the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

[0028] In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter includes at least one of an average daily weight gain (ADWG), an average daily feed intake (ADFI), a feed conversion rate (FCR), slaughter data, or a carcass quality. In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter comprises an average daily weight gain (ADWG). In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter comprises an average daily feed intake (ADFI). In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter comprises a feed conversion rate (FCR). In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter comprises a carcass quality. In an embodiment, the at least one performance parameter comprises slaughter data. In an embodiment, the slaughter data includes one or more of a hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth.

[0029] The following numbered embodiments are contemplated and are non-limiting:

1. A dietary formulation comprising i) a feed composition and ii) an amount of a [3- mannanase, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of the feed composition.

2. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dietary formulation is a porcine dietary formulation. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises a low net energy content. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 50 kcal to about 100 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 60 kcal to about 90 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 70 kcal to about 80 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 50 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 55 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 60 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 65 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 70 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 75 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 80 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 85 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 90 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 95 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 100 kcal net energy per kilogram of feed. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition contains palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 5-15% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 5% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 6% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 7% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 8% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 9% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 10% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 11% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 12% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 13% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 14% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 30, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the feed composition comprises about 15% of palm kernel expeller (PKE). The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein providing the porcine diet formulation to a group of pigs maintains at least one performance parameter of the group of pigs at a level that is not statistically different from a level of the at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The dietary formulation of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes at least one of an average daily weight gain (ADWG), an average daily feed intake (ADFI), a feed conversion rate (FCR), slaughter data, or a carcass quality. The dietary formulation of clause 44, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the slaughter data includes one or more of a hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth. A method of decreasing a percentage of antimicrobial treatment for a group of pigs comprising administering a dose of a P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 0.5 % to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 47, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 1% to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage of antimicrobial treatment decreases by about 1.5% to about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. A method of decreasing a percentage mortality for a group of pigs comprising administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 0.9% to about 3.15% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% to about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1.5% to about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 2.5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 62, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. A method of decreasing a feed conversion ratio (FCR) for a group of pigs comprising administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the FCR decreased by about 1% to about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 84, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 2% to about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 1% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the FCR decreased by about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . A method of decreasing a cost of medication for a group of pigs comprising administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1% to about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of the P-mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% to about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% to about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 1 % compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 2% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 3% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 4% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 5% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 6% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 7% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 8% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 9% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 103, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the percentage mortality decreases by about 10% compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . A method of maintaining at least one performance parameter for a group of pigs comprising administering a dose of P-mannanase to the group of pigs, wherein a level of the at least one performance parameter for the group of pigs is not statistically different compared to a group of pigs not treated with P-mannanase. . The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dose of the -mannanase is an amount selected from a range of about 200 g/ton to about 400 g/ton of a feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 225 g/ton to about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 250 g/ton to about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is selected from a range of about 275 g/ton to about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 200 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 225 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 250 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 275 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 300 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 325 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 350 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 375 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 130, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the amount is about 400 g/ton of the feed composition. . The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter includes at least one of an average daily weight gain (ADWG), an average daily feed intake (ADFI), a feed conversion rate (FCR), slaughter data, or a carcass quality. 144. The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter comprises an average daily weight gain (ADWG).

145. The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter comprises an average daily feed intake (ADFI).

146. The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter comprises a feed conversion rate (FCR).

147. The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter comprises a carcass quality.

148. The method of clause 129, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the at least one performance parameter comprises slaughter data.

149. The method of clause 148, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the slaughter data includes one or more of a hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, or muscle depth.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Feeding Formulations Comprising P-mannanase Enzyme to Piglets and Fattening Pigs

[0030] The instant example evaluated performance and health parameters on animals. The control group was fed a standard control diet. The treatment group was fed formulations comprising 300 g/T of P-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) and a reformulated diet with reduced net energy (NE) content.

[0031] The instant example comprised three (3) piglet feed trials and three (3) fattening feed trials and an analysis of performance data, e.g., average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), % treated animals, and mortality, using a statistical program (JMP 15.0, JMP Statistical Discovery, Cary, NC). The performance data of animals in the control group was statistically compared to the performance data of animals fed formulations comprising 300 g/T of P-mannanase enzyme, as provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1.

[0032] As illustrated by Table 1, the performance parameters did not significantly differ between the treatment groups in both the piglet feed trials and the fattening feed trials. Nevertheless, there was a clear trend for better health parameters in the P-mannanase treated group, including lowering a percentage of antimicrobial-treated animals by about 0.5% (0.47%) to about 3% (2.96%) (5.31 % treated animals versus 8.27% treated animals in piglets; 6.67% treated animals versus 7.14% treated animals in fattening pigs) and mortality by about 0.9% to about 3.15% (0.15% mortality versus 1.05% mortality in piglets; 1.26% mortality versus 4.41 % mortality in fattening pigs).

[0033] The instant example demonstrates that a formulation comprising a P-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) was able to degrade P-mannans in porcine diets with reduced NE content (approx. 63 kcal NE/kg feed). The performance parameters (ADWG, ADFI, and FCR) of animals in the P-mannanase treatment group did not statistically differ from those of animals in the control group. Moreover, the P-mannanase treatment group exhibited improved health parameters, including a numerically lower percentage of animals treated with antimicrobials and a lower mortality than the control group.

Example 2

Feeding Formulations Comprising P-mannanase Enzyme Improves Feed Efficiency

[0034] The instant example evaluated the effects of feeding P-mannanase-containing formulations on feed efficiency in grower/finisher pigs fed diets containing high amounts (5-15 %) of palm kernel expeller (PKE). For the instant example, a 3x2 factorial design was applied involving three (3) treatments (control, PKE, PKE+ -mannanase (PKE+)) as applied to two (2) sexes (barrows, gilts) with two (2) subsequent batches. Groups were divided over 80 pens resulting in 13-14 repeats per group.

[0035] Pigs were fed palletized starter (0-28 days), grower (28-63 days), and finisher diets (63-99 days). Body weight (BW) was recorded on days 0, 28, 63, and 99. Feed was offered ad libitum and recorded by pen. For each phase, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data analysis was performed in R statistics.

[0036] The composition of the trial diets is provided in Table 2.

Table 2.

¹ Diet rich in palm kernel expeller (PKE)

² PKE-rich diets comprising -mannanase enzyme.

[0037] The expected nutrient content of the trial diets is provided in Table 3.

Table 3.

[0038] The effects of treatment for the control, PKE, and PKE+ groups (presented as estimated marginal means with pooled standard error of means) are provided in Table 4.

Table 4.

Barrows Gilts Both sexes ¹ /’-values ²

Ctrl PKE ³ PKE+ ⁴ Ctrl PKE PKE+ SEM Ctrl PKE PKE+ SEMTrt*sex Grt Sex

BW DO, 21.0 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.0 21.2 0.9 21.2 21.1 21.2 0.9 0.88 0.96 0.84 kg

BW D28, 40.3 38.0 39.7 37.9 37.8 39.7 2 39.1 37.9 39.7 1.4 0.34 0.19 0.25 kg

BW D63, 73.4 74.0 74.2 72.0 70.5 73.4 1.9 72.7 72.2 73.8 1.7 0.45 0.43 0.06 kg

BW D99, 108.5 112.2 110.6 105.2 104.7 109.2 1.8 106.8 108.4 109.9 1.5 0.07 0.07 <0.001 kg

¹ Pooled performance for barrows and gilts, superscripts indicate differences between treatments solely.

² Model-established P-vales.

³ Palm kernel expeller (5 - 10 - 15 % in starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively).

⁴ Addition of 0.03% P-mannanase enzyme (Hemicell HT).

[0039] Table 4 presents data on pig weights. The pigs arrived at the finisher facility at an average weight of 21.2 kg (± 0.9). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were present in the start weight (day 0) between treatment groups or sex. At day 28, pigs in PKE+ were slightly, but non-significantly (P > 0.05) heavier with 39.7 kg (±1.4 kg) as compared to PKE (37.9 kg) and control (39.1 kg). At day 63, the pigs in PKE+ were again slightly but not significantly (P > 0.05) heavier with 73.8 kg (± 1.7) comparison to PKE (72.2 kg) and control (72.7 kg). At day 99 at the end of the finisher phase, the bodyweight of the PKE+ pigs averaged 109.9 kg and tended (P = 0.07) to be heavier than the pigs in PKE (108.4 kg) and control (106.8 kg). Throughout the entire trial, no significant interaction (P > 0.05) between treatment and sex could be observed. However, a significant difference (P < 0.001) in body weight at day 99 was observed between barrows and gilts, with the barrows between 1.4 and 7.5 kg heavier than the gilts in the respective treatment groups. The biggest difference (7.5 kg) was observed in the PKE group.

[0040] Furthermore, The ADFI did not significantly differ (P >0.05) between the treatment groups in the starter phase. Nevertheless, a significant effect (P = 0.002) of sex and a significant interaction (P = 0.02) between treatment and sex could be observed during the starter phase. In the grower phase, ADFI in PKE+ (2281 g/d ± 25) and PKE (2240 g/d) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) ADFI than Control (2155 g/d). Gilts had significantly lower (P < 0.001) ADFI than barrows in the grower phase, and ADFI in both PKE+ (2818 g/d ± 32) and PKE (2777 g/d) was significantly higher (P <0.001) than in Control (2633 g/d). Again, a significant effect (P < 0.001) of sex was observed. The overall ADFI in both PKE+ (2199 g/d ± 19) and PKE (2171 g/d) group was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in Control (2080 g/d). Overall, there also was a significant effect (P < 0.001) of sex on ADFI, with ADFI ranging between 1974 and 2125 g/d for gilts and 2192 and 2300 g/d for barrows. During the starter phase, pigs fed in PKE+ had significantly (P = 0.004) better FCR (2.07 ± 0.03) compared to PKE (2.19). FCR on Control pigs (2.13) was intermediate. During the grower phase, FCR did not differ significantly between treatments (2.36, 2.36 and 2.42 for Control, PKE and PKE+ group, respectively). However, gilts had a significantly better FCR (range: 2.27 - 2.37) than barrows (range: 2.42 - 2.47) in the grower phase. During the finisher phase, pigs in both PKE+ (2.84 ± 0.02) and PKE (2.80) had significantly higher (P < 0.001) FCR than Control pigs (2.72). A significant effect (P < 0.001) of sex was also observed FCR, with gilts having lower (2.60 - 2. 76) FCR compared to barrows (2.83 - 2.92). Overall, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in FCR between treatment groups was observed. Nevertheless, a significant overall effect (P < 0.001) of sex was observed for FCR, with gilts being more efficient (2.43 - 2.47) than barrows (2.57-2.59).

[0041] In sum, the results of the instant example demonstrated a significant improvement in FCR (P=0.004) in the first four weeks for the PKE+ group (2.07) as compared to the control group (2.13), resulting in about 3% (2.82%) improvement. During grower/finisher phases, ADG and ADFI were significantly (P<0.05) higher on PKE and PKE+ groups as compared to the control group. Overall, both PKE and PKE+ groups performed significantly better than the control group, where PKE and PKE+ groups performed similarly. Feeding 10-15% PKE increased ADG and ADFI (potentially due to overestimated energy content of the PKE), both with and without P-mannanase, and resulted in similar FCR. Thus, formulations comprising P- mannanase enzyme may improve FCR on high PKE diets in pigs.

Example 3

Feeding Formulations Comprising P-mannanase Enzyme to Fattening Pigs

[0042] The instant example evaluated the effects of feeding P-mannanase-containing formulations on performance data and carcass quality on fattening pigs. For the instant example, an eighteen-week feeding trial was conducted on a commercial fattening unit with Dan Bred x Belgian Pietrain pigs starting at 10 weeks of age. Standard three-phase control diets were compared to similar isonutritive diets with 300 g/ton of P-mannanase (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) added, except for following changes:

Phase 1 (week 1-4): 3% soybean meal (SBM) was replaced by PKM.

Phase 2 (weeks 5-9): 6% SBM was replaced by PKM. • Phase 3 (weeks 10-18): 9% SBM was placed by PKM.

[0043] Standard production and health data were collected including days in fattening, bodyweight at start and slaughter, feed intake, mortality and antibiotic use. Additionally, feed conversion rate and medication cost were calculated from the collected data. Furthermore, pigs were slaughtered on separate slaughter days to reliably collect relevant carcass parameters at slaughterhouse level (Table 5). The data were analyzed using the JMP 15.0 statistical program. [0044] The overall technical results and carcass data of a comparative trial between control diets and diets containing 3-6-9% PKM with addition of P-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL® HT) are provided in Table 5. Significant differences are indicated in Table 5 as P < 0.05.

Table 5.

[0045] As illustrated above, overall performance data did not differ significantly between both trial groups, although there were relevant numeric differences in mortality (n = 27 in the control group versus n = 5 in the P-mannanase enzyme group) and a slightly lower cost of medication in the P-mannanase enzyme group of about 7% (6.67%) (€ 0.70 versus € 0.75). Slaughter data (lean meat, meat and loin depth) differed significantly (P < 0.05).

[0046] As evidenced by the instant example, the inclusion of P-mannanase enzyme in formulations was able to degrade P-mannans in diets with an increasing inclusion of PKM (3-6- 9%). Therefore, maintaining production performance and overall carcass quality of P- mannanase-treated pigs were obtained at levels that were not statistically different from those of pigs in the control groups. Further, some of the differences in carcass quality parameters could be explained by the variation in the male/female ratio among the treatment groups.

Example 4

Feeding Formulations Comprising P-mannanase Enzyme Reduces Production Costs Per Kilogram of Carcass Weight in Pigs

[0047] The instant example evaluated the effects of feeding P-mannanase-containing formulations on production costs in pigs. In particular, an eighteen-week feeding trial was conducted in a commercial fattening unit with Dan Bred x Belgian Pietrain pigs starting at 10 weeks of age. The trial involved a two-phase feeding strategy. Phase one was instituted at porcine body weights from 20-40 kg and phase two occurred from 40-135 kg body weight. The control group was fed a standard control diet. The treatment group was fed formulations comprising 300 g/T of P-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICEEE® HT) and a reformulated diet with reduced net energy (NE) content.

[0048] Performance data were collected, including weight (at day 0, day 28, and at slaughter), feed intake, mortality, antibiotic use, and slaughter data (e.g., hot carcass weight, lean meat, backfat thickness, and muscle depth). Additionally, feed conversion rate (FCR) and average daily weight gain (ADWG) were calculated from the collected data. The collected data were analyzed using the JMP 15.0 statistical program.

[0049] The results of phase one of the trial (20-40 kg) are provided in Table 6.

Table 6.

[0050] The results of phase two of the trial (40-135 kg) are provided in Table 7.

Table 7.

[0051] The results of slaughter data and economic value are provided in Table 8.

Table 8.

[0052] The results of the instant example indicate that performance data did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between both trial groups in Phase 1 and Phase 2. However, mortality was significantly higher during Phase 1 in the control group (3.19% versus 0.00%) as compared to the P-mannanase treated group. Carcass quality was only significantly different (P <0.05) for muscle depth (73.58 mm in Control group versus 75.33 mm in P-mannanase treated group). Calculation of feed costs per kg carcass weight (accounting for the cost of enzyme inclusion) resulted in a € 0.02 lower feed cost for the P-mannanase treated group compared to the Control Pigs- [0053] The inclusion of formulations comprising a P-mannanase enzyme (e.g., HEMICELL®

HT) in reformulated diets with a lower energy content (65 kcal NE / kg feed) provided degradation of -mannans in a porcine diet while maintaining production performance and overall carcass quality that was not statistically different from the untreated control group. Moreover, inclusion of formulations comprising a -mannanase enzyme resulted in an overall reduction in production costs of € 0.02 per kg of carcass weight, which is advantageous considering the current globally trends in feed prices.

[0054] The description and illustration of one or more aspects provided in this application are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the disclosure as claimed in any way. The aspects, examples, and details provided in this application are considered sufficient to convey possession and enable others to make and use the best mode of claimed disclosure. The claimed disclosure should not be construed as being limited to any aspect, for example, or detail provided in this application. Regardless of whether shown and described in combination or separately, the various features (both structural and methodological) are intended to be selectively included or omitted to produce an embodiment with a particular set of features. Having been provided with the description and illustration of the present application, one skilled in the art may envision variations, modifications, and alternate aspects falling within the spirit of the broader aspects of the general inventive concept embodied in this application that do not depart from the broader scope of the claimed disclosure.