TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention falls within the construction field; the insulation of the building envelope; thermal insulation of reinforced concrete bridge elements above window and door openings.

THE DESCRIPTION OF A TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Currently used solutions of bridge elements have high thermal conductivity; moreover, trouble occurs with the installation of additional elements, i.e. window shutter boxes and other box brackets. The mentioned solutions pose a technical problem because of high heat transfer of bridge elements above window and door openings and eliminate the problems, which occur when fixating additional components into bridge elements.

The materials for the implementation of bridge elements are mostly reinforced concrete components, which unfortunately have much greater thermal conductivity than other construction materials.

Installation, removal and all other transport obligations have massive environmental effects, when commonly used formwork is applied; this is because of using concrete formwork elements and because of heat dissipation through thermal bridges in a life cycle of a structure.

STATE OF THE ART

Common types of building or implementations of bridge elements are time-consuming and consequently expensive. They furthermore fail to solve the problem of extreme thermal bridges and the occurrence of potential mistakes and related issues, The problems are particularly intensified, when shutter boxes, Venetian blinds box brackets and other night protection types are included; this is especially the case, when we wish to position all of the above mentioned types into the area of thermal insulation building envelope (according to the contact insulation facades - ETICS - External Thermal Insulation Composite / Compact System or German WDVS - Warme-Damm-Verbund- System) or other facade systems.

There are some mounting solutions for bridge elements (in which case the concrete bridge elements are already made in the factory and are installed at the construction site by using construction equipment; the said bridge elements may already have thermal insulation included) and implementations of bridge elements are made according to the method following the remaining concrete; when the bridge elements are positioned onto load-bearing walls, reinforcement is applied and cast with concrete (in this cases some solutions also include thermal insulation). Unfortunately, the said systems only include special solutions. Cases of similar solutions are as follows:

• Dennert, Germany, http://www.der.nert- baustoffe.de/fileadmin/user unload/BaustoffwelWRSTURZ DATENBL.pdf

• Heluz, Austria, www.heluz.at. http://www.heluz.at/kataloE/keramische-sturze-heluz- 1 15/

• Kalksandstein, Germany, www. kalksandstein. de. http://www.kalksandstein.de/ks- stuerze.php?page id-13098

• Suruoll, Germany, www.sunroll.de.

http ://www. suniOll ,de/pdf/prospekt_lavaton_8_seiter.pdf

• Fuerer, Austria, www.fuehrer.co.at. http://www.fuehrer.co.at/site/pro_stuer2e.htrfd • Stahlton, www.stahlton-bauteile.ch, http://www.stahlton- bauteile.chyindex.htrfil?/oVprodukte/schuerzenelement prospekthtml

• Isorast,

http://www.isorast.info/passivhaus/niedripenergiehaus/verarb eitung/inhaIt_verarbeitu ng3.html

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SOLUTION

Formwork used for the concrete product and a manufacturing process of the concrete product solve the technical problem related to high heat transfer of bridge elements above window and door openings and eliminate the trouble that occurs when installing additional elements into bridge elements above window and door openings. The invention refers to the implementation of above-window and above-door bridge elements from reinforced concrete. According to the invention, single-use formwork is used, as it already includes thermal insulation in order to prevent heat dissipation or has a purpose of eliminating problematic thermal bridges. The selected materials and their combinations provide good load-bearing capacity in the system when installing reinforced steel and casting concrete and also later on during usage, including the option of fixating shutter boxes and other elements (curtain holders, anti-sun protection, fixating different electrical and electronic controllers, etc.). Input materials for production are mostly obtained from recycling technological processes, wood, recycled wood or biopolymers. According to the invention, the position of shutter boxes, Venetian blinds box brackets, etc. is presented in a way that is as aesthetic, simple and energy-saving as possible.

The key of the solution lies in designing formwork, which serves two purposes: designing the form of the concrete product, which means above-door or above-window bridge element from the implementation point of view, and managing thermal insulation. After shaping the product formwork does need not need to be removed; it remains well fixated to the designed concrete product. There are several advantages besides the obvious (saving factors during placing and removing formwork, including transport); the insulation fits the concrete product remarkably well, as concrete fills in all the niches, therefore avoiding potential occurrence of thermal bridges or diffusion transitions transversely along the borderline between the insulation and the concrete product. The obvious advantage also lies in designing complex forms - formwork may be designed in a rather complex manner, particularly by using modern 3D cut-out technology of thermal insulation materials.

A problem may arise regarding the failure of load-bearing capacity of thermal insulation core. To this end a support line is installed into thermal insulation core, onto which equipment can be fixated, i.e. shutter boxes, etc, If necessary, it is possible to later install additional insulation to the internal side in order to prevent thermal bridges.

The process runs as follows:

- Production of thermal insulation core from thermal insulation materials, usually assembled in the factory as an industrial semi-finished product;

- Installing a support line, usually assembled in the factory as an industrial semifinished product;

- Concrete casting at the construction site.

The speed of construction in modern building industry is highly necessary. The said invention would reduce the installation time and therefore constructing of the mentioned construction set, i.e., implementation of above-window or above-door bridge elements would be considerably cheaper. Furthermore, the impact of highly problematic occurrence of thermal bridge in window and door bridge elements is reduced to the smallest possible extent, therefore providing aesthetic installation of shutter boxes and Venetian blinds box brackets; this enables proper implementation from the thermal insulation point of view.

The invention refers to the implementation process of a bridge element, made of reinforced concrete, above window and door openings. According to this invention, formwork is primarily designed to be used only once (single-use) and consists of thermal insulation, reinforcement and other elements in order to produce a bridge element, made of reinforced concrete. It also prevents heat dissipation; the impact of thermal bridges above window or door openings is also reduced; the openings are often subject to additional weakening effects because of shutter boxes or other box brackets (i.e. for Venetian blinds and other anti-sun and night protection) and installations. As the product is primarily designed for single-use, the selection of input materials primarily includes recycling technological processes.

The aim of the invention is to economize time, simplify and save work and energy when installing above- window and above-door bridge elements and reducing energy losses on the said construction set of the building to the smallest possible extent, even though only materials with higher thermal conductivity (concrete, steel...) are generally used; simplification or ensuring installation of window shutter boxes and other box brackets are also included.

In order to decrease the environmental load when installing single-use formwork, input materials of recycling technological processes, recycled wood, wood or biopolymers are primarily used for the said invention.

Construction time is shortened, which in turn cuts the costs of implementing bridge elements, particularly when considering additional time of processing bridge elements with concrete formwork, installing window shutter boxes or Venetian blinds box brackets, different installation procedures and processing with facade finishing.

The great advantage of the innovative solution according to this invention is simultaneous use of materials with high thermal insulation capacity, if possible both rigid and load-bearing, providing the option of using as few additional load-bearing elements as possible to implement single-use formwork to concrete window and door bridge elements, made of reinforced concrete. In addition to that, the said materials later on serve as good thermal insulation components, preventing the occurrence of (lined) thermal bridges and reduce the loss of thermal energy. In order to keep the burdening of the environment at minimum when using single-use formwork, most of the materials used are recycled, i,e, wood, recycled wood, biopolymers, materials obtained through different recycling technological processes, materials of closed-loop production, discarded materials after production processes, etc.

The system provides simple installation of window shutter boxes, Venetian blinds box brackets and other box brackets as an under-formwork version (which means it is visible neither from the outside, nor from the inside).

Another important advantage also lies in the fact that the solution, according to this invention, does not require any use of machinery, typical in civil construction and engineering, as the elements for the implementation of bridge elements for window and door openings are very light and easy to handle.

In the continuation the point of the said invention is shown with figures, which form a part of this patent application and present the following;

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of single-use formwork system for the implementation of bridge elements above window and door openings, whereby the figure clearly shows thermal insulation core (1), where the core can be of any form and is primarily made of polystyrene or polyurethane materials, primarily obtained through recyling technological processes; the core serves to create as effective thermal insulation as possible and serves as the form (formwork) for fresh concrete casting (2); it also serves as additional thermal insulation on the internal side of bridge elements (3), primarily made of polystyrene or polyurethane materials, which should be as rigid and compact as possible in order to provide compactness and stability when installing concrete and later on provide fixation from the internal side (curtain holders and the like), supporting element (4) in or at thermal insulation core (1), providing good stability during installation and later on providing fixation of equipment (6), such as window shutter box.es, Venetian blinds box brackets or other box brackets (6), If possible, the supporting element should be made of wood, recycled wood, materials obtained through recycling technological processes, biopolymers, etc. Elements (I) and (3) may be implemented as firmly joined into an independent element in the version of implementation case, if required, Window shutter box, Venetian blinds box bracket or other box brackets (mark 6 on figure 1) along with their additional thermal insulation on the external side (mark 5 on figure 1) are not integral elements to implement bridge elements, made of reinforced concrete. Such elements are chosen at will according to the selection available on the market.

Figure 2 shows a view of the bridge element from the external (facade) side and comprises the visible area of thermal insulation core (1), supporting element (4), designed to anchor shutter boxes, Venetian blinds box brackets and other brackets and parts of both sides of bridge element, designed to fully adapt to load-bearing walls (on figure 2 marks 9 on both bridge element sides).

In the implementation case formwork with thermal insulation core (1) is made, which does not have to be removed after concrete casting (2); a supporting element (4) is installed into the thermal insulation core (1) to fixate equipment (6), such as window shutter boxes, Venetian blinds box brackets or other brackets.

In a special implementation case a thermal insulation core (1) is made of the materials, chosen between polystyrene and polyurethane materials. In another implementation case a supporting element (4) is made of a substance, selected from wood, recycled wood, materials, obtained through recycling technological processes or biopolymers.

On the internal side it is possible to fixate additional thermal insulation (3) for formworking on the internal side of the barrier, which can be made of a substance, enabling fixation of room equipment, i.e. curtain holders, etc., in a special implementation case.

In order to carry out the invention, i.e. for the implementing process of concrete product, primarily above-window or above-door bridge element, the following process can be used in the implementation case: - Production of thermal insulation core (1) and additional insulation element on the internal side, made of thermal insulation materials, normally made in the factory as an industrial semi-finished product;

- Installing a supporting element (4) on one side of formwork, usually made in the factory as an industrial semi-finished product;

- Concrete casting (2) at the construction site;

- Concrete hardening (2) at the construction site.

In a special implementation case it is possible to perform additional task, i.e. fixating additional thermal insulation (3) on the internal side of thermal insulation core (1), whereby the internal side lies on the opposite side of the supporting element (4).