NETWORK

Background of the invention

Field of the invention

The present invention generally relates to mobile communication networks - hereinafter, mobile networks. More specifically, the present invention relates to mobile networks based on a "Centralized Radio Access Network" (CRAN) architecture and to a method for controlling fronthaul congestion in such mobile networks.

Overview of the related art

Information Technology industries are currently developing the fifth generation (5G) mobile network aimed at providing pervasive always-on, always- connected broadband services. With respect to the previous generation of mobile network, i.e. Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) mobile networks, 5G mobile network is expected to boost capacity as well as spectral efficiency, energy efficiency and data rates.

To achieve these goals, "Centralized Radio Access Network" (C-RAN) architecture has been proposed. According to C-RAN architecture, the traditional base station is decoupled in two parts: a distributed installed remote unit, also known as "Remote Radio Head' (RRH), and a central unit, also known as "Baseband Unit" (BBU); the physical link that connects the central unit to the remote unit is termed as fronthaul link. Typically, a certain number of remote units are connected to a single central unit, and different central units can be clustered as a central unit pool in a centralized cloud server.

A remote unit provides high coverage and capacity in the geographically- limited area where it is deployed, while a central unit allows for large-scale processing and management of signals transmitted to/received from distinct remote units, as well as flexible spectrum management, advanced network coordination and efficient interference mitigation. Additional advantages of C-RAN architecture come from low energy consumption thanks to the reduced footprint and power consumption in the remote unit. Despite these attractive advantages, C-RAN architecture is particularly challenging in terms of design requirements, especially for the fronthaul links for which high bandwidth and low latency are needed.

In order to overcome such drawbacks in the C-RAN architecture, functional split has been proposed. According to functional split, some radio functionalities are left in the remote unit while other radio functionalities are centralized in the central unit. Therefore, according to functional split, the remote unit has both radio functionalities (as in the traditional C-RAN architecture) and base station protocol layers.

On the one hand, functional split allows reducing the bandwidth and latency requirements of the fronthaul link and, on the other hand, functional split allows implementing in the remote unit those functionalities that are more challenging in terms of real time constraints.

US2014226481 discloses a system, a method, and a computer program product for coordinating communication of data packets between a user device and a core network. The system includes a first device communicatively coupled to the core network, a second device communicatively coupled to the first device. The second device receives signals from the user device. The first device and the second device share at least one functionality associated with layer 2 of a long term evolution radio access network.

US2014286258 discloses a system, a method, a device, and a computer program product for transmission of data packets between a user device and a server. A communication link between the user device and the server is established in accordance with a transmission control protocol for transmission of a data packet between the user device and the server. The data packet is transmitted utilizing the transmission control protocol.

Summary of invention

The Applicant has found that the above-cited solutions are not fully satisfactory for modern technological requirements.

Specifically, the Applicant has found that, in conventional split functionalities, the effective data throughput of the fronthaul link is practically limited by the remote unit radio interface data throughput (i.e., the data throughput over the radio link between the remote unit and user equipment served by it), which determines congestion of the fronthaul link and subsequent loss of user equipment data packet.

The Applicant has also found that neither US2014226481 nor US2014286258 are satisfactory. In fact, the solution disclosed in US2014226481 is limited to the specific case in which "Carrier Aggregation" is available in the mobile network, whereas the solution disclosed in US2014286258 refers to an architecture other than a C-RAN architecture (and specifically it refers to a standard architecture including an evolved NodeB, a server, and a communication link therebetween).

In view of the above, the Applicant has tackled the congestion issues affecting the fronthaul link due to the remote unit radio interface data throughput, and has devised a method and a system for controlling fronthaul link congestion.

One or more aspects of the present invention are set out in the independent claims, with advantageous features of the same invention that are set forth in the dependent claims (whose wording is enclosed herein verbatim by reference).

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for arranging data transmission in a mobile network. The mobile network comprises a base station having a central unit and a remote unit, wherein the remote unit comprises a plurality of remote unit data buffers each one associated with a respective user equipment for temporarily storing data to be transmitted thereto. For each selected user equipment the method comprises, in presence of data for the selected user equipment at the central unit:

determining a status of the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment;

determining an average data traffic that the selected user equipment is able to receive;

according to said status of the remote unit data buffer and to said average data traffic, determining a data throughput with which the central unit can transmit said data for the selected user equipment to the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment, and

causing the central unit to transmit said data for the selected user equipment to the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment according to the determined data throughput.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the central unit comprises a plurality of central unit data buffers each one associated with a respective user equipment for temporarily storing data to be transmitted to the remote unit data buffer associated with that user equipment. Said determining a status, said determining an average data traffic, said determining a data throughput and said causing the central unit to transmit are preferably carried out if said data for the selected user equipment determine a load condition of the central unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment below a threshold load condition.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining a status, said determining an average data traffic, said determining a data throughput and said causing the central unit to transmit (or at least one among these steps) are carried out upon reception at the central unit of said data for the selected user equipment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining an average data traffic that the selected user equipment is able to receive comprises determining, at the remote unit, a spectral efficiency associated with the selected user equipment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining a spectral efficiency associated with the selected user equipment comprises determining the spectral efficiency associated with the selected user equipment based on a channel quality indicator if the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment is in a first status, for example if the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment is empty.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining a spectral efficiency associated with the selected user equipment comprises determining the spectral efficiency associated with the selected user equipment based on at least one transmission parameter related to a current transmission between the selected user equipment and the remote unit if the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment is in a second status, for example if the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment is not empty. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one transmission parameter comprises at least one among:

- modulation and coding scheme;

- rank indicator,

-signal to noise ratio;

- channel quality indicator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining an average data traffic that the selected user equipment is able to receive comprises determining, at the central unit, the average data traffic according to at least one among:

- modulation and coding scheme;

- rank indicator;

-signal to noise ratio;

- channel quality indicator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said determining an average data traffic that the selected user equipment is able to receive is based on at least one information exchanged between the remote unit and the central unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said at least one information exchanged between the remote unit and the central unit is exchanged periodically.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said at least one information exchanged between the remote unit and the central unit is exchanged aperiodically.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, said at least one information exchanged between the remote unit and the central unit is transmitted by the remote unit to the central unit on central unit request, for example upon reception at the central unit of said data for the selected user equipment, and/or on remote unit initiative, for example when a load condition of the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment reaches a predetermined load condition.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, radio functionalities are split between the central unit and the remote unit according to a functional split option in which, for downlink transmission, radio resource scheduling is performed at the remote unit side and corresponding scheduling decisions are not communicated to the central unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the media access control layer is implemented at the remote unit side.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a base station having a central unit and a remote unit. The remote unit comprises a plurality of remote unit data buffers each one associated with a respective user equipment for temporarily storing data to be transmitted thereto. For each selected user equipment the base station is configured to, in presence of data for the selected user equipment at the central unit:

determine a status of the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment;

determine an average data traffic that the selected user equipment is able to receive;

according to said status of the remote unit data buffer and to said average data traffic, determine a data throughput with which the central unit can transmit said data for the selected user equipment to the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment.

The central unit is configured to transmit said data for the selected user equipment to the remote unit data buffer associated with the selected user equipment according to the determined data throughput.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a mobile network comprising said base station (or more thereof).

A still further aspect of the present invention relates to a computer program product for performing the method of above when the computer program product is run on a computer.

Brief description of the annexed drawings

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent by the following description of some exemplary and non- limitative embodiments thereof. For its better intelligibility, the following description should be read making reference to the attached drawings, wherein: Figure 1 schematically shows a mobile communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention, and

Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a method for computing a data throughput at which data are to be sent to user equipment over a fronthaul link, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention

With reference to the drawings, Figure 1 schematically shows a mobile communication network (hereinafter, mobile network) 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The mobile network 100 allows data to be transmitted between user equipment UE/ (z ^' =l,2,..., I), such as the user equipment UE1-UE5 (1=5), and one or more base stations (also known as "Baseband Unit"), such as the base station BS.

The mobile network 100 is for example compliant with the 3GPP LTE/LTE- Advanced standard.

According to the preferred, not limiting, illustrated embodiment, the mobile network 100 is based on "Centralized Radio Access Network" (CRAN) architecture, wherein each base station BS (or at least one of the base stations of the mobile network 100) comprises a central unit, such as the central unit CU, and one or more remote units (also known as "Remote Radio Head") RU/ associated therewith {e.g., coupled or connected thereto) -7=1,2, J, with J=3 in the example at issue. As illustrated, the central unit CU is preferably connected, on one side, to the remote units RU/ by means of a physical link referred to as fronthaul link FL, and, on the other side, to a core network CN {e.g., by means of a proper wired or wireless link usually referred to as backhaul link). Each remote unit RU/ is configured to transmit data from the central unit CU to plural user equipment UE/ (downlink transmission) and for transmitting data from plural user equipment UE/ to the central unit CU (uplink transmission).

According to the preferred considered embodiment, the mobile network 100 is based on "functional split". According to functional split, radio functionalities are split between the remote units RU/ and the central unit CU in order to reduce bandwidth and latency requirements of the fronthaul link FL and to relegate to the remote units RU/ those radio functionalities that are more challenging in terms of real time constraints.

In the following, functional split options will be assumed in which, for downlink transmission, radio resource scheduling is performed at the remote unit RU/ side and the corresponding scheduling decisions are not communicated to the central unit CU. Particularly, functional split options will be assumed in which at least the MAC layer is implemented at the remote unit RU/ side, which is the worst scenario in terms of congestion over the fronthaul link FL. In fact, considering for example the functional split option in which both the RLC ("Radio Link Control") layer and the PDCP (^'Packet Data Convergence Protocol" layer (above the RLC layer) are at the remote unit RU/ side, when the scheduler in the MAC layer requests to the upper layers to send a certain amount of data, the RLC layer remove from its buffers (referred to as RLC buffers) the requested amount of data; however, due to the absence of buffers in the PDCP layer for the data received from the upper layers (placed at the central unit CU side), the central unit CU sends data towards the remote unit RU/ over the fronthaul link FL without any kind of knowledge regarding the current capability of the remote unit RU/ to correctly forward the data traffic intended for each user equipment UE; attached to it: this might cause congestion issues over the fronthaul link FL and unavoidable packet loss of user equipment UE/.

Back to the figure, each remote unit RU/ (or at least one remote unit RU/) comprises a plurality of (for example, two or more) remote unit data buffers 105/, each one associated with a respective user equipment UE/ (actually served by that remote unit RU/) for temporarily storing data to be transmitted thereto (i.e., in the example at issue, for temporarily storing the downlink data to be sent to the intended user equipment UE/ at a later time). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the remote unit data buffers 105/,/ (or at least a subset thereof) comprise the above-mentioned RLC buffers already foreseen in the LTE/LTE-Advanced standard when splitting takes place at RLC layer or above - however, similar considerations apply to MAC layer if splitting takes place below the RLC layer, for example by exploiting MAC buffers already foreseen in the LTE/LTE-Advanced standard. As visible in the figure, the remote unit data buffers associated with the remote unit RUi are indicated by the references 105i,i-105s,i (meaning that in the illustrative example all the five user equipment UE/ are assumed to be served by the remote unit RUi), whilst the remote unit data buffers associated with the remote units RU2 and RU3 are indicated by the generic references 105/,2 and 105/,3 (meaning that in the illustrative example additional user equipment other than the user equipment UE1-UE5 are assumed to be served by the remote units RU2 and RU3 - in any case, nothing prevents that one or more among the user equipment UE1-UE5 and the additional user equipment are served by two or more remote units RU/).

According to the preferred, not limiting, considered embodiment, the central unit CU comprises a plurality of (for example, two or more) central unit data buffers 110/ each one associated with a respective user equipment UE/ (actually served a remote unit RU/ associated with that central unit CU) for temporarily storing data (coming from the core network CN) to be transmitted to the remote unit data buffer(s) 105/,/ associated with that user equipment UE/ (i.e., in the example at issue, for temporarily storing the downlink data to be sent to the intended user equipment UE/ at a later time). As visible in the figure, the central unit data buffers associated with the remote unit RUi are indicated by the references I IO1-I IO5, therefore in the illustrative example all the five user equipment UE/ are assumed to be served by the central unit CU.

Figure 2 shows, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an activity diagram of a method 200 for arranging data transmission in the mobile network 100, and particularly for determining a data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit, over the fronthaul link F _L , data for a user equipment UE/ to the remote unit data buffer 105y associated with that user equipment UE/ (downlink transmission). Without losing of generality, the operation steps set out at the nodes of method 200 may be implemented by software (in which case, the resulting method 200 would be performed by proper code means included in a computer program, when the program is run on a computer), hardware, and/or a combination thereof. Moreover, those operation steps pertaining to the central CU and remote RU/ units will be assumed to be performed at respective (pre-existing or dedicated) processing units thereof, not shown; these processing units may have, by the physical viewpoint, distributed nature, it being understood that, by the logical viewpoint, they are all part of that central CU and remote RU/ units, wherever (and in whichever way) their physical implementation actually takes place.

According to the principles of the present invention, the method 200 comprises, in presence of data for a considered or intended user equipment UE/ (hereinafter referred to as user data) at the central unit CU:

determining a status of the remote unit data buffer 105y associated with the intended user equipment UE/;

determining an average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to exchange (particularly, the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to receive, in the exemplary scenario of downlink transmission herein considered);

according to the status of the remote unit data buffer 105/,/ and to the average data traffic, determining the data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit the user data to the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/, and

causing the central unit CU to transmit the user data for the intended user equipment UE/ to the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/ according to the determined data throughput.

Preferably, the determining of the status of the remote unit data buffer 105/, , the determining of the average data traffic, the determining of the data throughput and the transmission of the user data according to the determined data throughput are carried out if the user data determine a load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ below a threshold load condition, the threshold load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ being for example associated with a potential congestion of the central unit data buffer 110/ and/or of the backhaul link. Even more preferably, the determining of the status of the remote unit data buffer 105/,/, the determining of the average data traffic, the determining of the data throughput and the transmission of the user data according to the determined data throughput are carried out upon reception at the core network

CN, and hence at the central unit CU, of new data for the intended user equipment UE/ (hereinafter referred to as new user data). This is represented in the figure by nodes 205-220, discussed here below.

Upon availability of new user data at the core network CN (activity node 205), and upon transmission thereof from the core network CN to the central unit CU (action node 210), the central unit CU checks (action node 215) whether the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is below the threshold load condition - in the considered example of reception of new user data, the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ being evaluated by considering the contribution of the new user data and, if provided, of data previously stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ and still waiting to be transmitted (hereinafter referred to as previous user data).

If the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is below the threshold load condition (exit branch Y of the decision node 215), the method 200 carries out the steps for determining the data throughput and for causing the central unit CU to transmit the user data stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ to the remote unit data buffer 105/,/ associated with the same intended user equipment UE/ (see nodes 225-250, discussed in the following).

If the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is above (or at least equal to) the threshold load condition (exit branch N of the decision node 215), meaning that a potential congestion of the central unit data buffer 110/ and/or of the backhaul link could arise with the current load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/, then transmission of the previous user data already stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ is waited (and, preferably, no storing of the new user data into the central unit data buffer 110/ takes place before the previous user data have been at least partially transmitted). This is represented in the figure by loop connection between the exit branch N of the decision node 215 and the input of the same decision node 215.

Preferably, as illustrated, the transmission of the previous user data already stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ is waited for a predetermined waiting period At, the predetermined waiting period At for example starting upon ascertaining that the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE; is above (or at least equal to) the threshold load condition. This is represented, in the figure, by interposition of a decision node 220 between the exit branch N of the decision node 215 and the input of the same decision node 215, at the decision node 220 the central unit CU checking whether the predetermined waiting period At has elapsed: if the predetermined waiting period At has not elapsed yet (exit branch N of the decision node 220), the central unit CU checks again (action node 215) whether the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is below the threshold load condition (as discussed above) - the load condition supposedly lowering at each iteration by virtue of the transmission of the previous user data meanwhile occurring between the central unit data buffer 110/ and the remote unit data buffer(s) 105/, _/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/.

As visible in the figure, if (exit branch Y of the decision node 220) the predetermined waiting period At has elapsed but the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is still above the threshold load condition (or, in alternative embodiments of the present invention, the central unit data buffer 110/ is not empty), e.g. due to unexpected congestion in the mobile network 100, then the method 200 carries out the steps for determining the data throughput and for causing the central unit CU to transmit the (previous) user data stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ to the remote unit data buffer 105y associated with the same intended user equipment UE/ (see nodes 225-250, discussed in the following). In this case, therefore, the data throughput determined in the following nodes 225-250 is primarily aimed at solving the congestion affecting the previous user data.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, no storing of the new user data into the central unit data buffer 110/ takes place before the previous user data have been completely transmitted (central unit data buffer 110/ empty). According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the new user data are progressively stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ as the previous user data are transmitted - preferably, the progressively storing of new user data in the central unit data buffer 110/ still taking place while ensuring that the load condition of the central unit data buffer 110/ does not exceed the threshold load condition. Back to the activity diagram, at nodes 225-250 the method 200 carries out the steps for determining the data throughput and for causing the central unit CU to transmit, according to the determined data throughput, the (previous and/or new) user data stored in the central unit data buffer 110/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ to the remote unit data buffer 105y associated with the same intended user equipment UE/.

As mentioned above, the data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit the user data to the remote unit data buffer 105/, _/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is determined according to the status of the remote unit data buffer 105/, (which is determined / available at the remote unit RU/) and to the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/is able to exchange.

According to two alternative embodiments of the present invention, based on actual computation capabilities of the central CU and remote RU/ units, the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to exchange (and, hence, the data throughput derived from status of the remote unit data buffer 105/, _y and from the average data traffic) may be determined either at the remote unit RU/ side (as exemplarily assumed from now on) or at the central unit CU side.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to exchange is determined, at the remote unit RU/, based on a spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/ (i.e. the information rate, e.g. in terms of Mbps, that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth from the remote unit data buffer 105y to the intended user equipment UE/).

Back to the activity diagram, the central unit CU requests (action node 225) the status of the remote unit data buffer 105y, and the spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is determined (action node 235) based on the CQI ("Channel Quality Indicator") indicator if the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is empty (exit branch Y of decision node 230). In fact, in case that the remote unit data buffer 105y associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is empty, no transmission between the remote unit RUy and the intended user equipment UE/ is taking place, so that the CQI indicator may be regarded as a reliable clue about the radio conditions experienced by the user equipment UE/ and hence about the amount data traffic that, on average, the intended user equipment UE/ is able to receive.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is determined (action node 240) based on at least one transmission parameter related to a current transmission taking place between the intended user equipment UE/ and the remote unit RUy if the remote unit data buffer 105/,/ associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is not empty (exit branch N of decision node 240). In fact, in case that the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/ is not empty, transmission between the remote unit RUy and the intended user equipment UE/ is taking place, so that the transmission parameter(s) may be regarded as the most reliable clue about the amount data traffic that, on average, the intended user equipment UE/ is able to receive. Preferably, the transmission parameter(s) comprise at least one among:

"Modulation and Coding Scheme" (MCS), for example, based on the MCS index value list provided by LTE/LTE-A standard and giving every possible combination of number of spatial streams, modulation type, coding rate;

- a rank indicator indicating the number of layers and the number of different signal streams transmitted in the downlink (for example, the "Rank Indicator" provided by LTE/LTE-A standard);

- a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, i.e. the power of a signal of interest divided by the sum of the interference power (from all the other interfering signals) and the power of a background noise;

- CQI indicator.

Upon determining the spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/ (node 235 or node 240), the remote unit RUy preferably transmits to the central unit CU information about the spectral efficiency (hereinafter, spectral efficiency information) and information about the status of the remote unit data buffer 105/,y (hereinafter, buffer status information), thereafter, according to the spectral efficiency and buffer status information (and, preferably, according also to information related to the other user equipment UE/ associated with the same central unit CU and needing data), the central unit CU determines (action node 245) the data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit (over the fronthaul link FL) the (previous and/or new) user data to the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/. Preferably, the spectral efficiency information comprises an index from a table containing quantized values of spectral efficiency, and the buffer status information comprises an index from a table containing quantized values of the status of the remote unit data buffer 105y.

According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and depending for example on the computation capabilities of the central CU and remote RU/ units, upon determining the spectral efficiency associated with the intended user equipment UE/ (node 235 or node 240) the remote unit RU/ may determine on its own the data throughput (in which case, transmission to the central unit CU of the spectral efficiency and buffer status information may be avoided, with the remote unit RU/ that may instead be configured to transmit to the central unit CU only the information about the determined data throughput).

As mentioned above, based on actual computation capabilities of the central CU and remote RU/ units, the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to exchange (and, hence, the data throughput derived from status of the remote unit data buffer 105/, _y and from the average data traffic) may be determined at the central unit CU side. In this case, the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to exchange may for example be determined, at the central unit CU, based on at least one among the above mentioned transmission parameters. Therefore, upon transmission to the central unit CU of the transmission parameter(s), togeter with the buffer status information, the central unit CU determines the average data traffic that the intended user equipment UE/ is able to receive, and hence the data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit (over the fronthaul link FL) the (previous and/or new) user data to the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/.

In any case, according to alternative embodiments of the present invention, and depending for example on the computation capabilities of the central CU and remote RU/ units, the remote unit RU/ may determine on its own the average data traffic based on the transmission parameter(s) (in which case, transmission to the central unit CU of the transmission parameter(s) may be avoided, with the remote unit RU/ that may instead be configured to transmit to the central unit CU only the information about the determined data throughput).

Preferably, the information exchanged between the remote unit RU/ and the central unit CU for determining the average data traffic (namely, the spectral efficiency information, the buffer status information, the transmission parameter(s)), is exchanged or reported periodically (e.g., during a current data transmission from the central unit CU to the remote unit RU/) - hereinafter, periodic report mode.

Additionally or alternatively, this information can be exchanged or reported aperiodically (hereinafter, aperiodic report mode). According to an embodiment of the present invention, aperiodic report mode takes place according to a request by the central unit CU (e.g. , when new user data are available at the core network CN for the intended user equipment UE; and the respective central unit data buffer 110/ is empty). According to another embodiment of the present invention, aperiodic report mode takes place on remote unit RU/ initiative (for example, when a load condition of the remote unit data buffer 105/, associated with the intended user equipment UE/ reaches a predetermined, e.g. high or low, load condition).

Therefore, according to the present invention, in order to not exceed the data throughput allowed by the remote unit RU/ radio interface (which usually has the most limiting effect as compared to the maximum allowable data throughput of the fronthaul link FL), the central unit CU is configured to assess, on a per-user equipment UE/ basis, both the data throughput with which the central unit CU can transmit the (previous and/or new) user data for the intended user equipment UE/ to the remote unit RU/ and the amount of data to be stored locally into its own central unit data buffer 110/ associated with that intended user equipment UE/. This allows avoiding, or at least reducing to a considerable extent, congestion in the mobile network 100.

Naturally, in order to satisfy local and specific requirements, a person skilled in the art may apply to the present invention many logical and/or physical modifications and alterations. More specifically, although the present invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form and details as well as other embodiments are possible. In particular, different embodiments of the present invention may even be practiced without the specific details set forth in the preceding description for providing a more thorough understanding thereof; on the contrary, well-known features may have been omitted or simplified in order not to encumber the description with unnecessary details. Moreover, it is expressly intended that specific elements and/or method steps described in connection with any disclosed embodiment of the present invention may be incorporated in any other embodiment as a matter of general design choice.

More specifically, the present invention lends itself to be implemented through an equivalent method (by using similar steps, removing some steps being not essential, or adding further optional steps); moreover, the steps may be performed in different order, concurrently or in an interleaved way (at least partly).

Moreover, although explicit reference has been made to a mobile network based on the LTE/LTE-A standard, it should be understood that it is not in the intentions of the Applicant to be limited to the implementation of any particular mobile network architecture or protocol.

Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to substantially all functional split options provided by LTE/LTE-A system which assign to the remote units at least the functionalities that pertains to the MAC layer (e.g., resource scheduling).

Finally, as should be apparent from the previous discussion, the present invention may be beneficial in solving congestion issues deriving from both unacknowledged data traffic, such as UDP ("User Datagram Protocol") data traffic, and acknowledged traffic, such as TCP (^'Transmission Control Protocol") data traffic.