Gasoline engine with two cylinders per each spark plug

2- Technical field

Mechanics (Automotive mechanics)

Inventor: Masoud Yousefi

3- Technical issue and objectives

1- A lot of cars are used everyday throughout the world and billions of liters of gasoline are being consumed. This method is a solution for reducing the cars fuel consumption.

2- In case this engine becomes ubiquitous, given the high daily consumption of gasoline throughout the world, this invention will be having a high contribution in extending the time the world's oil reserves will last.

4- Prior knowledge status

Prior technical knowledge description

1- All modern internal combustion engines follow the same shape and process. This proce ss is such that after the gasoline and air mixture is injected into the engine cylinder, the mixture combusts at a certain time due to the spark plugs which leads to the expansion of the air inside the combustion chamber and the piston located at the bottom of the chamber is driven downward, leading to the movement of the crankshaft. Then, the force is transferred to the gearbox and the wheels and moves the vehicle.

5- Presenting the solution with detailed description of the patent:

Due to the combustion of the gasoline mixture, the air inside the chamber is expanded. The air inside the combustion chamber follows the gas laws i.e. the fluid pressure is applied the same throughout the chamber.

Combustion chamber shape

Upper wall of the combustion chamber,

location of the s ark plug and poppet valve

Chamber wall

Lower wall of the chamber, location of the piston

The ratio of the piston area (effective area) to the total area of the combustion chamber is between 38% and 42% i.e. an average of 40% of the force applied to the chamber area is transformed into mechanical force in the crankshaft.

This ratio (40%) of transformation of the pressure due to the combustion to mechanical force is low. It means that 60% of the pressure applied to the chamber has been transformed into horizontal stresses in fixed surfaces of the chamber instead of being transformed into mechanical energy.

The objective of this patent is to increase the effective area (the area of the piston which transforms the pressure into mechanical energy) which is increased from 42% to 84% in this patent.

Innovative solution for increasing the efficiency:

If one could increase this ratio i.e. increase from 42% to 84%, the amount of pressure transformed into mechanical force is doubled.

1- In tis engine, two cylinders exist per each combustion chamber unlike similar cases in which the internal area of the combustion chambers are at high levels of the cylinder where the spark plug and poppet valves exist. However, in this case, the pistons at the combustion chamber are located facing each other with a small angle. At the upper section of the chamber and in the small existing room, the spark plugs and poppet valves are located.

2- As a result, one spark plug exists per two cylinders and two pistons.

How the process works

The superiority of this engine compared to similar modern engines is that for instance, for the low- consumption engine in our study which has 4 cylinder, when the 2 existing spark plugs perform the combustion operation once and the two crankshaft rotate once, if the generated torque for each crankshaft is T, the total torque of the crankshaft coupled to the gearbox shaft will be 2T. However, in modern engines, when a combustion cycle is finished (assuming the same size and dimensions for the cylinders and the pistons of the low- consumption engine and the existing engines) the obtained torque in the crankshaft will be the same value of T. In other words, the low-consumption engine could generate the same torque with two combustion cycles and half the fuel consumption and half the combustion cycle time as the modern 4-cylinder engines with 4 combustion cycles and twice amount of fuel consumption in one cycle.

Calculations and scientific justification of the process

What happens inside the chamber at the time of combustion is that after the combustion of the gasoline-air mixture, the expansion of the air due to the combustion leads to pressure being applied to the surface of the piston and the walls of the combustion chamber as well as the upper wall of the chamber. Among these pressures, only the pressure applied to the pistons leads to the movement of the crankshaft and the other pressure lead to surface tensions at other parts.

In this design, the effort was to increase the ratio of the area of the moving piston to the other fixed surfaces. With the calculations presented below, as an example for a combustion chamber, one finds that the ratio of the piston area to the total area of the chambers in the currently available engines is 42%. However, in this design (low-consumption engine), this ratio is increased to 84% which leads to a high percentage of the generated energy due to the expansion of the gasoline-air mixture to be transformed into mechanical energy after the combustion and the efficiency to be increased by almost 2 times. In other words, the same efficiency could be achieved in the existing engines with half fuel consumption.

Calculating the ratio of piston area to the total are in modern engines

side area = x x (piston perimeter) = a x (10 x π) = x x 31.4 cm ²

Piston erimeter = L

Side surface of the

chamber

S _b = S _a (The upper surface of the chamber and the surface of the piston are equal) 10 X 10

X 3. 14 = 78. 5 cm

S _t = 188. 4

78. 5

= 42 % (The ratio of the area of the piston to the total area of the chamber)

188. 4

Calculating the ratio of the piston area to the total area in new engine (low-consumption engine)

10 X 3

Upper surface of the piston S, = x 2 = 30

10 x 10

x 3. 14 = 78. 5 cur = 78. 5 x 2 = 157 (We have to piston areas)

157 + 30 = 187

157

R ₂ = 84 % (Ratio of the piston area to the total area of the chamber)

187

Assuming that the obtained force p due to the combustion of the gasoline-air mixture is applied the same to all of the surfaces of the combustion chamber and comparing the above case, one could conclude that in the engine subject to the patent, considering the area of the piston being twice compared to the total area of the chamber and force applied to the piston being equal to the distributed force p multiplied by the piston surface area, the transferred force in the similar conditions in terms of the amount of intake gasoline to the cylinder and the same diameter of the pistons (considered as the basis for our calculations) will generate a twice amount of force. 6- Describing the figures, drawings, and diagrams

The presented figures illustrate the main figures and process of the work which could be used in each engine design to show the force transmission from the two crankshafts to the gearbox shaft through chains or gears and the dimensions are calculated and implemented given the required torque and power of the engine.

- Advantages of the patent The advantages of this engine is that it could obtain the same power as any other engine with half the fuel consumed i.e. the main advantage of this patent is reducing the consumption of the fuel by half the fuel consumed in modern engines and consequently reduce the pollution due to gasoline combustion.

8- Application

In general, all car manufacturers in the world could use this engine as the core of their vehicles. The car manufacturers who want to produce powerful cars, whether Sedans or SUVs or any other city car, could use this engine to reduce their fuel consumption and increase their engine power.

This method could be even used for heavy duty vehicles which require high power.

9- An implementation method for employing the patent:

In order to implement this patent in a 4-cylinder vehicle with specific dimensions of cylinders, the engine should be replaced with a 4-cylinder engine with pistons facing one another. In fact, the width of the engine is changed to the width of a 2-cylinder engine and after calculating the diameter of the gears of the crankshaft and gearbox shaft and determining the dimensions of the engine body, the other components will be placed inside the car given the new shape of the engine. Since the length of the engine is reduced and its width is increased, the configuration of the internal components of the engine is somewhat changed.