Svedberg, Joakim (Sidvallsvägen 25, Frösön, S-832 53, SE)
| 1. | Method for fitting fixtures to the filigree (2) and to cantilevers (4), which are concreted to the filigree once the filigree has been lifted into place in the shell structure, said method being characterized by the following steps: a) setting at least a first anchoring member (8) into the edge section of a filigree (2) when manufacturing the latter, b) when setting it in, arranging the anchoring member (8) with at least a first bracket fixing point (12) for the fitting of a fixing bracket (16) for the fixture towards the edge (7) of the filigree in such a way that the interface (14) between the fastening member (8) and the fixing bracket (16) is arranged flush with the edge (7) of the filigree, the fixing bracket having a suspension part (17) with at least a first suspension point (18, 20), c) fitting the fixing bracket (16) by connecting at least the first suspension point (18, 20) thereof to at least the first bracket fixing point (12) on the anchoring member (8), d) arranging a second anchoring member (22) with a stay fixing point (23) in the filigree at a specific distance (A) from the first anchoring member (8), e) arranging at least one second suspension point (18, 20) on the suspension part (17) of the fixing bracket (16) at a specific reciprocal distance (B) from the first suspension point (18, 20), f) connecting the second suspension point (18, 20) to the stay fixing point (23) by means of a stay (24). |
| 2. | Method according to Claim 1, characterized by the following step: g) arranging a fixing element (34) which is coordinated with a first anchoring member (8) and which has an interface part (36) with the first bracket fixing point (12) and a second bracket fixing point (28) arranged at the distance (B) therefrom. |
| 3. | Method according to Claim 1, characterized by the following step: h) arranging the fixing element (34) as a part (38) integrally formed by an inset part (40) comprising the first anchoring member (8), which extends a specific distance (B) therefrom and the interface part (36) with the first bracket fixing point (12) and a second bracket fixing point (28) arranged at the distance (A) therefrom. |
| 4. | Method according to Claim 3, characterized by the following step: i) arranging a stiffening part (42), which extends between a free end of the inset part (40) and the interface part (36) close to the second bracket fixing point (28). |
| 5. | Method according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized by the following step: j) the fixing bracket (16) is joined to the fixing element (34) in that each suspension point (18, 20) is where appropriate connected to the corresponding bracket fixing point (12, 28) by means of a fastener (44). |
| 6. | Method according to any one of Claims 35, characterized by the following step: k) use of a shuttering (37) coordinated with the interface part (36) of the fixing element (34), the fasteners (44) for each bracket fixing point (12, 28) being fitted directly to the shuttering (37).. |
| 7. | Method according to any one of Claims 35, characterized by the following step: 1) use of the interface part (36) of the fixing element for fitting both the fasteners (44) for each bracket fixing point (12, 28) and a shuttering (37) coordinated with the interface part of the fixing element (34). |
| 8. | Method according to any one of Claims 35, characterized by the following step: m) use of a shuttering (37) situated on the filigree (2), the interface part (36) of the fixing element (34) being fitted directly to the shuttering (37) by the fasteners (44) for each bracket fixing point (12, 28). |
| 9. | Method according to any one of Claims 58, characterized by the following step: n) that the fasteners (44) comprise a male part and female part that can be inserted into the former. |
| 10. | Method according to Claim 9, characterized by the following step: o) that the fasteners (44) take the form of bolted joints. |
| 11. | Method according to Claim 9, characterized by the following step: p) that the male part and the female part are firmly locked together by means of a cotter pin. |
| 12. | Method according to Claim 9, characterized by the following step: q) that the fasteners are formed as hooked locks each having a female part arranged in bracket fixing points (12, 28) of the interface part (36) and a male part arranged as a hook in each suspension point (18, 20) of the fixing bracket (16). |
| 13. | Method according to Claim 9, characterized by the following step: r) that each fastener (44) is arranged with its axis line parallel to the extent of the filigree (2). |
| 14. | Method according to Claim 9, characterized by the following step: s) that each fastener (44) is arranged with its axis line sloping downwards in a direction through the fixing bracket (16) and the interface part (36) of the fixing element towards the extent of the filigree (2). |
| 15. | Method according to any one of Claims 114, characterized by the following step: t) arranging the stay fixing point (23) by means of reinforcing bars forming part of the ordinary reinforcement (9') of the filigree (2). |
The invention relates to a method for fitting fixtures to the filigree and to cantilevers, of the type specified in the precharacterizing part of the independent claim. Fitting protective rails, working platforms and the like on construction sites in order, among other things, to prevent persons, building material or tools falling down whilst work is in progress on the shells of buildings is already known. Different construction methods call for different types of fixings.
A common method in structures with yokes is to allow these to protrude outside the filigree, making it possible to anchor working and protective fixtures to the yokes. In many cases a wall is fitted or is to be fitted, towards the cantilever edge and it is then not possible to allow the yokes to protrude.
Where a wall is fitted below the filigree the fixtures can obviously be fitted to the wall.
According to another method a load-bearing arrangement in the form of beams, for example, may be fitted to the underside of the filigree in such a way that the beams protrude beyond the edge of the filigree and may function as anchorage. This does not work either if there is a wall in the way. Furthermore holes must be made on the underside of the filigree for fitting the beams, which is not desirable in view of the fact that the underside has already been designed with a "ready-finished surface" at the factory.
It is important that protective railings are fitted around the edges of each floor and throughout the entire construction period, that is to say both when the
fϊligree is fitted in place and work is being carried out on this, such as reinforcement work, and during subsequent pouring and when the cantilever is finished and the walls are to be fitted. It is desirable to have the facility for fitting the necessary protective railings at ground level before the filigree is lifted into place in the shell structure.
A known attachment for fitting protective railings is described in Swedish patent 9604450-8 (508 956), which has the same inventor and applicant as the present invention. The attachment is intended for setting into a filigree at the factory and has a tube which is firmly welded to a plate and is braced in relation to the plate by a stay. The tube is provided with an extension sleeve and the attachment has openings between the plate and the tube to allow concrete to penetrate in manufacturing of the filigree.
This attachment is set in a short distance inside the edge of the filigree and on top of the latter, so that the tube with extension sleeve sticks up some distance inside both the filigree edge and the cantilever edge of the finished cantilever. A protective railing fitted by means of the attachment will thereby also come a short distance in on the cantilever, which may mean that the protective railing will get in the way of work that is to be carried out at the edge of the cantilever. In such cases the railing has to be removed or the work has to be carried out through said railing, which carries inherent safety risks. The railing may then also constitute a certain obstacle to the actual task of placing concrete, especially to removing and smoothing work. Problems can also arise in fitting a toe board or a continuous railing which extends down to the opposing cantilever, when placing is to be performed.
After setting in, the attachment with tube and extension sleeve is firmly set
into the finished cantilever, where it will remain for some considerable time and may constitute an obstacle, for example, to the fitting of walls etc.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved method and arrangement for the fitting of working and protective fixtures to filigree or cantilevers, so that the proven disadvantages inherent in the prior art may be reduced or largely eliminated.
This is possible by means of a method having the characteristic features set forth in the independent claim. Advantageous further developments and enhancements of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings attached. In the various embodiments identical parts preferably have the same reference numerals. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an arrangement for fitting fixtures to the edge section of a filigree, Fig. 2 shows a fixing element according to a second embodiment of the arrangement in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows third and fourth embodiments of the fixing element according to Fig. 2 with a shuttering fitted.
Prefabricated filigrees 2 are conventionally used for poured-in-place cantilevers 4, which are concreted to with the filigree once the filigree has been lifted into place in the shell structure. In producing a filigree 2 at least a first anchoring member 8, for fitting fixtures to or outside the edge 7 of the filigree 2, can advantageously be set into the edge section thereof.
For this purpose, according to a first embodiment the first anchoring member 8 is anchored in the known way to the ordinary reinforcement 9 in the filigree
which is to be cast on a casting table, for example. The first anchoring member 8 may be designed with an angular projection 10, in order to improve the anchorage to the reinforcement 9 and in particular to the concrete after casting. The first anchoring member 8 furthermore has a first bracket fixing point 12, which is situated at the interface 14 between the first anchoring member 8 and a fixing bracket 16 for fixtures, the interface 14 by means of the first anchoring member 8 being arranged flush with the edge 7 of the filigree. The fixing bracket 16 may be designed to support various types of fixtures and has a suspension part 17 with a first suspension point 18 and second suspension point 20 separated at a specific distance (A) from one another.
A second anchoring member 22 may be arranged at a specific distance (B) from the first anchoring member 8 (the interface 14) and likewise anchored in a known manner to the ordinary reinforcement in the filigree that is to be cast. The second anchoring member 22 may be co-ordinated with a stay fixing point 23, in the form of a first fixing loop 23, for example, and may in a known manner be clamped firmly to the reinforcement 9' or, for example, hooked under the latter in order to improve the anchorage thereto and hence also to the concrete after pouring.
A stay 24 is provided at one end with a hook 26 for hooking to the first fixing loop 23 and is designed to be connected by the other end to the second suspension point 20 of the fixing bracket 16, either directly or by way of a third anchoring member 27, which is provided with a second bracket fixing point 28. For this purpose the second end of the stay 24 may be provided with a hook 30, for hooking to a second fixing loop 32 on the third anchoring member 27 or directly to the fixing bracket 16 at the second suspension point 20. Alternatively, the second anchoring member 22, as can best be seen from
Fig. 2, may consist solely of the stay hook 26, which may be hooked under the reinforcement 9', for example, and/or firmly clamped thereto in a known manner. When the cantilever 4 is poured in place the third anchoring member 27 may likewise be anchored in a known manner to the ordinary reinforcement (not shown) in the cantilever that is to be cast.
The filigree 2 with the parts for fitting fixtures, which have been described above and which are to be set therein, is prefabricated at the factory, whilst other parts can be fitted at any time before the cantilever 4 is placed.
According to a second embodiment of the invention the first anchoring member 8 and the third anchoring member 27 are fitted to an elongated fixing element 34, with a reciprocal distance between the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second bracket fixing point 28 equal to the distance (A) between the suspension points 18, 20 of the fixing bracket. An interface part 36 of the fixing element 34 is formed adjacent to the bracket fixing points 12, 28.
The fixing element 34 is arranged with the interface part 36 flush with the edge 7 of the filigree and the first anchoring member 8 is anchored in the same way as in the first embodiment to the ordinary reinforcement 9. The fixing element 34 is then arranged in such a way that it extends from the first anchoring member 8 and upwards across the edge 7 of the filigree with the third anchoring member 27 on top of the edge section of the filigree 2. The interface part 36 with the bracket fixing points 12, 28 then lies at the interface 14 to the suspension part 17 of the fixing bracket 16.
The fixing element 34 can be stayed as in the first embodiment or by connecting a second anchoring member, which consists of the hook 26' of a
stay 24', to the third anchoring member 27 by means of the stay 24'. The fixing element 34 and the stay 24' can be seen from Fig. 2. According to this embodiment it is thereby possible to prefabricate a filigree 2 with both the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second bracket fixing point 28 firmly anchored in the correct positions for fitting the suspension part 17 of a fixing bracket 16.
In order to define the position of the edge 7 of the filigree when casting, a shuttering 37 may be arranged as termination of the casting table or casting mould, thereby forming the edge of the filigree against the shuttering 37. In such a case the shuttering 37 is fixed to the first anchoring member 8 and the third anchoring member 27 or to the fixing element 34 by means of the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second bracket fixing point 28, which are then separated by the same distance (A) from one another as the first suspension point 18 and the second suspension point 20 of the fixing bracket 16, or the shuttering is alternatively provided with indentations corresponding to each suspension point. The shuttering 37 can then either be set firmly in the edge section of the filigree 2 or can also be fitted by way of the respective indentation to the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second bracket fixing point 28 when placing the concrete for the cantilever.
According to a third embodiment of the invention a variable angle attachment 38 can be formed, preferably in one piece, by providing the fixing element 34 according to Fig. 2 with an inset part 40. The inset part emerges from near the position in which the first anchoring member 8 is fixed to the fixing element 34 and extends basically at right angles thereto, for a distance at least equal to the distance (B) according to the embodiments previously described. The variable angle attachment 38 is also anchored by means of the inset part 40 to the reinforcement prior to casting of the filigree 2 in the same way as
previously described. In order to achieve the necessary rigidity, the variable angle attachment 38 should be manufactured, for example, from relatively strong flat bar steel, which may have a thickness of at least 10 mm and/or be of a U 5 T or L-shaped profile
According to a fourth embodiment of the invention the variable angle attachment 38 may be further reinforced by a stiffening part 42, which preferably is likewise integrally formed with the variable angle attachment and may be of the same or a similar material. The stiffening part 42 extends from the free end of the inset part 40 to the third anchoring member 27 on the fixing element 34. The stiffening part 42 significantly reduces the material required for the variable angle attachment. The variable angle attachment 38 shown in Fig. 3 is connected to the shuttering 37 described above by means of fasteners 44 in the form of bolted joints of conventional type. The shuttering can thereby be fitted either at the factory or on site. The fasteners can also be released for the fitting of fixtures by means of the suspension part 17 of the fixing bracket and can then be refitted through the first suspension point 18 and the second suspension point 20 thereof.
Apart from bolted joints the fasteners 44 may also consist of other conventional fasteners such as male parts, which are fitted into corresponding female parts and can be locked to one another by means of a cotter pin, for example. The fasteners 44 may also take the form of hooked locks having a hook as male part for engagement in a female part. Finally according to a variant each fastener 44 may be arranged with its axis line parallel to the extent of the filigree 2. According to a further preferred variant each fastener 44 may be arranged with its axis line sloping downwards in a direction through the fixing bracket 16 and the interface part 36 of the fixing element towards extent
of the filigree 2. In the latter case the suspension part 17 of the fixing bracket 16 can be anchored to the fixing element 34 under the * effect of gravity acting between the interacting male and female parts.
The parts in all the embodiments described may take the form of profiles such as flats, U, T or L-shaped profiles or of round or oval tubes or rectangular tubes of suitable materials, such as steel, aluminium, plastic etc. A person skilled in the art will obviously appreciate that the dimensions of the parts, as well as the profiles used, depend on the fixtures that are to be fitted to the edge of the filigree, in other words the loading and the forces to be absorbed thereby via the bracket fixing points. The following values are therefore given only as examples: the distance (A), that is to say the distance between the first suspension point 18 and the second suspension point 20 of the fixing bracket, which corresponds to the distance between the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second bracket fixing point 28, may normally, according to tests carried out, preferably lie in an interval from 100 to 150 mm. The distance (B), that is to say the distance between the first anchoring member 8 with the first bracket fixing point 12 and the second anchoring member 22, 26' with the stay fixing point 23 may then normally likewise preferably lie in an interval from 150 to 300 mm.