GEMINAL SUBSTITUTED QUINUCLIDINE AMIDE COMPOUNDS AS AGONISTS OF ALPHA-7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/092,702, filed December 16, 2014, and from U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/167,706, filed May 28, 2015. Each of the foregoing related applications, in their entirety, are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to novel geminal substituted quinuclidine amide compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions of the same, that are suitable as agonists or partial agonists of a7-nAChR, and methods of preparing these compounds and compositions, and the use of these compounds and compositions in methods of maintaining, treating and/or improving cognitive function. In particular, methods of administering the compound or composition to a patient in need thereof, for example a patient with a cognitive deficiency and/or a desire to enhance cognitive function, that may derive a benefit therefrom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The prevalence of cognitive disease, for example dementia in North America, is approximately 6 to 10% of the population, with Alzheimer's disease accounting for a substantial portion of these cases. Many forms of cognitive disease represent a steadily growing medical and social problem of our aging societies around the World. Some believe the main pathological features may relate to intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, formation of amyloid beta plaques and/or neurodegeneration of mainly cholinergic and, in later stages, also serotonergic, noradrenergic, and other neurons, resulting in deficiencies of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters. Some theories suggest that the gradual development of an acetylcholine signaling deficiency may be responsible for the early clinical manifestations of cognitive disease. Consequently, some believe that compounds that improve cholinergic functioning, such as acetylcholine esterase inhibitors may ameliorate the cognitive deficits in patients with cognitive disease. The most widely used acetylcholine esterase inhibitor is donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept ^® ).

[0004| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) form a large family of ion channels which are activated by the messenger acetylcholine which is produced in the body (Galzi and Changeux, Neuropharmacol. 1995, 34, 563-582). A functional nAChR consists of five subunits which may be different (certain combinations of al -9 and β1 -4,γ,δ,ε subunits) or identical (a7-9). This leads to the formation of a diversity of subtypes which differ in the distribution in the muscles, the nervous system l and other organs (McGehee and Role, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1995, 57, 521-546). Activation of nAChR leads to influx of cations into the cell and to stimulation of nerve cells or muscle cells. Selective activation of individual nAChR subtypes restricts this stimulation to the cell types which have a corresponding subtype and is thus able to avoid unwanted side effects such as, for example, stimulation of nAChR in the muscles. Clinical experiments with nicotine and experiments in various animal models indicate that central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in learning and memory processes (e.g. Rezvani and Levin, Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 49, 258-267). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the alpha7 subtype (a7 nAChR) have a particularly high concentration in regions of the brain which are important for learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex (Seguela et al., J. Neurosci. 1993, 13, 596-604). The al nAChR has a particularly high permeability for calcium ions, modulates neurotransmission, influences the growth of axons and, in this way, modulates neuronal plasticity (Broide and Leslie, Mol. Neurobiol. 1999, 20, 1-16).

[0005] WO 2003/055878 describes a variety of agonists of the alpha7 nAChR said to be useful for improving cognition. WO 2003/055878 suggests that certain agonists of the alpha7 nAChR are useful for improving perception, concentration, learning or memory, especially after cognitive impairments like those occurring for example in situations/diseases/syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment, age-associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and certain other cognitive disorders.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] An aspect of the invention provides a geminal substituted quinuclidine amide compound represented by Formula (I):

wherein:

R ¹ and R ² independently represent a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; or the C(R ^: )(R ² ) moiety forms a (3-4 membered)-carbocycle, wherein R ¹ and R ² taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical; wherein the Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, CH ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , =0, -OR ³ , or -OCF ₃ ;

R ³ independently represents -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, =0, -OH, -OC1-C4 alkyl or -OCF ₃ ; and

represents a moiety represented by ring system M-I, M-II, M-III, M-IV,

wherein:

Z , Z , Z , Z , and Z independently represent N or CR ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z\ Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ are N;

independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ; - N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; or when adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) may form a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di- radical with at least one ring atom of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di- radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, with the proviso that when the at least one ring atom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with -H, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, -(CO)-branched or unbranched Ci- C ₄ -alkyl, or -(S0 ₂ )-branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl, wherein the Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, halogen, =0, -OH, -OCi-C ₄ - alkyl or -OCF ₃ , and with the further proviso that when the at least one ring atom is sulfur, the sulfur may substituted with 0 or 2 =0; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, the heteroaryl radical, and the alkyl portion of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical, may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched d- C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl

radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent N or CR ⁷ ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ are N;

R ⁷ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁸ ; -

N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, - Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2j -OR ⁸ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁸ , -N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ - hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ⁸ and R ⁹ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁸ and R ⁹ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ¹ independently represents N or C;

A ¹ , A ² , A ³ and A ⁴ independently represent N; NR ¹⁰ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁰ ; O; S; or CR ¹¹ ; with the

1 2 3 4· 10

proviso that only one A , A , A and A is NR , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ¹ is N, then A ¹ , A ² , and A ³ independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ;

R ¹⁰ independently represents -H; -D; -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -

(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); a d-Cg-alkyl radical; a d-Cg-haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ - C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO _¾ -OR ¹² , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² , -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹³ , -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -

N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² ; -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; - (CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched d-Cg-alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹² and R ¹³ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹² and R ¹³ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ² independently represents N or C;

A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N; NR ¹⁴ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ ; O; S; or CR ¹⁵ ; with the proviso that only one A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ is NR ¹⁴ , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ² is N, then A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ ;

R ¹⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -

(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); a d-Cg-alkyl radical; a d-C ₆ - haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ¹⁶ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ , -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl;

R ¹⁵ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -

N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ ; -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; - (CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched d-Cg-alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ); N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ ; O; S; S0 ₂ ; or

(C=0); with the proviso that no more than two of G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ represent N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ , O; S; S0 ₂ ; or (C=0);

R ¹⁸ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁹ ; -

N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO _¾ -OR ¹⁹ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁹ , -N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; and

R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical; or the C(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ - C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

m independently represents an integer from 1 to 6;

or a single stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0007] An aspect of the invention provides a geminal substituted quinuclidine amide compound represented by Formula (I): independently represent a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; or the C R^XR ² ) moiety forms a (3-4 membered)-carbocycle, wherein R ¹ and R ² taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical; wherein the Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, CH ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₃ , =0, -OR ³ , or -OCF ₃ ;

independently represents -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, =0, -OH, -OC ₁ -C4- alkyl or -OCF ₃ ;

represents a moiety represented by ring system M-I, M-II, M-III, M-IV,

Z , Z , Z , Z , and Z independently represent N or CR ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ are N;

R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁵ ; -

N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, - Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2, -OR ⁵ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ - hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent N or CR ⁷ ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ are N;

R ⁷ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁸ ; -

N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, - Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2j -OR ⁸ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁸ , -N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ - hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ⁸ and R ⁹ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁸ and R ⁹ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ¹ independently represents N or C;

A ¹ , A ² , A ³ and A ⁴ independently represent N; NR ¹⁰ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁰ ; O; S; or CR ¹¹ ; with the

1 2 3 4· 10

proviso that only one A , A , A and A is NR , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ¹ is N, then A ¹ , A ² , and A ³ independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ;

R ¹⁰ independently represents -H; -D; -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -

(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); a d-Cg-alkyl radical; a d-Cg-haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ - C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO _¾ -OR ¹² , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² , -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹³ , -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -

N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² ; -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; - (CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched d-Cg-alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹² and R ¹³ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹² and R ¹³ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ² independently represents N or C;

A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N; NR ¹⁴ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ ; O; S; or CR ¹⁵ ; with the proviso that only one A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ is NR ¹⁴ , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ² is N, then A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ ;

R ¹⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -

(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); a d-d-alkyl radical; a d-C ₆ - haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ¹⁶ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ , -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl;

R ¹⁵ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -

N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ ; -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; - (CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ); N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ ; O; S; S0 ₂ ; or

(C=0); with the proviso that no more than two of G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ represent N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ , O; S; S0 ₂ ; or (C=0);

R ¹⁸ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁹ ; -

N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO _¾ -OR ¹⁹ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁹ , -N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; and

R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical; or the C(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ - C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

m independently represents an integer from 1 to 6;

or a single stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0008] An aspect of the invention relates to the amide compound represented by Formula (I), wherein R ¹ and R ² independently represent an unbranched Ci-alkyl radical and said compound is represented by Formula (II):

[0009] An aspect of the invention relates to an amide compound represented by Formula (I), wherein R ¹ and R ² taken together represent a C ₂ -alkyl di-radical and said compound is represented by Formula (III):

[0010] An aspect of the invention relates to a single stereoisomer of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0011] An aspect of the invention relates to a single enantiomer or a single diastereomer of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0012] An aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0013] An aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0014] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0015] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of maintaining, treating, curing and/or improving at least one cognitive function in a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0016] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of maintaining, treating, curing and/or improving at least one cognitive function in a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0017] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient diagnosed as having a cognitive impairment, comprising: administering to the an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0018] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient, for example, a patient diagnosed with having a cognitive impairment, Limited Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and/or schizophrenia, an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; such that the patient may derive a benefit therefrom.

[0019] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive impairment, comprising administering to a patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein the patient suffers from, or has been diagnosed as having, a cognitive impairment.

[0020] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of improving cognition of a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0021] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of improving cognition in a patient suffering from a cognitive impairment, such as a cognitive impairment associated with either schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease, for example mild Alzheimer's disease, moderate Alzheimer's disease, severe Alzheimer's disease, or mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, comprising

administering an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0022] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from, diagnosed with having, or suffers from one or more symptoms associated with, a cognitive impairment, for example, Alzheimer's disease, dementia of an Alzheimer's type, MCI, LCI, or schizophrenia, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. For example, the method of treating a patient suffering from, diagnosed with having, or suffers from one or more symptoms associated with, a cognitive impairment, may provide said patient at least one of the following: (i) treats, minimizes progression of, prevents the deterioration of, or reduces the rate of detioraration of, one or more symptoms associated with the cognitive impairment; (ii) treats the cognitive impairment; (iii) improves cognition in said cognitively impaired patient; (iv) improves one or more behavioral symptoms associated with the cognitive impairment; (v) provides a pro-cognitive effect; (vi) provides a pro-cognitive effect in at least one of the following: visual motor, learning, delayed memory, or executive function, or (vii) provides a positive effect on clinical function in said cognitively impaired patient.

[0023] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient previously treated, or currently being treated, with an AChEI, that is suffering from, or has been diagnosed with having, a cognitive impairment, for example, Alzheimer's disease, dementia of an Alzheimer's type, MCI, LCI, or schizophrenia, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluents; wherein the method improves one or more symptoms associated with the cognitive impairment in the previously, or currently, AChEI treated patient.

[0024] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from, or diagnosed with having a cognitive impairment, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein the method provides a positive effect on cognition or a positive effect on clinical function in said cognitively impaired patient, and wherein said patient has been previously treated or is currently being treated with an AChEI.

[0025] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of improving cognition in a patient diagnosed as having a probable cognitive disease, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula

(II) , or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0026] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of improving or substantially improving one or more symptoms in a cognitve disease patient, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula

(III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0027] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of slowing the rate of deterioration of at least one symptom in a cognitve disease patient, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient the pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0028] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive disease in a patient suffering therefrom, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent

[0029] Another aspect provides a method of minimizing or substantially halting the rate of progression of one or more cognitive diseases in a patient suffering from a cognitive disease, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0030] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of substantially stopping or reversing progression of one or more cognitive diseases, in a patient suffering therefrom, comprising:

administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0031] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the effective amount of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein said effective amount is administered in an effective dose.

[0032] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0033] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[0034] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet.

[0035] Another aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a patient having a cognitive disease and being administered an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient an effective dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein the treatment comprises halting the administration of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor prior to treating with the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 : Illustrates a 3-D representation of the formed crystal of (i?)-2,2-dimethyl-N- ((R)- 1 -phenylethyl)quinuclidin-3 -amine fumarate .

[0037] Figure 2: Illustrates a 3-D representation of the formed crystal of (i?)-N-((i?)-l - phenylethyl)-r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-amine bis(4- methylbenzenesulfonate) .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] An embodiment of the present invention provides a geminal substituted quinuclidine amide compound represented by Formula (I):

C ¹ )

wherein:

R ¹ and R ² independently represent a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; or the C(R ^: )(R ² ) moiety forms a (3-4 membered)-carbocycle, wherein R ¹ and R ² taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical; wherein the Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₂ -C ₃ -alkyl di-radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, CH ₃ ,

CH ₂ CH ₃ , =0, -OR ³ , or -OCF ₃ ; independently represents -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, =0, -OH, -OCi-C - alkyl or -OCF ₃ ; and

represents a moiety represented by ring system M-I, M-II, M-III, M-IV,

wherein:

Z , Z , Z , Z , and Z independently represent N or CR ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ are N;

R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁵ ; -

N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; or when adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) may form a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di- radical with at least one ring atom of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di- radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, with the proviso that when the at least one ring atom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with -H, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, -(CO)-branched or unbranched Ci- C ₄ -alkyl, or -(S0 ₂ )-branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl, wherein the Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, halogen, =0, -OH, -OCi-C - alkyl or -OCF ₃ , and with the further proviso that when the at least one ring atom is sulfur, the sulfur may substituted with 0 or 2 =0; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, the heteroaryl radical, and the alkyl portion of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical, may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched d- C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent N or CR ⁷ ; with the proviso that no more than two of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ are N;

R ⁷ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁸ ; -

N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ ; -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, - Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2j -OR ⁸ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁸ , -N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁸ , -(CO)N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ - hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ⁸ and R ⁹ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ⁸ )(R ⁹ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ⁸ and R ⁹ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ¹ independently represents N or C;

A ¹ , A ² , A ³ and A ⁴ independently represent N; NR ¹⁰ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁰ ; O; S; or CR ¹¹ ; with the

1 2 3 4· 10

proviso that only one A , A , A and A is NR , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ¹ is N, then A ¹ , A ² , and A ³ independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ;

R ¹⁰ independently represents -H; -D; -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -

(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); a d-d-alkyl radical; a d-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ - C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2, -OR , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² , -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹³ , -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -

N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹² ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² ; -N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹² ; - (CO)N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched d-Cg-alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹² and R ¹³ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹² )(R ¹³ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹² and R ¹³ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

X ² independently represents N or C;

A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N; NR ¹⁴ ; N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ ; O; S; or CR ¹⁵ ; with the proviso that only one A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ is NR ¹⁴ , O, or S; with the further proviso that when X ² is N, then A ⁵ , A ⁶ , and A ⁷ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ ;

R ¹⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -

(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); a d-Cg-alkyl radical; a d-C ₆ - haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)- heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered) -heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ¹⁶ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ , -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl;

R ¹⁵ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -

N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; a heteroaryl radical; or the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁶ ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁶ ; -N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁶ ; - (CO)N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ); -OCF ₃ ; a branched or unbranched d-Cg-alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical;

R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁶ )(R ¹⁷ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ); N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ ; O; S; S0 ₂ ; or

(C=0); with the proviso that no more than two of G ¹ , G ² , G ³ , and G ⁴ represent N(R ¹⁹ ); -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ , O; S; S0 ₂ ; or (C=0);

R ¹⁸ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ¹⁹ ; -

N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ ; -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ); - OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; an aryl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, the aryl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: - D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO _¾ -OR ¹⁹ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹⁹ , -N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁹ , -(CO)N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; and

R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl

radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or the N(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl di- radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical; or the C(R ¹⁹ )(R ²⁰ ) moiety forms a cycle, wherein R ¹⁹ and R ²⁰ taken together represent a C ₂ - C ₆ -alkyl di-radical or a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical;

m independently represents an integer from 1 to 6;

or a single stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. [0039] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein, for example, the Z ¹ represents N, and Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ each independently represent CR ⁴ ; Z ² represents N, and Z ¹ , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ each independently represent CR 4 ; Z 3 represents N, and Z 1 , Z2 , Z 4 , and Z 5 each independently represent

CR 4 ; Z 1 and Z2 each represent N, and Z 3 , Z4 , and Z5 each independently represent CR 4 ; Z1 and Z3 each represent N, and Z ² , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ each independently represent CR ⁴ ; Z ¹ and Z ⁴ each represent N, and Z ² ,

Z 3 , and Z5 each independently represent CR 4 ; Z1 and Z5 each represent N, and Z 2 , Z3 , and Z4 each independently represent CR 4 ; Z 2 and Z 3 each represent N, and Z 1 , Z 4 , and Z 5 each independently represent CR ⁴ ; or Z ² and Z ⁴ each represent N, and Z ¹ , Z ³ , and Z ⁵ each independently represent CR ⁴ .

[0040] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein at least one or two of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; - N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁵ ; -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; or a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical and the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), - OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical.

[0041] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein the at least one or two of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -F; -CI; -Br; -I; or -CN.

[0042] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein the at least one or two of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing an aryl radical or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the aryl radical and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), - (CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical.

[0043] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , each independently represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; - OCH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₃ -haloalkyl radical. For example, in certain embodiments, Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ independently represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -H or -D; and Z ³ independently represents CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; - OCH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₃ -haloalkyl radical.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ independently represent CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -H or -D; and Z ³ independently represents CR ⁴ with said R ⁴ representing -CI; -OCH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ - C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein X ¹ represents C. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by one of the fo

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ , and A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein either Z ⁶ or Z ⁷ represents CR ⁷ with said R ⁷ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety, or wherein either Z ⁸ or Z ⁹ represents CR ⁷ with said R ⁷ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety.

[0046] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II with X ¹ representing C, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ represent CR ⁷ , with one of said R ⁷ of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety. [0047] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I),

(II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-1 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁷ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-1, wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S, such as wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , for example A ¹ and A ² independently represent wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H, -F, -CI, a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, -CF ₃ , or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, and A ³ represents O; or wherein A ¹ represents N and A ² represents CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S.

[0048] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-2 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁸ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-2, wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S, such as wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , for example A ¹ and A ² independently represent wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H, -F, -CI, -Br, -CN, -OR ¹² , -OCF ₃ , a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, -CF ₃ , or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; or

1 2 11 3 10

wherein A represents N and A represents CR , and A represents NR , O, or S.

[0049] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II with X ¹ representing C, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by: wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and

Z 7 , Z 8 , and Z 9 independently represent CR 7 , with one of said R 7 of Z7 , Z8 , and Z9 representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety.

[0050] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-3 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁷ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and Z ⁸ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-3, wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S; or wherein A 1 represents N and A 2 represents CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S.

[0051] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I),

(II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-4 with

X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁸ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁷ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-4, wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; or wherein A ¹ represents N and A ² represents CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S.

[0052] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II with X ¹ representing C, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by:

wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ , with one of said R ⁷ of Z ⁶ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety. [0053] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-5 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁸ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and Z ⁶ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-5, wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S; or wherein A 1 represents N and A 2 represents CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S.

[0054] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II with X ¹ representing C, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ , with one of said R ⁷ of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety.

[0055] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-6 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁷ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and Z ⁶ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-6, wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , for example, wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H, -F, -CI, -OCF ₃ , a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, -CF ₃ , or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, such as wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H, and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S, for example, wherein A ³ represents O; or wherein A ¹ represents N and A ² represents CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S. [0056] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II with X ¹ representing C, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁸ independently represent CR ⁷ , with one of said R ⁷ of Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁸ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety.

[0057] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-7 with X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁷ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent N or CR 11 ; A3 independently represents NR 10 , O, or S; and Z ⁶ and Z ⁸ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-7, wherein A 1 and A2 independently represent CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S; or wherein A 1 represents N and A 2 represents CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S.

[0058] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I),

(II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-8 with

X ¹ representing C, said R ⁷ of Z ⁸ represents the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; A ³ independently represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; and Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II-8, wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ , and A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ , O, or S; or wherein A 1 represents N and A 2 represents CR 11 , and A3 represents NR 10 , O, or S.

[0059] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I),

(II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by any one of ring systems M- II-l to M-II-8, wherein R ⁷ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -OR ⁸ ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, - N0 _2j -OR ⁸ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁸ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; for example, wherein R ⁷ independently represents -H or -D.

[0060] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by any one of ring systems M- II-l to M-II-8, wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -OR ¹² ; - (CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical; a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; or a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; for example, wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -OR ¹² ; -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ¹² ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; or a Ci-C ₂ -haloalkyl radical; for example, wherein R ¹¹ independently represents -H; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; -CN; -OR ¹² ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ -C ₄ - cycloalkyl radical.

[0061] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by any one of ring systems M- II- 1 to M-II-8, wherein R ¹² independently represents -H, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, or a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein X ¹ represents N. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by one of the

wherein A ¹ , A ² , and A3, independently represent N or CR ¹¹ . In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein A ¹ independently represents CR ¹¹ ; and A ² and A ³ independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; for example, wherein A ² independently represents CR ¹¹ ; and

A 1 and A3 independently represent N or CR 11 ; for example, wherein A 3 independently represents CR 10 ; and A ¹ and A ² independently represent N or CR ¹¹ ; or in certain embodiments, for example, wherein each of A ¹ , A ² , and A ³ , represents N. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein either Z ⁶ or Z ⁷ represents CR ⁷ with said R ⁷ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety, or wherein either Z ⁸ or Z ⁹ represents CR ⁷ with said R ⁷ representing the bond directly attaching the W moiety with the carbonyl moiety.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-III. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-III, wherein M-III represents a moiety represented by one of the following ring systems:

[0064] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-III, wherein M-III represents a moiety represented by one of the following:

[0065] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-III, wherein M-III represents

[0066] For example, in c rertain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-III, wherein M-III re

[0067] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV.

[0068] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein X ² represents C. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), comprising W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, may comprise a moiety represented by one of the following:

wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A represents NR , N(CH ₂ ) _m R , O, or S, preferably A represents O or S.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1 :

wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; - CN; -N0 ₂ ; -OR ⁵ ; -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -OCF ₃ ; a d-d-alkyl radical; a d-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical; a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical; a (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, the (3-6 membered)-heterocycloalkyl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, - N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched d-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ - C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical. For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV-1, wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₃ -alkyl radical; or a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ and Z ² independently represent CH; and Z ³ and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -CN; -OR ⁵ ; -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; a 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, the 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₂ -haloalkyl radical.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ⁴ independently represent CH; and Z ³ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -CN; -OR ⁵ ; -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -OCF ₃ ; a C C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; a 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, the 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₂ -haloalkyl radical. [0072] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ⁴ independently represent CH; and Z ³ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -OR ⁵ ; - N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₄ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₂ - haloalkyl radical; and wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci- C ₃ -alkyl radical; or a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S, for example, A ⁷ represents S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ⁴ independently represent CH; and Z ³ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -OCH ₃ ; -NH ₂ ; -CH ₃ ; -CF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical, for example, wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H, -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -OCH ₃ , -CH ₃ , or a cyclopropyl radical.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CH; and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -CN; -OR ⁵ ; -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ ; -OCF ₃ ; a C C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical; a 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical; or a heteroaryl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, the 6 membered-heterocycloalkyl radical, and the heteroaryl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -CN, -N0 _2> -OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₄ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₂ -haloalkyl radical.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CH; and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -OR ⁵ ; - N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ); -OCF ₃ ; a Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical; -CF ₃ ; or a C ₃ -C -cycloalkyl radical; wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C -cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₂ - haloalkyl radical; and wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent -H; a branched or unbranched Ci- C ₃ -alkyl radical; or a C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl radical.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CH; and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -Br; -OCH ₃ ; - NH ₂ ; -CH ₃ ; -CF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical.

[0077] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CH; and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -F; -CI; -OCH ₃ ; -CH ₃ ; -CF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical.

[0078] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CH; and Z ⁴ independently represent CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -F; -CI; -CN; -OCH ₃ ; - OCH ₂ CH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical, for example, wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; - F; -CN; -OCH ₂ CH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical.

[0079] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁵ represents N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H; and A ⁷ represents NR ¹⁴ , N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁴ , O, or S, preferably A ⁷ represents O or S; and wherein Z ¹ independently represents CH; Z ² independently represents CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H or -F; Z ³ independently represents CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -CI; -Br; -OCH ₃ ; -CH ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical; and Z ⁴ independently represents CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -H; -D; -F; -CI; -CN; - OCH ₂ CH ₃ ; -OCF ₃ ; or a cyclopropyl radical; for example, wherein Z ¹ and Z ² independently represent CH; Z ³ independently represents CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -CI or -CH ₃ ; and Z ⁴ independently represents CR ⁴ , wherein R ⁴ independently represents -F or -CI.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein X ² represents C. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), comprising W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, may comprise a moiety represented by one of the following:

wherein A ⁵ represents NR ¹⁴ ; O; or S, preferably A ⁵ represents O or S.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein X ² represents N. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), comprising W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, may comprise a moiety represented by one of the following:

wherein A ⁵ and A ⁶ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ , preferably A ⁵ and A ⁶ represents CR ¹⁵ , wherein R ¹⁵ preferably represents -H.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein X ² represents N. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), comprising W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, may comprise a moiety represented by one of the following:

wherein A ⁵ and A ⁷ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ .

[0083] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein X ² represents N. For example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), comprising W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, may comprise a moiety represented by one of the following:

" ^{" " "} M ^" lV ^" 23

wherein A ⁶ and A ⁷ independently represent N or CR ¹⁵ .

[0084] For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV-22:

wherein Z ¹ , Z ² , and Z ³ independently represent CR ⁴ ; A ⁶ represents CR ¹⁵ ; and A ⁷ represents N.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-V. For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-V, wherein M-V represents a moiety re

[0086] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI. For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI, wherein M-VI represents a moiety represented by one of the following:

[0087] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI, wherein M-VI represents a moiety represented by one of the following:

[0088] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI, wherein M-VI represents a moiety represented by ring system M-VI-1 :

wherein Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI-1, wherein G ¹ and G ⁴ independently represent -NH or O; and G ² and G ³ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ); for example, wherein G ¹ and G ⁴ independently represent O; and G ² and G ³ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ), wherein R ¹⁸ independently represents -H.

[0089] In certain embodiments, for example, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI, wherein M-VI represents a moiety represented by ring system M-VI-3 :

wherein Z ⁶ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ . For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-VI-1, wherein G ¹ and G ⁴ independently represent -NH or O; and G ² and G ³ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ); for example, wherein G ¹ and G ⁴ independently represent O; and G ² and G ³ independently represent C(R ¹⁸ )(R ¹⁸ ), wherein R ¹⁸ independently represents -H.

[0090] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, M-IV, or M-V, wherein adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), and the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) forms a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di- radical with at least one ring atom of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, with the proviso that when the at least one ring atom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is unsubstituted (specifically is -N(H)-) or is substituted with a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, -(CO)-branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ - alkyl, or -(S0 ₂ )-branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl, wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ - cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, halogen, =0, - OH, -OCi-C ₄ -alkyl or -OCF ₃ , and with the further proviso that when the at least one ring atom is sulfur, the sulfur may substituted with 0 or 2 =0; and wherein the alkyl portion of said (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, -OR ⁵ , -(CH ₂ ) _m OR ⁵ , -N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -(CH ₂ ) _m N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -S0 ₂ (CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , - (CO)(CH ₂ ) _m R ⁵ , -(CO)N(R ⁵ )(R ⁶ ), -OCF ₃ , a branched or unbranched Ci-C ₆ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkyl radical, a Ci-C ₆ -hydroxyalkyl radical, or a Ci-C ₆ -haloalkyl radical. For example, in certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I, M-IV, or M-V, wherein adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), such as adjacent members Z ¹ and Z ² is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), adjacent members Z ² and Z ³ is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), adjacent members Z ³ and Z ⁴ is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), or adjacent members Z ⁴ and Z ⁵ is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), and the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) forms a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical with at least one ring atom of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, for example, at least two ring atoms of the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical are independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, with the proviso that when the at least one ring atom is, or at least two ring atoms are independently, nitrogen, then the nitrogen is unsubstituted (specifically is -N(H)-) or is substituted with a branched or unbranched Ci- C ₄ -alkyl radical, a C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical, -(CO)-branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl, or -(S0 ₂ )- branched or unbranched Ci-C ₄ -alkyl, wherein the Ci-C ₄ -alkyl radical and the C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl radical may be substituted with up to 4 radical substituents comprising: -D, halogen, =0, -OH, -OCi-C - alkyl or -OCF ₃ . For example, in certain embodiments, adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ , is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), and the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) forms a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical, and the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical comprises: -OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - -OCH ₂ CH ₂ N(H)-, -OCH ₂ CH ₂ N(Ci-C ₄ -alkyl)-, such as - OCH ₂ CH ₂ N(Me)-; - CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ N(CO)(C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl)-, -N(H)CH ₂ CH ₂ 0-, -N(d-C ₄ - alkyl)CH ₂ CH ₂ 0-, such as -N(Me)CH ₂ CH ₂ 0-; -OCH ₂ CH ₂ 0-; -OCF ₂ 0-; or -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ 0-. For purposes described herein, when the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical is specified, it is both referenced and attached on the ring system M-I, M-IV, or M-V, in order from lowest to highest of adjacent members of Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , Z ⁴ , and Z ⁵ . For example, by way of illustration, the resulting ring system of W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV-1, wherein A ⁷ is S, and the adjacent members Z ¹ and Z ² is (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ), and the (CR ⁴ )(CR ⁴ ) forms a cycle such that the adjacent R ⁴ substitutents taken together represents a (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical, and the (3-6 membered)-heteroalkyl di-radical is: (i) -OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - (ii) -OCH ₂ CH ₂ N(H)-; (iii) - N(H)CH ₂ CH ₂ 0-; (iv) -OCH ₂ CH ₂ 0-; (v) -OCF ₂ 0-; or (vi) -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ 0- would be represented by the following structures:

[0091] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), for example, may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I to M-VI, wherein R ¹ and R ² independently represent an unbranched Ci-alkyl radical, and said compound is represented by Formula (II):

[0092] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), for example, may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-I to M-VI, wherein R ¹ and R ² taken together represent a C ₂ -alkyl di-radical and said compound is represented by Formula (III):

[0093] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise racemic mixture of enantiomers, a mixture of diastereomers, a single enantiomer, or a single diastereomer, of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise a mixture of tautomers, substantially a single tautomer form, or a single tautomer form, such as a tautomer contained within W, for example, a tautomer may be contained within a W containing a heteroaryl ring nitrogen adjacent to a heteroaryl ring carbon substituted with a hydroxyl group.

[0094] The chemical names and structure diagrams used herein to describe the compounds of the present invention, supra and infra, were created with the use of ChemBioDraw Ultra® Version 12.0 (available from CambridgeSoft Corp., Cambridge, Mass.).

[0095] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the compounds listed below, and single enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxam ide;

4- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

5- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene- 2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carbox amide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[l,4]dioxino[2, 3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophen e-5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-6 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- lH-indole-6-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)pyrazolo [ 1 ,5 -b]pyridazine-3 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carb oxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-5-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-5-c arboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-6-c arboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazole-5- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazole-6- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbox amide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)furo [3 ,2-b]pyridine-5 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzofuran-5-carbox amide;

2- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-3 -methylbenzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

3 - chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- 1 -methyl- lH-benzo[d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carb oxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-moφholinobenzo[6]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-bromo-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-isopropoxybenzo[6]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methoxybenzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

4-chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzamide ;

7-chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-nitro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-amino-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

5 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

5 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

5 ,6-dichloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

6-methyl-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

5 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)-5 - (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; 5 -cyclopropyl-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-methoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

5 -methoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 2,3-dihydro-[l,4]dioxino[2,3- c] pyridine -7 -carboxamide ;

3 -methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-5 - carboxamide;

3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- lH-indole-6-carboxamide; N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 -b] pyridazine-3 - carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)t hieno[2,3-6]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d]thiazole -2 -carboxamide ; N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-5 - carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)b enzofuran-6-carboxamide; 2-methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] oxazole -5 - carboxamide;

2-methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] oxazole -6 - carboxamide;

2-methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d]thiazole -5 - carboxamide;

2-methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d]thiazole -6 - carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [2, 3 -b] pyridine -5 - carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [3 ,2-b] pyridine -5 - carboxamide;

2-methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide; 2-chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

3 -methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

3 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

1 -methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide ;

1 -methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -6 -carboxamide ;

N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)thieno [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-6-( lH-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-morpholino-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [6]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [6]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-bromo-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-isopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [6]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-(methylsulfonyl)-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- cyano-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -6 -(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4 - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- fluoro-6 -methyl -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; and

N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)-2,3 - dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide .

[0096] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the compounds listed below, and single enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

2-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimid ine-6-carboxamide;

6,7-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide; 6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thi ophene-2-carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide;

7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropylbenzo[b]thiophen e-2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b ]thiophene-2-carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxybenzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorobenzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- (dimethylamino)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2-yl)benzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)isoquinoline-3 -carboxamide;

7-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l-methylcyclopropyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-ethoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-propoxybenzo[b]thiophene- 2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-6-methylbenzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

7- cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methoxybenzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide; 7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methoxymethyl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-3 ,4-dihydro-2H-thieno [3 ,2-h] chromene-8 -carboxamide ; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3-f ]chromene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-6 -carboxamide;

2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; 2-amino-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine- 6-carboxamide;

6,7-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- chloro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-chloro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- chloro-6-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- cyano-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide;

7- chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide; 7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-isopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]oxazole-2 -carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-y l)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

6-chloro-5-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

5 - fluoro-6-methoxy-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

5,6-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

6- chloro-5 ,7-difluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -7-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-(dimethylamino)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-morpholino-N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)isoquinoline-3 -carboxamide ;

2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

7-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide; 7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bi cyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-phenyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl) -7-( 1 - (trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7-( 1 -methylcyclopropyl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7- ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-propoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- methoxy-6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

1- methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-6- carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- fluoro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- cyano-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2- h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ;

2- methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide; N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3- f] chromene -2-carboxamide ;

6-chloro-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole -6 -carboxamide ;

6-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(lH-l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethoxy)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluoromethyl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-7-(trifluoromethy l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6- cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluorobenzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][l,4]dio xine-6-carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

7- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [d] oxazole-2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazole-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l-methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazo le-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- 1 -methyl-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2 -carboxamide;

3,4-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazine-6-car boxamide;;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-5 ,6-difluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide ; ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-moφholinobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)quinoline-3 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-7 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide;

2-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l-(trifluoromethyl)cyclo propyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-5-carboxamide;

6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-5-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-6-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,2 -difluorobenzo [d] [ 1 , 3 ] dioxole -5 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- 1 -methyl- lH-indazole-3 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-3-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- 1 -methyl- lH-indole-5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)- 1 -methyl- lH-indole-6-carboxamide;

6-(dimethylamino)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methoxymethyl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide; 6-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 6- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide ;

6-(oxetan-3-yl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- lH-benzo[d]imidazole-2- carboxamide;

1 -methyl -N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)- 1H- benzo [d] imidazole -2 -carboxamide ;

l-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)-lH-indole-2- carboxamide;

3 ,4-dichloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzamide ;

4-methoxy-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzamide; N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazine-6- carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)q uinoline-3-carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) quinoline-7 -carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)q uinoline-6-carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -lH-indole-5-carboxamide; 6-cyclopropyl-7-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]isoxazole-5- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]isoxazole-6- carboxamide;

2,2-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'- yl)benzo [d] [ 1 , 3] dioxole-5 -carboxamide ;

l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-lH-indazole-3- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]isoxazole-3- carboxamide;

l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-lH-indole-5- carboxamide;

6-(dimethylamino)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide .

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide;

6- cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

7- (oxetan-3 -yl) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; and

6- cyclopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide .

[0097] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

7- cyclobutyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide;

7-cyclobutyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-

2-carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-6-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

7-cyclopropoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; 6-cyclopropoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)be nzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- fluoro-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- chloro-5-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

4-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide;

6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7-

(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluoromethox y)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(thiazol-2-yl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

7- (tert-butoxy)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

7-(tert-butoxy)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-2,3 -dihydro- lH-thieno [2',3 ': 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine- 8 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-l -methyl -2,3 -dihydro- lH-thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

1- methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

2- cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-6-carboxamide; 2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2-carboxamide;

7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-(oxetan-3 -yl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxybenzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- cyclobutoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-cyano-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- cyano-6-fluoro-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-7-isopropoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-ethoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- cyclobutoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6,7-dimethyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7 -ethoxy-6 -fluorobenzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-isopropoxy-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bi cyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7-ethoxy-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxy-6-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxy-6-methylbenzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7-ethoxy-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide; 5- fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)t hieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6-carb oxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2-g]ben zofuran-7-carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-y l)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2- g] benzofuran-7 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

5,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-c]pyrim idine-3-carboxamide;

7-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)pyrrolo[l,2- c] pyrimidine -3 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-c]pyrimidine-3-c arboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6- fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3',2' :5,6]benzo[l,2-b][l,4]oxazine- 8 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-4-methyl-3 ,4-dihydro-2H-thieno [3 ',2' : 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,2-difluorothieno[2',3':3, 4]benzo[l,2-d][l,3]dioxole-7- carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno [3 ',2' : 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno [3 ',2' : 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; 6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

2,2-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'- yl)thieno [2', 3 ' : 3 ,4] benzo [1,2-d] [1,3] dioxole -7 -carboxamide ;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 7,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7,8-dihydrothieno[2,3-e]ben zofuran-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(thiazol-2-yl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2-yl )benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

5,7-difluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

7- cyclopropyl-5 -fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6- cyclopropyl-5 -fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- chloro-5 -fluoro-6-methyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

4-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

3 -fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

2-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluoro-6-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-7-(trifluorometho xy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; 7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methylb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-fluorofuro[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-fluorofuro[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-fluorofuro[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

7-( 1 -fluorocyclopropyl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 6,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]isobenzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

7-cyclopropoxy-6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-cyclopropoxy-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-methyl-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

5,6-difluoro-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

3-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) pyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide;

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)pyrrolo [ 1 ,2-c]pyrimidine-3 - carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) indolizine-6-carboxamide;

6- methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrazine- 3 -carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -lH-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l-fluorocyclopropyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,8-dihydrothieno[2,3-e]iso benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

7- cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; 7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenz o[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide; N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2 rifluoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,6-difluoro-7-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyrid ine-5-carboxamide;

3-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine -5-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrazine-3-car boxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)indolizine-6-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylpyrrolo[l,2-a]pyraz ine-3-carboxamide; and

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin e-6-carboxamide;

[0098] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the compounds listed below, and single enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxam ide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide;

6- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-c arboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carbox amide;

7- chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide;

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)b enzofuran-5-carboxamide;

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide; N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH- indole-6-carboxamide; 2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

6- bromo-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7- fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

6,7-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

6- chloro-7-fluoro-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7- cyano-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

5 -fluoro-6-methoxy-N-( l '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide; and

2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6- carboxamide.

[0099] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-4-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

(5)-4-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamid e; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thi ophene-2-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -fluorobenzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -fluorobenzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide;

(5)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide;

(5)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thi ophene-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6 -methylbenzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-c arboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-ca rboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7 -carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene-5 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-5-carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-6-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thio phene-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxa mide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyridazine-3-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyridazine-3-carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)thieno [2, 3 -b] pyridine -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)thieno [2, 3 -b] pyridine -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -5 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamid e;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-6 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2-methylbenzo [d] oxazole -5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2-methylbenzo [d] oxazole -5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol e-6-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazole -6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-5-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol e-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-6-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol e-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-ca rboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-ca rboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzofuran-5-c arboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzofuran-5-ca rboxamide;

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-c arboxamide;

(5)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-ca rboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -methylbenzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -methylbenzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

(R)-3 -chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-3 -chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole-5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridin e-5-carboxamide; (¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

( ?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-mo holinobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-mo holinobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(R) -6 -(4,4 -difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(S) -6 -(4,4-difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(i?)-6-bromo-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-bromo-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-isopropoxybenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-isopropoxybenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methylsulfonyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methylsulfonyl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -4 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzamide ;

(S) -4 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzamide ;

(R) -7 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(S) -7 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide; (i?)-7-fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(iS) -7 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 - carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -7 - (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -6 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(<S) -6 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-nitro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(<S)-6-nitro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(R) -6 -amino -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b] thiophene - 2-carboxamide;

(5)-6-amino-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -6 - (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-5 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(S)-5 -fluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide; ( _l S)-6-chloro-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2 ^, -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(R -5 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(S) -5 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

( ?)-5,6-dichloro-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(S)-5 ,6-dichloro-N-( 1 ^' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ^' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(R) -6 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-6-methyl-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

( ?)-5-methyl-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(S)-5 -methyl-N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -5 - (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(S) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ^' -yl) -5 - (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(R)-6-cyclopropyl-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-1.2 ^' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 ^' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S)-6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 ^' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -5 -cyclopropyl-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-5-cyclopropyl-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-6-methoxy-N-( 1 ^' -azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S) -6 -methoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -5 -methoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (<S)-5 -methoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

(iS) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine -5 - carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-2,3-dihydro- [l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-2,3-dihydro- [l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7 -carboxamide;

(R) -3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -5 -carboxamide ;

(R) -3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxamide;

(<S) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H-indole -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)pyrazolo [ 1 ,5 -b]pyridazine - 3 -carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)pyrazolo [ 1 ,5 -b]pyridazine-3 - carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)thieno[2,3 -b]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)thieno[2,3 -b]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d]thiazole-2- carboxamide;

(<S) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] thiazole -2 - carboxamide;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -5 - carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b]thiophene-5 - carboxamide;

(R) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-6 -carboxamide ; ( _< S)-N -( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamide ; (R)-2 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] oxazole- 5-carboxamide;

(S)-2 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] oxazole-

5- carboxamide;

(R)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3 '-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-

6- carboxamide;

(S) -2 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d] oxazole- 6-carboxamide;

(i?)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3 '-yl)benzo[d]thiazole- 5-carboxamide;

(5)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3 '-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-

5- carboxamide;

(R)-2 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [d]thiazole-

6- carboxamide;

(5)-2-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)benzo[d]thiazole- 6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

(S) -N-( -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)furo [2, 3 -b] pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)furo[3.2-b]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

(5)-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

(R) -2 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(S)-2 -methyl -N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2 ^' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 ^' -yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide;

(R) -2 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(.S)-2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3 '-yl)benzofi.iran-5- carboxamide;

(R)-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3 '-yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide;

(S) -3 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide; (R)-3 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(iS) -3 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(R) - 1 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide ;

(iS) - 1 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide ;

(R) - 1 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -6 -carboxamide ;

(<S) - 1 -methyl -N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) - 1 H- benzo [d] imidazole -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)thieno [2,3 -c]pyridine-5 - carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-6-(lH-l,2,3-triazol-l- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-6-( lH-l,2,3-triazol-l - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -6 -morpholino-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -6 -morpholino-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l -yl)-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -6 -bromo-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-bromo-N-( l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-isopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-6-isopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (i?)-6-(methylsulfonyl)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -6 -(methylsulfonyl)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3 '-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(S) -6 -cyano-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl)benzo [b] thiophene - 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2 ' -bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' -yl)-2,3 - dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide ; and

(iS) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' -yl) -2, 3 - dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide .

[00100] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-2-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-d]py rimidine-6-carboxamide;

(5)-2-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6,7-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoroben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluo romethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluorome thyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methyl -7 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide; (<S)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methyl -7 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-difluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-difluorobenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropylbenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropylbenzo[b]thio phene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran -4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorobe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -7 -(dimethylamino) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (<S) -7 -(dimethylamino) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7 -(thiazol-2 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxam ide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxami de;

(i?)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-phenylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-phenylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -methylcyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -methylcyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-ethoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-ethoxybenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-propoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-propoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-6-methylbenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-indazole -3 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-indazole -3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methoxymethyl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methoxymethyl)benzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 ,4 -dihydro -2H-thieno [3 ,2-h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ; (iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 ,4 -dihydro -2H-thieno [3 ,2-h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -8 ,9 -dihydro -7H-thieno [2, 3 -f] chromene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2 ,3-f]chromene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2 -methylbenzo [b] thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-6-carboxamide;

(5)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-2-amino-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'-yl)thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine -6 -carboxamide ;

(5)-2-amino-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]oc tan]-3'-yl)thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6,7-dichloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-6-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS)-7-chloro-6-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-7-chloro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS)-6-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(<S)-7-cyano-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-7-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide;

(iS)-6-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide;

(iS)-7-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-1.2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(R)-7-isopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(<S)-7-isopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

( ?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane- l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(iS)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

( ?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane- l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2- carboxamide;

(iS)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -indole-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)thieno [2,3 -c]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

(^)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

( ?)-5-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane- l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(^-S-fluoro-e-methoxy-N-ir-azaspirofcyclopropane-l ^'-bicyclo^^^loctan]^'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-5,6-difluoro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-5,6-difluoro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-6-chloro-5,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-5,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bi cyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(5)-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-morpholino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(<S)-7-morpholino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7-( thiazol-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)iso quinoline-3-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide;

(i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(S)-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(R)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-( l '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-( Γ-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2 '-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-phenyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(5)-7 -phenyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-7-(l- (trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-7-(l- (trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-( 1 -methylcyclopropyl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-7-( 1 -methylcyclopropyl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(5)-6-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(5)-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-propoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-propoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-methoxy-6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-7-methoxy-6-methyl-N-( Γ-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

(i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH-indole-6- carboxamide;

(5)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-lH-indole-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-fluoro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-fluoro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-7-cyano-6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(methoxymethyl)-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-(methoxymethyl)-N-( Γ-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2- h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2- h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide;

(5)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide; (i?)-2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide;

(<S)-2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3- f]chromene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3- f]chromene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(,S)-6-chloro-7-methyl-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxamide;

(S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole-6-carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-( lH-1 ,2,3 -triazol- 1 -yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-( lH-1 ,2,3 -triazol- 1 -yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluorom ethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluorome thyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methoxy-7 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methoxy-7 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(R) -6 -cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7 -fluorobenzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide; (i?)-7-chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl) benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,3 -dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,3 -dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran- 2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole-2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole -2 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazole-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-indole-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

(5)-3,4-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbenz amide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbenza mide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)imidazo[ l,2-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)imidazo[ l,2-a]pyrazine-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methylsulfonyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methylsulfonyl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

( ?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-mo holinobenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-mo holinobenzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-3-carboxam ide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)quinoline -7 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)quinoline -7 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide ; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofura n-5-carboxamide;

(5)-2-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran -5-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-y l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-indole-5 -carboxamide ;

(S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 H-indole-5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methox ybenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-5-car boxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-5-carb oxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-6-car boxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-6-carb oxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,2 -difluorobenzo [d] [ 1 ,3 ] dioxole -5 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,2 -difluorobenzo [d] [ 1 ,3 ] dioxole -5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-indazole -3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-3-car boxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole-3-carb oxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-indole-5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-indole-5 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-indole-6-carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-indole-6-carboxamide ;

(R) -6 -(dimethylamino) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -6 -(dimethylamino) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methoxymethyl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methoxymethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrob enzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-6-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-6- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-6- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-(oxetan-3 -yl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-6-(oxetan-3 -yl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-chloro-6-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -benzo[d]imidazole-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -benzo[d]imidazole-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-l -methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH- benzo[d]imidazole-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-l -methyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) -lH- benzo [d] imidazole -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-2- carboxamide;

(5)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-3,4-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzamide; (S)-3 ,4-dichloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzamide ; (i?)-4-methoxy-3 -methyl-N-( l '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzamide; (iS)-4-methoxy-3 -methyl -N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazine-6- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazine-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)quinoline-3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)quinoline-7-carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)quinoline-7-carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-5-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-lH-indole-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-7-methoxy-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [d] isoxazole-5 - carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [d]isoxazole-5 - carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [d]isoxazole-6- carboxamide;

(<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [d] isoxazole-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-2,2-difluoro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [d] [ 1 , 3] dioxole-5 -carboxamide ;

(5)-2,2-difluoro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [d] [ 1 , 3] dioxole-5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indazole-3- carboxamide;

(5)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indazole-3- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)ben zo[d]isoxazole-3- carboxamide; (<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [d] isoxazole-3 - carboxamide;

(i?)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-5- carboxamide;

(5)-l -methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-lH-indole-5- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-(dimethylamino)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-(dimethylamino)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide .

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -7 -(oxetan-3 -yl) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -7 -(oxetan-3 -yl) -N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane -1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R) -6 -cyclopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; and

(S)-6 -cyclopropoxy-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 ' - yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide .

[00101] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(R) -7 -cyclobutyl-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -7 -cyclobutyl-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclobutyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclobutyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methox ybenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide; (5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxy benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroetho xy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethox y)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-7-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methylben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-fluoro-7-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-fluoro-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-5 -fluoro-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-chloro-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-4-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide; (<S)-4-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoroben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluorom ethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(trifluorome thoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(thiazol-2-y l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)b enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[ b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-6-chloro-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-7-(tert-butoxy)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (5)-7-(tert-butoxy)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-7-(tert-butoxy)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (iS)-7-(tert-butoxy) -N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2,3 -dihydro- lH-thieno [2',3 ': 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-thieno[2 ',3':3,4]benzo[l,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l-methyl-2,3-dihydro-l H-thieno[2',3':3,4]benzo[l,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH -thieno[2',3':3,4]benzo[l,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(5)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- thieno [2',3 ' : 3 ,4]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-6-carboxamide;

(5)-2-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-6-carboxamide;

(i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-2-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benz o[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)be nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-(difluoromethyl)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-(oxetan-3 -yl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-7-(oxetan-3 -yl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(oxetan-3-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxyb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxybe nzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -7 -cyclobutoxy-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclobutoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b ]thiophene-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxyben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyano-6-fluoro-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-isopropoxy-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-isopropoxy-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-ethoxy-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclobutoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclobutoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6,7-dimethyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6,7-dimethyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxy-6-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxy-6-fluoroben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-isopropoxy-6-methyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-7-isopropoxy-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-ethoxy-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-ethoxy-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(iS)-7-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxy-6-methylb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxy-6-methylbe nzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxy-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxy-6-methylben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-ethoxy-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bi cyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-ethoxy-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethylbenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethylbenzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methylbe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methylben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-5-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-5-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6 -carboxamide; (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2- g]benzofuran-7-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3, 2-g]benzofuran-7-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2- g] benzofuran-7 -carboxamide ;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,2- g] benzofuran-7 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thi ophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-5,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-5,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-c] pyrimidine-3-carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2- c]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)pyrrolo [1,2- c] pyrimidine -3 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-7-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)pyrrolo [1,2- c] pyrimidine -3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-c]pyrimidin e-3-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrrolo[l,2-c]pyrimidine -3-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trif luoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(2,2,2-trifl uoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[ 3',2':5,6]benzo[l,2- b] [l,4]oxazine-8-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dime lquinuclidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3',2':5,6]benzo[l,2 - b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-^

b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H hieno[3',2':5,6]benzo[l,2- b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine -8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2 rifluoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(¾-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifl uoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2 rifluoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2 rifluoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,2-difluorothieno[2^3 ':3,4]benzo[l,2-d][l,3]diox carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,2-difluorothieno[2^3' :3,4]benzo[l,2-d][l,3]dioxole carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno [3 ',2' : 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(<S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-3 ,4-dihydro-2H- thieno [3 ',2' : 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno[3',2':5,6]benzo[l,2-b][l,4]oxazine-8 -carboxamide;

(5)-4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H- thieno [3 ',2': 5 ,6]benzo [ 1 ,2-b] [ 1 ,4] oxazine-8-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-2,2-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno [2', 3 ' : 3 ,4] benzo [1,2-d] [1,3] dioxole -7 -carboxamide ;

(5)-2,2-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno [2', 3 ' : 3 ,4] benzo [1,2-d] [1,3] dioxole -7 -carboxamide ; (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-7,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7,8-dihydrothieno[2, 3-e]benzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(thiazol -2-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(thiazol-2-y l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2-y l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-5,7-difluoro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-5,7-difluoro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-5 -fluoro-N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-6-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-chloro-5-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-chloro-5-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l, 2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-4-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(5)-4-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-3-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(S)-3 -fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)furo[2,3 -c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-2-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(¾-2-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(¾-4-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(¾-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluoro-6-methylb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluoro-6-methylbe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-7-(trifluoro methoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxy-7-(trifluorom ethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide; (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-me thylbenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-met hylbenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -4-fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -4-fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2 -fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(<S) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2 -fluorofuro [2,3 -c] pyridine -5 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methylfuro[2,3-c] pyridine-5-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-4-methylfuro[2,3-c]p yridine-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylfuro[2,3-c] pyridine-5-carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylfuro[2,3-c]p yridine-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-( l-fluorocyclopropyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-( l-fluorocyclopropyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-6, 8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]isobenzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-6,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]isobenzofuran-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (5)-6-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-5,6-difluoro-7-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(5)-5,6-difluoro-7-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(S)-3 -methyl -N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)furo [2,3 -c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-3-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(5)-3-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine- 5 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)pyr rolo[ l,2-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)pyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrazine-3- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)pyrrolo[ l,2-c]pyrimidine-3- carboxamide;

(S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)pyrrolo [ 1 ,2-c]pyrimidine-3 - carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)ind olizine-6-carboxamide;

(S)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)indolizine-6-carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'-yl)pyrrolo[ l,2- a] pyrazine -3 -carboxamide ;

(5)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)pyrrolo[ l,2- a] pyrazine -3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

(5)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -fluorocyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -fluorocyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,8-dihydrothieno[2,3- e]isobenzofuran-2 -carboxamide; (<S)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,8-dm^

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluor obenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methy lbenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl )benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-6-chloro-7-cyclopropoxy-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl) benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trif luoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-7-(2,2,2-trifl uoroethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,6-difluoro-7-methylb enzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,6-difluoro-7-methylbe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylfuro[2,3-c] pyridine-5-carboxamide;

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyri dine-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-3-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyr idine-5-carboxamide;

(¾-3-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyri dine-5-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)pyrrolo [ 1 ,2-a]pyrazine-3 -carboxamide;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)pyrrolo [ 1 ,2-a]pyrazine-3 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)indolizine-6-carboxamid e;

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)indolizine-6-carboxamide ;

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methylpyrrolo [ 1 ,2-a] pyrazine -3 -carboxamide ;

(iS) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methylpyrrolo [ 1 ,2-a] pyrazine -3 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyrid ine-6-carboxamide; and

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridi ne-6-carboxamide;

[00102] In certain embodiments, specific examples of the amide compound represented by Formula (I) may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(R) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamid e;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-c arboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide; (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide; (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ; (i?)-6-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide;

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH -indole-6-carboxamide; (i?)-2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide;

(i?)-6-bromo-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide; (i?)-5-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bic yclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide; and

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide.

[00103] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-IV, wherein M-IV represents a moiety represented by ring system M-IV-1:

wherein Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4· independently represent CR 4 ; A 5 represents CR 15 ; and A 7 represents S; and may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiop hene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbe nzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(i?)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide;

(i?)-6-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6-bromo-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; (i?)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ;

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide;

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide ;

(i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide;

(R)-5 -fluoro-6-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ; and

(i?)-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide.

[00104] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by ring system M-II-1:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ ; A ³ represents O; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁸ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ ;

and may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamid e;

(i?)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide ; and

(i?)-2-chloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide.

[00105] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by ring system M-II-6:

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ ; A ³ represents O; and Z ⁶ and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ ; and may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomers listed below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-c arboxamide; and

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide.

[00106] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by ring system M-II-2:

Μ ^~ Π ^~ 2

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ ; A ³ represents NR ¹⁰ ; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹

independently represent CR ⁷ ;

and may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomer listed below, and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxamide.

[00107] In certain embodiments, the amide compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III), may comprise the W representing the moiety represented by the ring system M-II, wherein M-II represents a moiety represented by ring system M-II-2:

Μ ^~ Π ^~ 2

wherein A ¹ and A ² independently represent CR ¹¹ ; A ³ represents S; and Z ⁶ , Z ⁷ , and Z ⁹ independently represent CR ⁷ ;

and may include, collectively or individually, the single enantiomer listed below, and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

(i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benz o[b]thiophene-6- carboxamide; and

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide.

[00108] As used herein, the term "treating" (or "treat" or "treatment"), unless otherwise specified, includes the generally accepted meaning which encompasses improving, modifying, decreasing, prohibiting, preventing, restraining, minimizing, slowing, halting, stopping, curing, and/or reversing a symptom associated with a disease and/or a disease. Treatment may include both therapeutic and prophylactic administration. For example, treatment of a cognitive impairment, in a patient diagnosed as having a cognitive impairment, may include, but is not limited to, curing the cognitive impairment, preventing the deterioration of one or more symptoms associated with the cognitive impairment; improving cognition in a patient suffering from the cognitive impairment, slowing the progression of the cognitive impairment and/or modifying the cognitive impairment.

[00109] As used herein, the term "effective dose" (or "dose"), unless otherwise specified, is understood to include a thereapeutically acceptable dose, a thereapeutically acceptable amount, a thereapeutically effective dose, a thereapeutically effective amount, a pharmaceutically acceptable dose, a pharmaceutically acceptable amount, a pharmaceutically effective dose, or a pharmaceutically effective amount.

[00110] As used herein, the term "cognitive impairment," unless otherwise specified, includes at least one of the following: Limited Cognitive Impairment (LCI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (or dementia of an Alzheimer' s-type) or a particular stage of Alzheimer's disease, inclusive of pre-Alzheimer's disease, early Alzheimer's disease, mild Alzheimer's disease, moderate Alzheimer's disease, severe Alzheimer's disease, pre-Alzheimer' s-to-mild Alzheimer's disease, mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease,

schizophrenia (for example, paranoid type schizophrenia, disorganized type schizophrenia, catatonic type schizophrenia, undifferentiated type schizophrenia), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms of

schizophrenia, or schizophrenia with dementia.

[00111] Alzheimer's disease may include, unless otherwise specified, any of the sub-diagnostic categories used to characterize the type or degree of cognitive impairment in a patient for treatment purposes. A commonly referenced diagnostic scale for characterizing the degree of cognitive impairment for a patient with Alzheimer's disease includes the 3 -stage Alzheimer Disease Model. The 3-stages consist of: mild stage (also referred to as "early Alzheimer's disease" or "mild

Alzheimer's disease" or "early stage Alzheimer's disease" or "mild dementia of an Alzheimer's- type"), moderate stage (also referred to as "middle Alzheimer's disease" or "moderate Alzheimer's disease" or "middle stage Alzheimer's disease" or "moderate dementia of an Alzheimer's-type"), and severe stage (also referred to as "late Alzheimer's disease" or "severe Alzheimer's disease" or "late stage Alzheimer's disease" or "severe dementia of an Alzheimer's-type"). For patients with a condition that has not progressed to the point of mild stage Alzheimer's disease, they may be diagnosed as having pre-Alzheimer's disease. It is also not uncommon for treatment purposes to characterize stages together, such as pre-Alzheimer's disease-to-mild stage Alzheimer's disease, mild- to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, or moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. Another useful diagnostic scale that is used in characterizing the degree of cognitive impairment for a patient having Alzheimer's disease is the Seven Stage Alzheimer's Disease Model (sometimes known as the "Seven Stage Global Deterioration Scale" or the "Reisberg Scale"). This diagnostic scale divides the progression of the cognitive disorder associated with Alzheimer's disease as follows: Stage 1-no Alzheimer's disease (generally characterized by absence of impairment, no impairment, or normal function), Stage 2-pre-Alzheimer's disease (generally characterized by minimal impairment, normal forgetfulness, or very mild cognitive decline), Stage 3 -early-stage Alzheimer's disease (generally characterized by a noticeable cognitive decline, early confusional/mild cognitive impairment, or mild cognitive decline), Stage 4-early-stage/mild Alzheimer's disease (also referred to as late

confusional/mild Alzheimer's, and generally characterized by moderate cognitive decline), Stage 5- middle -stage/moderate Alzheimer's (also referred to as early dementia/moderate Alzheimer's disease and generally characterized by moderately severe cognitive decline), Stage 6-middle

dementia/moderately severe Alzheimer's disease (also referred to as middle-stage/moderate to late- stage/severe Alzheimer's disease and generally characterized by severe cognitive decline), and Stage 7-late-stage/severe Alzheimer's disease (also referred to as severe dementia or failure-to-thrive, and generally characterized by very severe cognitive decline). It is also not uncommon for treatment purposes to characterize stages together, such as pre-Alzheimer's disease-to-mild stage Alzheimer's disease, mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, or moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, Alzheimer's disease includes all of the above named diagnostic catagories or disease characterizations. It is also not uncommon for a physician to categorize any one or more of the above noted states of Alzheimer's disease as being probable, for example, probable mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease or probable severe Alzheimer's disease, when their diagnosis does not include, for example a physical biopsy or other definitive analysis.

[00112] Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is considered by some to be an intermediate stage between normal aging and the onset of Alzheimer's disease. For example, MCI may be characterized by persistent forgetfulness, but may lack some or many of the more debilitating symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Another set of criteria that may characterize a patient as having mild cognitive impairment suitable for treatment includes a patient that meets the following: 1) memory complaints corroborated by an informant, 2) objective memory impairment for age and education, 3) normal general cognitive function, 4) intact activities of daily living, and 5) the patient does not meet criteria for dementia. In general, a patient characterized as having mild cognitive impairment may not yet have a clinical cognitive deficit. Mild cognitive impairment may also be distinguished from senile dementia in that mild cognitive impairment involves a more persistent and troublesome problem of memory loss for the age of the patient. On the clinical diagnostic scale, mild cognitive impairment is followed, in increased severity, by Alzheimer's disease.

[00113] Limited Cognitive Impairment (LCI) describes a cognitive impairment (i.e. , symptoms or conditions), which precedes mild cognitive impairment on a clinical diagnostic scale, and includes any chronic or temporary impairment in cognition, learning or memory that prevents or reduces the ability of a patient from achieving their individual potential in these areas. For example, LCIs may include minor impairments to memory associated with focus and concentration (e.g., accuracy and speed of learning and recalling information), working memory (e.g., used in decision making and problem solving), cognition, focus, mental quickness, and mental clarity.

[00114] The term "stereoisomer" refers to a molecule capable of existing in more than one spatial atomic arrangement for a given atomic connectivity (e.g., enantiomers, meso compounds, and diastereomers). As used herein, the term "stereoisomer" means either or both enantiomers and diastereomers.

[00115] The amide compounds of the present invention represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may contain one or more stereogenic centers. Accordingly, compounds of this invention can exist as either individual stereoisomers or mixtures of two or more stereoisomers. A compound of the present invention will include both mixtures (e.g., racemic mixtures) and also individual respective stereoisomers that are substantially free from another possible stereoisomer. The term "substantially free of other stereoisomers" as used herein means less than 25% of other stereoisomers, less than 10% of other stereoisomers, less than 5% of other stereoisomers, less than 2% of other stereoisomers, or less than "X"% of other stereoisomers (wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive) are present.

[00116] The amide compounds of the present invention represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may contain one or more tautomeric forms. Accordingly, compounds of this invention can exist as either individual tautomers or mixtures of tautomeric forms. A compound of the present invention will include both mixtures (e.g., mixtures of tautomeric forms) and also individual respective tautomers that are substantially free from another possible tautomer.

[00117] The amide compounds of the present invention represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may contain one or more geometric isomers. Accordingly, compounds of this invention can exist as either geometric isomers or mixtures of geometric isomers. A compound of the present invention will include both mixtures (e.g., mixtures of geometric isomers) and also individual respective geometric isomers that are substantially free from another possible geometric isomer.

[00118] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alky group having from 1 to 5 halogen substituents independently selected from -F, -CI, -Br, and -I. For example, a haloalkyl may represent a -CF ₃ group, a -CCI3 group, a -CH ₂ CF ₃ group, or a -CF ₂ CF ₃ group.

[00119] The term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic ring system comprising at least one or more hetero- ring atoms, such as two, three, four, or five hetero- ring atoms, independently selected from N, O, and S. Suitable heteroaryl groups may include a single ring, for example, thienyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, pydridazinyl, triazinyl, oxadiazolyl, and furazanyl. Sutiable heteroaryl groups may include a fused ring system, for example, a six-six fused ring system, a six-five fused ring system, or a five-six fused ring system, such as benzothienyl, quinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthridinyl, and furopyridinyl.

[00120] Suitable "heterocycloalkyl" groups include those having at least one or more hetero- ring atoms, such as two or three hetero- ring atoms, independently selected from -0-, -S-, -S(0) ₂ -, -N(H)-, and -N(CH ₂ ) _m R ¹⁸ -. Suitable heterocycloalkyl groups may include, for example, tetrahydrofurano, tetrahydropyrano, morpholino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino, azetidino, azetidinono, oxindolo, oxetano, dihydroimidazolo, and pyrrolidinono.

[00121] The pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the amide compounds represented by Formula

(I) , Formula (II), or Formula (III), according to the present invention may be acid addition salts with inorganic or organic acids. Specific examples of these salts include acid addition salts with, for instance, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid; organic acids, for example carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, isethionic acid, glucuronic acid, gluconic acid, methanesulfonic acid or ethane sulfonic acid; or acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid.

[00122] In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may comprise an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[00123] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are suitable for use as medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases in humans and/or animals.

[00124] In certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula

(II) , or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[00125] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, act as ligands, in particular as l- nAChR agonists.

[00126] In certain embodiments, a method of treating a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, a method of treating a patient in need thereof, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For example, the patient may suffer from a cognitive impairment or suffers from one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive impairment, such as Limited Cognitive Impairment (LCI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease, dementia of an

Alzheimer's-type, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms of schizophrenia, or schizophrenia with dementia.

[00127] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can, because of their pharmacological properties, be employed alone or in combination with other active ingredients for the treatment and/or prevention of cognitive impairments, for example, Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia. Because of their selective effect as a7-nAChR agonists, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are particularly suitable for improving cognition, providing procognitive effects, improving perception, improving

concentration, improving learning or memory, improving one or more aspects of cognition, e.g., one or more of: executive function, memory (e.g., working memory), social cognition, visual learning, verbal learning and speed of processing, especially after or associated with cognitive impairments like those occurring for example in situations/diseases/syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment, age- associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memory loss, vascular dementia, craniocerebral trauma, stroke, dementia occurring after strokes (post-stroke dementia), post-traumatic brain syndrome, general concentration impairments, concentration impairments in children with learning and memory problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes, including Pick's syndrome,

Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias associated with dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's Disease, progressive nuclear palsy, dementia with corticobasal degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, thalamic degeneration, Creutzfeld-Jakob dementia, HIV dementia, schizophrenia (e.g., paranoid type, disorganized type, catatonic type, and

undifferentiated type), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms of schizophrenia, schizophrenia with dementia, Korsakoff s psychosis, depression, anxiety, mood and affective disorders, traumatic brain injury, withdrawal symptoms associated with smoking cessation and dependent drug cessation, Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, neurodegeneration associated with glaucoma, treatment (including amelioration, prevention or delay of progression) of sleep disorders (e.g., narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep disruption and/or cataplexy), treatment (including amelioration, prevention or delay) of progression of fatigue, or use for facilitation of emergence from general anesthesia. [00128] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be employed alone or in combination with other active ingredients for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute and/or chronic pain (for a classification, see "Classification of Chronic Pain, Descriptions of Chronic Pain

Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms", 2nd edition, Meskey and Begduk, editors; IASP Press, Seattle, 1994), especially for the treatment of cancer-induced pain and chronic neuropathic pain like, for example, that associated with diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral nerve damage, central pain (for example as a consequence of cerebral ischaemia) and trigeminal neuralgia, and other chronic pain such as, for example, lumbago, backache (low back pain) or rheumatic pain. In addition, these active ingredients are also suitable for the therapy of primary acute pain of any origin and of secondary states of pain resulting therefrom, and for the therapy of states of pain which were formerly acute and have become chronic.

[00129] In certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof, such as a patient suffering from, or diagnosed as having, a cognitive impairment or having one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive impairment, an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. For example, the method may treat and/or improve the one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive impairment and/or the cognitive impairment.

[00130] A certain embodiment of the present invention provides a method of improving one or more cognitive symptoms, improving one or more behavioral symptoms, or both, associated with a cognitive impairment, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[00131] In a certain embodiment of the present invention, the method provides a pro-cognitive effect in a patient suffering from, or diagnosed as having, a cognitive disease or dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent; wherein the method provides at least one of the following: visual motor, learning, delayed memory, or executive function; for example provides a pro-cognitive effect, exclusive of attention, in said patient; for example provides a pro-cognitive effect in at least one of the following: visual motor, learning, delayed memory, or executive function.

[00132] A certain embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating a patient with a cognitive disease, comprising: administering to the patient a daily dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

[00133] In a certain embodiment of the present invention, the method provides a pro-cognitive effect in a patient suffering from, or diagnosed as having, schizophrenia, for example, paranoid type schizophrenia, disorganized type schizophrenia, catatonic type schizophrenia, undifferentiated type schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms of schizophrenia, or schizophrenia with dementia, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to a patient in need thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluents; wherein the method provides at least one of the following: visual motor, learning, delayed memory, or executive function; for example provides a pro-cognitive effect, exclusive of attention, in said patient; for example provides a pro-cognitive effect in at least one of the following: visual motor, learning, delayed memory, or executive function.

[00134] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, includes wherein the daily dose is an initial daily dose.

[00135] In a certain embodiment of the present invention provides a method of improving cognition of a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluents.

[00136] In a certain embodiment of the present invention provides a method of treating or improving one or more symptoms associated with a cognitive disease and/or a cognitive impairment in a patient in need thereof, comprising: administering to the patient an effective dose of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising the amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. [00137] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with a cognitive disease.

[00138] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with a cognitive disease.

[00139] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of a cognitive disease.

[00140] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the patient has been diagnosed as having a cognitive disease.

[00141] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the patient has been diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease.

[00142] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with Alzheimer's disease.

[00143] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with Alzheimer's disease.

[00144] hi an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of Alzheimer's disease.

[00145] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the patient has been diagnosed as having mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

[00146] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with schizophrenia.

[00147] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with schizophrenia.

[00148] In an embodiment of the present invention, an} ⁷ one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of schizophrenia.

[00149] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the patient has been diagnosed as having schizophrenia.

[00150] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00151] In an embodiment of the present invention, an}' one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00152] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. [00153] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes the patient has been diagnosed as having positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00154] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00155] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00156] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00157] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes the patient has been diagnosed as having negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

[00158] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes treating a symptom associated with schizophrenia with dementia.

[00159] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes improving a symptom associated with schizophrenia with dementia.

[00160] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes preventing progression of schizophrenia with dementia.

[00161] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes the patient has been diagnosed as having schizophrenia with dementia.

[00162] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the method specifically includes the patient has been diagnosed as having a disease associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and

inflammatory bowel diseases.

[00163] In an embodiment of the present invention, any one of the above-noted embodiments, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet.

[00164] Pharmaceutical Compositions

[00165] In certain embodiments, the invention also includes pharmaceutical preparations which, besides inert, nontoxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients, adjuvants and carriers, contain one or more amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a

pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or consist of one or more amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and processes for producing these preparations.

[00166] An amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be formulated for administration in solid or liquid form. For example, an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be formulated for administration in a capsule, a tablet, or a powder form. For example, an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be formulated alone or as part of a pharmaceutical composition, suitable for oral administration, such as in a capsule or tablet, intravenous administration, parenteral administration, topical administration, or transdermal administration, such as in a patch, to a patient in need thereof.

[00167] An amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be administered as a pharmaceutical composition, for example, in the presence of carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, stabilizers, preservatives, lubricants, and the like, for example, administered as a pharmaceutical composition (e.g. , formulation) comprising at least an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more

pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, or other materials well known to those skilled in the art. As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable", unless otherwise specified, includes the generally accepted meaning which encompasses combinations, compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for consumption by humans without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

[00168] Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, and diluents, can include, but are not limited to, lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum, acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water syrup, methyl cellulose, methyl and propyl hydroxybenzoates, talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances,

polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene- polyoxypropylene -block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat. [00169] The formulations can additionally include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable lubricating agents, glidants, wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, sweetening agents, and/or flavoring agents. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be formulated so as to provide quick release, immediate release, sustained release, or delayed release of an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, after administration to the patient by employing procedures well-known in the art.

[00170] Another embodiment of the invention further comprises methods of making

Pharmaceutical Composition, comprising admixing at least an amide compound represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, buffers, adjuvants, stabilizers, or other materials.

[00171] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are to be present in these preparations in a concentration of from 0.1 to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 95% by weight, of the complete mixture. Besides the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the pharmaceutical preparations may also contain other active pharmaceutical ingredients.

[00172] In certain embodiments, the novel active ingredients can be converted in a known manner into conventional formulations such as tablets, coated tablets, pills, granules, aerosols, syrups, emulsions, suspensions and solutions, using inert, nontoxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients or solvents. In these cases, the therapeutically active compound should in each case be present in a concentration of about 0.5 to 90% by weight of the entire mixture, i.e., in amounts which are sufficient to reach the stated dose range.

[00173] In certain embodiments, the formulations are produced, for example, by extending the active ingredients with solvents and/or excipients, where appropriate with use of emulsifiers and/or dispersants, it being possible for example when water is used as diluent where appropriate to use organic solvents as auxiliary solvents.

[00174] In certain embodiments, administration may take place in a conventional way, for example, orally, transdermally or parenterally, especially perlingually or intravenously. In certain embodiments, administration may also take place by inhalation through the mouth or nose, for example, with the aid of a spray, or topically via the skin.

[00175] In certain embodiments, the amide compounds represented by Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be administered in amounts of about 0.01 to 10 mg/kg, on oral administration, for example, about 0.05 to 5 mg/kg, of body weight to achieve effective results. [00176] EXAMPLES

[00177] Analytical instrument model:

Table 1

[00178] LCMS:

[00179] LCMS Conditions A ("LCMS (A)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 10- 80AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: Boston Green ODS 2.1*30 mm, 3 μπι; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00180] LCMS Conditions B ("LCMS (B)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 ml TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5-95AB_R_2W; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00181] LCMS Conditions C ("LCMS (C)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2 mL NH3H20; Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile; Method name: 5-95CD_4.5MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00182] LCMS Conditions D ("LCMS (D)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5- 95AB_R_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min. ; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP- 18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00183] LCMS Conditions E ("LCMS (E)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 ml TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN\0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5-95AB_R; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min. ; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm. [00184] LCMS Conditions F ("LCMS (F)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2 ml NH3H20, Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile; Method name: 5-95CD_2MIN_ 2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: XBrige Shield RP-18 2.1*50 mm, 5 μιη; Column temperature: 30 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00185] LCMS Conditions G ("LCMS (G)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2 mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile; Method name: 10-80CD_4MIN _2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: XBridge C-18 2.1*50 mm, 5μιη; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00186] LCMS Conditions H ("LCMS (H)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 10- 80AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: Xtimate C-18, 2.1*30 mm, 3μιη; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00187] LCMS Conditions I ("LCMS (I)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2 mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile; Method name:0-60CD_4.5MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 ml/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: XBrige Shield RP-18 2.1*50 mm, 5μιη; Column temperature 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00188] LCMS Conditions J ("LCMS (J)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: Acetonitrile; Method name: 10-80CD_2MIN_POS_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2ml/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: Xbridge C-18 2.1*50 mm, 5μιη; Column

temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00189] LCMS Conditions K ("LCMS (K)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 30AB_2MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00190] LCMS Conditions L ("LCMS (L)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA;Method name: 0-30AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00191] LCMS Conditions M ("LCMS (M)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 60AB_2MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00192] LCMS Conditions N ("LCMS (N)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 60AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm. [00193] LCMS Conditions O ("LCMS (O)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: CAN; Method name: 0-30CD_2MIN_POS_2W; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%; Column: Xbridge C18 2.1*50 mm, 5um; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00194] LCMS Conditions P ("LCMS (P)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: CAN; Method name: 0-60CD_2MIN_POS_2W; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Xbridge C18 2.1*50 mm, 5um; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00195] LCMS Conditions Q ("LCMS (Q)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: CAN; Method name: 0-60CD_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Xbridge C18 2.1*50 mm, 5um; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00196] LCMS Conditions R ("LCMS (R)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 10- 80AB_2MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: Xtimate C18, 2.1*30mm, 3um; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00197] LCMS Conditions S ("LCMS (S)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH3H20, Mobile phase B: CAN; Method name: 30- 90CD_4MIN_POS_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 30%-90%; Column: Xbridge C18 2.1*50 mm, 5um; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00198] LCMS Conditions T ("LCMS (T)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5- 95AB_15MIN_YMC; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: YMC-Pack ODS-A 5μιη 150*4.6mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00199] LCMS Conditions U ("LCMS (U)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 30AB_2MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00200] LCMS Conditions V ("LCMS (V)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS;Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA;Method name: 0- 30AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00201] LCMS Conditions W ("LCMS (W)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 60AB_2MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm. [00202] LCMS Conditions X ("LCMS (X)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 0- 60AB_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00203] LCMS Conditions Y ("LCMS (Y)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 ml TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5-95AB_R_2W; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00204] LCMS Conditions Z ("LCMS (Z)"): Instrument: Shimadzu LCMS 2020; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5 mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: 5- 95AB_R_4MIN_2W; Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/min.; Gradient: 5%-95%; Column: Chromolith@Flash RP- 18e 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00205] LCMS Conditions AA ("LCMS (AA)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 2mL NH ₃ FLO, Mobile phase B: ACN; Method name: 10-80CD_2MIN_NEG; Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%; Column: Xbridge C18 2.1*50 mm, 5μιη; Column temperature: 40 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00206] LCMS Conditions BB ("LCMS (BB)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA;Method name: 0- 60AB_R_2W; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-60%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00207] LCMS Conditions CC ("LCMS (CC)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA;Method name: 0- 30AB_R_2W; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min.; Gradient: 0%-30%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25-2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00208] LCMS Conditions DD ("LCMS (DD)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series LCMS; Mobile phase A: 4L H20 \ 1.5mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA;Method name: 10- 80AB_R_2W; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL/min.; Gradient: 10%-80%;Column: Chromolith@Flash RP-18E 25- 2 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00209] LCMS Conditions EE ("LCMS (EE)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 1L H20 \ 0.375mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: WUXIAB00; Flow Rate: 0.6 -l .OmL/min; Gradient: 0%-80%-100%; Column: Agilent 5 TC-C18 50-2.1 mm;

Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00210] LCMS Conditions FF ("LCMS (FF)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 1L H20 \ 0.375mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: WUXIAB01; Flow Rate: 0.8 -l .OmL/min; Gradient: l%-90%-100%; Column: Agilent 5 TC-C18 50-2.1 mm;

Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm. [00211] LCMS Conditions GG ("LCMS (GG)"): Instrument: Agilent 1200 Series; Mobile phase A: 1L H20 \ 0.375mL TFA, Mobile phase B: 4L ACN \ 0.75 mL TFA; Method name: WUXIAB IO; Flow Rate: 0.8 -l .OmL/min; Gradient: 10%-100%; Column: Agilent 5 TC-C18 50-2.1 mm; Column temperature: 50 °C; Wavelength: 220 nm & 254 nm.

[00212] GCMS:

[00213] GCMS Conditions Instrument: SHIMADZU GCMS-QP2010 Ultra; Carrier gas: He; Column Flow: 1.5mL/min; Injector: 250 °C; Split Ratio: 100: 1 ; Column: HP-5MS

15m*0.25mm*0.25um; FILM From: 40 °C (holding 3min) to 250 °C (holding 3min) at the rate of 25°C/min.

[00214] cSFC Analytical:

[00215] cSFC Analytical Conditions: Flow rate: 3mL/min; Wavelength: 220 nm; and Column temperature: 35°C, were used for each of the specified conditions below:

[00216] cSFC Analytical Conditions A ("cSFC analytical (A)"): Column: Chiralpak OD-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: ethanol (0.05% diethylamine ("DEA") in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00217] cSFC Analytical Conditions B ("cSFC analytical (B)"): Column: Chiralpak OD-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00218] cSFC Analytical Conditions C ("cSFC analytical (C)"): Column: Chiralpak OD-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: 40% ethanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ .

[00219] cSFC Analytical Conditions D ("cSFC analytical (D)"): Column: Chiralpak AY-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: ethanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00220] cSFC Analytical Conditions E ("cSFC analytical (E)"): Column: Chiralpak OJ-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: ethanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00221] cSFC Analytical Conditions F ("cSFC analytical (F)"): Column: Chiralpak OJ-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00222] cSFC Analytical Conditions G ("cSFC analytical (G)"): Column: Chiralpak AD-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: ethanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00223] cSFC Analytical Conditions H ("cSFC analytical (H)"): Column: Chiralpak AD-3

100x4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in C0 ₂ from 5% to 40%.

[00224] For each final compound prepared below that indicates the presence of a salt associated with the final compound (i.e., a salt complex), the specific molar equivalence of salt included in the final compound, unless specified, was not determined.

[00225] Example 1A: quinu

A ^" 101 [00226] To a mixture of quinuclidin-3-one (0.20 kg, 1.6 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 L) at 0 °C was added dropwise 1 M borane in tetrahydrofuran (1.8 L, 1.8 mol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the solution was quenched by methanol, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1) to give compound A-101 (0.19 kg, 86% yield) as a white solid.

[00227] Example 2A: 2,2-dimethylquinuclidin(N-borane)-3-one (A-102)

A ^" 101 A ^" 102

[00228] To a mixture of compound A-101 (20 g, 0.14 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium hydride (8.6 g, 60%, 0.22 mol) in portions. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. Iodomethane (31 g, 0.22 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture at 0 °C, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then cooled to 0 °C. Sodium hydride (8.6 g, 60%, 0.22 mol) was added in portions, and stirring was continued for 30 minutes.

Iodomethane (31 g, 0.22 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was again added dropwise to the mixture at 0 °C, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for another 2 hours. On completion, the reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1) to give compound A-102 (14 g, 58% yield) as a white solid.

[00229] Example 3A: 2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-one oxime (A-103)

[00230] To a mixture of compound A-102 (0.50 g, 3.0 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (2 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.21 g, 3.0 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was cooled to room temperature, resulting in formation of a precipitate. The precipitation was collected by filtration to give compound A-103 (0.48 g, 96% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (K): tR=1.093 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 169.1.

[00231] Example 4A: (+/-)-2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-amine (rac-A-104)

A 103 c A 104

[00232] To a mixture of compound A-103 (0.60 g, 2.9 mmol) in n-propyl alcohol (6 mL) was added sodium n-propoxide (67 mg, 2.9 mmol sodium in 1 mL n-propyl alcohol) at room temperature. The solution was heated to 100 °C, and sodium (0.67 g, 29 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 8 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water ( 1 mL), concentrated in vacuo, diluted with dichloromethane and filtered. The resulting filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give rac-A-104 (0.40 g, 89% yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS (K): tR=0.988 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 155.1.

[00233] Example 5A: 2,2 quinuclidin-3-one A-105 A 105

[00234] To a solution of 20% trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (150 mL, v/v) at 0 °C was added portionwise compound A-102 (45 g, 0.27 mol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the pH was adjusted to 8 by addition of saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 0 °C. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2 ^χ 200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound A-105 (40 g, 98% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 3.37-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.09 (m, 4H), 1.34 (s, 6H).

[00235] Example 6A: (j?)-N-(2.2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-ylidene)-l-phenylethanamin e ((R)-A- 106)

[00236] To a solution of compound A-105 (7.2 g, 47 mmol) and (i?)-l -phenylethanamine (6.8 g, 56 mmol) in toluene ( 140 ml) was added titanium tetraethoxide (32 g, 0.14 mol), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 72 hours. On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution (500 mL). Ethyl acetate (500 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 10 minutes and filtered over celite. The layers were separated, and the water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound (i?)-A-106 ( 13 g, crude, 52% purity by LCMS) as a yellow oil. The material was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (J): tR=1.337, (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 257.1.

[00237] Example 7A: (i?)-2,2-dimethyl-N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)quinuclidin-3-amine ((i?,i?)-A-107)

[00238] To a solution of compound (i?)-A-106 ( 13 g, 26 mmol, 52 % purity) in methanol (130 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium borohydride (5.0 g, 0.13 mol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C, then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. On completion, the reaction was poured into saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (500 mL), and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 1 1 g of a clear oil. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5 : 1) to give compound (i?J?)-A-107 (7.3 g, 58% yield for two steps) as a clear oil. i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.18 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.06-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 1H), 1.81- 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.31 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.30-1.26 (m, 1H), 1.21(s, 3H).

[00239] Example 8A: (i?)-2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-amine ((i?)-A-104)

[00240] To a solution of compound (i?J?)-A-107 (5.3 g, 21 mmol) in methanol ( 100 mL) was added 10% palladium / carbon, 50% wet (1.5 g) under nitrogen. The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight under hydrogen (50 psi). On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound (i?)-A-104 (3.0 g, 93% yield) as a white semi- solid. ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 3.28-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.73 (m, 3H), 1.92-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.44 (m, 1H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 3H).

[00241] Example 9A: (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-ylidene)-l-phenylethanamine (($)-A- 106)

[00242] To a solution of compound A-105 (4.1 g, 27 mmol) and (iS)-l -phenylethanamine (3.9 g, 32 mmol) in toluene (40 mL) were added acetic acid (1.6 g, 27 mmol) and 4A-molecular sieve (1.0 g). The mixture was heated at reflux for 72 hours. On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to give compound (S)-A-106 (8.5 g, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS showed 38% purity. This material was used for the next step directly without further purification. LCMS (J): tR=1.228, (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 257.2.

[00243] Example 10A: (^^^-dimethyl-N-i^-l-phenylethy quinuclidin-S-amine ((£,£)-A-107)

[00244] To a solution of compound (S)-A-106 (8.5 g, 13 mmol, 38 % purity) in methanol (80 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium borohydride (2.4 g, 63 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 °C, then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 8.0 g of a clear oil. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1) to give compound (S,S)-A-107 (1.8 g, 26% yield for two steps) as a clear oil. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.19 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.27- 3.21 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 1H), 1.84-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.31 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.23(s, 3H), 1.15-1.14 (m, 1H).

[00245] Example 11A: (S)-2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-amine ((£)-A-104)

[00246] To a solution of compound (S,S)-A-101 (1.8 g, 7.0 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) was added 10% palladium/ carbon, 50% wet (0.4 g) under nitrogen. The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The resulting mixture was stirred under hydrogen (50 psi) at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound ( )-A-104 (1.0 g, 93% yield) as a white semi- solid. ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 3.44-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.07-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

[00247] Example 12A: -methylenequinuclidin-3-one (A-108)

A 108

[00248] To a mixture of quinuclidin-3-one (30 g, 0.24 mol) in ethanol / water (0.65 L, 2.5: 1) was added dimethylamine (49 g, 0.36 mol) in one portion, followed by formaldehyde (28 g, 0.36 mol) in one portion at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 10 min, the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours, and then stirred at 70 °C for 16 hours. TLC showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by distillation to give compound A-108 (14 g, 43% yield) as yellow oil. GCMS: tR=5.629, (EI ⁺ ) m/z (M) = 137.2. [00249] Example 13A: l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo 2.2.2]octan]-3'-one (A-109)

A ^" 108 A ^" 109

[00250] To a solution of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide (42 g, 0.19 mol) in anhydrous

tetrahydrofuran (500 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium hydride (7.6 g, 0.19 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour, and compound A-108 (20 g, 0.15 mol) was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. GCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL) and water (200 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 ^χ 600 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 400 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by aluminum oxide column chromatography [petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to give compound A-109 (4.8 g, 22% yield) as a white solid. GCMS: tR=7.253, (Ef ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 151.1, i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 3.09-3.03 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.12 (m, 2H).

[00251] Example 14A: r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-one oxime hydrochloride (A- 110)

[00252] To a mixture of compound A-109 (1.0 g, 6.6 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (5 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.48 g, 7.0 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was cooled to room temperature, resulting in formation of a precipitate. The precipitation was collected by filtration to give compound A-110 (0.80 g, 60% yield) as a white solid.

[00253] Example 15A: (+/-)-r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-a mine (rac-A-

111)

[00254] To a mixture of compound A-110 (1.0 g, 4.9 mmol) in n- propyl alcohol (10 mL) was added sodium propoxide (0.40 g, 4.9 mmol sodium in 2 mL n-propyl alcohol) at room temperature. The solution was heated to 100 °C, and sodium (1.1 g, 49 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 8 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (2 mL), concentrated in vacuo, diluted with dichloromethane and filtered. The resulting filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give rac-A-111 (0.50 g, 67% yield) as a yellow oil.

[00255] Example 16A: (i?)-l-phenyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- ylidene)ethanamine ((i?)-A-112)

[00256] To a solution of compound A-109 (2.0 g, 13 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (30 mL) was added (i?)-l -phenylethanamine (1.6 g, 13 mmol) and ethyl titanate (9.1 g, 40 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 1 10 °C for 48 hours. On completion, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound (i?)-A-112 (3.2 g, crude) as a yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (J): tR=1.594, (ES ⁺⁾ m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 255.1.

[00257] Example 17A: (i?)-N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)-l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-amine ((R,R)-A- 113)

[00258] To a mixture of compound (i?)-A-112 (3.2 g, 13 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (30 mL) was added sodium borohydride (1.0 g, 25 mmol) slowly at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction was quenched with water ( 10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography

[dichloromethane: methanol = 5 : 1] to give compound (i?,i?)-A-113 ( 1.1 g, 41% yield for two steps) as a yellow oil. Ti-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.34-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 3H), 1.90-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.12-1.07 (m, 1H) , 0.85-0.80 (m, 1H), 0.59-0.47 (m, 2H).

[00259] Example 18A: (i?)-r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-am ine ((R)-A- 111)

[00260] To a mixture of compound (i?,i?)-A-113 ( 1.4 g, 5.5 mmol) in anhydrous methanol ( 15 mL) was added 10% palladium hydroxide/ carbon, 50% wet (600 mg) under nitrogen. The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The resulting mixture was stirred under hydrogen (40 psi) at 28 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound (i?)-A-lll (0.75 g, 90% yield) as a light yellow oil. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 3.04-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.76 (m, 3H), 1.92-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.95 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.77 (m, 1H), 0.58-0.49 (m, 2H).

[00261] Example 19A: (5)-l -phenyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3'- ylidene)ethanamine (( -A-112)

[00262] To a solution of compound A-109 (2.0 g, 13 mmol ) in anhydrous toluene (30 mL) was added (iS)-l -phenylethanamine ( 1.6 g, 13 mmol) and ethyl titanate (9.1 g,40 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 1 10 °C for 48 hours. On completion, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound (S)-A-112 (2.3 g, crude) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (J): tR=1.295, (ES ⁺⁾ m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 255.1.

[00263] Example 20A: (^-N-i^-l-phenylethy -l '-azaspiroCcyclopropane-l^'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-amine ((S,S)- A- 113)

[00264] To a mixture of compound ( )-A-112 (2.3 g, crude) in anhydrous methanol (25 mL) was added sodium borohydride (1.0 g, 25 mmol) slowly at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction was quenched by water (8 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 25 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [dichloromethane: methanol = 5 : 1] to give compound (S,S)-A-113 (1.0 g,

37%) yield for two steps) as a yellow oil. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.32-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.18 (m, lH), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.64 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.26 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.08-1.04 (m, 1H) , 0.82-0.78 (m, 1H), 0.56-0.46 (m, 2H).

[00265] Example 21A: (5)-r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-ami ne ((iS)-A- 111)

[00266] To a mixture of compound (S,S)-A-113 (1.0 g, 3.9 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (10 mL) was added 10% palladium hydroxide/ carbon, 50% wet (400 mg) under nitrogen. The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The mixture was stirred under hydrogen (40 psi) at 28 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound ( )-A-lll (0.55 g, 92% yield) as a light yellow oil. ^l - NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 3.04-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.75 (m, 3H), 1.97-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.95 (m, 1H), 0.81-0.76 (m, 1H), 0.58-0.49 (m, 2H).

[00267] Example IB: methyl 6-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-101)

B ^" 101

[00268] To a mixture of 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (50 g, 0.32 mol) and methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (40 g, 0.38 mol) in dimethylsulfoxide (500 mL) was added triethylamine (96 g, 0.95 mol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water (4 L), resulting in formation of a solid. The mixture was stirred for half an hour, and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-101 (80 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 227.0.

[00269] Exampl -chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-102)

B ^" 101 B 102

[00270] To a solution of compound B-101 (10 g, 44 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and water ( 10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (5.6 g, 0.13 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran and poured into water (400 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-102 (5.6 g, 60% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 212.9. [00271] Example 3B: methyl 5-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene- -carboxylate (B-103)

[00272] To a mixture of 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (10 g, 54 mmol) in anhydrous dimethyl formamide (100 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (5.7 g, 45 mmol) and K ₂ C0 ₃ (19 g, 135 mmol). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 6 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water (500 mL), resulting in formation of a solid. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-103 (4 g, 31% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 227.0.

[00273] Example -chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carb

B ^" 103 B ^" 104

[00274] To a mixture of compound B-103 (4.0 g, 18 mmol) in methanol (80 mL) and water (40 mL) was added potassium hydroxide (2.0 g, 2.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol and poured into water (400 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-104 (3.5 g, 93% yield) as a white solid.

[00275] Example 5B: 4,5-dichloro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (B-105)

B ^" 105

[00276] A soultion of 4,5-dichloro-2-nitrotoluene (8.0 g, 39 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetai (15 mL, 0.12 mol) was heated at reflux at 140 °C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and added dropwise to a solution of sodium periodate (25 g, 0.12 mol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) and water (75 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, and then filtered to remove solids. The filtrate was extracted with toluene (2 x 15 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (2 x 30 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-105 (1.8 g, 21% yield) as a white solid. ^-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 10.42 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H). [00277] Example 6B: methyl 5,6-dichlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-106)

B 105 B 106

[00278] A solution of compound B-105 (1.6 g, 7.1 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.0 g, 14 mmol) in N, N- dimethylformamide (20 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min. Methyl 2-sulfanylacetate (0.90 g, 8.5 mmol) was added slowly, and the reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min and at 30 °C for 15 hours. On completion, the reaction was quenched with water (10 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 30: 1] to give compound B-106 (1.5 g, 81% yield) as a light yellow solid.

[00279] Example 7B: methyl 5,6-dichlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-107)

[00280] To a solution of compound B-106 (0.50 g, 1.9 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.14 g, 5.7 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 30 ^° C for 16 hours. On completion, the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol. The pH was adjusted to 6 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-107 (0.40 g, 85% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 200.9.

[00281] Example -methylbenzo[b]thiophene- -carboxylate (B-108)

[00282] A mixture of 2-fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 14 mmol), ethyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.8 g, 17 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.0 g, 29 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 4 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into ice-water, resulting in formation of a solid. The mixture was stirred for 30 min., and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-108 (2.2 g, 74% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00283] Example 9B: 5-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-109) [00284] To a solution of compound B-108 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran methanol/water (1 : 1 : 1, 15 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.12 g, 2.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove

tetrahydrofuran and methanol and poured into water (10 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-109 (0.10 g, 54% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 193.1.

[00285] Example 10B: methyl 6-bro iophene-2-carboxylate (B-110)

[00286] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (10 g, 49 mmol) and methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (7.8 g, 74 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (100 mL) was added potassium carbonate (13 g, 99 mmol) portionwise at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into ice-water, resulting in formation of a solid. The mixture was stirred for 30 min., and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 7: 1] to give compound B-110 (8.1 g, 61% yield) as a white solid.

[00287] Example 11B: methyl 6-cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-lll)

[00288] To a solution of compound B-110 (2.7 g, 10 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic acid (0.73 g, 10 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (50 mL) under N ₂ was added

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.54 g, 0.47 mmol), followed by a solution of potassium phosphate (3.2 g, 15 mmol) in water (5 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour before being heated to reflux for 7 hours. On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 60: 1] to give compound B-lll (1.8 g, 70% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 233.0.

[00289] -cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-112)

[00290] To a solution of compound B-lll (0.52 g, 2.2 mmol) in methanol/water (1 : 1, 10 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.18 g, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydroiuran and poured into water (20 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL> 3). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-112 (0.38 g, 78% yield) as a white solid.

[00291] Example 13B: methyl 5-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-113)

[00292] To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (6.0 g, 30 mmol) and methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (3.8 g, 35mmol) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (50 mL) was added triethylamine (8.97 g, 89 mmol) portionwise at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into ice -water resulting in formation of a solid. The mixture was stirred for 30 min., and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 7: 1] to give compound B-113 (5.5 g, 69% yield) as a white solid.

[00293] Example 14B: methyl 5-cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbox late (B-114)

[00294] To a solution of compound B-113 (4.5 g, 17 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic acid (1.6 g, 18 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (30 mL) under N ₂ was added

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.98 g, 0.83 mmol), followed by a solution of potassium phosphate (5.3 g, 25 mmol) in water (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour before being heated to reflux for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The resulting filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 40: 1-15: 1] to give compound B-114 (2.8 g, 73% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 233.0.

[00295] Example 15B : 5-cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-115)

[00296] To a solution of compound B-114 (0.80 g, 3.4 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.43 g, 10 mmol), the result mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydroiuran and was then poured into water (20 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (60 mL> 3). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-115 (0.70 g, 92% yield) as a white solid.

[00297] Example 16B: methyl 6-cyanobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-116)

NC. ^ HSCH ₂ C0 ₂ Me ^NC ^^-S

v -C0 ₂ Me

_CHO TEA' DMSO' 0 80 °C

B ^" 116

[00298] To a solution of 3-fluoro-4-formylbenzonitrile (3.6 g, 24 mmol) and triethylamine (4.8 g, 48 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (40 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (3.1 g, 29 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred at 80 °C overnight. On completion, the solution was poured into ice water, and the resulting mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give

compound B-116 (4.0 g, 77% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00299] Example 17B: 6-cyanobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-117)

B ^" 116 B ^" 117

[00300] To a solution of B-116 (4.0 g, 18 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) and water (20 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (1.5 g, 37 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated to remove most of the methanol, and then the pH was adjusted to 4-5, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried to give compound B-117 (3.4 g, 91% yield) as a brown solid.

[00301] Example 18B: (3-bromophenyl)(2,2-dimethoxypropyl)sulfane (B-118)

[00302] To a mixture of 3-bromobenzenethiol (8.7 g, 46 mmol) and l-bromo-2,2- dimethoxypropane (8.4 g, 46 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) was added potassium carbonate (9.5 g, 69 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound B-118 (13 g, 97% yield) as colorless oil.

[00303] Example 19B: 6-bromo-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene & 4-bromo-3- methylbenzo[b]thiophene (B-119 & B-120) B ^" 120 [00304] To a mixture of polyphosphoric acid (130 g) in chlorobenzene (100 mL) at reflux was added dropwise a solution of B- 118 (13 g, 45 mmol) in chlorobenzene (130 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 5 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water (200 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 ^χ 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1:0] to give compound B-119 & B-120 (8.0 g, 79% yield) as a colorless oil.

[00305] Example 20B: methyl 3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxylate & methyl 3- methylbenzo[b] thiophene-4-carboxylate (B-121)

B 119 B ^" 120 B 121

[00306] To a mixture of compound B-119 & B-120 (0.50 g, 2.2 mmol), 1,3- bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (0.45 g, 1.1 mmol) and palladium acetate (0.12 g, 0.55 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added triethylamine (0.67 g, 6.6 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight in a 50 mL autoclave at 110 °C under carbon monoxide (1.5 MPa). On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1:0] to give compound B-121 (0.20 g, 44% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.856., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M) ⁺ = 207.1.

[00307] Exa

[00308] To a solution of compound B-121 (0.18 g, 0.87 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL), methanol (5mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (73 mg, 1.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran and poured into water (50 mL). The pH was adjusted to 3 with 4M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-122 (0.16 g, 95% yield) as a white solid.

[00309] Example 22B: methyl 2,3-dihydro-[l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxylate (B-123)

B ^" 123 [00310] To a mixture of methyl 4,5-dihydroxypicolinate (1.0 g, 5.9 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (70 mL) was added potassium carbonate (8.2 g, 59 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (2.4 g, 13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 115 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water three times. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-123 (0.80 g, 69% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00311] Exampl -dihydro-[l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (B-124)

[00312] To a mixture of compound B-123 (0.80 g, 4.1 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) and water (40 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (1.6 g, 41 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was adjusted to pH=5.0 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, evaporated to removed methanol and extracted with dichloromethane three times. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-124 (0.70 g, 94% yield) as a yellow solid: LCMS (A): tR=0.168 min., 182.0 m/z (M+l).

[00313] Example 24B: l-((4-bromophenyl)thio)propan-2-one (B-125)

[00314] To a mixture of 4-bromobenzenethiol (20 g, 0.11 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (150 mL) was added l-chloropropan-2-one (9.9 g, 0.11 mol) and potassium carbonate (29 g, 0.21 mol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed four times with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-125 (25 g, crude) as a yellow oil which was used for the next step without another purification : LCMS (B): tR=0.828 min., 246.9 m/z (M+l).

[00315] Example -bromo-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene (B-126)

[00316] To a mixture of compound B-125 (25 g, 0.10 mol) in toluene (400 mL) was added poly- phosphoric acid (0.15 kg) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 hours. On completion, the reaction was poured into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1) to give compound B-126 (16 g, 69% yield) as a yellow oil. [00317] Example 26B: 3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-5-carboxylic acid (B-127)

[00318] To a mixture of compound B-126 (2.0 g, 8.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added magnesium (0.32 g, 13 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (0.17 g, 0.88 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours, and then the reaction was stirred at -40 °C under carbon dioxide gas overnight. On completion, the reaction was poured into water and washed with ethyl acetate. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 5.0 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a sold. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-127 (0.5 g, 30% yield) as a white solid: LCMS (B): tR=0.764 min., 193.1 m/z (M+l).

[00319] Exa

[00320] To a mixture of 6-bromobenzofuran ( 1.0 g, 5.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added magnesium (0.19 g, 7.6 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (95 mg, 0.51 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours, and then the reaction was stirred at -40 °C under carbon dioxide gas overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=5.0 with hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-128 (0.20 g, 24% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00321] -methylbenzo[d]oxazole-5-carboxylic acid (B-129)

[00322] To a solution of methyl 2-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-5-carboxylate (0.50 g, 2.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (1: 1 : 1, 15 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.22 g, 5.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was acidified by hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography

[petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1 : 1] to give compound B-129 (0.30 g, 65% yield) as a white solid.

[00323] -methylbenzo[d]oxazole-6-carboxylic acid (B-130)

B 130 [00324] To a solution of methyl 2-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-6-carboxylate (2.0 g, 10 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (1: 1 : 1, 15 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.88 g, 21 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-130 (1.2 g, 65% yield) as a white solid.

[00325] Example 30B: ethyl 5-iodo-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate (B-131)

B 131

[00326] To a solution of ethyl 6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate (2.0 g, 12 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added N-iodosuccinimide (4.1 g, 18 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the solution was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 15: 1] to give compound B-131 (3.0 g, 85% yield) as a brown solid.

[00327] Example 31B: ethyl 6-oxo-5 6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate (B-132)

B ^" 131 B ^" 132

To a mixture of B-131 (2.8 g, 9.6 mmol), potassium trifluoro(vinyl)borate (1.3 g, 9.7 mmol), sodium carbonate (1.3 g, 12 mmol) in NN-dimethyl formamide (30 mL) and water (6 mL) was added

[00328] tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (1.1 g, 0.96 mmol) at room temperature. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with nitrogen several times, then stirred at 100 °C for 16 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x40 mL). The combined organic layers ware washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column

chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-132 (0.75 g, 41% yield) as a yellow oil.

[00329] Example 32B: ethyl 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (B-133)

[00330] A solution of B-132 (0.45 g, 2.3 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (0.31 g, 2.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) and water (4 mL) was stirred at 5 °C for 4 hours. Triethylamine (0.70 g, 6.9 mmol) was added to the mixture, and the reaction was stirred at 60 °C for another 4 hours. On completion, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers ware washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to give compound B-133 (0.38 g, 78% yield) as a brown oil.

[00331] Example 33B: ethyl furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (B-134)

[00332] To a solution of B-133 (0.38 g, 1.8 mmol) and triethylamine (0.27 g, 2.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added methane sulfonyl chloride (0.31 g, 2.7 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. On completion, the reaction was quenched with water (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers ware washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give

compound B-134 (0.22 g, 64% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.693., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 192.1.

[00333] Example 34B: furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (B-135)

[00334] To a solution of B-134 (0.22 g, 1.2 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) and water (3 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (96 mg, 2.4 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated to remove methanol, and the pH was adjusted to 4-5, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-135 (0.15 g, 77% yield) as a white solid.

[00335] Example 35B: 4-oxidofuro[3,2-b]pyridin-4-ium (B-136)

[00336] To a solution of furo[3,2-b]pyridine (1.0 g, 8.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added metachloroperbenzoic acid (2.5 g, 14 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with 1 M aqueous potassium hydroxide (50 ml). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was poured into dichloromethane (10 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound B-136 (1.0 g, 87% yield) as yellow oil : LCMS (C): tR=1.070 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 136.0. [00337] Example 36B: furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (B-137)

[00338] To a solution of compound B-136 (1 g, 7.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) was added a solution of trimethylsilyl cyanide (8 g, 81 mmol) in dichloromethane (35 ml). Then a solution of benzoyl chloride (11 g, 78 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 ml) was added dropwise. After vigorous stirring at room temperature overnight, the solvent was evaporation. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 2: 1) to give compound B-137 (730 mg, 68% yield) as light yellow solid: LCMS (A): tR=0.507 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 145.0.

[00339] Example -b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (B-138)

B ^" 137 B ^" 138

[00340] To a solution of compound B-137 (450 mg, 3 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and water (2.5 mL) was added potassium hydroxide (1.2 g, 20 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hours. After evaporation to remove ethanol, the mixture was washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 5-6 with IN hydrochloric acid and extracted with DCM (15 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound B-138 (254 mg, 50% yield): i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=4.4 Ηζ, ΙΗ), δ 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Ηζ,ΙΗ), 8.07 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=1.6

[00341] Example 38B: benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (B-139) WieoH' H ₂ 0' rt ^" 50 °C 16 * _{HO C} ^ ^

B ^" 139

[00342] To a mixture of methyl benzofuran-5-carboxylate (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.45 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. On completion, the mixture was adjusted to pH = 5-6 with 4 M

hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-139 (0.61 g, 65% yield) as a white solid.

[00343] Example 39B: 2-chlorobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (B-140)

-O n~BU|_i< NCS

// ► I II /?- ^a

THF' 70 25 °C 3 h H0 ₂ C

B ^" 139 B ^" 140

[00344] To a solution of compound B-139 (0.70 g, 4.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at -70 °C was added n-butyl lithium (4.3 ml, 11 mmol, 2.5M in n-hexane) portionwise over half an hour. Then N-chlorosuccinimide (1.7 g, 13 mmol) was added portionwise, and the solution was stirred for another half an hour. The mixture was allowed to warmed to room temperature and stirred for another 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (3 mL) at 0 °C and concentrated to remove tetrahydrofurn. The pH was adjusted to 4 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give crude compound B-140 (500 mg, crude) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (DMSO- ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H).

[00345] Exa -(allyloxy)-3-iodobenzoa -141)

B ^" 141

[00346] To a solution of methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzoate (21 g, 76 mmol) and 3-bromoprop-l - ene (14 g, 0.1 1 mol) in anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (200 mL) under nitrogen was added sodium hydride (4.5 g, 0.1 1 mol, 60%) portionwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. On completion, the reaction was diluted with water ( 100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-141 (25 g, 90% yield) as a tan solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.916., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 319.0.

[00347] Example 41B: methyl 3-methylbenzofuran-5-carboxylate (B-142)

[00348] To a solution of compound B-141 (2.0 g, 6.3 mmol) in anhydrous N, N- dimethylformamide (20 mL) under nitrogen was added palladium acetate (70 mg, 0.31 mmol), sodium carbonate (1.7 g, 16 mmol), sodium formate (0.43 g, 6.3 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (1.7 g, 6.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 48 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-142 (0.5 g, 45% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.842., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 191.1.

[00349] Examp -methylbenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (B-143) [00350] To a solution of compound B-142 (0.55 g, 2.9 mmol) in methanol/water (10: 1, 11 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.23 g, 5.8 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. On completion, the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water (10 mL), and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 5 with 2 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-143 (0.47 g, 96% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.708., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 177.1. ^-NMR (CD ₃ C1, 400 MHz): δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.10 (dd, Jx=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

[00351] Example 43B: methyl 2,3-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylate (B-144)

[00352] A mixture of methyl benzofuran-5-carboxylate (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) and S0 ₂ C1 ₂ (3.0 g, 22.7 mmol) in dicloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 4 hours. TLC showed a new spot formed. On completion, the reaction was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel

chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-144 (0.42 g, 30% yield) as an oil.

[00353] Examp

[00354] A mixture of compound B-144 (0.42 g, 1.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.71 g, 5.1 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. On completion, the mixture was filtered ,and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude compound B-145 (0.35 g, 97% yield) as a white solid.

[00355] Example -chlorobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (B-146)

[00356] A mixture of compound B-145 (0.35 g, 1.7 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (0.14 g, 3.4 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol. The residue was poured into water, and the pH was adjusted to 3, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-146 (0.26 g, 80% yield). [00357] Exampl

[00358] To a mixture of thiophene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde (2.0 g, 14 mmol) and methyl 2-acetamido- 2-(dimethoxyph osphoryl)acetate (3.4 g, 14 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwisel,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (2.4 g, 16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1.5 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with

dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-147 (1.5 g, 54% yield) as a white solid.

[00359] Example -c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (B-148)

B 147 B 148

[00360] To a solution of compound B-147 (0.50 g, 2.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL), methanol (5mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.22 g, 5.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran and poured into water (400 mL). The pH was adjusted to 5 with 4M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-148 (0.50 g, crude) as a yellow solid.

[00361] )

[00362] Methyl 6-bromobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (1.4 g, 5.0 mmol), morpholine (0.65 g, 7.5 mmol), cesium carbonate (3.3 g, 10 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.46 g, 0.50 mmol) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (0.24 g, 0.50 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was de-gassed and then heated to 100 °C for 16 hours under nitrogen. On completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL ^χ 3). The organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to afford the compound B-149 (0.95 g, crude) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): 7.95 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.24 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.90 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.27 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H).

[00363] E -morpholinobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-150)

B 149 B 150

[00364] A mixture of compound B-149 (0.50 g, 1.8 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (0.42 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 20 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and poured into water (20 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate (20 mL ^χ 2), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (40mL ^χ 2), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-150 (0.36 g, 75% yield) as faint yellow solid. Ti-NMR

(CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.06-8.00 (m, 3H), 7.54 (d, J=9.2, 2.0 Hz, IH), 4.04 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 3.27 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 4H).

[00365] (B-151)

[00366] A mixture of methyl 6-bromobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (1.4 g, 5.0 mmol), piperidin- 4-one (0.75 g, 7.5 mmol), cesium carbonate (3.3 g, 10 mmol),

tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.46 g, 0.50 mmol) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'- triisopropylbiphenyl (0.24 g, 0.50 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was de-gassed and then heated to 100 °C for 12 hours under nitrogen. On completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (30 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to afford compound B-151 (0.46 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (A): tR=0.845 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 289.9.

[00367] Example 51B: methyl 6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylat e (B- 152)

B 151 B 152 [00368] A mixture of compound B-151 (0.30 g, 1.0 mmol) and diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (0.50 g, 3.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. On completion, the mixture was added into saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) at 0 °C. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL ^χ 3). The organic phases were combined and washed with brine (20mL ^χ 2), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 50-80% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] to give compound B-152 (0.16 g, 49% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.95 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.43 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.21 (d, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.49 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 4H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 4H).

[00369] Example 52B: 6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-

153)

B 152 B 153

[00370] A mixture of compound B-152 (0.16 g, 0.51 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (0.11 g, 2.6 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and poured into water (10 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL ^χ 2), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (20mL ^χ 2), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-153 (0.11 g, 74% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.90 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.43 (s, IH), 7.20 (d, J=9.2,

2.0 Hz, IH), 3.48 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 4H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 4H).

[00371] Example -fluoro-4-isopropoxybenzaldehyde (B-154)

[00372] To a mixture of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2.0 g, 14 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.9 g, 29 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at 25 °C under nitrogen was added 2- bromopropane (2.0 g, 16 mmol). The mixture was heated to 80 °C for 10 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 3). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL ^χ 5), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography

[petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to afford compound B-154 (1.6 g, crude) as a colorless liquid.

¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 10.11 (s, IH), 7.86-7.77 (m, IH), 6.88-6.64 (m, 2H), 4.79-4.64 (m, IH), 1.37 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 4H). [00373] Example 54B: methyl 6-isopropoxybenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-155)

[00374] To a solution of compound B-154 (1.0 g, 5.5 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.3 g, 16 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.2 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 8 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate 270 mL (90 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine 120 mL (20 mL ^χ 6), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-155 (1.9 g, crude) as black brown liquid, which was used directly without further purification. LCMS (B): tR=0.946 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 251.0.

[00375] Exa -isopropoxybenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-156)

B 155 B ^" 156

[00376] A mixture of compound B-155 (1.96 g, 7.8 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (1.6 g, 39 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 2.5 hours under nitrogen. On completion, the mixture was concentrated and poured into water (60 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate (20 mL ^χ 3), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (70 mL ^χ 3). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (50 mL ^χ 3), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-156 (1.0 g, 54% yield) as a red solid. ¾-

NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.00-6.98 (m, 1H), 4.74-4.67 (m, 1H), 1.35 (d, J=4.4Hz, 4H).

[00377] Example 56B: methyl 6-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-157)

[00378] To a mixture of 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde (0.50 g, 2.5 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.26 g, 2.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.41 g, 3.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-157 (0.62 g, 93% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (A): tR=0.709 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 271.0. [00379] Example 57B: 6-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-158)

SO,IVie

Meo ₂ C→^ II »► H0 ₂ C _→

MeoH' H ₂ 0' 40 °C overnight N^.

B ^" 157 _B - ₁₅₈

[00380] To a mixture of compound B-157 (0.62 g, 2.3 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and water (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.19 g, 4.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and adjusted to pH to 3.0 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-158 (0.52 g, 89% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00381] Example 58B: methyl 6-nitrobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (B-159)

S _^ /^ _j N^ SOCI ₂ ,' MeoH S

H0 ₂ C— ά \\ Ί ► Meo ₂ C— (

60 °C' overnight ^

B ^" 159

[00382] To a solution of 6-nitrobenzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (0.98 g, 4.4 mmol) in methanol

(10 mL) at 0 °C was added thionyl chloride (0.78 g, 6.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated to give compound B-159 (1.1 g, 97% yield) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification.

[00383] Example 59B: methyl 6-aminobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (B-160)

[00384] To a solution of compound B-159 (1.1 g, 4.6 mmol) in ethanol (4 mL) and saturated NH ₄ CI aqueous (2 mL) under nitrogen was added iron powder (1.3 g, 23 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated, and the product was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 6: 1] to give compound B- 160 (0.65 g, 87% yield) as a pale yellow solid.

[00385] Example 60B: methyl 6-azidobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (B-161)

s-- _r ^¾ _¾T / ^NH2 TMSN3' t B ^u ONO S

Meo ₂ C [ Meo ₂ C— ά

THF' 0 °C rt' 3 h ² .

B ^" 160 _B - ₆

[00386] To a solution of compound B-160 (0.65 g, 3 mmol) in tetrahyrofuran (2 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwise tert-butyl nitrite (1.8 g, 17 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes.

Azidotrimethylsilane (0.82 g, 7.1 mmol) was then added dropwise. The mixture stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes and at room temperature for 2.5 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was

concentrated, and the product was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-161 (0.45 g, 62% yield) as a pale yellow solid. [00387] Example 61B: methyl 6-(4-trimethylsilyltriazol-l-yl)benzothiophene-2-carboxylate (B- 162)

TO|uene ^> ref|ux ^> overnjght

B 161 B 162

[00388] To a solution of compound B-161 (0.38 g, 1.6 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) under nitrogen was added ethynyltrimethylsilane (0.18 g, 1.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to give compound B-162 (0.25 g, 45% yield) as light yellow solid.

[00389] )

B 162 B 163

[00390] To a solution of compound B-162 (0.25 g, 0.74 mmol) in tetrahyrofuran (2 mL) was added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (0.29 g, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give compound B-163 (0.19 g, 97 % yield) as a yellow solid.

[00391] Ex -(triazol-l-yl)benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-164)

B 163 B 164

[00392] To a solution of compound B-163 (0.19 g, 0.72 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and water (2 mL) was added LiOH H ₂ 0 (37 mg, 0.89 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. After evaporation of methanol, the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 5-6 with IN hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-164 (0.17 g, 97% yield) as a white solid: LCMS (E): tR=1.003 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 246.0.

[00393] Example 64B: methyl 6-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-165)

K ₂ C0 ₃ ' Pd(dppf)CI ₂ ^' CH ₂ CI ₂

Di0xane/H ₂ O' 101 °C 48 r B ^" 165 [00394] To a solution of methyl 6-bromobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H ₂ 0 (6 mL) under nitrogen was added K ₂ C0 ₃ (1.5 g, 11 mmol),

Pd(dppf)Cl ₂ CH ₂ C1 ₂ (301 mg, 0.37 mmol) and 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolane (930 mg, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 101 °C for 48 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography

(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 16 : 1) to give compound B-165 (300 mg, 60% yield) as a white solid. i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.36 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.59 (m, 2H).

[00395] Example 65B: methyl 6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B- 166)

[00396] To a solution of compound B-165 (300 mg, 1.1 mmol) in ethanol (8 mL) under nitrogen was added palladium/carbon (5%, 100 mg). The suspension was degassed in vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The mixture was stirred under hydrogen (balloon) at 28 °C overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound B- 166 (300 mg, 99% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.90 (s , 1H), 2.91-2.85 (m, 4H).

[00397] Example 66B: 6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B- 167)

[00398] To compound B-166 (0.3 g, 1.1 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (78 mg, 1.87 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 5-6 with 4 N hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-167 (260 mg, 92%) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.99 (s 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.70 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.82 (m, 4H). [00399] Example 67B: 2,3-difluoro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (B-168)

B 168

[00400] To a mixture of l,2-difluoro-3-methoxybenzene (3.0 g, 21 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise tert-butyllithium (19 mL, 25 mmol, 1.3 M in n-pentane). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes, then NN- dimethylformamide (6.1 g, 83 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at - 70 °C for another 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-168 (4.0 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.661 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =173.1.

[00401] Examp -fluoro-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-169)

[00402] To a mixture of compound B-168 (4.0 g, 23 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (60 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (2.5 g, 23 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.9 g, 28 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-169 (4.0 g, 72% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.869 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 241.0.

[00403] Exa -fluoro-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-170)

B 169 B 170

[00404] To a mixture of compound B-169 (2.5 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (14 mL) and water (7 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.87 g, 21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and adjusted to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-170 (2.0 g, 85% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.739 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 227.1. [00405] Example 70B: 3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (B-171)

[00406] To a mixture of 2-chloro-l-fluoro-3-methylbenzene (1.0 g, 6.9 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise tert-butyllithium (6.4 mL, 8.3 mmol, 1.3 M in n-pentane). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes, and then NN- dimethylformamide (2.0 g, 28 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at - 70 °C for another 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-171 (1.5 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.797 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 173.1.

[00407] Example 71B: methyl 7-chloro-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-172)

e

[00408] To a solution of compound B-171 (1.5 g, 8.7 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.92 g, 8.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.4 g, 10 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-172 (1.2 g, 57% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.953 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 241.0.

[00409] Example 72B: 7-chloro-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-173)

e

[00410] To a mixture of compound B-172 (0.6 g, 2.5 mmol) in methanol (14 mL) and water (7 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.21 g, 5.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and adjusted to pH = 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-173 (0.50 g, 89% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (A): tR=0.842 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 227.0. [00411] Examp -fluor -6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-174)

[00412] To a mixture of 2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (1 g, 6.4 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (40 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.68 g, 6.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.06 g, 7.68 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-174 (0.85 g, 59% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.918 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 225.1.

[00413] Example 74B: 7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-175)

B ^" 174 Β 75

[00414] To a mixture of compound B-174 (0.45 g, 2.0 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.13 g, 3.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and adjusted to pH = 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-175 (0.35 g, 83% yield) as a white solid.

[00415] Example 75B: methyl 2-((2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)thio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6- carboxylate (B-176)

c Ν S C0 ₂ Me

CI Ν CI 1 ^: HSCH ₂ C0 ₂ Me' DIPEA' DCM Meo ₂ C— ( Y Y ^

¾^\^ ^N 2 ^: DIPEA DMF' 120 °C12 h

B ^" 176

[00416] To a solution of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (0.22 g, 1.2 mmol) in

dichloromethane (30 mL) under nitrogen was added diisopropylethylamine (0.16 g, 1.2 mmol). Then a solution of methyl 2-sulfanylacetate (0.26 g, 2.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) was added dropwise over 10 min. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (40 mL), and diisopropylethylamine (0.16 g, 1.2 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was heated to 120 °C for 1.5 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1] to give compound B-176 (0.12 g, 32% yield) as a white solid. [00417] Example 76B: methyl 2-((2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)sulfonyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6- carboxylate (B-177)

B ^" 176 B ^" 177

[00418] To a solution of compound B-176 (0.60 g, 2.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was quenched with sodium thiosulfate, washed with water and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 2: 1] to give compound B-177 (0.36 g, 54% yield) as a white solid.

[00419]

[00420] To a solution of compound B-177 (0.30 g, 0.91 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at 0 °C was added aqueous ammonia (9.1 g, 0.26 mol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 10 °C for 5 hours, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and

concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 0: 1] to give compound B-178 (0.12 g, 63% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00421] Example 78B: 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid (B-179)

S^ ^N H _{2 NaoH} s N NH ₂

ΕίΟΗΉ ₂ 0 ^" 5:ΐ ' 80 °C 1 h ^--^

B ^" 178 B ^" 179

[00422] To a solution of compound B-178 (60 mg, 0.29 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) and water (1 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (57 mg, 1.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h, then concentrated to remove ethanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 1 with hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-179 (60 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.

[00423] Example 79B: (3, 4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)methanediol and 3,4-dichloro-2-fluoro- benzaldehyde (B-180)

[00424] To a mixture of l,2-dichloro-3-fluorobenzene (0.5 g, 3.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise 2 M lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran/n-heptane solution, 2.3 mL, 4.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 1 hour, and N, N-dimethylformamide (0.3 g, 3.6 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 1 hour. On completion, then quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (70 mL) at 0 °C and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 70 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (6 x 15 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound mixture B-180 (335 mg, 5: 1 ratio of hydrate to aldehyde by NMR) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 10.23 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 6H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 5H), 5.73 (s, 5H).

[00425] Example 80B: methyl 6, 7-dichlorobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-181)

[00426] To a solution of compound mixture B-180 (0.3 g, 1.4 mmol) in N, N- dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added potassium carbonate (0.4 g, 4.3 mmol) and methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (0.3 g, 2.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 5 hours, then diluted with water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (6 x 5 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and

concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-181 (0.3 g, crude) as a white solid. i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, lH), 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H).

[00427] Example 81B: 6, 7-dichlorobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-182)

B ^" 181 B ^" 182

[00428] A mixture of compound B-181 (0.3 g, 1.1 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.24 g, 2.8 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and water (2.5 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 10 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was added into water (50 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL), acidified to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washed with the n-hexane (3 x 2 mL) to give compound B-182 (0.23 g, 81% yield) as a white solid. i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H). [00429] Exam ate (B-183)

[00430] To a mixture of 4-chloro-2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.60 g, 5.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.6 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-183 (1.2 g, 87% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B):

tR=0.930 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =245.0.

[00431] E -chloro-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-184)

B ^" 183 ^{B"1 84}

[00432] To a mixture of compound B-183 (1.2 g, 4.9 mmol) in methanol (16 mL) and water (8 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.41 g, 9.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-184 (0.70 g, 62% yield). LCMS (B): tR=0.829 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =231.0.

[00433] Example 84B: (4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanediol and 4-chloro-2- fluoro-3-(trifluoro

[00434] To a mixture of l-chloro-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (2 g, 10 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise 2 M lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran/n-heptane, 7.6 mL, 15 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then N, N-dimethylformamide (0.9 g, 12 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 1 hour, then quenched by addition of water (20 mL), acidified to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 0 °C, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound mixture B-185 (1.7 g, 11: 1 ratio of hydrate: aldehyde) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.09-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.81 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 11H), 7.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 11H), 5.75 (s, 11H).

[00435] Example 85B: methyl 6-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B- 186)

[00436] To a solution of compound mixture B-185 (0.5 g, 2 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added triethylamine (0.3 g, 3 mmol) and methyl 2-sulfanylacetate (0.3 g, 3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 20 hours, then diluted with water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-186 (0.4 g, 70% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).

[00437] Exa -chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[6] ic acid (B-187)

B 186 B 187

[00438] A mixture of compound B-186 (0.40 g, 1.4 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.40 g, 9.5 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 10 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water (50 mL), acidified to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-187 (0.3 g, 81% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.16-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.63 (m, 1H).

[00439] Example -chloro-2-fluoro-4-methoxybenzalde

B ^" 188

[00440] To a mixture of 2-chloro-l-fluoro-3-methoxybenzene (1.0 g, 6.2 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.5 M in n- hexane, 3.7mL, 9.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and N, N-dimethylformamide (0.91 g, 12 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 2 hours, then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-188 (1.0 g, crude) as a white solid.

[00441] Example 88B: methyl 7-chloro-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-189)

B ^" 188 B 189

[00442] To a mixture of compound B-188 (1.0 g, 5.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.56 g, 5.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.5 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight, then poured into ice water, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-189 (1.1 g, 81% yield). LCMS (R): tR=1.121 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 257.0.

[00443] Exa -methoxybenzo[b]thiophe -2-carboxylic acid (B-190)

B ^" 189 B ^" 190

[00444] To a mixture of compound B-189 (0.60 g, 2.3 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.20 g, 4.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-190 (0.50 g, 88% yield). LCMS (B): tR=0.765 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 243.0.

[00445] Example 90B: 2-fluoro-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (B-191)

B ^" 191

[00446] To a mixture of l-fluoro-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (0.40 g, 2.3 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.5 M in cyclohexane, 1.4 mL, 3.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at this temperature for half an hour, and N, N-dimethylformamide (0.49 g, 6.8 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 2 hours, then acidified to pH 5.0 with 6 Ν HC1 and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-191 (0.40 g, 86% yield) as yellow oil. LCMS (DD): tR=0.983 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =207.0. Example 91B: methyl 6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-

[00448] To a mixture of compound B-191 (0.38 g, 1.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.23 g, 2.2 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.51 g, 3.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 hours, then poured into water (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-192 (0.50 g, 95% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (DD): tR=1.157 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =275.0.

[00449] Example 92B: 6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-193)

B 192 B ^" 193

[00450] To a mixture of compound B-192 (0.48 g, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) and water (3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.15 g, 3.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-193 (0.40 g, 88% yield). LCMS (DD): tR=1.009 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =261.0.

[00451] Example 93B: methyl 7-chloro-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-194)

[00452] To a solution of 3-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 11 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.4 g, 17 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwise methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.4 g, 14 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, then diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-194 (1.6 g, 58% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.912 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =245.0. [00453] Exampl -chloro-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene acid (B-195)

B ^" 194 B 195

[00454] To a mixture of compound B-194 (2.5 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.82 g, 20 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 3 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The yellow solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-195 (1.5 g, 64% yield).

[00455] Example 95B: methyl 7-cyanobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-196)

[00456] To a solution of 2-chloro-3-formylbenzonitrile (1.2 g, 7.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.0 g, 15 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) at 28 °C was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.5 g, 15 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at 70 °C, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-196 (0.98 g, 62% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00457] Example 96B: 7-cyanobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-197)

Β 96 Β 97 Β 98

[00458] To a solution of B-196 (0.98 g, 4.5 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.38 g, 9.0 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour until TLC showed the reaction was complete. The solution was concentrated to remove most of methanol and acidified to pH 4-5, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-197 as a mixture with compound B-198 (0.75 g) as a white solid.

[00459] Example 97B: methyl 7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-199) [00460] To a solution of 2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 13 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.6 g, 26 mmol) in NN-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at 28 °C was added methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (1.7 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70 °C overnight, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-199 (2.5 g, 89% yield) as a white solid.

[00461] Example 98B: 7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-200)

B ^" 199 B ^" 200

[00462] To a solution of B-199 (1.0 g, 4.5 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (2 mL) at room temperature was added lithium hydroxide (0.38 g, 9.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove most of methanol and acidified to pH 4-5, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-200 (0.85 g, 91% yield). 1H-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H).

[00463] Example 99B: methyl 2-((2,3-difluoro-6-formylphenyl)thio)acetate (B-201)

B 201

[00464] To a solution of 2,3,4-trifluorobenzaldehyde (1.00 g, 6.25 mmol) and methyl 2- sulfanylacetate (663 mg, 6.25 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) at -40°C was added triethylamine (632 mg, 6.25 mmol). The reaction was stirred at this temperature for 7 hours, then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-201 (0.25 g, 17% yield) as white as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.735 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =246.0.

[00465] Example 100B: methyl 6,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-202)

B ^" 201 B 202

[00466] A mixture of compound B-201 (100 mg, 0.41mmol) and potassium carbonate (56 mg, 0.41 mmol) in NN-dimethylformamide (5.0 mL) was stirred at 50 °C for 16 hrs. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-202 (88 mg, 95% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.871 min., (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ =228.0.

[00467] Example 101B: 6,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-203)

B ^" 202 ^{B 203}

[00468] To a solution of compound B-202 (88 mg, 0.39 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) at 25 °C was added sodium hydroxide (23 mg, 0.57 mmol) and water (6.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs, then concentrated to remove tetrahydrofuran and acidified to pH 3 with 0.2 N hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-203 (76 mg, 92% yield). ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.10 (d, J=4, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (dd, ^=4, J ₂ =8.8, 1H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 1H).

[00469] Example 102B: methyl 7-cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-204)

B ^" 204

[00470] A mixture of methyl 7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (0.38 g, 4.4 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (0.26 g, 0.37 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.5 g, 11 mmol) in dixoane (15 mL) and water (3 ml) was stirred at 100 °C under nitrogen for 4 hours. On completion, the solution was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-204 (0.70 g, crude) as a yellow solid, used for the next step without further purification.

[00471] Exam -cyclopropylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-car acid (B-205)

[00472] To a mixture of compound B-204 (1.0 g, 4.3 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.55 g, 13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The yellow solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-205 (0.70 g, 75% yield). LCMS (B): tR=0.817 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =219.1. [00473] Example 104B: methyl 7-(prop-l-en-2-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-206)

B ^" 206

[00474] A solution of potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (0.33 g, 2.2 mmol), palladium chloride (6.5 mg, 37 umol), triphenylphosphine (29 mg, 0.11 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.8 g, 5.5 mmol) and methyl 7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (0.50 g, 1.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (9 mL) and water (1 mL) was stirred under nitrogen at 85 °C for 16 hours. On completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 100: 1] to give compound B-206 (0.30 g, 70% yield) as an oil. LCMS (B): (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 233.0, tR=0.997.

[00475] Example oxylate (B-207)

[00476] To a solution of compound B-206 (0.30 m, 1.3 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) under nitrogen was added wet 10% palladium/carbon (30 mg). The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with hydrogen several times. The mixture was stirred under balloon hydrogen at 30 °C for 4 hours until TLC showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by prep-HPLC-HCl [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 250*21.2 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 58-88% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give compound B-207 (0.25 g, 83% yield) as a yellow solid. T-I-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.19 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.42 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6 H).

[00477] Example 1 B-208)

[00478] To a solution of compound B-207 (0.25 g, 1.1 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (12 mL) was added aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M, 1.6 mL, 1.6 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 2 hours, then partially concentrated and acidified to pH~6 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-208 (0.20 g, 85% yield). LCMS (AA): (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 219.1, tR=0.21.

[00479] Example 107B: methyl 7-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-209)

[00480] To a mixture of 2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde (0.5 g, 2.4 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.28 g, 2.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.66 g, 4.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 hours, then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-209 (0.6 g, 90% yield) as a white solid. Ti-NMR

(CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).

[00481] Example 108B: 7-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-210)

3

B ^" 209 B ^" 210

[00482] To a mixture of compound B-209 (0.6 g, 2.3 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.14 g, 3.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH to 2 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-210 (0.48 g, 84% yield) as a white solid. i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H).

[00483] Example 109B: methyl 7-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-211)

Dioxane/Η,Ο' 101 °C' 48 h'

B 211

[00484] To a solution of methyl 7-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and water (6 mL) under nitrogen was added K ₂ C0 ₃ (1.5 g, 11 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl ₂ .CH ₂ Cl ₂ (301 mg, 0.37 mmol) and 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (930 mg, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 101 °C for 48 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography

[petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 16 : 1] to give compound B-211 (300 mg, 60% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.86 (dd, Ji=8.0 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 2H), 6.35-6.34 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.36 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.59 (m, 2H).

[00485] Example HOB: methyl 7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-212)

[00486] To a solution of compound B-211 (300 mg, 1.1 mmol) in ethanol (8 mL) under nitrogen was added Pd/C (10%, 100 mg). The suspension was degassed under vacuo and purged with hydrogen several times. The mixture was stirred under balloon hydrogen at 28 °C overnight. On completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound B-212 (300 mg, 99% yield) as a white solid. Ti-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, Ji=8.0 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.40 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.99- 1.91 (m, 4H).

[00487] Example 111B: 7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B- 213)

[00488] To compound B-212 (300 mg, 1.1 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (78 mg, 1.87 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, then acidified to pH 5-6, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-213 (260 mg, 92%). Ή-ΝΜΡ (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, Ji=8.0 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.11 (d, J=12 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.17-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.95 (m, 4H).

[00489] Example 112B: methyl 6-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-214)

OH

B ^" 214

[00490] A mixture of 4-chloro-2,5-difluorobenzaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol), ethyl 2- mercaptoacetate (0.7 g, 6.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.6 g, 11 mmol) in N, N- dimethylformamide (20 mL) was stirred at 25 °C for 24 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 3 : 1] to give compound B-214 (0.7 g, 50% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (C): tR=1.072 min., 244.9 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), δ 7.91-7.90 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.61 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).

[00491] Exam -chloro-5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-215)

B 214 B 215

[00492] To a solution of compound B-214 (0.7 g, 3.0 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5 N, 1.8 mL, 9 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water, washed with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL) and acidified to pH 3 with 6 N hydrochloric acid (6 N), resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-215 (0.6 g, 91% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (C): tR=1.21 1 min., 228.9 m/z (M-l); ¾-NMR (DMSO- 6, 400 MHz): δ 8.42-8.41 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.03 (d, J=10 Hz,

1H).

[00493] Example 114B: 5-fluoro-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-216)

[00494] To a mixture of 2,5-difluoro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (0.20 g, 1.2 mmol) and methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (0.15 g, 1.4 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide ( 10 mL) was added cesium carbonate (1.1 g, 3.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 hours. On completion, water (1.0 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirring was continued at 80 °C for half an hour. The solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water (10 mL), resulting in formation of a solid. After stirring for half an hour, the white solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give compound B-216 (231 mg, 89% yield). LCMS (B): (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 227.1, tR= 0.719.

[00495] Example 115B: (3-chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)(4-methoxybenzyl)sulfane (B-217)

[00496] To a mixture of l-bromo-3-chloro-2,4-difluoro-benzene (8.0 g, 35 mmol), (4- methoxyphenyl) methanethiol (5.4 g, 35 mmol) and NN-diisopropylethylamine (9.1 g, 70 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen were added 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9- dimethylxanthene ( 1.0 g, 1.8 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.97 g, 1.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours, then filtered, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B- 217 (9.0 g, 85% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.13 (m, 3H), 6.89-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.83-6.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H).

[00497] Example 116B: 3-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzenethiol (B-218)

[00498] A solution of compound B-217 (3.0 g, 10 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 16 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate to pH 7-8 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-218 (2.0 g, crude) as a yellow oil. TLC [petroleum ether:ethyl acetate = 10: 1]: Rf = 0.57.

[00499] Example -chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)sulfane (B-219)

B ^" 218 B ^" 219

[00500] A mixture of compound B-218 (1.5 g, 8.31 mmol), 2-bromo-l, l-diethoxy-ethane (1.8 g, 9.14 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.7 g, 12 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-219 (2.0 g, crude) as a yellow oil. [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 8: 1]: Rf = 0.70.

[00501] Example 118B: 6-chloro-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene (B-220)

[00502] A solution of compound B-219 (1.5 g, 5.6 mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (10 g, 74 mmol) in chlorobenzene (50 mL) was stirred at 130°C for 12 hours. On completion,the mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford compound B-220 (0.20 g, 18% yield) as a yellow oil. i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.59-7.57 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 1H). [00503] Example 119B: 6-chloro-5,7-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-221)

B 220 B ^" 221

[00504] To a solution of compound B-220 (0.15 g, 0.73 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at -70°C was added dropwise n-butyllithium (0.35 mL, 2.5 N in hexane, 0.88 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -70°C for 1 hour and then under carbon dioxide at -70°C for 1 hour. On completion, the mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (20 mL) at 0 °C and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep- HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι;

Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% TFA, v/v)] to give compound B-221 (80 mg, 44% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (M): tR=l .165 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =249.0.

[00505] Example 120 te (B-222)

[00506] To a mixture of 2-fluoro-3-methylbenzaldehyde ( 1.0 g, 7.2 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.5 g, 14.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.0 g, 14.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-222 (180 mg, 11% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.872 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =207.1.

[00507] Example -methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbo (B-223)

B ^" 222 B ^" 223

[00508] To a mixture of compound B-222 (150 mg, 4.9 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) and water (3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (46 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 5, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-223 (125 mg, 87% yield). ¾-NMR (DMSO-£¾, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H). [00509] Example 122B: methyl 7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-c

[00510] To a mixture of methyl 7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) under nitrogen was added 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-octamethyl-2,2'-bi(l,3,2- dioxaborolane) (1.9 g, 7.4 mmol), [l,l'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (0.27 g, 0.37 mmol) and potassium acetate (1.1 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-224 (1.0 g, 55% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (DD): tR=1.182 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) =319.1.

[00511] Example 12 e-2-carboxylate (B-225)

[00512] To a mixture of compound B-224 (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol) and l, l,l-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (1.3 g, 6.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) and water (1 mL) under nitrogen was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (86 mg, 94 μπιοΐ), 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4',6'- triisopropylbiphenyl (0.15 g, 0.31 mmol), cesium fluoride (1.4 g, 9.4 mmol) and cuprous chloride (0.31 g, 3.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 65 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-225 (0.22 g, 26% yield) as a white solid.

[00513] Example -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-226)

[00514] To a mixture of compound B-225 (0.22 g, 0.80 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) and water (1.5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (67 mg, 1.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The yellow solid was collected by fitration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-226 (0.15 g, 72% yield). LCMS (DD): tR=0.912 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =261.0.

[00515] Example 125B: methyl 7-(dimethylamino)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-227) H HCI

dioxane> 120 °C' 4 h' mjcrowave

B 227

[00516] Methyl 7-bromobenzothiophene-2-carboxylate (600 mg, 2.2 mmol), cesium carbonate (2.2 g, 6.6 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (405 mg, 0.44 mmol), 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (421 mg, 0.88 mmol), and N- methylmethanamine hydrochloride (1.1 g, 13 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) were placed in a microwave reaction vessel. The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through it for 6 min. The reaction was heated by microwave irradiation at 120 °C for 4 hours. On completion, the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether] to give compound B-227 (1.0 g, crude) as a green solid.

[00517] Example 1 -(dimethylamino)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-228)

B 227 B 228

[00518] To compound B-227 (900 mg, crude) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (160 mg, 3.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, then acidified to pH 5-6, resulting in formation of a solid. The green solid was collected by filtration and dried to give compound B-228 (400 mg, 67%), which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (Ν): tR=1.909 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 222.0.

[00519] Example 1 ate (B-229)

[00520] To a solution of methyl 7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzothiophen e- 2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.6 mmol) in water (4.5 mL) and dioxane (45.00 mL) was added 2- bromothiazole (387 mg, 2.4 mmol) , potassium carbonate (1.2 g, 8.6 mmol), and [Ι,Γ- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(ii) (257 mg, 0.31 mmol). The vessel was flushed with argon and stirred at 90 °C for 16 h. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20 : 1] to give compound B-229(280 mg, 65%) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.17 (s, lH), 8.09-8.03 (m, 3H), 7.67 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.57 (m, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).

[00521] Example 128 -(thiazol-2-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-230)

[00522] To a solution of compound B-229 (290 mg, 1.1 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and H ₂ 0 (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (44 mg, 1.1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol and acidified to pH 5-6, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried to give compound B-230 (230 mg, 83%). ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.09-8.04 (m, 3H), 7.67 (d, J=4 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 1H).

[00523] Example 12 -(tert-butyl)phenyl)(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)sulfane (B-231)

[00524] To a solution of 2-(tert-butyl)benzenethiol (1.5 g, 9.0 mmol) and 2-bromo-l,l-dimethoxy- ethane (1.7 g, 9.9 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (8.0 mL) was added potassium carbonate (1.9 g, 14 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100 °C for 16 hours, then diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine(2 ^χ 25 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-231 (2.2 g, crude) as a yellow oil. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.50-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.14 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 1H), 3.18-3.19 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 9H).

[00525] Example 13 -(tert-butyl)benzo[b]thiophene (B-232)

[00526] To a solution of polyphosphoric acid (16 g, 63 mmol, 8.0 eq) in chlorobenzene (15 mL) at 100 °C was added compound B-231 (2.0 g, 7.9 mmol). The reaction was heated at 130 °C for 3 hours, then concentrated under vacuum, diluted with water (30 mL), and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (2 ^χ 25 mL) and concentrated to give compound B-232 (0.5 g, crude) as a yellow oil. IH-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.78-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 2H). [00527] Example 131B: 7- tert-butyl)benzo[b]thiophe -2-carboxylic acid (B-233)

B 232 B 233

[00528] To a solution of compound B-232 (0.50 g, 2.6 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) at -70 °C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 M in cyclohexane, 1.6 mL). The reation was stirred for 0.5 h at -70 °C. Then carbon dioxide was bubbled through the reaction for about 0.5 hour, and stirring was continued at -70 °C for another 1.5 h until TLC analysis showed the reaction was complete. The reaction was quenched slowly with 0.02 N hydrochloric acid (10 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic phases were concentrated to give compound B-233 (0.3 g, crude) as a gray solid.

[00529] Exampl -phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-234)

[00530] To a solution of methyl 7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate ( 1.2 g, 4.4 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen was added potassium carbonate ( 1.2 g, 8.8 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.64 g, 5.3 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.50 g, 0.44 mmol) and lithium chloride (0.53 g, 8.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 106 °C for 7 hours, then diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 40: 1] to give compound B-234 (0.48 g, 40% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00531] Example 133B: -phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-235)

[00532] To a solution of compound B-234 (0.48 g, 1.8 mmol) in methanol ( 10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.15 g, 3.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove most of the methanol and acidified to pH 4-5, resulting in the formation a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-235 (0.36 g, 79% yield). 1H-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 5H). [00533] Example -(l-methylcyclopropyl)b -2-carboxylate (B-236)

[00534] To a solution of diethylzinc (40 mL, 1.0 mol/L in toluene, 40 mmol) in anhydrous dichlormethane (20 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise a solution of diiodomethane ( 1 1 g, 40 mmol), maintaining the temperature below -70 °C for the duration of the addition. The reaction mixture was warmed to -15 °C and stirred for 30 min. Then trifluoroacetic acid (4.5 g, 40 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture, and stirring was continued at -15 °C for another 0.5 hour. Then compound B-206 (0.77 g, 3.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 7 hours, then quenched dropwise at 0 °C with saturate aqueous ammonium chloride (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 40: 1] to give compound B-236 (0.42 g, 51% yield) as a yellow oil. GCMS: tR=8.328 min., 246.1 m/z (M).

[00535] Example 13 arboxylic acid (B-237)

[00536] To a solution of B-236 (0.42 g, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.15 g, 3.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 4-5 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-237 (0.32 g, 81% yield) as a white solid. IH-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.50 (s, 3H), 0.99-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.86 (m, 2H).

[00537] Example 136B: 4-ethoxy-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (B-238)

B~238

[00538] To a mixture of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1.0 g, 7.1 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.0 g, 14 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide ( 10 mL) at 25 °C under nitrogen was added iodoethane (1.1 g, 7.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 10 hours, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (3 x 50 mL) and brine (3 x 50 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-238 (1.0 g, 83% yield) as a red solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 10.09 (s,

7.76-7.67 (m, IH), 6.83-6.74 (m, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

[00539] Example 137B: methyl 6-ethoxybenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-239)

[00540] To a solution of compound B-238 (0.5 g, 3 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added potassium carbonate (0.8 g, 6 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.6 g, 6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 10 hours, then diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with brine 120 (4 x 30 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-239 (0.58 g, 83% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.97 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.40 (s, IH), 7.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.10 (q, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

[00541] Example 138B: 6-ethoxybenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-240)

„OEt LiOH H ₂ 0

Meo ₂ C— £ ^ _^ I ^ *- H0 ₂ C—

MeoH / H ₂ O' 40 °C' 5 h

B ^" 239 B ^" 240

[00542] A mixture of compound B-239 (0.5 g, 2.1 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.62 g, 15 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and water (2.5 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 5 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, added to water (50 mL), washed with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 10 mL), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-240 (0.36 g, 76% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.92 (s, IH), 7.75 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.38 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 6.99 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0, Hz, IH), 4.10 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

[00543] Example 139B: l-ethoxy-2-fluorobenzene (B-241)

^F

[00544] A mixture of 2-fluorophenol (5.0 g, 45 mmol), iodoethane (1 1 g, 71 mmol) and finely powdered potassium carbonate ( 12 g, 89 mmol) was stirred in acetone (5.0 mL) at 50 °C for 16 h. On completion, the mixture was filtered over a pad of silica gel, washing with methyl tert-butyl ether. The solution was carefully concentrated (due to volatility of product) to give compound B-241 (6.0 g, 96%) as a colorless liquid. [00545] Example 140B: 3

[00546] To a solution of compound B-241 (6.0 g, 44 mmol) in tetrahyrofuran (30 mL) at -70 °C was added dropwise tert-butyllithium (41 mL, 1.3 M). The mixture was stirred for 30 min, and then N, N-dimethyl formamide (6.8 g, 88 mmol) was added, and stirring was continued for an additional 30 min. The cold bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 1 hour. On completion, the reation was quenched with water (20 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-242 (7.0 g, 94%) as colorless liquid. LCMS (Y): tR=0.770 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =169.1.

[00547] Example 141 (B-243)

[00548] To a solution of compound B-242 (7.0 g, 43 mmol) in dimethyl formamide (70 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (5.5 g, 51 mmol) and potassium carbonate (12 g, 86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 4 hours, then quenched with water (15 mL), washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL), acidified with 4 Ν HC1 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-243 (9.0 g, 95% yield) as a light yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, 2H), 1.50-1.17 (m, 3H).

[00549] Example 142B: l-fluoro-2-isopropoxybenzene (B-244)

B 244

[00550] A mixture of 2-fluorophenol (1.0 g, 8.9 mmol), 2-iodopropane (3.0 g, 17.8 mmol) and finely powdered potassium carbonate (4.9 g, 35.7 mmol) was stirred in N, N-dimethylformamide (10.0 mL) at 60 °C for 12 h. On completion, the mixture was filtered over a pad of silica gel, washing with methyl tert-butyl ether. The solution was carefully concentrated (due to volatility of product) to give compound B-244 (1.4 g, 58%) as a yellow oil. Ti-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.29-7.01 (m, 3H), 6.92-6.91 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.53 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.33 (m, 6H). [00551] Example 143B: 2-fluoro-3-isopropoxybenzaldehyde (B-245)

[00552] To a solution of compound B-244 (2.0 g, 13 mmol) in tetrahyrofuran (20 mL) at -70 °C was added dropwise tert-butyllithium (20.0 mL, 1.3 M). The reaction was stirred for 30 mins., and then N,N-dimethylformamide (1.9 g, 25.9 mmol) was added, and stirring was continued for an additional 2 h. On completion, the reaction was quenched with water (5 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 30 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give compound B-245 (2.4 g, 50%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (B): tR=0.700 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =183.2.

[00553] Example 144B: 7-isopropoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-246)

[00554] To a solution of compound B-245 (2.5 g, 13.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (2.9 g, 27.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.8 g, 27.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 12 hours, then quenched with water (20 mL), washed with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL) and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-246 (700 mg, 21% yield). i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.77 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.46 (m, 6H).

[00555] Example 145B: methyl 6-chloro-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-247)

[00556] To a mixture of 4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (0.5 g, 2.65 mmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (5.0 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.56 g, 5.30 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.73 g, 5.30 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-247 (230 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.820 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =257.1. [00557] Example 146B: 6-chloro-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-248)

I

[00558] To a mixture of compound B-247 (230 mg, 0.90 mmol) in methanol (6 mL) and water (3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (56 mg, 1.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 12 hours, then concentrated o remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-248 (200 mg, 91% yield). i-NMR (DMSO-£¾, 400 MHz): δ 13.71 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H).

[00559] Example 14 -bromo-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (B-249)

B 249

[00560] To a mixture of l-bromo-3-fluoro-2-methoxybenzene (5.0 g, 25 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at -78 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in n-heptane, 18 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for half an hour, then N,N-dimethylformamide (5.4 g, 73 mmol) was added dropwise, and stirring was continued at -78 °C for another 1 hour. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 80 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-249 (5.5 g, crude) as yellow oil.

[00561] Example 148B: methyl 6-bromo-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-250)

[00562] To a mixture of compound B-249 (5.5 g, crude) in N,N-dimethylformamide (55 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (3.0 g, 28 mmol) and potassium carbonate (6.5 g, 47 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight, then poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-250 (3.2 g, 45% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (R): tR=0.900 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =302.9. [00563] Example 1 -methoxy-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-251)

[00564] To a mixture of methyl compound B-250 (1.0 g, 3.3 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and water (4 mL) under nitrogen was added 2,4,6-trimethyl-l,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane (1.3 g, 10 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.38 g, 0.33 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.92 g, 6.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C overnight, then concentrated in vacuo to remove dioxane, poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 33-63% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HC1, v/v)] to give compound B-251 (0.20 g, 27% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.764 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =223.1.

[00565] Example 150B: 3-bromo-2-fluoro-4-meth lbenzaldeh (B-252)

B ^" 252

[00566] To a mixture of 2-bromo-l-fluoro-3-methylbenzene (3.0 g, 16 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at -78 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in n-heptane solution, 12 mL, 24 mmol). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hour, then N,N-dimethylformamide (3.5 g, 48 mmol) was added dropwise at -78 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for another 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-252 (2.1 g, 62% yield) as a white solid. TLC [Petroleum ether: Ethyl acetate = 10: 1] : Rf = 0.4.

[00567] Example 1 oxylate (B-253)

[00568] To a mixture of compound B-252 (2.1 g, 9.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.4 g, 13 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.7 g, 20 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-253 (2.4 g, 92% purity, 79% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=1.052 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =287.0.

[00569] Example 152B: methyl 7-cyclopropyl-6-methylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-254)

[00570] To a mixture of compound B-253 (0.60 g, 2.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) and water (5 mL) under nitrogen was added cyclopropylboronic acid (0.90 g, 11 mmol), potassium phosphate (0.89 g, 4.2 mmol) and [2-(2-aminophenyl)phenyl]-chloro-palladium;dicyclohexyl-[3- (2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)phenyl]phosphane (83 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 12 hours, then diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 50: 1] to give compound B-254 (0.43 g, 83% purity, 69% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.935 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =247.1.

[00571] Example lic acid (B-255)

[00572] To a mixture of compound B-254 (0.43 g, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and water (4 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.15 g, 3.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 3 with 6 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-255 (0.39 g, 81% purity, 78% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.815 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =233.1.

[00573] Example 154B -difluoro-2-methoxy-benzene (B-256)

B ^" 256

[00574] To a solution of l,3-difluoro-2-methoxy-benzene (3.0 g, 20.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at -70 °C was added dropwise n-butyl lithium (1.6 g, 25.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 30 mins. Then N,N-dimethylformamide (4.6 g, 63 mmol) was added, and stirring was continued for another 30 minute. The cold bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 1 hour. On completion, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with 4 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The organic phases were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give compound B-256

(3.0 g, 84% yield) as a light yellow liquid. LCMS (B): tR=0.624 min., 173.1 m/z (M+l).

[00575] Example oxylate (B-257)

B 256 B 257

[00576] To a solution of compound B-256 (3.0 g, 17.4 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.8 g, 17.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.8 g, 34.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 2 hours, then poured in to water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (2 ^χ 10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-257 (2 .1 g, 50% yield) as a light yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.882 min., 241.0 m/z (M+l).

[00577] Exampl -fluoro-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophe -2-carboxylic acid (B-258)

[00578] To a solution of B-257 (2.1 g, 8.7 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) and water (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (367 mg, 8.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M

hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give B-258 (900 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J _! =8.4 Hz, J ₂ =4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1^12 Hz, J ₂ =8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 3H).

[00579] Example 157B: methyl 7-cyano-6-methylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-259)

[00580] To a mixture of compound B-253 (0.50 g, 1.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) under nitrogen was added zinc cyanide (0.41 g, 3.5 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.20 g, 0.18 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 3 hours, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography

[petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-259 (0.15 g, 96% purity, 36% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.846 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =232.0. [00581] Example 158B: 7-cyano-6-methylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-260)

[00582] To a mixture of compound B-259 (0.15 g, 0.65 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) and water (1 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (54 g, 1.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 3 with 6 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-260 (0.14 g, 98% purity, 93% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.724 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =218.0.

[00583] Example 159B: l ne (B-261)

[00584] To a solution of (3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methanol (5.0 g, 24 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen was added sodium hydride ( 1.9 g, 49 mmol, 60 % w/w) in portions. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes, and iodomethane (17 g, 72 mmol) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h, then quenched with ice-water (50 mL), stirred for 30 min. and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 15: 1] to give compound B-261 (5.2 g, 94% yield) as a yellow oil.

[00585] Example 160B: 2 B-262)

B 261 B 262

[00586] To a solution of compound B-261 (3.0 g, 14 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at -78 °C was added n-butyllithium (2.5 mol/L, 3.8 mL, 15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min., and N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 g, 28 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm from -78 °C to 0 °C over 1 hour, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 50 mL). The combined organic phases were concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-262 (1.6 g, 69% yield) as a yellow oil. i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.50 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H). [00587] Example oxylate (B-263)

[00588] To a solution of compound B-262 (1.6 g, 9.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) under nitrogen was added potassium carbonate (2.6 g, 19 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate ( 1.5 g, 14 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 30: 1] to give compound B-263 (1.8 g, 80% yield) as a yellow oil. i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.32 (m, 2H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H).

[00589] Example 162B: 7-(methoxymethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-264)

[00590] To a solution of B-263 (1.8 g, 7.6 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.36 g, 15 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 4-5 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-264 (1.7 g, 71% yield) as a white solid. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.89-7.87 (dd, J ^7.2 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H).

[00591] Example 163B 8-fluorochroman (B-265)

B 265

[00592] To a mixture of zinc powder (30 g, 0.45 mol) in acetic acid (10 mL) at room temperature was added slowly a solution of 8-fluorochroman-4-one (3.0 g, 18 mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 16 hours, then diluted with ethyl acetate ( 100 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 50: 1] to give compound B-265 (2.1 g, 67% yield) as a yellow oil. ¾-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 6.94-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.84-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.79-6.76 (m, lH), 4.30-4.27 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.85-2.81 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.04 (m, 2H). [00593] Example 164B: 8-fluorochroman-7-carbaldehyde (B-266)

B ^" 265 B ^" 266

[00594] To a mixture of compound B-265 (1.0 g, 6.6 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise sec-butyllithium (1.3 M in n-hexane solution, 10 mL, 13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour, and then N, N-dimethylformamide (2.4 g, 33 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to warm from -70 °C to room

temperature over 1 hour, then quenched at 0 °C with saturated ammonium chloride solution (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-266 (701 mg, 59% yield) as a yellow oil. i-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 10.33 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.92 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.26 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.06 (m, 2H).

[00595] Example 165B: methyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-h]chromene-8-carboxylate (B-267)

[00596] To a solution of compound B-266 (0.60 g, 3.3 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added potassium carbonate (0.92 g, 6.7 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.42 g, 4.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16 hours, then quenched with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B- 267 (0.70 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (M): tR=1.132 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =248.9.

[00597] Example 166B: 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-h]chromene-8-carboxylic acid (B-268)

[00598] To a mixture of compound B-267 (0.60 g, 2.4 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) and water (4 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.20 g, 4.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 2 with 1 M

hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-268 (0.50 g, 88% yield) as a yellow solid. i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.13 (d, J

Hz, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.09 (m, 2H).

[00599] Example 167B: 5-fluorochroman (B-269)

[00600] To a mixture of zinc (9.8 g, 0.15 mol) in acetic acid (20 mL) was added a solution of 5- fluorochroman-4-one (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 12 hours, then filtered (washing with ethyl acetate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1 :0] to give

compound B-269 (0.50 g, 55% yield) as a yellow solid. GCMS: tR=6.634 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M) ⁺ =152.1.

[00601] Example 168B -fluorochroman-6-carbaldehyd -270)

B 269 B ^" 270

[00602] To a solution of compound B-269 (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) at -70 °C was added dropwise sec-butyllithium (1.3 N in n-hexane, 2.0 mL, 2.6 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour, and then N, N-dimethylformamide (0.38 g, 5.2 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-270 (0.20 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.699 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =181.2.

[00603] Examp -dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3-f chromene-2-carboxylate (B-271)

[00604] A mixture of compound B-270 (0.30 g, 1.7 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.46 g, 3.3 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.21 g, 2.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-271 (0.25 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.759 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =249.1. [00605] Exam -dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3-f]chrome -2-carboxylic acid (B-272)

B 271 B 272

[00606] To a mixture of compound B-271 (0.12 g, 0.48 mmol) in ethanol (5.0 mL) and water (1.0 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (97 mg, 2.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 1 with 1 M

hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-272 (0.10 g, crude). TLC [dichloromethane : methanol = 10: 1]: Rf = 0.04.

[00607] Exampl -bromo-2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene (B-273)

B 273

[00608] To a solution of 6-bromobenzothiophene (3.0 g, 14 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added lithium diisopropylamide (2 M in tetrahydrofuran/n-heptane , 8.4 mL 17 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 30 min, and then iodomethane (17.98 g, 126.71 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 15.5 hours, then quenched at -70 °C with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 mL), diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 80 mL). The combined organic phases were concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate= 1 :0] to give compound B-273 (1.60 g, 50% yield).

¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.14 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 1H), 3.18-3.19 (m, 2H), 1.55 (s, 9H).

[00609] Example 172B: methyl 2-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxylate (B-274)

[00610] To a solution of compound B-273 (600 mg, 2.6 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (10 mL) was added [l, r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (193 mg, 0.26 mmol), triethylamine (801 mg, 7.9 mmol) and methanol (254 mg, 7.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C under CO atmosphere (100 psi) for 24 hours until TLC analysis showed the reaction was complete. The mixture was added to water (30 mL) and extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (2 ^χ 40 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-274 (0.30 g, 55% yield) as a white solid. TLC

[petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1]: Rf = 0.4; i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H). [00611] Exampl -methylbenzo[6]thiophene-6-carb (B-275)

B 274 B ^" 275

[00612] To a solution of compound B-274 (200 mg, 0.91 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water ( 1.0 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (91 mg, 2.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 3 with 5 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (3 ^χ 30 mL) and concentrated to give compound B-275 (0.15 g, 86% yield) as a white solid. TLC [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1 : 1] : Rf = 0.4.

[00613]

[00614] To a mixture of 6-bromobenzo[b]thiophene (5.0 g, 23 mmol) in diethyl ether (50 mL) at - 90 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise tert-butyllithium (1.3 M in pentane solution, 27 mL, 35 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -90 °C for 0.5 hour, and diethyl carbonate (4.1 g, 35 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at -90 °C for another 0.5 hour, then quenched at 0 °C with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 ^χ 20 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 50: 1] to give compound B-276 (1.0 g) as a yellow oil. LCMS (B):

tR=0.863min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 207.1.

[00615] Exam

B 276 B ^" 277

[00616] To a mixture of compound B-276 (0.40 g, 1.93 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in

tetrahydrofuran/n-heptane, 1.2 mL, 2.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour, and then 1- chloropyrrolidine-2,5-dione (0.31 g, 2.3 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 1 hour, then quenched with water (10 mL), acidified to pH 4 with 2 N hydrochloric acid at 0 °C, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a 1 : 1 mixture (350 mg) of starting material compound B-276 and product

compound B-277 as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.864 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 207.0; tR=0.950 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 241.0. [00617] Example 176B: 2-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxylic

[00618] To a mixture of compound B-277 (0.35 g, 0.64 mmol, 45% purity) in methanol (5 mL) and water (5 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (80 mg, 1.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 10 °C for 2 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 2 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo and purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 40-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HC1, v/v)] to give compound B-278 (70 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid. i-NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H).

[00619] Example 177B 79)

B ^" 279

[00620] To a solution of l-chloro-3-fluoro-2-methylbenzene (3.5 g, 24 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at -70 °C was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.5 M in n-hexane, 19 mL, 48 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour, and then N, N-dimethylformamide (7.1 g, 97 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-279(0.40 g, 10% yield) as a yellow solid. TLC [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] : Rf = 0.19.

[00621] Example -chloro-7-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-280)

B 279 B 280

[00622] A mixture of compound B-279 (0.36 g, 2.1 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.58 g, 4.2 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.27 g, 2.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-280 (0.40 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.944 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 241.0. [00623] Example 179B: 6-chloro-7-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-281)

[00624] To a mixture of compound B-280 (0.40 g, 1.7 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and water (2.0 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.33 g, 8.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 1 with 1 M

hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-281 (0.35 g, 93% yield) as a white solid. TLC [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] : Rf = 0.04.

[00625] Example 18 -difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (B-282)

B 282

[00626] To a mixture of l,3-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (2.0 g, 11 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.5 M in cyclohexane, 5.3 mL, 13 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and N,N-dimethylformamide (1.6 g, 22 mmol) was added dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for another 2 hours, then acidified pH to 5.0 with 6 Ν hydrochloric acid, then diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-282 (1.5 g, 65% yield) as a yellow oil.

[00627] Example 181B: methyl 2-((3-fluoro-6-formyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thio)acetate (B- 283)

[00628] To a mixture of compound B-282 (1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) and triethylamine (0.48 g, 4.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) at -50 °C was added dropwise methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (0.51 g, 4.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-283 (1.0 g, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. Example 182B: methyl 6-fluoro-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B

[00630] To a mixture of compound B-283 (2.0 g, 6.8 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added potassium carbonate (1.9 g, 14 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C overnight. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 40 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-284 (0.5 g, 25% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (R): tR=l .172 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =279.0.

[00631] Example 183B: 6-fluoro-7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-285)

[00632] To a mixture of compound B-284 (0.40 g, 1.4 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and water (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.12 g, 2.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 5 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-285 (0.25 g, 66% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (R): tR=1.044 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =265.0.

[00633] Example 184B: methyl 6-bromo-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-286)

[00634] To a solution of 4-bromo-2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 9.1 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.5 g, 18 mmol) in N N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) at 28 °C was added methyl 2- mercaptoacetate (1.2 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70 °C overnight, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give

compound B-286 (2.2 g, 85% yield) as a white solid. [00635] Example 185B: methyl 6-cyclopropyl-7-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-287)

[00636] To a solution of B-286 (1.2 g, 4.2 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and water (2 mL) under nitrogen at room temperature was added potassium carbonate (1.2 g, 8.4 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (0.72 g, 8.4 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (0.23 g, 0.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 106 °C for 3 hours, then diluted with water (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-287 (0.80 g, 76% yield) as a white solid.

[00637] Examp -cyclopropyl-7-fluorobenzo[b]th ic acid (B-288)

[00638] To a solution of B-287 (0.80 g, 3.2 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.27 g, 6.4 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove most of the methanol, and acidified to pH 4-5, resulting in formation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration dried to give compound B-288 (0.65 g, 86% yield) as a brown solid.

[00639] Example 187B: ethyl 6-chlorobenzofuran-2-carboxylate (B-289)

B 289

[00640] To a mixture of ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate (0.66 g, 6.3 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) at 0°C was added sodium hydride (0.30 g, 7.6 mmol) in portions, followed by 4-chloro-2- fluoro-benzaldehyde (1.0 g, 6.3 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2hr, then allowed to warm to 25 °C and stirred for 14hr. On completion, the mixture was quenched at 0 °C dropwise with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (15 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether] to give compound B-289 as a mixture with compound B-290 (0.30 g, crude) as a yellow solid

[00641] Examp -chlorobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (B-290)

B 289 rt> overnight B 290 [00642] To a mixture of compound B-289 and compound B-290 (0.40 g, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (143 mg, 3.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C overnight, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-290 (0.15 g, 43% yield). ^-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.41 (dd, Ji = 8.3 Hz, J ₂ = 1.8 Hz, 1H).

[00643] Example 189B: ethyl 7-chlorobenzofuran-2-carboxylate (B-291)

B ^" 291

[00644] To a solution of ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate (1.6 g, 15 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) at 0 o C, was added sodium hydride (0.61 g, 15 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 0.5 hour, and 3-chloro- 2-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 13 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 4.5 hours, then quenched with water (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate =15: 1] to give compound B-291 (0.80 g, 28% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (J): tR=1.551 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =225.0.

[00645] Example 190B: 7-chlorobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (B-292)

B 291 B ^" 292

[00646] To a mixture of compound B-291 (1.24 g, 5.5 mmol) in methanol (7 mL) and water (7 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.46 g, 11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 h, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M hydrochloric acid, resulting in formation of a solid. The white solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-292 (0.50 g, 46% yield). ^-NMR (DMSO- 6, 400 MHz): δ 7.79-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

[00647] Examp 3)

B ^" 293

[00648] A solution of 3,4-difluorobenzenethiol (3.0 g, 21 mmol), 2-bromo-l,l-diethoxy-ethane (4.5 g, 23 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.3 g, 31 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (40mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-293 (5.0 g, crude) as a yellow solid.

[00649] Example 192B: 5,6-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene (B-294)

[00650] A solution of compound B-293 (7.0 g, 28 mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (15 g) in chlorobenzene (100 mL) was stirred at 130 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was poured into water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1 :0] to give compound B-294 (2.6 g, 57% yeild) as a yellow solid.

[00651] Example 193B: 5,6-difluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-295)

[00652] To a solution of compound B-294 (1.0 g, 5.9 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added n-butyllithium (2.6 mL, 2.5 N in hexane, 6.5 mmol) dropwise at -70 °C. The reaction was stirred at -70 °C for 1 hour. The atmosphere was replaced with carbon dioxide, and the reaction was stirred for an additional 1 hour at -70 °C. On completion, the mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (2.6 mL) at 0 °C and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL).

The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column:

Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0

(add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give compound B-295 (0.24 g, 19% yield) as a white solid.

[00653] Example 194B: methyl 7-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-296)

[00654] A mixture of methyl 7-bromobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol), sodium methanesulfinate (1.7 g, 17 mmol) and copper iodide (3.2 g, 17 mmol) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (25 mL) was de-gassed and then heated to 140 °C for 8 hours under nitrogen. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL), filtered, washed with brine (6 ^χ 50 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5: 1 to 10: 1] to afford compound B-296 (0.42 g, 42% yield) as a yellow solid. ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.24 (s, IH), 8.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.69 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H).

[00655] Example 195B: 7-(methylsulfonyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-297)

B ^" 296 B ^" 297

[00656] A mixture of compound B-296 (0.40 g, 1.5 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.43 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) and water (2 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, added to water (50 mL), washed with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 10 mL), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (3 x 10 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-297 (0.34 g, 90% yield) as a yellow solid. Ti-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.20 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.68 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 3.19 (s, 3H).

[00657] Example 196B: methyl 7-morpholinobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (B-298)

[00658] Methyl 7-bromobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol), morpholine (0.32 g, 3.7 mmol), cesium carbonate (2.4 g, 7.4 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.34 g, 0.37 mmol) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (0.18 g, 0.37 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was de-gassed and heated to 100 °C for 12 hours under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was poured into water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (120 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (3 ^χ 20 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to afford the compound B-298 (0.95 g, crude) as a yellow gum. LCMS (B): tR=0.838 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 278.1

[00659] Example 197B: 7-morpholinobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-299)

[00660] A mixture of compound B-298 (0.95 g, 2.8 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.81 g, 19 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was stirred at 40 °C for 10 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, added into water (50 mL), washed with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 10 mL), acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 x 15 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-299 (0.63 g, 86% yield) as a yellow solid. ^-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.17 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H).

[00661] : methyl 2-cyclopropylbenzofuran-5-carbo PdCI ₂ (PPh ₃ ) ₂ 'C"l' DMF' 50 °C 12 h _β - ₃₀₀

[00662] A solution of methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzoate (4.2 g, 15 mmol), ethynylcyclopropane (1.0 g, 15 mmol), l,l,3,3-tetramethylguanidine(17 g, 0.15 mol ), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium( II )chloride(1.05 g, 1.5 mol ) and copper iodide (0.29 g, 1.5 mmol) inN N-dimethylformamide (40 mL) was stirred at 50 °C for 12 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with 50 mL of water and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 8: 1] to give compound B-300 (2.0 g, 61% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00663] Example 199B: 2-cyclopropylbenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (B-301) B ^" 300

[00664] To a solution of compound B-300 (0.50 g, 2.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.29 g, 6.9 mmol) in water (5.0 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, then acidified with 2.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-301 (0.16 g, 34% yield) as a yellow solid.

[00665] Example 200B: 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-7-yl)pro B-302) t Buy actetone

B ^" 302

[00666] To a solution of 7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene (5.0 g, 24 mmol) in diethyl ether (50 mL) at 100 °C under nitrogen was added dropwise t-BuLi (1.3 mol/L, 55 mL). The mixture was stirred at - 100 °C for 15 min, and dry acetone (3.6 g, 48 mmol) was added dropwise at -100 °C. The mixture was stirred at -100 °C for 2 hours. TLC showed the reaction was complete and the formation of two products (about 1 : 1). The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (20 mL) dropwise at 0 °C, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ^χ 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel column chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 40: 1] to give compound B-302 (0.80 g, 34% yield, the lower spot on TLC) as a yellow oil.

[00667] Example 201B: 7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-303)

[00668] To a solution of B-302 (0.80 g, 4.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at -70 °C under nitrogen was added n-BuLi (2.5 mol/L, 4 mL, 10 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 0.5 hour. Carbon dioxide was bubbled into the mixture for 0.5 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) dropwise at 0 °C, and washed with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 4-5 with HC1 (aq), then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B- 303 (0.85 g, 36% yield) as a white solid. ^-NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H).

[00669] Example 202B: methyl 7-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-en-2-yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxylate (B-304)

K ₃ PO ₄ ' THF' H ₂ 0' 60 °C 12 h

B ^" 304

[00670] To a mixture of methyl 7-bromobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylate (0.60 g, 2.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and water (6 mL) under nitrogen was added 4,4,6-trimethyl-2 -(3,3,3- trifluoroprop-l-en-2-yl)-l,3,2-dioxaborinane (0.59 g, 2.7 mmol), potassium phosphate (0.94 g, 4.4 mmol) and [2-(2-aminophenyl)phenyl]-chloro-palladium;dicyclohexyl-[3-( 2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl)phenyl]phosphane (87 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 12 hours, then added into water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B- 304 (0.60 g, 95% purity, 90% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.906 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =287.1. [00671] Example 203B: methyl 7-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3- yl)benzo[6]thio

B ^" 304 B ^" 305

[00672] To a mixture of compound B-304 (0.60 g, 2.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (18 mL) under nitrogen was added diazomethane (0.46 M in diethyl ether, 0.14 L) and palladium acetate (47 mg, 0.21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was added into acetic acid (3.8 g, 63 mmol), concentrated in vacuo to remove diethyl ether, diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-305 (0.70 g, 82% purity, 83% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.856 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =329.1.

[00673] Example 204B: methyl 7-(l-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxylate (B-3

[00674] A mixture of compound B-305 (0.70 g, 2.1 mmol) in o-xylene (50 mL) was stirred at 140 °C for 24 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B-306 (0.24 g, 85% purity, 32% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.920 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =301.1.

[00675] Example 205B: 7-(l-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbox ylic acid (B-307)

B ^" 306 B ^" 307

[00676] To a mixture of compound B-306 (0.40 g, 1.3 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) and water (2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.11 g, 2.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 12 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, acidified to pH 3 with 6 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give compound B-307 (0.38 g, 90% purity, 90% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (B): tR=0.831 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =287.1. [00677] Example 206B: l-bromo-2-fluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzene

B 308

[00678] To a solution of (4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)methanol (5.0 g, 24 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium hydride (1.4 g, 34 mmol). The reaction was stirred at this temperature for 10 min, and then methyl iodide (4.1 g, 29 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm from 0 °C to 20 °C over 3 hours, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 30: 1] to give compound B- 308 (4.8 g, 90% yield) as an orange oil. TLC [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1]: Rf=0.5; ¾-

NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H).

[00679] Exam -fluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzaldehyde (B-309)

B 308 B 309

[00680] To a solution of compound B-308 (4.0 g, 18 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at -78 °C was added n-butyllithium (20 mmol, 8.0 mL). The reaction was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, and then NN-dimethylformamide (6.7 g, 91 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm from -78 °C to 0 °C over 1 hour, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phase was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 20: 1] to give compound B- 309 (2.1 g, 68% yield) as a yellow oil. TLC [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1]: Rf = 0.4; ^l -

NMR (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 10.22 (s, 1H), δ 7.72 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.04 (m, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H).

[00681] 0)

[00682] To a solution of compound B-309 (2.0 g, 12 mmol) in NN-dimethylformamide (20 mL) under nitrogen was added potassium carbonate (3.3 g, 24 mmol) and methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (1.9 g, 18 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2.5 hours, then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ^χ 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography [petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 10: 1] to give compound B-310 (1.5 g, 53% yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS (B): tR=0.792 min., (ES+) m/z (M+l) ⁺ =237.0.

[00683] Example 209B: 6-(methoxymethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (B-311)

B 310 B 311

[00684] To a solution of compound B-310 (1.5 g, 6.4 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) and water (3 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.30 g, 13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 2 hours, then concentrated to remove methanol, diluted with water, and acidified to pH 3 with 1 M

hydrochloric acid, resulting in precipitation of a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give compound B-311 (0.70 g, 50% yield) as a white solid. TLC [dichloromethane :

methanol = 10: 1] : Rf = 0.4. Ή-ΝΜΡ (CDC1 ₃ , 400 MHz): δ 8.18 (s, 1H), δ 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H).

[00685] General Procedure A: Synthesis and chiral separation of amides

W-C0 ₂ H SOCI ₂ W-COCI racemic amine

carijoxyiic 60 °C' 2 h a a TEA' DCM' rt' 2 h racemic

a d chloride am^es

[00686] A mixture of carboxylic acid in thionyl chloride (5 mL/mmol carboxylic acid) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acid chloride, which was used directly without further purification. This material (1.1 eq) was added to a mixture of racemic amine (1 eq.) and triethylamine (2 eq.) in dichloromethane (3-5 mL/mmol racemic amine) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the reaction was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC to give racemic amide product.

[00687] Chiral Separation:

[00688] A solution of racemic amide product in 3-5 mL of methanol or ethanol was separated by cSFC (Waters SFC Prep 80, Column temperature: 35 °C, back pressure: 100 bar, and wavelength: 220 nm). Each set of collected fractions was concentrated at room temperature and lyophilized. The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give each enantiomer of the amide product.

[00689] General Procedure B: Synthesis of chiral amide products from chiral amines

chi al amjne chjrai amjde [00690] To a mixture of carboxylic acid (1 eq.) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL/mmol carboxylic acid) was added 2-(3H-[ l,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-l, l,3,3-tetramethylisouronium hexafluorophosphate (1.2 eq.), followed by chiral amine ( 1 eq.) and triethylamine (2 eq.). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2-12 hours. On completion, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed 4 times with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC and lyophilized to give the target compound.

[00691] Example 1 :

[00692] Preparation of (+/-)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-ca rboxamide (rac-

rac

[00693] Following general procedure A, rac-1 was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxylic acid and rac-A-104 (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-1 (0.15 g, 73% yield) as a white solid. LCMS : (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 315.1.

[00694] Chiral Separation:

[00695] rac-1 (0.20 g, 0.64 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak AD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxam ide-enantiomerl

hydrochloride (compound la) (0.08 g, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.80 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.459 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 315.0; ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.50 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.04-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 2H), 4.1 1 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.10- 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H); and

N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxam ide-enantiomer2

hydrochloride (compound lb) (0.08 g, 40% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.43 min., purity: 99.72%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.439 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 315.0; ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.43 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.04-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.98-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 2H), 4.1 1 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.1 1- 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H).

[00696] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-car boxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-l

[00697] Following general procedure B, compound was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxylic acid (0.35 g, 1.9 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (0.30 g, 1.9 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-car boxamide hydrochloride

(compound (R)-l) (0.22 g, 36% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.78 min., purity: 98.60%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.496 min., 315.0 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00698]

[00699] Following general procedure A, rac-2 was prepared from 4-chlorobenzoic acid and rac- A-104 (0.31 g, 1.76 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Symmetrix C18 ODS-R 150*30mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 6-36% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-2 (0.5 g, 37% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 293.2.

[00700] Chiral Separation:

[00701] rac-2 (0.15 g, 0.51 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak AD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

4-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide-enantiome rl hydrochloride (compound

2a) (0.05 g, 33% yield) as yellow solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR: 2.02 min., purity: 99.83%; LCMS (Y): tR 0.603 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 293.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.75-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.24 (m, IH), 2.23-2.21 (m, IH), 2.16-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.88 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H); and

4-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzamide-enantiome r2 hydrochloride (compound 2b) (0.051 g, 33% yield) as yellow solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR: 2.40 min., purity: 99.84%; LCMS (Y): tR: 0.592 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 293.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.72-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.34 (m, IH), 3.28-3.26 (m, IH), 2.38-2.33 (m, IH), 2.24-2.23 (m, IH), 2.19-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.88 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H).

[00702] Example 3:

[00703] Preparation of (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2- c

[00704] To a mixture of 7-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (70 mg, 0.33 mmol) in oxalyl chloride (2 mL) was added N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acid chloride, which was used directly without further purification. This material (1.0 eq.) was added to a mixture of compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol) and triethylamine (66 mg, 0.65 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the reaction was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (i?)-3) (53.9 mg, 43% yield) as white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.04 min., purity: 98.99%; LCMS (A): tR=1.642 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 349.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, IH), 7.89 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.52-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.37 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.49 (m, 3H);

[00705] Preparation of (5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (( )-3)

(S) 3

[00706] To a mixture of 7-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (70 mg, 0.33 mmol) in oxalyl chloride (2 mL) was added N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acid chloride, which was used directly without further purification. This material ( 1.0 eq.) was added to a mixture of compound (S)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol) and triethylamine (66 mg, 0.65 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the reaction was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (S)-3) (35 mg, 31% yield) as white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=4.40 min., purity: 97.85%; LCMS (B): tR=0.699 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 349.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.24 (s, lH), 7.89 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.51 (m, 3H);

[00707] Example 4:

[00708] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiop hene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-4)

[00709] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-4) was prepared from 7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (0.30 g, 1.9 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX- E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)- N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (R)-4) (37 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.71 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (A): tR=1.509 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 333.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, IH), 2.29-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00710] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00711] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-4 was prepared from 7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (0.50 g, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)- N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-4) (31 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.54 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.694 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 333.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.49-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, IH), 2.29-2.28 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00712] Example 5:

[00713] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-car boxamide hydrochloride ((R)-5)

[00714] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-5 was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxylic acid (57 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-car boxamide hydrochloride

(compound (R)-5) (53 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.96 min., purity: 95.55%; LCMS (A): tR=1.153 min., 315.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.46 (s, IH), 7.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.85 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, IH), 7.80 (d, J=5.6 Hz, IH), 7.47 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.19- 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00715] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-carb oxamide hydrochloride ((S)-5)

[00716] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-5 was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxylic acid (57 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (Λ)-Α-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-carb oxamide hydrochloride

(compound (S)-5) (32 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.92 min., purity: 97.22%; LCMS (B): tR=0.569 min., 315.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, 8.0 Hz, J ₂ = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.39 (m, lH), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00717] Example 6:

[00718] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamid e hydrochloride ((i?)-6)

[00719] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-6 was prepared from benzofuran-5- carboxylic acid (52 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x 30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 21 -51% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamid e hydrochloride (compound (R)-6) (57 mg, 52% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.45 min., purity: 98.53%;

LCMS (A): tR=0.566 min., 299.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.76-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.39 (m, IH), 2.38-2.36 (m, IH), 2.26-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00720] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-6)

[00721] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-6 was prepared from benzofuran-5- carboxylic acid (52 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound ($)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 21-51% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(iS)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-6) (35 mg, 36% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.97 min., purity: 98.28%; LCMS (B): tR=0.156 min., 299.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.18 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 7.82 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, IH), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 6.97 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.39 (m, IH), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00722] Example 7:

[00723] Preparation of fi?j-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)b

[00724] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-7 was prepared from 7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-7) (39 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.49 min., purity: 98.99%; LCMS (T): tR=2.323 min., 383.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.30 (s, IH), 8.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.67-7.63 (t, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H).

[00725] Preparation of (¾i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)b

[00726] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-7 was prepared from 7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound ( )-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-7) (46 mg, 37% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.31 min., purity: 98.39%; LCMS (G): tR=2.772 min., 383.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.28 (s, IH), 8.21 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.67-7.63 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.43 (m, IH), 2.32-2.31 (m, IH), 2.21-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00727] Example 8:

[00728] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((R)-S)

[00729] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-8 was prepared from 6- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 1 hour. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX- E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (R)-S) (30 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.66 min., purity: 98.54%; LCMS (B): tR=0.648 min., 333.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, IH), 7.95 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.73 (dd, J=8.8 Hz , IH), 7.26 (td, J=9.2 Hz , IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99- 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00730] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (( )-8)

[00731] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-8 was prepared from 6- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 1 hour. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX- E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (S)-8) (60 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.38 min., purity: 98.22%; LCMS (A): tR=1.422 min., 333.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (s, IH), 7.95 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.73 (dd, J=8.8 Hz , IH), 7.27 (td, J=9.2 Hz , IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.77-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99- 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00732] Example 9:

[00733] Preparation of (i?)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((R)-9)

N

[00734] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-9 was prepared from compound B-117 (66 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (R)-9) (31 mg, 28% yield) as a yellow solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.07 min., purity: 98.89%; LCMS (T): tR=1.977 min., 340.5 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (s, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 8.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.43 (m, IH), 2.31-2.20 (m, IH), 2.19-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.94 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00735] Preparation of (5)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-9)

N

[00736] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-9 was prepared from compound B-117 (66 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-6-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophen e-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (S)-9) (20 mg, 18% yield) as a yellow solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=4.30 min., purity: 97.74%; LCMS (R): tR=0.781 min., 340.5 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.49 (s, IH), 8.82 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 8.68 (s, IH), 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.83 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.12 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 3.18 (m, 3H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.1 1-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, IH), 1.71 (m, IH), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H).

[00737] Example 10:

[00738] Preparation of fi?j-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide ((i?)-10)

[00739] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-10 was prepared from 6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)ben zo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-10) (32 mg, 26% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.44 min., purity: 98.49%; LCMS (T): tR=2.345 min., 383.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.37 (s, IH), 8.26 (s, IH), 8.13 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.79-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.44 (m, IH), 2.31-2.21 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.94 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00740] Preparation of (¾i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)be

[00741] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-10 was prepared from 6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound ( )-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound ( )-10) (41 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.52 min., purity: 97.90%; LCMS (G): tR=2.850 min., 383.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.37 (s, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.44 (m, IH), 2.31-2.21 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.94 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00742] Example 11:

[00743] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hy

[00744] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-ll was prepared from 5- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 1 hour. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX- E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (i?)-ll) (60 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.62 min., purity: 98.90%; LCMS (B): tR=0.644 min., 333.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.47 (d, IH), 8.12 (s, 1H),7.96 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.65 (dd, J=9.2 Hz , IH), 7.30 (td, J=9.2 Hz , IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.75-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00745] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hyd

[00746] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-ll was prepared from 5- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound ( )-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 1 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (S)-ll) (70 mg, 58% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.08 min., purity: 97.88%; LCMS (B): tR=0.695 min., 333.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.48 (d, IH), 8.12 (s, 1H),7.96 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.65 (dd, J=9.2 Hz , IH), 7.30 (td, J=8.8 Hz , IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00747] Example 12:

[00748] Preparation of (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00749] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-12 was prepared from compound B-102 (66 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-12) (45 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.01 min., purity: 99.84%; LCMS (B): tR=0.705 min., 349.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, IH), δ 8.01 (d, J=4 Hz, IH), 7.90 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.45 (dd, ^=8 Hz, J ₂ =4 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.72-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.40 (m, IH), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H).

[00750] Preparation of (5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00751] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-12 was prepared from compound B-102 (66 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 29-59% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-12) (46 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.78 min., purity: 98.88%; LCMS (R): tR=0.890 min., 348.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.90 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.44 (dd, J=4 Hz, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.75- 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00752] Example 13:

[00753] Preparation of (i?)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydro

[00754] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-13 was prepared from compound B-104 (68 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57%> acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5%> HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-13) (59 mg, 47% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.98 min., purity: 97.23%; LCMS (A): tR=1.629 min., 349.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, IH), 7.95-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00755] Preparation of (5)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydro

[00756] Following general procedure B, Compound (iS)-13 was prepared compound B-104 (68 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-5-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound ( )-13) (33 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.59 min., purity: 98.95%; LCMS (B): tR=0.720 min., 349.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, IH), 7.95-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.75-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.42 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00757] Example 14:

[00758] Preparation of (i?)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-14)

[00759] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-14 was prepared from compound B-107 (77 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-14) (47 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.30 min., purity: 99.85%; LCMS (B): tR=0.749 min., 382.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, IH), δ 8.1 1 (s, IH), 8.10 (s, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.41- 2.40 (m, IH), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.95 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H). [00760] Preparation of (5)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thi ophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (( )-! 4)

[00761] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-14 was prepared from compound B-107 (77 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 24-54% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-5,6-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thi ophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-14) (40 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.86 min., purity: 98.88%; LCMS (R): tR=0.956 min., 382.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, IH), 8.13 (s, IH), 8.12 (s, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.97 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00762] Example 15:

[00763] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00764] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-15 was prepared from 6- methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-15) (43 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.98 min., purity: 99.54%; LCMS (B): tR=0.688 min., 328.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, IH), δ 7.80 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.73 (s, IH), 7.28 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.76-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.40 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97- 1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H). [00765] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (( )-! 5)

[00766] Following general procedure B, Compound ( )-15 was prepared from 6- chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 24-54% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound ( )-15) (40 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.45 min., purity: 99.45%; LCMS (R): tR=0.861 min., 328.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.73 (s, IH), 7.28 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.40 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00767] Example 16:

[00768] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00769] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-16 was prepared from compound B-109 (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (i?)-16) (35 mg, 37% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.99 min., purity: 99.1 1%; LCMS (B): tR=0.687 min., 328.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.72 (s, IH), 7.32 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.72-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.94 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H). [00770] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hydroc

[00771] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-16 was prepared from compound B-109 (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methylbenzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-16) (31 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.68 min., purity: 99.80%; LCMS (R): tR=0.866 min., 328.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00772] Example 17:

[00773] Preparation of fi?j-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)b

[00774] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-17 was prepared from 5- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -5 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-17) (58 mg, 46% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.17 min., purity: 98.14%; LCMS (T): tR=0.741 min., 383.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.28 (s, 2H), 8.18 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40- 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H). [00775] Preparation of (¾i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-5 - (trifluoromethyl)b

[00776] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-ll was prepared from 5- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (80 mg, 1.9 mmol) and compound ( )-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-17) (32 mg, 26% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.49 min., purity: 97.08%; LCMS (B): tR=0.724 min., 383.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.28 (s, 2H), 8.18 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.74 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40- 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.45 (m, IH), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.31-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00777] Example 18:

[00778] Preparation of (i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2- carboxamide hydro

[00779] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-18 was prepared from compound B-112 (68 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-18) (36 mg, 36% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.19 min., purity: 99.84%; LCMS (B): tR=0.726 min., 354.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (s, IH), δ 7.78 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.63 (s, IH), 7.17 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.24 (s, IH), 3.73-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.16-2.06 (m, 3H), 2.05-1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.07-1.03 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.78 (m, 2H). [00780] Preparation of (5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2- carboxamide hydro

[00781] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-18 was prepared from compound B-112 (68 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(5)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound ( )-18) (34 mg, 34% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.74 min., purity: 99.91%; LCMS (R): tR=0.920 min., 354.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (s, 1H), δ 7.78 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.17 (dd, ^=4 Hz, J ₂ =8 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s, 1H), 3.75- 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.07-1.03 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.78 (m, 2H).

[00782] Example 19:

[00783] Preparation of (i?)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2- carboxamide hyd

[00784] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-19 was prepared from compound B-115 (68 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-19) (46 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.25 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.728 min., 354.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, 1H), δ 7.89 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, ^=8 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.06 (m, 3H), 2.05-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.04-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.74 (m, 2H). [00785] Preparation of (5)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2- carboxamide hyd

[00786] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-19 was prepared from compound B-115 (68 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-19) (44 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.80 min., purity: 99.95%; LCMS (R): tR=0.922 min., 354.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, IH), δ 7.89 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.63 (s, IH), 7.21 (d, ^=8 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.39 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.14-2.06 (m, 3H), 2.05- 1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.04-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.74 (m, 2H).

[00787] Example 20:

[00788] Preparation of 7? -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene -2- carboxamide ((i?)-20

[00789] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-20 was prepared from 6- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-20) (45 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.95 min., purity: 98.73%; LCMS (T): tR=2.050 min., 345.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 8.09 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.47 (s, IH), 7.09-7.06 (dd, ^=2.4 Hz, J ₂ =8.8 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, IH), 2.28 (m, IH), 2.18-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.92 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H). [00790] Preparation of (¾i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2- carboxamide ((S)-2

[00791] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-20 was prepared from 6- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (Λ)-Α-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-2 ) (25 mg, 23% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.34 min., purity: 97.60%; LCMS (B): tR=0.634 min., 345.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.31 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=9.2 Hz, IH), 7.47 (s, IH), 7.08 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.4Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.92 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00792] Example 21:

[00793] Preparation of 7? -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene -2- carboxamide ((i?)-

[00794] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-21 was prepared from 5- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-5 -methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-21) (22 mg, 20% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.98 min., purity: 94.47%; LCMS (B): tR=0.664 min., 345.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 8.10-8.06 (m, IH), 7.81 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.42 (s, IH), 7.16-7.13 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.30-2.19 (m, IH), 2.16-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H). [00795] Preparation of (¾i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-methoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2- carboxamide ((S)-

[00796] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-21 was prepared from 5- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (Λ)-Α-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(<S)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-5 -methoxybenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-21) ( 19 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.40 min., purity: 97.93%; LCMS (B): tR=0.664 min., 345.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.42 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.10 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=9.2 Hz, IH), 7.42 (s, IH), 7.14 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.4 Hz, IH), 4.27 (d, J=6.8 Hz, IH), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, IH), 2.30-2.18 (m, IH), 2.18-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[00797] Example 22:

[00798] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride {(R)-2

[00799] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-22 was prepared from furo[2,3- c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (53 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 5-35% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-22) (40 mg, 41% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=2.49 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (L): tR=2.148 min., 300.0 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.24 (s, lH),8.90(s, IH), 8.51 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.40 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 4.33 (s, IH), 3.77-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.40- 3.34 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.45 (m, IH), 2.33-2.32 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.95 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 3H).

[00800] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-ca rboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-22)

[00801] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-22 was prepared from furo[2,3- c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (53 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (Λ)-Α-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 5-35% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-ca rboxamide hydrochloride

(compound (S)-22) (30 mg, 33% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=3.40 min., purity: 97.76%; LCMS (L): tR=2.1 16 min., 300.0 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (s, 1H),8.70 (s, IH), 8.35 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.28 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 4.31 (s, IH), 3.77-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.39 (m, IH), 2.31-2.30 (m, IH), 2.21-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.95 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00802] Example 23:

[00803] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino[2,3- c] pyridine -7 -carbo

[00804] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-23 was prepared from compound B-124 (59 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 5-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-23) (55 mg, 53% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=3.36 min., purity: 95.72%; LCMS (M): tR=0.929 min., 318.0 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (s, 1H),8.18 (s, IH), 4.67-4.65 (m, 2H), 4.57-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.76-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40- 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.44 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00805] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[l,4]dioxin o[2,3- c] pyridine -7 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-23)

[00806] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-23 was prepared from compound B-124 (47 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 5-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(¾-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-23) (50 mg, 61% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=3.67 min., purity: 98.64%; LCMS (M): tR=0.916 min., 318.0 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (s, 1H),8.17 (s, IH), 4.65-4.63 (m, 2H), 4.54-4.52 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.74-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38- 3.34 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.17-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00807] Example 24: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-5- carboxamide hydro

[00808] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-24 was prepared from compound B-127 (62 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-24) (65 mg, 61% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.87 min., purity: 98.24%; LCMS (B): tR=0.658 min., 329.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.28 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 7.98 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.83 (d, Jj=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, IH), 7.33 (s, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.77-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.52-2.41 (m, IH), 2.40-2.29 (m, IH), 2.19-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, IH), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00809] Example 25: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-6- carboxamide ((i?)-25)

[00810] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-25 was prepared from compound B-122 (69 mg, 0.36 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC18 150 30mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 14-44% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 -methylbenzo [b]thiophene -6 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (R)-25) (30 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.96 min., purity: 97.81%; LCMS (B): tR=0.663 min., 329.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz): δ 10.40 (s, IH), 8.53 (s, IH), 8.41 (d, J=8.0Hz, IH), 7.91-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.61 (s, IH), 4.14 (d, J=7.2Hz, IH), 3.52-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.34 (m, IH), 2.12-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.94- 1.88 (m, IH), 1.76-1.69 (m, IH), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H).

[00811] Example -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxamide ((i?)-26)

(R) ^" A ^" 104 TEA' DCM' rt 12 h (R) 26

[00812] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-26 was prepared from lH-indole-6- carboxylic acid and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 28-58% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-6-carboxamid e hydrochloride (compound (i?)-26) (20 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 3.17 min., purity: 96%; LCMS (P): tR=1.672 min., 298.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.93 (s, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.51-7.49 (m, IH), 7.42 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 6.54 (d, J=3.2Hz, IH), 4.07 (s, IH), 3.39-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.05 (m, IH), 1.96 (s, IH), 1.88-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.56 (m, IH), 1.50 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 3H).

[00813] Example 27:

[00814] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-b]pyridazi ne-3- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-27)

(R) ^" A ^" 104 TEA' HATU' DMF' rf 12 h

,«,-27

[00815] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-27 was prepared from pyrazolo[l,5- b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (47 mg, 0.31 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E;

Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[l,5-b]pyridazi ne-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-27) (30 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR = 3.40 min., purity: 99.40%; LCMS (Ν): tR=1.485 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 300.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.66 (dd, Jx=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (dd, Ji=4.4 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.17- 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.49 (m, 3H).

[00816] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyridazine-3- carboxamide hydrochlori -27)

[00817] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-27 was prepared from pyrazolo[l,5- b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (47 mg, 0.20 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(<S) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 -b] pyridazine -3 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-27) (44 mg, 48% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR = 3.14 min., purity: 99.1 1%; LCMS (Ν): tR=1.579 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 300.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.66 (dd, ^=9.2 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.53-8.52 (dd, ^=4.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 3H).

[00818] Example 28:

[00819] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-28)

[00820] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-28 was prepared from thieno[2,3- b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (58 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B;

Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 4-34% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-28) (45 mg, 39% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.006 min., purity: 98.57%; LCMS (X): tR=1.517 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.79 (d, J=5.2 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 8.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.30 (s, IH), 7.69 (t, d=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.78- 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m, IH), 2.32-2.31 (m, IH), 2.21-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H).

[00821] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-2

[00822] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-28 was prepared from thieno[2,3- b] pyridine -2 -carboxylic acid (58 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B;

Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 4-34% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-28) (36 mg, 32% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.684 min., purity: 98.05%; LCMS (X): tR=1.523 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.78 (d, J=4.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 8.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.29 (s, IH), 7.68 (t, d=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.78- 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m, IH), 2.32-2.31 (m, IH), 2.21-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H).

[00823] Example 29:

[00824] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2-carb oxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-29)

[00825] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-29 was prepared from benzo[d]thiazole- 2-carboxylic acid (58 mg, 0.33 mmol) and (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2-carb oxamide hydrochloride

(compound (R)-29) (40 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (D) tR = 2.93 min., purity: 99.32%; LCMS (X): tR=1.793 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.56 (m, 2H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.40- 2.39(m, 1H), 2.31-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.52 (m, 3H).

[00826] Preparation of (5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2-carbo xamide hydrochloride ((S)-

[00827] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-29 was prepared from benzo[d]thiazole- 2-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-104 (47 mg, 0.20 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2-carbo xamide hydrochloride

(compound (S)-29) (44 mg, 48% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (D) tR = 3.38 min., purity: 98.29%; LCMS (X): tR=1.781 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17-8.1 1 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.56 (m, 2H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.40- 2.39(m, 1H), 2.31-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.52 (m, 3H).

[00828] Example 30: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-5-car boxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-30

[00829] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-30 was prepared from

benzo[b]thiophene-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

'i?i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]1hiophene-5-car boxamide hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-30) (30 mg, 28% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.998 min., purity: 96.86%; LCMS (J): tR=1.355 min., 315.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.39 (s, IH), 8.05 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.73 (d, J=5.2 Hz, IH), 7.52 (d, J=5.6 Hz, IH), 4.61 (s, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.75-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.25 (m, IH), 2.39 (m, IH), 2.28 (m, IH), 2.18-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00830] Example 31: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamid e hydrochloride ((i?)-31)

[00831] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-31 was prepared from compound B-128 (53 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150 30mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 12-42% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamid e hydrochloride (compound (i?)-31) (46 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.52 min., purity: 97.64%;

LCMS (B): tR=0.1 15 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =299.2; TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, IH), 7.93 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.78-7.72 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.38 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.89 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00832] Example 32: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol e -5- carboxamide ((i?)-32

[00833] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?-32 was prepared from compound B-129 (69 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -2-methylbenzo [d] oxazole -5 -carboxamide (compound (i?)-32) (30 mg, 30% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.44 min., purity: 96.08%;

LCMS (J): tR=0.995 min., 314.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (s, IH), 7.87-7.85 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.07 (s, IH), 3.33-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.09 (m, IH), 1.97-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.64 (m, IH), 1.51 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H).

[00834] Example 33: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol e-6- carboxamide ((i?)-3

[00835] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-33 was prepared from compound B-130 (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (52 mg, 0.34 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% ΝΗ ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol e-6-carboxamide (compound (i?)-33) (40 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.42 min., purity: 97.31%;

LCMS (J): tR=0.986 min., 314.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, IH), 7.86-7.84 (m, IH), 7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.03 (s, IH), 3.33-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.02-2.02 (m, IH), 1.91-1.91 (m, IH), 1.82-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.50 (m, IH), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 3H).

[00836] Example 34: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-5- carboxamide hydro

[00837] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-34 was prepared from 2- methylbenzo[d]thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (63 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-5-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-34) (35 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.85 min., purity: 94.01%; LCMS (K): tR=1.217 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 330.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.39 (s, IH), 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.38- 3.31 (m, 2H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.39-2.38 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.90 (m, IH), 1.78(s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00838] Example 35: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-6- carboxamide hydro

[00839] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-35 was prepared from 2- methylbenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (62 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 8-38% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with HC1 and then lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazo le-6-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-35) (70 mg, 59% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.81 min., purity: 97.50%; LCMS (K): tR=1.192 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 330.0; TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.49 (s, IH), 7.98 (m, 2H), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.74-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.38 (m, IH), 2.26-2.27 (m, IH), 2.09-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.96 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00840] Example 36: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide

((i?)-36)

[00841] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-36 was prepared from compound B-135 (53 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: welch Xtimate C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-36) (20 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.95 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=1.17 min., 300.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.73 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 8.52 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 8.02 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 7.05 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.08 (s, IH), 3.40-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.97 (m, IH), 1.96-1.91 (m, IH), 1.88-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.32 (s, 3H).

[00842] Example 37: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-3

[00843] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-37 was prepared from compound B-138 (53 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)furo[3,2-b]pyridine-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-37) (45 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.30 min., purity: 97.55%; LCMS (M): tR=0.918 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 300.1 ; TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.34 (d, J=2.4 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 8.25 (s,2H), 7.20 (d, J=2.4 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.74-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.31 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.99 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00844] Example 38: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-

[00845] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-38 was prepared from 2- methylbenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)-2-methylbenzofuran-5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-38) (20 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.46 min., purity: 98.28%; LCMS (B): tR=0.601 min., 313.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (DMSO- ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.70 (s, IH), 8.35 (d, J=8.0, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.74 (q, IH), 7.57 (d, J=8.8, IH), 6.69 (s, IH), 4.12 (d, J=7.2, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.39-2.38 (m, IH), 2.08-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.93- 1.87 (m, IH), 1.70-1.64 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 3H). [00846] Example 39: (i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-

[00847] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-39 was prepared from compound B-140 (0.1 1 g, 0.57 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours.

[00848] The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-39) (18 mg, 10% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.51 min., purity: 98.66%; LCMS (S): tR=1.24 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 333.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (s, 1H), 7.85 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J^l .2 Hz 1H), 7.60 (d, Ji=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 3.77- 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00849] Example 40: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-40

[00850] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-40 was prepared from compound B-143 (69 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-40) (61 mg, 54% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.51 min., purity: 99.57%; LCMS (B): tR=0.609 min., 313.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, J=4 Hz, 1H), δ 7.83 (d, ^=8 Hz, J ₂ =4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (s, lH), 3.73-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00851] Example 41: (i?)-3-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-41)

[00852] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-41 was prepared from compound B-146 (66 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-3-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzofuran-5-c arboxamide hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-41) (20 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.48 min., purity: 97.53%; LCMS (B): tR=0.622 min., 333.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.18 (s, IH), 8.06 (s, IH), 7.95 (d, J=8.8, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.8, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.75-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, IH), 2.29-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.92 (m, IH), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H).

[00853] Example 42: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-l -methyl-lH-benzo[d]imidazole-5- carboxamide hydroc

[00854] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-42 was prepared from 1-methyl-lH- benzofd] imidazole -5 -carboxylic acid (64 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R) -N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) - 1 -methyl - 1 H-benzo [d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-42) (20 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.43 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (J): tR=0.976 min., 313.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.57 (s, IH), 8.43 (s, IH), 8.23 (d, J=8.8, IH), 8.08 (d, J=8.8, IH), 4.32 (s, IH), 4.22 (s, 3H), 3.76- 3.72 (m, 2H), 2.47 (m, IH), 2.32-2.31 (m, IH), 2.20-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.93 (m, IH), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H).

[00855] Example 43: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5 -carboxamide ((i?)-43)

[00856] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-43 was prepared from compound B-148 (70 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC18 150 25mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-43) (35 mg, 31% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.93 min., purity: 99.60%; LCMS (B): tR=0.583 min., 316.1 m/z (M+l); i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.60 (s, IH), 9.09 (s, IH), 8.84 (d, J=5.2Hz, IH), 7.95 (d, J=5.6Hz, IH), 4.38 (s, IH), 3.80-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.50 (m, IH), 2.36-2.35 (m, IH), 2.29-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.97 (m, IH), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 3H).

[00857] Example 44: ( ?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-mo holinobenzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-44)

[00858] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-44 was prepared from compound B-150 (85 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:

( ?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-mo holinobenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-44) (47 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.74 min., purity: 98.92%; LCMS (K): tR=1.328 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 400.1 ; ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.42 (s, IH), 8.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.48 (s, IH), 7.21 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 3.16-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, IH), 2.07 (m, IH), 2.01 (m, IH), 1.92-1.86 (m, IH), 1.72-1.66 (m, IH), 1.61 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

[00859] Example 45: (i?)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclid in-3- yl)benzo[6]thi

[00860] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-45 was prepared from compound B-153 (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (44 mg, 0.28 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Innoval C 18 150x 30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 9-39% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The solution was treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(R) -6 -(4,4 -difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl) -N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)benzo [6]thiophene -2 - carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-45) (38 mg, 34% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.41 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (Ν): tR=2.761 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 434.1 ; ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.45 (s, IH), 8.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.23 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.55 (s, IH), 7.24 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.08 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 3.58-3.44 (m, 6H), 3.18-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, IH), 2.1 1-1.86 (m, 7H), 1.76-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.38 (s, 3H).

[00861] Example 46: (i?)-6-bromo-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide hyd

[00862] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-46 was prepared from 6- bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (83 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 14-44% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-bromo-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2 -carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (i?)-46) (55 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.19 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.714 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 393.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, IH), 8.13 (s, 1H),7.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.58 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =1.6, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.40 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.94 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H).

[00863] Example 47: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-isopropoxybenzo[6]th iophene-2- carboxamide hy

[00864] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-47 was prepared from compound B-156 (77 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-isopropoxybenzo[6]th iophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-47) (63 mg, 48% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.92 min., purity: 98.15%; LCMS (Ν): tR=2.367 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 373.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, IH), 7.76 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.42 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.02 (d, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, IH), 4.74-4.65 (m, IH), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.74-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.38 (m, IH), 2.26-2.25 (m, IH), 2.16-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.89 (m, IH), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.35 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H).

[00865] Example 48: (i?)-N -(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- (methylsulfonyl)

[00866] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-48 was prepared from compound B-158 (83 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 1 1-44% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 Ν HC1 and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(methylsulfonyl)benz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-48) (35 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.27 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (M): tR=1.003min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 393.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.62 (s, IH), 8.29 (s, IH), 8.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.97 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.74-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.18- 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.92 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[00867] Example 49:

[00868] Preparation of (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide ((i? -49-int)

[00869] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-49-int was prepared from 6- nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (72 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N -(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-c arboxamide (compound (i?)-49-int) (45 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid.

[00870] Preparation of (i?)-6-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2- carboxamide

[00871] To a mixture of compound (i?)-49-int (40 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) was added iron (31 mg, 0.56 mmol) and saturated aqueous NH ₄ C1 (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 5 hours. On completion, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide

hydrochloride (compound (i?)-49) (25 mg, 68% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (C) tR=2.24 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (M): tR=0.812 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 330.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, IH), 8.04 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.89 (s, IH), 7.37 (dd, 1^8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.73-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.17-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.97- 1.1 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00872] Example 50: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran -4- yl)benzo[b]thi

[00873] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-50 was prepared from compound B-167 (54 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran -4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-50) (50 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.50 min., purity: 98.16%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.750 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 399.1 ;

¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, IH), 7.86 (d, J=8.4Hz, IH), 7.80 (s, IH), 7.36-7.34 (m, IH), 4.24 (s, IH), 4.07-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.93 (m, IH), 2.42-2.31 (m, IH), 2.26-2.25 (m, IH), 2.15-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.81 (m, 5H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[00874] Example 51: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6- methoxybenzo[b]

[00875] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-51 was prepared from compound B-170 (73 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 Ν HCI and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-51) (25 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.947 min., purity: 92.25%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.849 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 363.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.33 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.24 (s, IH), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, IH), 3.31 (m, IH), 2.40-2.39 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.26-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.90 (m, IH), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H).

[00876] Example 52: (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide

[00877] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-52 was prepared from compound B-173 (73 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 Ν HCI and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-52) (25 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.026 min., purity: 97.65%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.885 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 363.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.34 (m, IH), 3.31-3.28 (m, IH), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.28 (m, IH), 2.27 (m, IH), 2.17-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.94 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H). [00878] Example 53: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-

[00879] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-53 was prepared from compound B-175 (68 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluoro-6-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-53) (40 mg, 32% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.728 min., purity: 96.99%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.800 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.33 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.73- 3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[00880] Example 54: (+/-)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide (rac-54)

[00881] Following general procedure A, rac-54 was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac- A-l 11 (1.32 g, 8.6 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-54 ( 1.6 g, 70% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1.

[00882] Chiral Separation:

[00883] i?ac-54 (0.70 g, 0.22 mmol) in 5 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: OD-10 μιη; Mobile phase: 60% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 54a) (0.33 g, 47% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.15 min., purity: 99.77%; LCMS (W): tR=0.990 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.18 (s, IH), 7.94-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 2H), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.42 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.35-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.18 (m, 4H); and

N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 54b) (0.33 g, 47% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.44 min., purity: 99.79%; LCMS (W): tR=0.986 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.91 (m, 2 H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 2H), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.42 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.35-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.18 (m, 4H).

[00884] Example 55: (+/-)-4-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)b

[00885] Following general procedure A, rac-55 was prepared from 4-chlorobenzoic acid and rac- A-lll (0.45 g, 2.5 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-55 (0.36 g, 49% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 291.2.

[00886] Chiral Separation:

[00887] Rac-55 (0.12 g, 0.41 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: OD-250x30mm, I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 40% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

4-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzamide -enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 55a) (60 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR: 2.39 min., purity: 98.47%; LCMS (M): tR=0.888 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 291.0; ¾-NMR (DMSO-£¾, 400 MHz): δ 10.16 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.36 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.52-3.28 (m, 3H), 2.25-1.74 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.03-0.97 (m, 2H); and

4-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzamide -enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 55b) (60 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR: 1.85 min., purity: 99.15%; LCMS (M): tR=0.898 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 291.0; ¾-NMR (DMSO-£¾, 400 MHz): δ 10.54 (s, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (dd, J _! =8.0Hz, J ₂ =2.8Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.23 (m, 3H), 2.25-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.34-1.30 (m, 3H), 1.03- 0.94 (m, 2H). [00888] Example 56: (+/-)-7-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)b

[00889] Following general procedure A, rac-56 was prepared from 7-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.14 g, 0.93 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 45-75% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-56 (0.15 g, 46% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1.

[00890] Chiral Separation:

[00891] Rac-56 (0.15 g, 0.43 mmol) in 5 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 55% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases:

7-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl (compound 56a) (62 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.59 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (G): tR=2.699 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1; ¾-NMR

(CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, IH), 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.50-7.42 (m, 2H), 4.21 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 3.28-3.25 (m, IH), 3.08-3.07 (m, IH), 2.93-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.11 (m, IH), 2.01-1.93 (m, IH), 1.87- 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.53 (m, IH), 0.91-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.75 (m, IH), 0.70-0.64 (m, IH); and

7-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 56b) (62 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (B) tR=3.71 min., purity: 99.79%; LCMS (G): tR=2.697 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, IH), 7.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.52-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.23 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.29-3.28 (m, IH), 3.11-3.07 (m, IH), 2.97-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.13 (m, IH), 2.03-1.96 (m, IH), 1.90-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.55 (m, IH), 0.95-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.77 (m, IH), 0.72-0.70 (m, IH).

[00892] Example 57: (+/-)-7-fluoro-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo

[00893] Following general procedure A, rac-Sl was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.22 g, 1.4 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-Sl (0.16 g, 34% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.0.

[00894] Chiral Separation:

[00895] Rac-Sl (0.16 g, 0.48 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: AD-10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 57a) (0.02 g, 13% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR: 2.22 min., purity: 99.96%; LCMS (Ν): tR: 1.994 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.0; ¾-NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): δ 8.27 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 7.54 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.46-7.40 (m, IH), 7.21-7.17 (m, IH), 4.56 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 3.79-3.72 (m, IH), 3.56-3.54 (m, IH), 3.49-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, IH), 2.38-2.33 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.94 (m, IH), 1.45-1.39 (m, IH), 1.35-1.34 (m, IH), 1.26-1.24 (m, IH), 1.18-1.15 (m, IH); and

7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 57b) (0.02 g, 13% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR: 3.1 1 min., purity: 98.46%; LCMS (Ν): tR 2.101 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.0; ¾-NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): δ 8.23 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.48-7.43 (m, IH), 7.24-7.20 (m, IH), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.76-3.71 (m, IH), 3.58-3.57 (m, IH), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.44 (m, IH), 2.38-2.33 (m, IH), 2.23-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.95 (m, IH), 1.39-1.36 (m, IH), 1.29-1.27 (m, IH), 1.26-1.24 (m, IH), 1.21-1.19 (m, IH).

[00896] Example 58: (+/-)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)ben

[00897] Following general procedure A, rac-58 was prepared from benzo[b]thiophene-6- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.15 g, 0.99 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-58 (70 mg, 23% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.2.

[00898] Chiral Separation:

[00899] Rac-58 (70 mg, 0.22 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases:

N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide-enantiomerl (compound 58a) (20 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.55 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (G): tR=2.230 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1; ¾-NMR

(CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.40 (s, IH), 7.92 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=5.6 Hz, IH), 4.23 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.27-3.21 (m, IH), 3.08-3.06 (m, IH), 2.90-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.11 (m, IH), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.90-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.51 (m, IH), 0.91-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.66 (m, 2H); and

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-6- carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 58b) (19 mg, 27% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.32 min., purity: 98.60%; LCMS (G): tR=2.225 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.40 (s, IH), 7.92 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=5.6 Hz, IH), 4.23 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 3.28-3.23 (m, IH), 3.11-3.06 (m, IH), 2.90-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.11 (m, IH), 1.99-1.94 (m, IH), 1.89-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.54 (m, IH), 0.91-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.66 (m, 2H).

[00900] Example 59:

[00901] Preparation of (+/-)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '- yl)b

[00902] Following general procedure A, rac-59 was prepared from benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.19 g, 1.2 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 22-52% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-59 (0.10 g, 27% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =297.2.

[00903] Chiral Separation:

[00904] Rac-59 (0.10 g, 0.34 mmol) in 4 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak AD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases:

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)b enzofuran-5-carboxamide- enantiomerl (compound 59a) (38 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR=2.28 min., purity: 99.03%; LCMS (G): tR=2.010 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 297.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.11 (s, IH), 7.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 6.95 (s, IH), 4.21 (s, IH), 3.26-3.21 (m, IH), 3.07-3.04 (m, IH), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.1 1-2.10 (m, IH), 1.99- 1.94 (m, IH), 1.86-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.50 (m, IH), 0.90-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.65 (m, 2H); and

N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide- enantiomer2 (compound 59b) (37 mg, 37% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (G) tR=2.55 min., purity: 97.24%; LCMS (G): tR=2.008 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 297.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (s, IH), 7.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 6.95 (s, IH), 4.21 (s, IH), 3.26-3.21 (m, IH), 3.07-3.04 (m, IH), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.1 1-2.10 (m, IH), 1.96- 1.94 (m, IH), 1.86-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.50 (m, IH), 0.90-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.65 (m, 2H).

[00905] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' - yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-59)

[00906] A mixture of benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (0.25 g, 1.5 mmol) in thionyl chloride (3 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 hours. On completion, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acid chloride, which was used directly without further purification. This material (1.1 eq) was added to a mixture of compound (i?)-A-lll (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol) and triethylamine (0.27 g, 2.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. On completion, the reaction was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 4-34% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-59) (0.22 g, 57% yield) as white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.05 min., purity: 97.22%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.424 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 297.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.81 (dd, Ji=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, IH), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 6.96 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.70-3.68 (m, IH), 3.57-3.56 (m, IH), 3.46-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.44 (m, IH), 2.32-2.31 (m, IH), 2.22-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.98 (m, IH), 1.42- 1.39 (m, IH), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00907] Example 60: (+/-)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide (rac-60)

[00908] Following general procedure A, rac-60 was prepared from 7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-60 (0.18 g, 72% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4.

[00909] Chiral Separation:

[00910] Rac-6 (0.18 g, 0.47 mmol) in 3 mL of ethanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250 ^χ 25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 60% ethanol (0.1% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases:

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomerl (compound 60a) (86 mg, 48% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.00 min., purity: 99.80%; LCMS (J): tR=1.470 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD-d ₄ , 400 MHz): δ 8.25 (s, lH), 8.19 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, lH), 2.00-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.69 (m, 2H); and

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 60b) (78 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.18 min., purity: 99.89%; LCMS (J): tR=1.470 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD-d ₄ , 400 MHz): δ 8.24 (s, lH), 8.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.28-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 1H), 2.06-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.58 (m, 1H), 0.9-0.76 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.65 (m, 2H).

[00911] Example 61: (+/-)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)

[00912] Following general procedure A, rac-61 was prepared from 6-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 40-70% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-61 (0.16 g, 40% yield) as a green solid.

[00913] Chiral Separation:

[00914] Rac-61 (0.16 g, 0.48 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases: 6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl(compound 61a) (50 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.17 min., purity: 99.53%; LCMS (J): tR=1.287 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (s, 1H), 7.92 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 7.24 (td, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (s, 1H), 3.28-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.76 (m, 1H), 0.75-0.68 (m, 1H); and

6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 61b) (50 mg, 3 1% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.24 min., purity: 99.79%; LCMS (J): tR=1.285 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (s, lH), 7.93 (dd, J^.8 Hz, J ₂ =5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (td, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (s, lH), 3.30-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.1 1-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.97-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 2.04-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 1H), 0.95-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.78 (m, 1H), 0.72-0.69 (m, 1H).

[00915] Example 62:

[00916] Preparation of (+/-)-6-nitro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide (rac-62-int)

2 h

[00917] Following general procedure A, rac-62-int was prepared from 6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.29 g, 1.9 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-62-int (0.39 g, 57% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 358.0.

[00918] Preparation of (+/-)-6-amino-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]

[00919] To a mixture of rac-62-int (0.39 g, 54 mmol) in ethanol (200 mL) was added iron powder (0.43 g, 7.6 mmol) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. On completion, the product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-62 (0.10 g, 28% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 328.2.

[00920] Chiral Separation:

[00921] Rac-62 (0.10 g, 0.30 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: AD-10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

6-amino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 62a) (20 mg, 20% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (F) tR=3.15 min., purity: 99.67%; LCMS (Ν): tR=1.289 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 328.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.35 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.03 (s, IH), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 3.83-3.76 (m, IH), 3.56-3.52 (m, IH), 3.49-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.20- 2.14 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.95 (m, IH), 1.45-1.36 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.25 (m, IH), 1.15-1.12 (m, IH); and

6-amino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 62b) (20 mg, 20% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (F) tR=3.94 min., purity: 96.35%; LCMS (Ν): tR=1.279 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 328.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.29 (s, IH), 8.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.57 (s, IH), 3.78-3.74 (m, IH), 3.58-3.49 (m, IH), 3.47-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, IH), 2.36- 2.30 (m, IH) ,2.23-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.98 (m, IH), 1.42-1.38 (m, IH), 1.31-1.24 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.17 (m, IH).

[00922] Example 63: (+/-)-N-( -azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-6- (tri

[00923] Following general procedure A, Compound rac-63 was prepared from 6- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and rac- A-l 11 (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-63 (0.16 g, 64% yield) as a white solid.

[00924] Chiral Separation:

[00925] Racemate rac-63 (0.16 g, 0.26 mmol) in 3 mL of ethanol was separated by SFC

(Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 60% ethanol (0.1% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HC1 but rather were isolated as the free bases: N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomerl (compound 63a) (62 mg, 62% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.95 min., purity: 99.08%; LCMS (J): tR=1.415 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.31 (s, IH), 8.19 (s, IH), 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.27 (m, IH), 3.08-3.07 (m, IH), 2.94-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, IH), 2.12-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, IH), 0.91-0.69 (m, 4H); and

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 6-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 63b) (33 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.53 min., purity: 99.77%; LCMS (J): tR=1.41 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.34 (s, IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.28-3.25 (m, IH), 3.09-3.08 (m, IH), 2.96-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, IH), 2.03-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.55 (m, IH), 0.94-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.67 (m, 2H).

[00926] Example 64: (+/-)-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)

[00927] Following general procedure A, rac-64 was prepared from 5-fluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol), with a reaction time of 4 hours in the second step. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 38-68% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-64 (0.16 g, 40% yield) as a brown solid.

[00928] Chiral Separation:

[00929] i?ac-64 (0.16 g, 0.48 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 35% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A. The compounds were not treated with HCl but rather were isolated as the free bases:

5 -fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl (compound 64a) (70 g, 44% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.17 min., purity: 99.74%; LCMS (J): tR=1.282 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.1; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, IH), 7.94 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =4.8 Hz, IH), 7.63 (dd, J=9.6 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 7.27 (td, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.22 (s, IH), 3.30-3.26 (m, IH), 3.09-3.08 (m, IH), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, IH), 2.02-1.96 (m, IH), 1.89-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.54 (m, IH), 0.93-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.77 (m, IH), 0.70-0.67 (m, IH); and 5 -fluoro-N-( Γ-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 (compound 64b) (80 g, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.88 min., purity: 99.75%; LCMS (J): tR=1.282 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD30D, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.94 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=9.2 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 7.27 (td, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (s, lH), 3.30-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 2.03-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.59 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.78 (m, 1H), 0.71-0.68 (m, 1H).

[00930] Example 65: (+/-)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-

[00931] Following general procedure A, rac-65 was prepared from compound B-102 and rac-A- 111 (0.21 g, 1.4 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column:

Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 36-66% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-65 (0.25 g, 51% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1.

[00932] Chiral Separation:

[00933] Rac-65 (0.25 g, 0.72 mmol) in 5 mL of ethanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 60% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 65a) (0.10 g, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.51 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.700 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, Ji=8.4 Hz, Ji=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.61 -3.60 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.29- 1.21 (m, 3H); and

6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 65b) (0.10 g, 40% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.77 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.696 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.921 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, Ji=8.4 Hz, Ji=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.31- 1.17 (m, 3H). [00934] Example 66: (+/-)-5-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3' yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide (rac-66)

[00935] Following general procedure A, rac-66 was prepared from compound B-104 and rac-A- 111 (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column:

Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-66 (0.21 g, 64% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.0.

[00936] Chiral Separation:

[00937] Rac-66 (0.21 g, 0.58 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: AD-10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

5-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 66a) (40 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (E) tR=2.60 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (Ν): tR=2.253 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 346.9; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, ^=8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.22 (m, lH), 2.21-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

5-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 66b) (90 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (E) tR=3.22 min., purity: 99.12%; LCMS (Ν): tR=2.230 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 347.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.94-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.33(m, 1H), 2.21-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.15 (m, 3H).

[00938] Example 67: (+/-)-5,6-dichloro-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide (rac-67)

h

[00939] To a solution of compound B-107 (0.18 g, 0.73 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwise oxalyl chloride (0.17 g, 1.3 mmol), followed by N, N- dimethylformamide (1 drop). The solution was stirred at this temperature for 1 hour. On completion, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acid chloride, which was used directly without further purification to prepare rac-67 from rac-A-111 (0.10 g, 0.66 mmol) according to general procedure A. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Waters Xterra C18 150*30mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 36-66% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac- 67 (0.15 g, 60% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.1.

[00940] Chiral Separation:

[00941] Rac-67 (0.15 g, 0.39 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 60% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

5,6-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 67a) (65 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (E) tR=2.75 min., purity: 99.83%; LCMS (B): tR=0.740 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.10 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 3.73-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.22 (m, 3H); and

5,6-dichloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 67b) (0.65 mg, 43% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (E) tR=3.29 min., purity: 99.85%; LCMS (B): tR=0.740 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.11 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 3.72-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00942] Example 68: (+/-)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)be

[00943] Following general procedure A, rac-68 was prepared from 6-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.10 g, 0.67 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-C; Column: Waters Xterra C18 150*30mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-64 acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-68 (0.12 g, 57% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.0.

[00944] Chiral Separation: [00945] Rac-68 (0.12 g, 0.37 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak AD-H 250x30 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 40% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 68a) (50 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.496 min., purity: 99.28%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.623 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, IH), 7.83-7.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.31-7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.59 (s, IH), 3.77-3.70 (m, IH), 3.62-3.52 (m, IH), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.33 (m, IH), 2.25-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.97 (m, IH), 1.41-1.31 (m, IH), 1.29-1.17 (m, 3H); and

6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 68b) (50 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.082 min., purity: 97.83%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.606 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (s, IH), 7.83-7.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.31-7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.76-3.69 (m, IH), 3.60-3.49 (m, IH), 3.47-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.33 (m, IH), 2.25-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.02 (m, IH), 1.38-1.35 (m, IH), 1.31-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00946] Example 69: (+/-)-5-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)b

[00947] Following general procedure A, rac-69 was prepared from compound B-109 and rac-A- 111 (0.24 g, 1.6 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column:

Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 44-74% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-69 (0.20 g, 64%) as a yellow solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.1.

[00948] Chiral Separation:

[00949] Rac-69 (0.20 g, 0.61 mmol) in 5 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: OD-250x30mm, I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

5 -methyl -N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 69a) (55 mg, 28% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.483 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (B): tR=0.686 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10-8.09 (m, IH), 7.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.33 (d, J=8.4Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.75-3.59 (m, IH), 3.59-3.59 (m, IH), 3.48-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.45- 2.45 (m, IH), 2.36-2.33 (m, IH), 2.24-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.00 (m, 1H),1.42-1.40 (m, IH), 1.31- 1.19 (m, 3H); and

5-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan ]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 69b) (25 mg, 13% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.099 min., purity: 98.88%; LCMS (B): tR=0.661 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 327.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09-8.09 (m, IH), 7.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.33 (d, J=8.0Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.75-3.73 (m, IH), 3.59-3.59 (m, IH), 3.58-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H),

2.46- 2.45 (m, IH), 2.36-2.36 (m, IH), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.00 (m, 1H),1.42-1.40 (m, IH), 1.31- 1.19 (m, 3H).

[00950] Example 70: (+/-)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)-5-

[00951] Following general procedure A, rac-1 was prepared from 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol). The product was purified by prep- HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac- 70 (0.18 g, 72% yield) as a white solid.

[00952] Chiral Separation:

[00953] Rac-70 (0.12 g, 0.32 mmol) in 3 mL of ethanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 40% ethanol (0.1% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 70a) (54 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.87 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=1.415 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.26 (s, IH), 8.23 (s, IH), 8.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.30 (s, IH), 3.40-3.22 (m, IH), 3.20-3.18 (m, IH), 3.06-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.18 (m, IH), 2.10-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.63 (m, IH), 1.03-0.96 (m, IH), 0.88-0.78 (m, 2H); and

N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 70b) (60 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.59 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=2.63 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.4; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.26 (s, IH), 8.24 (s, IH), 8.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.73-7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.33 (s, IH), 3.42-3.37 (m, IH), 3.24-3.21 (m, IH), 3.09-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.21 (m, IH), 2.10-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.74-1.66 (m, IH), 1.05-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.91-0.80 (m, 2H). [00954] Example 71: (+/-)-6-cyclopropyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'

[00955] Following general procedure A, rac-71 was prepared from compound B-112 and rac-A- 111 (0.14 g, 0.89 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 44-74% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-71 (0.20 g, 64%) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.1.

[00956] Chiral Separation:

[00957] Rac-71 (0.20 g, 0.57 mmol) in 5 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: OD-250x30mm, I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 71a) (0.10 g, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.796 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (M): tR=l . l 1 1 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.62 (s, IH), 7.16 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1.4Hz, IH), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.74-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.03 (m, 6H), 1.36-1.04 (m, 6H), 0.80-0.76 (m, 2H), and

6-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 71b) (0.10 g, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=3.478 min., purity: 99.43%; LCMS (M): tR=l . l 14 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.62 (s, IH), 7.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.55 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.46-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.43-2.03 (m, 6H), 1.30-1.03 (m, 6H), 0.79-0.77 (m, 2H).

[00958] Example 72: (+/-)-5-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]- '-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (rac-72)

[00959] Following general procedure A, rac-72 was prepared from compound B-115 and rac-A- 111 (0.14 g, 0.89 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] to give rac-11 (0.10 g, 31%) as a white solid. LCMS: (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.1.

[00960] Chiral Separation:

[00961] Rac-12 (0.10 g, 0.28 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: OD-250x30mm, I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% methanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

5 -cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 72a) (50 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 2.70 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (B): tR=0.728 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.21 (dd, J=8.8Hz, 1.2Hz, 1H), 4.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.44 (m, 4H), 2.46-2.07 (m, 6H), 1.39-1.03 (m, 4H), 0.78-0.76 (m, 2H); and

5 -cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 72b) (50 mg, 50% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 3.32 min., purity: 99.22%; LCMS (B): tR=0.734 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 353.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (d, J=9.2Hz, 3.2Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.41 (m, 4H), 2.45-2.07 (m, 6H), 1.29-1.03 (m, 4H), 0.78-0.76 (m, 2H).

[00962] Example 73: (+/-)-6-methoxy-N-( r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thioph

[00963] To a mixture of 6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (0.30 g, 1.4 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (2.8 mL) was added 2-(3H-[l,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethylisouronium hexafluorophosphate (0.66 g, 1.7 mmol), followed by rac-A-111 (0.22 g, 1.4 mmol) and triethylamine (0.29 g, 2.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed 4 times with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 36-66% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give racemate rac-73 (0.13 g, 26% yield) as a white solid.

[00964] Chiral Separation:

[00965] Rac-73 (0.13 g, 0.38 mmol) in 3 mL of methanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 50% ethanol (0.01% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give: 6-methoxy-N-( Γ-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 73a) (70 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.61 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=1.265 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 343.1; ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.46 (s, lH), 7.06 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.34 (s, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.42 (m, IH), 3.28-3.25 (m, IH), 3.12-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.22 (m, IH), 2.15-2.10 (m, IH), 2.00-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, IH), 1.08-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.86 (m, 2H); and

6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa n]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 73b) (70 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.26 min., purity: 99.63%; LCMS (J): tR=1.278 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 343.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.06 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=9.2 Hz, IH), 7.46 (s,lH), 7.06 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.44 (s, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.56 (m, IH), 3.41-3.40 (m, IH), 3.28-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.31 (m, IH), 2.23-2.21 (m, IH), 2.11-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.84 (m, IH), 1.23-1.20 (m, IH), 1.14-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.00 (m, IH).

[00966] Example 74: (+/-)-5-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (rac- 74)

[00967] Following general procedure A, rac-74 was prepared from 5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxylic acid and rac-A-111 (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol). The product was purified by prep-HPLC

[Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give rac-74 (0.12 g, 54% yield) as a white solid.

[00968] Chiral Separation:

[00969] Rac- 74 (0.10 g, 0.29 mmol) in 3 mL of ethanol was separated by SFC (Instrument: SFC 80; Column: Chiralpak OD-H 250x25 mm I.D., 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 45% ethanol (0.1% NH ₃ H ₂ 0) in C0 ₂ ) according to general procedure A to give:

5 -methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b] thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomerl hydrochloride (compound 74a) (80 mg, 67% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.56 min., purity: 99.60%; LCMS (G): tR=2.231 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 343.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.06 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 7.13 (dd, J _! =2.4 Hz, J ₂ =8.8 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.72 (m, IH), 3.60-3.45 (m, 3H), 2.47- 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.36 (m, IH), 1.28-1.21 (m, 3H); and

5 -methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b] thiophene-2- carboxamide-enantiomer2 hydrochloride (compound 74b) (12 mg, 10% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.03 min., purity: 99.49%; LCMS (B): tR=0.656 min., (ES ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 343.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.40 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 7.14 (dd, Jj=2.8 Hz, J ₂ =8.8 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.60 (m, IH), 3.59-3.44 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.37-2.19 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.00 (m, IH), 1.41-1.39 (m, IH), 1.31-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00970] Example 75:

[00971] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)furo[2,3- c] pyridine -5 -carbo

[00972] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-75 was prepared from furo[2,3- c] pyridine -5 -carboxylic acid (54 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E;

Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-75) (77 mg, 79% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=2.39 min., purity: 99.53%; LCMS (X): tR=1.513 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 298.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.22 (s, IH), 8.90 (s, IH), 8.50 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.39 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 4.63 (s, IH), 3.80-3.79 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.52-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.49 (m, IH), 2.42-2.36 (m, IH), 2.25-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.02 (m, IH), 1.45-1.40 (m, IH), 1.34-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.19 (m, IH).

[00973] Preparation of (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)furo[2,3- c] pyridine -5 -carbo

[00974] Following general procedure B, Compound 498-SBA was prepared from furo[2,3- c] pyridine -5 -carboxylic acid (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) and compound (Λ)-Α-111 (0.30 g, 0.20 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-75) (50 mg, 85% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (H) tR=3.04 min., purity: 99.45%; LCMS (X): tR=1.528 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 333.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.21 (s, IH), 8.87 (s, IH), 8.49 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 7.38 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 4.63 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.17 (m, 1H).

[00975] Example 76:

[00976] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-2,3- dihydro-[l,4]dioxino -c]pyridine-7-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-76)

[00977] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-76 was prepared from compound B-124 (60 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)-2,3 -dihydro- [ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-76) (30 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR = 2.73 min., purity: 99.87%; LCMS (X): tR=1.464 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 4.64-4.63 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.31- 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.16 (m, 1H).

[00978] Preparation of (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-2,3- dihydro-[ l,4]dioxino -c]pyridine-7-carboxamide hydrochloride ((S)-76)

[00979] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-16 was prepared from compound B-124 (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) and compound (S)-A-lll (0.30 g, 0.20 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(5)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-2, 3-dihydro- [ l,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-76) (50 mg, 85% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR = 2.88 min., purity: 99.21%; LCMS (X): tR=1.464 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 316.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 4.65-4.63 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.60 (m, IH), 4.54-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.73 (m, IH), 3.57-3.56 (m, IH), 3.49-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.45- 2.44 (m, IH), 2.34-2.30 (m, IH), 2.22-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.94 (m, IH), 1.43-1.39 (m, IH), 1.37-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.18-1.15 (m, IH).

[00980] Example 77: (i?)-3-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophen -5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-77)

[00981] Following general procedure B, Compound (R)-ll was prepared from compound B-127 (63 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 5-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-77) (60 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.62 min., purity: 97.93%; LCMS (B): tR=0.664 min., 327.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.28 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 7.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.82 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, IH), 7.33 (s, IH), 4.63 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.71-3.69 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.52-2.47 (m, IH), 2.34 (m, IH), 2.26-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.99 (m, IH), 1.41-1.38 (m, IH), 1.29-1.19 (m, 3H).

[00982] Example 78: (i?)-3-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophene- -carboxamide ((i?)-78)

[00983] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-78 was prepared from compound B-122 (69 mg, 0.36 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC18 150x30mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-78) (30 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.58 min., purity: 97.59%; LCMS (B): tR=0.643 min., 327.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.42 (s, IH), 8.46 (d, J=8.0Hz, IH), 7.45 (s, IH), 4.62 (d, J=2Hz, IH), 3.72- 3.70 (m, IH), 3.61-3.60 (m, IH), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.04-2.01 (m, IH), 1.40-1.37 (m, IH), 1.30-1.22 (m, 3H).

[00984] Example 79: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH- indole- 6- carboxamide ((i?)-

[00985] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-79 was prepared from lH-indole-6- carboxylic acid (53 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)- lH-indole-6-carboxamide (compound (i?)-79) (24 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.77 min., purity: 97.84%; LCMS (G): tR=2.234 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 296.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.92 (s, IH), 7.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, IH), 7.41 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 6.53 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 4.24 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 3.33-3.23 (m, IH), 3.10-3.08 (m, IH), 2.93-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.12 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 2.02-1.90 (m, IH), 1.89-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, IH), 0.93-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.70 (m, 2H).

[00986] Example 80:

[00987] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' - yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyridazine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-80)

[00988] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-80 was prepared from pyrazolo[l,5- b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (53 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyridazine-3- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-80) (30 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR = 3.73 min., purity: 96.63%; LCMS (X): tR = 1.319 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 298.1 ; ¾-

NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, IH), 8.63 (dd, J== 9.4 Hz, J ₂ = 2.0 Hz, IH), 8.53-8.51 (dd, J== 4.4 Hz, J ₂ = 2.0 Hz, IH), 7.42-7.38 (m, IH), 4.60 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.69-3.58 (m, IH), 3.57-3.47 (m, IH), 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.42 (m, IH), 2.36-2.30 (m, IH), 2.23-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.97 (m, IH), 1.39-1.34 (m, IH), 1.26-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00989] Preparation of (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)pyrazolo[ l,5-b]pyri

[00990] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-80 was prepared from pyrazolo[l,5- b]pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (S)-A-lll (47 mg, 0.31 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(5)- N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)p yrazolo[l,5-b]pyridazine-3- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound ( )-80) (30 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (G) tR = 2.98 min., purity: 99.29%; LCMS (X): tR = 1.309 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 298.1 ; ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, IH), 8.63 (dd, 9.4 Hz, J ₂ = 2.0 Hz, IH), 8.52 (dd, 4.4 Hz, J ₂ = 2.0 Hz, IH), 7.41-7.38 (m, IH), 4.59 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, IH), 3.73-3.72 (m, IH), 3.57-3.47 (m, IH), 3.45-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.42 (m, IH), 2.36-2.29 (m, IH), 2.24-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.96 (m, IH), 1.39- 1.34 (m, IH), 1.23-1.17 (m, 3H).

[00991] Example 81:

[00992] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)thieno[2,3- 6]pyridine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-81)

[00993] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-81 was prepared from thieno[2,3- 6]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (59 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 8-38% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)thieno[2,3-6]pyridine-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-81) (43 mg, 42% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.62 min., purity: 97.29%; LCMS (U): tR=1.124 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 314.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (d, J=4.8, 1.2 Hz, IH), 8.51 (d, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, IH), 8.25 (s, IH), 7.62 (d, J=8.0, 4.8 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.77-3.73 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.45 (m, IH), 2.36 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.99 (m, IH), 1.40-1.36 (m, IH), 1.31-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.20 (m, IH).

[00994] Preparation of (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno[2,3- b] pyridine -2 -carbo

[00995] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-81 was prepared from thieno[2,3- 6]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (47 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (S)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 8-38% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno[2,3-6]pyridine-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound ( )-81) (50 mg, 61% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.52 min., purity: 97.73%; LCMS (U): tR=1.127 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 314.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.85-8.84 (m, IH), 8.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.43 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=8.4, 5.2 Hz, IH), 4.59 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.79-3.75 (m, IH), 3.58-3.57 (m, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.96 (m, IH), 1.40-1.39 (m, IH), 1.35-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.18- 1.17 (m, IH).

[00996] Example 82:

[00997] Preparation of (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' - yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-82)

[00998] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-82 was prepared from benzo[d]thiazole- 2-carboxylic acid (59 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 14-44% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-82) (58 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.10 min., purity: 97.31%; LCMS (V): tR=2.478 min., 314.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.64 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.60 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, IH), 3.80-3.77 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.52-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.48 (m, IH), 2.36 (m, IH), 2.26-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.97 (m, IH), 1.40-1.37 (m, IH), 1.31-1.20 (m, 3H).

[00999] Preparation of (5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2

[001000] Following general procedure B, Compound (S)-82 was prepared from benzo[d]thiazole- 2-carboxylic acid (47 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (S)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 14-44% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized to give:

(5)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (S)-82) (40 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.27 min., purity: 97.78%; LCMS (V): tR=2.469 min., 314.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.1 1 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.64 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.60 (s, IH), 3.78-3.74 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.52-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.48 (m, IH), 2.36- 2.34 (m, IH), 2.25-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, IH), 1.40-1.35 (m, IH), 1.34-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001001] Example 83: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophen -5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-83)

[001002] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-83 was prepared from

benzo[b]thiophene-5-carboxylic acid (64 mg, 0.36 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 5-35% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HC1, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N- (r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)ben zo[b]thiophene-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-83) (15 mg, 15% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.57 min., purity: 98.14%; LCMS (C): tR=1.267 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 313.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.38(s, IH), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.81 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.73 (d, J=5.2 Hz, IH), 7.52 (d, J=5.2 Hz, IH), 4.62(s, IH), 3.72-3.68 (m, IH), 3.60-3.51 (m, IH), 3.50-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.48 (m, IH), 2.38-2.17 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, IH), 1.42-1.38 (m, IH), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H). [001003] Example 84: (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzofuran- 6-carboxamide hydro

[001004] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-84 was prepared from compound B-128 (53 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 3-33% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzofuran-6-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-84) (45mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.11 min., purity: 97.07%; LCMS (R): tR=0.417., 297.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.71 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 3.69-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.44 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.96 (s, lH), 1.35-1.25 (m, 1H), 1.24-1.17 (m, 1H).

[001005] Example 85: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[d]oxazole -5 -carboxamide ((i?)-85)

[001006] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-85 was prepared from compound B-129 (0.069 g, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (0.051 g, 0.34 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-2 -methyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]oxazole-5- carboxamide (compound (i?)-85) (0.030 g, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.04 min., purity: 97.63%; LCMS (J): tR=0.970 min., 312.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.85 (m, lH), 7.65(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.27-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.56 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.68 (m, 2H).

[001007] Example 86: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [d] oxazole -6 -carboxamide ((i?)-86)

[001008] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-86 was prepared from compound B-130 (0.060 g, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (0.052 g, 0.34 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-2 -methyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]oxazole-6- carboxamide (compound (R)-86) (0.040 g, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.14 min., purity: 97.62%; LCMS (J): tR=0.960 min., 312.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.87-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.23 (s, 1H), 3.25-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.09- 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.57-1.57 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.68 (m, 2H).

[001009] Example 87: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[d]thiazole- -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-87)

[001010] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-87 was prepared from 2- methylbenzo[d]thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (63 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 8-38% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with HC1 and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-87) (50 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.34 min., purity: 97.73%; LCMS (K): tR=1.210 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 328.0; TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 1H), 3.72- 3.71 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.49-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.16 (m, 3H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.22 (m, 3H).

[001011] Example 88: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-88)

[001012] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-88 was prepared from 2- methylbenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (63 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 8-38% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)], treated with 0.2 N HC1 and lyophilied to give:

(i?)-2 -methyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[d]thiazole-6- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-88) (48 mg, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.50 min., purity: 97.89%; LCMS (K): tR=1.164 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 328.0; i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.58 (s, IH), 8.06-7.99 (m, 2H), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.72-3.58 (m, IH), 3.57-3.48 (m, IH), 3.46-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.47-2.46 (m, IH), 2.33-2.30 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.02- 1.95 (m, IH), 1.42-1.41 (m, IH), 1.33-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001013] Example 89: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)furo [2,3- b]pyridine-5-carbo

[001014] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-89 was prepared from compound B-135 (54 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-89) (40 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.75 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=1.27 min., 298.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.76 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 8.56 (s, IH), 8.03 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 7.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.53 (s, IH), 3.59-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.42 (m, IH), 2.28-2.1 1 (m, 3H), 1.92 (m, IH), 1.29-1.12 (m, 4H).

[001015] Example 90: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)furo [3,2- b]pyridine-5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-90)

[001016] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-90 was prepared from compound B-138 (54 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)furo [3 ,2-b]pyridine-5 - carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-90) (50 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.94 min., purity: 98.64%; LCMS (M): tR=0.899 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 298.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.34 (d, J=2.4 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 8.26 (m,2H), 8.21 (d, J=2.0 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.60 (s, 1H), 3.77- 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.58 (m, 1Η),3.50-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.1 1 (m, 3H).

[001017] Example 91: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-5 -c

[001018] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-91 was prepared from 2- methylbenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-2 -methyl -N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-5 - carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-91) (15 mg, 13% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.103 min., purity: 97.71%; LCMS (B): tR=0.640 min., 31 1.1 m/z (M+l); Ti-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4, IH), 7.49 (d, J=8.4, 1H), 6.58 (s, IH), 4.60 (m, 1H), 3.69- 3.61 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.19 (m, 3H), 2.01-1.99 (m, IH), 1.40-1.36 (m, IH), 1.27-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001019] Example 92: (i?)-2-chloro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-5 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-92)

[001020] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-92 was prepared from compound B-140 (71 mg, 0.36 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (R)-92) (23 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 2.10 min., purity: 97.99%; LCMS (S): tR=0.89 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 331.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=1.2 Hz, IH), 7.83 (dd, Ji=8.8 Hz, J^l .6 Hz, IH), 7.60 (d, J=1.6 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 6.91 (s, IH), 4.59 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 3.71-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.46 (m, IH), 2.33-2.18 (m, 3H), 2.02-1.99 (m, IH), 1.42-1.38 (m, IH), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001021] Example 93: (i?)-3-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-5-carb

[001022] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-93 was prepared from compound B-143 (69 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-3-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-93) (47 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.06 min., purity: 99.42%; LCMS (B): tR=0.606 min., 31 1.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (d, J=4 Hz, IH), δ 7.81(dd, ^=8 Hz, J ₂ =4 Hz, IH), 7.64 (d, J=4 Hz, IH), 7.53 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.60 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.48-3.46 (m, IH), 3.45-3.43 (m, IH), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, 4H), 2.24-2.18 (m, IH), 2.00 (m, IH), 1.40-1.35 (m, IH), 1.27-1.20 (m, IH).

[001023] Example 94: (i?)-3-chloro-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-94)

[001024] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-94 was prepared from compound B-146 (64 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-3-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-94) (20 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.09 min., purity: 97.90%; LCMS (B): tR=0.622 min., 331.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19-8.18 (m, IH), 8.06 (s, IH), 7.94 (d, J=8.8, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.8, IH), 3.71-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.41 (s, 2H), 2.49-2.48 (m, IH), 2.37-2.19 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, IH), 1.40-1.20 (m, 5H).

[001025] Example 95: (i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)- lH-benzo[d]imidazo -5-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-95)

[001026] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-95 was prepared from 1-methyl-lH- benzofd] imidazole -5 -carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (52 mg, 0.34 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-l -methyl -N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl )-lH- benzo[d] imidazole -5 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-95) (20 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.01 min., purity: 97.72%; LCMS (O): tR=1.726 min., 311.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.40 (s, IH), 8.40 (s, IH), 8.16 (d, J=8.8, IH), 8.02 (d, J=8.8, IH), 4.18 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.75 (m, IH), 3.61-3.60 (m, IH), 3.51-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.49 (m, IH), 2.37- 2.35 (m, IH), 2.27-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.97 (m, IH), 1.44-1.41 (m, IH), 1.34-1.22 (m, 3H).

[001027] Example 96: (i?)-l-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'-yl)- lH-benzo[d]imidazo -6-carboxamide ((i?)-96)

[001028] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-96 was prepared from 1-methyl-lH- benzo[d] imidazole -6 -carboxylic acid (58 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: welch Xtimate C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-lH- benzo[d] imidazole -6 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (R)-96) (40 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.96 min., purity: 96.48%; LCMS (Q): tR=2.633 min., 31 1.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.53 (s, IH), 8.60 (s, IH), 8.19 (d, J=8.8Hz, IH), 7.97 (d, J=8.8Hz, IH), 4.65 (s, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.85-3.78 (m, IH), 3.61 (m, IH), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.50- 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.02 (m, IH), 1.45-1.41 (m, IH) 1.36-1.31 (m, 2H) 1.24-1.21 (m, IH).

[001029] Example 97: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)thie no[2,3- c] pyridine -5 -carb

[001030] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-97 was prepared from compound B-148 (71 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex SynergiC18 150 25mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-5- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-97) (40 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.42 min., purity: 98.60%; LCMS (J): tR=1.454 min., 314.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.46 (s, IH), 8.87 (s, IH), 8.43 (d, J=5.2Hz, IH), 7.83 (d, J=5.2Hz, IH), 4.66 (s, IH), 3.82-3.80 (m, IH), 3.62-3.54 (m, IH), 3.52-3.44 (m, IH), 2.40-2.29 (m, IH), 2.28-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.05 (m, IH), 1.43-1.41 (m, IH) 1.33-1.29 (m, IH) 1.26-1.23 (m, IH).

[001031] Example 98: (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-6-( lH- l,2,3-triazol-l-yl

[001032] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-98 was prepared from compound B-164 (80 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-6-( lH-l,2,3-triazol-l - yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (R)-98) (31 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.33 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (M): tR=0.986 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 380.0; ¾-NMR (D ₂ 0, 400 MHz): δ 8.30 (d, J=0.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 8.00 (d, J=1.6 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 7.83- 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.77 (s, IH), 7.56 (dd, J _! =8.8 Hz, J ₂ =2.0 Hz, IH), 4.38 (s, IH), 3.57-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.39- 3.28 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.32 (m, IH), 2.19-2.06 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.91 (m, IH), 1.19-1.14 (m, 2H), 1.09-1.05 (m, 2H).

[001033] Example 99: ( ?)-6-moφholino-N-( Γ-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[6]

[001034] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-99 was prepared from compound B-150 (86 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: Waters Xbridge C 18 150x20 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 52-70% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-morpholino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-99) (18 mg, 13% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.38 min., purity: 97.39%; LCMS (L): tR=2.827 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 398.1 ; ¾-NMR (DMSO-d ₆ , 400 MHz): δ 10.40 (s, IH), 8.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.18 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.45 (s, IH), 7.19 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.35 (d, J=6.0 Hz, IH), 3.76 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.22 (m, 6H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.36- 1.23 (m, 2H), 1.04-0.96 (m, 2H).

[001035] Example 100: (i?)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-l-yl)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]

[001036] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-100 was prepared from compound B- 153 (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (43 mg, 0.28 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Symmetrix C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% FA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl) -N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-100) (21 mg, 19% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.04 min., purity: 97.13%; LCMS (X): tR=2.301 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 432.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 4H), 3.74-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.56- 3.54 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.42 (m, 5H), 2.34 (m. 1H), 2.19-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.08 (m, 1H).

[001037] Example 101: (i?)-6-bromo-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophe -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-101)

[001038] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-101 was prepared from 6- bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (84 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50mmg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-bromo-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-101) (63 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.70 min., purity: 98.09%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.797 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 392.9; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, Ji=8.4, J ₂ =1.6, 2H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.37- 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.35 (m, 1H). 1.28-1.15 (m, 3H).

[001039] Example 102: (i?)-6-isopropoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[6]

[001040] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-102 was prepared from compound B- 156 (78 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x25 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 40-70% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-isopropoxy-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-102) (33 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.44 min., purity: 98.84%; LCMS (Ν): tR=2.381 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 371.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.41 (s, IH), 7.01 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, IH), 4.73-4.65 (m, IH), 4.54 (s, IH), 3.75-3.68 (m, IH), 3.56 (m, IH), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, IH), 2.36-2.31 (m, IH), 2.20-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.94 (m, IH), 1.35- 1.34 (m, 7H), 1.29-1.17 (m, 3H).

[001041] Example 103: (i?)-6-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- l)benz -2 -carboxamide h drochloride ((i?)- 103)

[001042] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-103 was prepared from compound B- 158 (84 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 1 1-41% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The combined fractions were treated with 0.2 Ν HCI and lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-(methylsulfonyl)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-103) (30 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.94 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (M): tR=1.016min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 391.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.64 (s, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 8.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.97 (dd, J _! =8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, IH), 4.59 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.72-3.71 (m, IH), 3.59-3.51 (m, IH), 3.49-3.44 (m ₅ 2 H), 3.20 (s, 3 H), 2.47-2.46 (m, IH), 2.35-2.32 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2 H), 2.01-2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.39-1.35 (m, 1 H), 1.29-1.20 (m, 3 H).

[001043] Example 104: ^' i?i-6-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide ((R)- 104)

[001044] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-104 was prepared from compound B- 117 (67 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-cyano-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-104) (39 mg, 35% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.63 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.617 min., 338.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.42 (s, IH), 8.29 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.72-7.70 (dd, J^l .2 Hz, J ₂ =8.4Hz, IH), 4.59 (s, IH), 3.79-3.75 (m, IH), 3.62-3.45 (m, 3H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.02 (m, IH), 1.42-1.20 (m, 4H).

[001045] Example 105: (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-6- (tetrahydro-2 oxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-105)

_(R) -A-111 TEA- HATU- DMP 12hr

[001046] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-105 was prepared from compound B- 167 (86 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-105) (44 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 3.04 min., purity: 97.73%; LCMS (Y): tR: 0.747 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 397.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (s, IH), 7.85 (d, J=8.4Hz, IH), 7.78 (s, IH), 7.36-7.33 (m, IH), 4.54 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.06-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.69 (m, IH), 3.60-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.89 (m, IH), 2.42-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, IH), 1.86-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.38 (m, IH), 1.32-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.14 (m, IH).

[001047] Example 106: (i?)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octa -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 106)

[001048] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-106 was prepared from compound B- 175 (69 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-fluoro-6-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-106) (85 mg, 68% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.273 min., purity: 96.72%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.807 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 345.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.33 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.57 (d, J=2 Hz, IH), 3.71-3.70 (m, IH), 3.59-3.50 (m, IH), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.32 (m, IH), 2.23-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.33 (m, IH), 1.27- 1.20 (m, 3H).

[001049] Example 107: (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-2,3- dihydrobenzo [b] [ 1 ,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide ((R)- 107)

[001050] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-107 was prepared from 2,3- dihydrobenzo[b] [ 1,4] dioxine -6 -carboxylic acid (36 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-2, 3- dihydrobenzo[b] [ 1,4] dioxine -6 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-107) (58 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.28 min., purity: 98.41%; LCMS (W): tR=0.817 min., 315.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 7.40 (s, IH), 7.38 (s, IH), 6.93 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.53 (s, IH), 4.32-4.29 (m, 4H), 3.73-3.41 (m, 4H), 2.41-2.16 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.93 (m, IH), 1.43-1.14 (m, 4H).

[001051] Example 108: (i?)-2-amino-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)thieno[2,3-d]py rimidine -6- carboxamide hydro

[001052] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-108 was prepared from compound B- 179 (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (47 mg, 0.31 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give: (i?)-2-amino-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl)thieno [2, 3 -d] pyrimidine -6 -carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-108) (50 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.42 min., purity: 99.14%; LCMS (M): tR=0.812 min., 332.0 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.01 (s, IH), 8.20 (s, IH), 4.26 (m, IH), 3.75-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.49- 2.48 (m, IH), 2.29-2.28 (m, IH), 2.18-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.92 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H) , 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001053] Example 109: (i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[6]th iophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-109)

[001054] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-109 was prepared from compound B- 182 ( 120 mg, 0.49 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (75 mg, 0.49 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Symmetrix ODS-R C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.225% FA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[6]th iophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-109) (82 mg, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.22 min., purity: 97.50%; LCMS (H): tR=1.786 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 383.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, IH), 7.87 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.77-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.1 1-1.96 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001055] Example 110: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- fluorobenzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-110)

[001056] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-110 was prepared from compound B- 184 (120 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 29-59% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-110) (70 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.946 min., purity: 97.54%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.746 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =367.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.54 (dd, Ji=8 Hz, J ₂ =6.8 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.75-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18- 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[001057] Example 111: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[6

[001058] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-lll was prepared from compound B- 187 ( 146 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1 % TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(trifluorom ethyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-lll) (1 16 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.87 min., purity: 97.89%; LCMS (H): tR=1.766 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 417.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.24 (s, IH), 8.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.39 (m, IH), 2.27 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.80 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[001059] Example 112: (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- methoxybenzo[b]thio

[001060] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-112 was prepared from compound B- 190 ( 126 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 24-54% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-112) (1 16 mg, 53% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.267 min., purity: 97.66%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.716 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =379.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, IH), 7.86 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.32 (d, J=8.8, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.40 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.18-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.90 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H). [001061] Example 113: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-me1hyl-7-(trifluorom ethyl)bi thiophene-2-carboxami

[001062] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-113 was prepared from compound B- 193 (0.12 g, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 28-58% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6-methyl -7 -(trifluoromethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 - carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-113) (0.12 g, 69% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.59 min., purity: 97.70%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.861 min., 397.1 m/z (M+1); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.49 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 0.5H), 8.19 (s, IH), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.72-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.64 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001063] Example 114: (i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- fluorobenzo[b]thiophe

[001064] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-114 was prepared from compound B- 195 (0.11 g, 0.49 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -6 -fluorobenzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-114) (0.40 g, 31% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.906 min., purity: 98.17%; LCMS (M): tR=1.095 min., 367.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, IH), 7.93 (dd, J l=8.4 Hz, J2=4 Hz, IH), 7.42 (t, J=9.2 Hz, IH), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.75- 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30 (s, IH), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001065] Example 115: 7? -7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 - carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-115)

[001066] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-115 was prepared from compound B- 197 (as a mixture with compound B-198) (80 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (60 mg,

0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophe ne-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-115) ( 15 mg, 32% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.30 min., purity: 99.66%; LCMS (M): tR=0.973 min., 340.1 m/z (M+l); 1H-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.59 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), δ 8.30 (s, IH), 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.64 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.36 (m, IH), 2.45-2.44 (m, IH), 2.31-2.13 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[001067] Example 116: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2- carboxamide hydrochlori

[001068] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-116 was prepared from compound B- 200 (67 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiop hene-2-carboxamide- hydrichloride (compound (i?)-116) (72 mg, 65% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.35 min., purity: 99.66%; LCMS (M): tR=0.992 min., 345.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, IH), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.44 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.01 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, IH), 3.30 (m, IH), 2.47-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, 3H), 1.98-1.92 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001069] Example 117: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-difluorobenzo[b]th iophene -2- carboxamide hydrochl

[001070] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-117 was prepared from compound B- 203 (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6,7-difluorobenzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-117) (60 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.66 min., purity: 96.66%; LCMS (B): tR=0.702 min., 350.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.21 (d, J=3.2, IH), 7.79-7.76 (m, IH), 7.47-7.41 (m, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40- 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30 (d, J=2.8, IH), 2.19-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.768 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001071] Example 118: (i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochlori -118)

[001072] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-118 was prepared from compound B- 205 (0.12 g, 0.54 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 24-54% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]t hiophene-2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-118) (75 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.228 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.711 min., 355.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.17 (s, IH), 7.76 (d, J= Hz, IH), 7.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.77-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.43 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, IH), 2.20-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[001073] Example 119: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropylbenzo[b]thi ophene-2- carboxamide hydrochl

[001074] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-119 was prepared from compound B- 208 (0.11 g, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 14 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropylbenzo[b]thi ophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-119) (0.10 g, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.765 min., purity: 97.44%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.836 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 357.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.46-8.44 (m, IH), 7.18 (m, IH), 7.79-7.77 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.47-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.28 (s, IH), 3.78-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.23 (m, IH), 2.44 (m, IH), 2.30-2.20 (m, IH), 2.16-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.93 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H).

[001075] Example 120: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)ben

[001076] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-120 was prepared from compound B- 210 ( 136 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150*30, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-120) (130 mg, 57% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.346 min., purity: 98.01%; LCMS (B):

tR=0.733 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =399.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.23 (s, IH), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.55 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH ), 7.44 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38- 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.29-2.28 (m, IH), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.95 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001077] Example 121: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran -4- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-121)

[001078] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-121 was prepared from compound B- 213 (1 19 mg, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran -4-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-121) (60 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR: 3.12 min., purity: 99.87%; LCMS (B): tR: 0.585 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 399.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, IH), 7.80 (dd, J^.6 Hz, J ₂ =0.8 Hz, IH), 7.47-7.43 (m, IH), 7.39 (d, J=6.8 Hz, IH), 4.27 (dd, 1^4.8 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, IH), 4.12-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.13 (m, IH), 2.45-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.14-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.00- 1.91 (m, 5H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (m, 3H).

[001079] Example 122: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamid e hydrochloride ((i?)-1

[001080] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-122 was prepared from lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid (80 mg, 0.50 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamid e hydrochloride (compound (i?)-122) (50 mg, 37% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.99 min., purity: 98.13%; LCMS (G): tR=2.280 min., 298.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.48-7.46 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.29-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.08 (t, J=7.2Hz, IH), 4.31 (s, IH), 3.77- 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.44 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.20-2.1 1 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, IH) 1.51 (s, 2H).

[001081] Example 123: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]

[001082] thiophene-2

[001083] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-123 was prepared from compound B- 215 (0.13 g, 0.54 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Green ODS C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 42-72% acetonitnle in H ₂ 0 (add 0.225% FA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluorobenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-123) (73 mg, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.98 min., purity: 96.51%; LCMS (B): tR=0.708 min., 367.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.79-7.76 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H).

[001084] Example 124: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-124)

[001085] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-124 was prepared from compound B- 216 (120 mg, 0.53 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (82 mg, 0.53 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex

SynergiC18 250*21.2mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-124) (150 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.54 min., purity: 97.70%; LCMS (B): tR=0.646 min., 363.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, lH), 7.65-7.61(m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.28 (d, J=2.8Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (m, 3H).

[001086] Example 125: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7- difluorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-125)

[001087] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-125 was prepared from compound B- 221 (70 mg, 0.28 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (43 mg, 0.28 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-5,7-difluorob enzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-125) (55 mg, 46% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.960 min., purity: 98.11%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.570 min., 385.0 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22-8.21 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.73-7.71 (dd, Jl=8.8 Hz, J2=1.2 Hz, IH), 4.26 (m, IH), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.3 1 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.43 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.13-1.94 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001088] Example 126: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydrochlo

[001089] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-126 was prepared from compound B- 223 (98 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150 30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 29-59% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-126) (70 mg, 37% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.023 min., purity: 98.27%; LCMS (B): tR=0.674 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =329.2; TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.38 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.29 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.27 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1Η),3.73-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.41 (m, IH), 2.28-2.27 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001090] Example 127: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 127)

[001091] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-127 was prepared from compound B- 226 (84 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethy l)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-127) (69 mg, 54% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (C) tR=0.71 min., purity: 98.06%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.806 min., 397.1 m/z (M+1); T-NMR

(CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 0.1H), 8.21 (s, IH), 7.95 (dd, J^.4 Hz, J ₂ =2.8 Hz, IH), 7.51-7.48 (m, 2H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 3.81 (q, J=1 1.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.44- 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001092] Example 128: (i?)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2

[001093] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-128 was prepared from compound B- 228 (149 mg, crude) and compound (i?)-A-104 (104 mg, 0.67 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-128) (44 mg, 15% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.32 min., purity: 99.66%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.186 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 358.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.64 (m, 1H), 4.28 (s, 1H), 3.75-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 6H), 3.36-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.18- 2.1 1 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.52 (m, 3H).

[001094] Example 129: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(thiazol-2-yl)benzo[ b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydroc

[001095] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-129 was prepared from compound B- 230 ( 1 19 mg, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -7-(thiazol -2 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-129) (70 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (C) tR=2.054 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.895 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =398.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.09-8.014 (m, 3H), 7.70 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),7.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H). [001096] Example 130: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxam ide hydrochloride ((i?)-130)

[001097] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-130 was prepared from isoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid (90 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxam ide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-130) ( 130 mg, 72% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.741 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.575 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =310.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.69 (s, IH), 9.14 (s, IH), 8.52 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.22 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.08 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.38 (s, IH), 3.76-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.47 (m, IH), 2.35 (m, IH), 2.22-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.96 (m, lH), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 3H).

[001098] Example 131: (i?)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2- carboxamide hydrochl

[001099] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-131 was prepared from compound B- 233 (96 mg, 0.49 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (63 mg, 0.41 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 32-62% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 N hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[6] thiophene-2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-131) (90 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.71 min., purity: 96.96%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.668 min., 371.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, IH), 8.17 (s, IH), 7.81 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, IH), 7.52-7.48 (m, IH), 7.45-7.41 (m, IH), 4.29 (m, IH), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.30 (m, IH), 2.20-1.93 (m, 4H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, IH), 1.52 (s, 3H).

[001100] Example 132: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-phenylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-132)

[001101] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-132 was prepared from compound B- 235 (99 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-phenylbenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-132) (70 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.57 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.754 min., 391.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.44 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 7.94 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.73 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.60-7.46 (m, 5H), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.83-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, IH), 2.46-2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.12 (m, 3H), 1.99- 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001102] Example 133: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l- methylcyclopropyl)b

[001103] Compound (i?)-133 was prepared from B-237 (90 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-

A-104 (60 mg, 0.39 mmol) using general procedure B with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(l -methylcyclopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2- carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-133) (62 mg, 47% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.76 min., purity: 98.18%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.298 min., 369.1 m/z (M+1); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.42 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.16 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.46-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.79-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.37 (m, IH), 2.47-2.42 (m, IH), 2.31-2.30 (m, IH), 2.20-2.10 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.94 (m, IH), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 0.96-0.92 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.86 (m, 2H).

[001104] Example 134: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-ethoxybenzo[6]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-134)

[001105] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-134 was prepared from compound B- 240 ( 1 15 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-ethoxybenzo[6]thioph ene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-134) (70 mg, 34% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR = 3.13 min., purity: 96.60%; LCMS (EE): tR = 2.861 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 359.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.42 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.03 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, IH), 4.24-4.23 (m, IH), 4.1 1 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.74-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.40- 2.39 (m, IH), 2.25 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 2.16-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.93 (m, IH), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.42 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

[001106] Example 135: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-135)

[001107] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-135 was prepared from compound B- 243 ( lOl .mg, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (1 17 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-ethoxybenzo[b]thioph ene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-135) (80 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.37 min., purity: 99.52%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.096 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =359.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.10 (s, IH), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.38 (m, IH), 6.97 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.29-4.23 (m, 3H), 3.72-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.39 (m, IH), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.17-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.901 (m, IH), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.51-1.47 (m, 6H).

[001108] Example 136: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxybenzo[b]th iophene-2- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-136)

[001109] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-136 was prepared from compound B- 246 (107 mg, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-I; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 28-58% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-isopropoxybenzo[b]th iophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-136) (101 mg, 54% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.970 min., purity: 98.63%; LCMS (EE): tR=3.041 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =373.2; i-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.87-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.28- 2.27 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H).

[001110] Example 137: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- methoxybenzo[b]thio

[001111] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-137 was prepared from compound B- 248 (110 mg, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 38-68%> acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1%> TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-137) (72 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.982 min., purity: 98.64%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.455 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =379.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 3H).

[001112] Example 138: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-6- methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-138)

[001113] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-138 was prepared from compound B- 251 (0.10 g, 0.45 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methoxy-6-methylbenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-138) (0.1 1 g, 59% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.89 min., purity: 97.99%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.864 min., 359.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.41 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 0.6H), 8.12 (s, IH), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.25 (s, IH), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.27-2.26 (m, IH), 2.18- 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.90 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H).

[001114] Example 139: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxam ide hydrochloride ((i?)-139)

[001115] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-139 was prepared from lH-indazole-3- carboxylic acid d (0.10 g, 0.64 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 7-37% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

'i?i-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxam ide- hydrochloride

(compound (i?)-139) (62 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.54 min., purity: 97.71%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.004 min, 299.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.63 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH), 7.47 (t, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 7.31 (t, J=7.5 Hz, IH), 4.34 (s, IH), 3.79-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.95 (m, IH), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 3H).

[001116] Example 140: (i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- methylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-140)

[001117] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-140 was prepared from compound B- 255 (0.14 g, 0.58 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Synergi CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methyl benzo[6]thiophene-2- carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-140) (0.14 g, 67% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.19 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.536 min., 369.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.36 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 0.5H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.27- 2.26 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.17-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.78 (m, 2H).

[001118] Example 141: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7- methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-141)

[001119] Following general procedure B, compound (i?)-141 was prepared from compound B- 258 ( 132 mg, 0.58 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 250x21.2 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-7-methoxybenz o[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-141) ( 1 19 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.71 min., purity: 98.06%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.356 min., 363.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (s, 1H), 7.60 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, ^=12 Hz, J ₂ =8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 4.12 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 3H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H).

[001120] Example 142: (i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6- methylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-142)

[001121] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-142 was prepared from compound B- 260 (0.11 g, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Welch Ultimate AQ- Cl 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyano-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-6-methylbenzo[ 6]thiophene-2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-142) (0.13 g, 71% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.05 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.065 min., 354.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 0.6H), 8.22 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.50 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 3.76-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.41 (m, IH), 2.29-2.28 (m, IH), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.91 (m, IH), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001122] Example 143: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- (methoxymethyl)be

[001123] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-143 was prepared from compound B- 264 (0.13 g, 0.58 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-(methoxymethyl)benzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-143) (135 mg, 64% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.12 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (Y): tR=2.205 min., 359.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.41 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 8.17 (s, IH), 7.92-7.89 (m, IH), 7.48-7.45 (m, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.28 (d, J=6.8 Hz, IH), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.30 (m, IH), 2.29-2.20 (m, IH), 2.19-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.96 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001124] Example 144: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[ 3,2- h] chromene -8 -carboxamide ((i?)- 144)

[001125] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-144 was prepared from compound B- 268 ( 122 mg, 0.52 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (80 mg, 0.52 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150*30mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 23-43% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R)-N-(2,2 -dimethylquinuclidin-3 -yl) -3 ,4 -dihydro -2H-thieno [3 ,2-h] chromene -8 -carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-144) (150 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.62 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.391 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 371.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.39- 4.36 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.26(s, 1H), 3.77-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.91 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H).

[001126] Example 145: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[ 2,3- f]chromene-2 -carb

[001127] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-145 was prepared from compound B- 272 (0.14 g, 0.58 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[ 2,3-f]chromene-2 -carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-145) (70 mg, 32% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.308 min., purity: 96.94%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.058 min., 371.2 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 6.94-6.92 (d, J=8.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.29-4.26 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.99-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001128] Example 146: (i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[b]thioph ene-6- carboxamide -hydrochloride ((i?)-146)

[001129] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-146 was prepared from compound B- 275 ( 123 mg, 0.64 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Welch Ultimate AQ- C18 150 30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 N hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzo[6]thioph ene-6-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-146) ( 1 10 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid : cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.79 min., purity: 98.20%; LCMS (GG): tR=1.946 min., 329.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.33 (s, IH), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.15 (s, IH), 4.29 (s, IH), 3.74-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.43-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.97-1.90 (m, IH), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001130] Example 147: (i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-6- carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-147)

i

[001131] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-147 was prepared from compound B- 278 (69 mg, 0.32 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (50 mg, 0.32 mmol), with a reaction time of 4.5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCI, v/v)] . The resulting solution was lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thioph ene-6-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-147) (62 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.85 min., purity: 98.63%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.278 min., 349.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (D ₂ 0, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, IH), 7.67-7.65 (d, J=8.0Hz, IH), 7.57-7.55 (d, J=8.0Hz, IH), 7.24 (s, IH), 4.11 (s, IH), 3.62-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.27- 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 2H), 2.05-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.83 (m, IH), 1.63 (s, 3H) , 1.39 (s, 3H).

[001132] Example 148: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7- methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-148)

[001133] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-148 was prepared from compound B- 281 (0.15 g, 0.64 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-104 (90 mg, 0.58 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(2,2-dimethylquinuclidin-3-yl)-7-methylbenzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-148) (70 mg, 30% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.921 min., purity: 97.21%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.508 min., 363.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, IH), 7.78-7.75 (d, J=8.4 Ηζ,ΙΗ), 7.49-7.47 (d, J=8.4 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.78- 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 3H), 2.42 (m, IH), 2.30-2.29 (m, IH), 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.96 (m, IH), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 3H).

[001134] Example 149: (i?)-2-amino-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]o ctan]-3'-yl) thieno[2,3-d]pyrim

[001135] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-149 was prepared from compound B- 179 (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (47 mg, 0.31 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 35-65% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2-amino-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- l,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)thieno [2,3- d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide-hydrochloride (compound (i?)-149) (40 mg, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.24 min., purity: 99.00%; LCMS (J): tR=0.880 min., 330.0 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.04-9.04 (d, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 4.56 (m, IH), 3.81 (s, IH), 3.58-3.33 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.99 (m, IH), 1.43-1.27 (m, 3H), 1.19- 1.16 (m, IH).

[001136] Example 150: (i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-150) I

[001137] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-150 was prepared from compound B- 182 (97 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Symmetrix ODS-R C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.225% FA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6,7-dichloro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo

[6]thiophene -2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-150) (42 mg, 26% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.73 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (H): tR=1.791 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 381.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.21 (s, IH), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.75-3.71 (m, IH), 3.57 (m, IH), 3.48-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.45 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 2.34 (m, IH), 2.24-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.98 (m, IH), 1.41-1.38 (m, IH), 1.36-1.26 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.19 (m, IH).

[001138] Example 151: (i?)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 151 )

[001139] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-151 was prepared from compound B- 184 (76 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 32-62% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-7-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-151) (60 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.418 min., purity: 99.26%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.819 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =364.9; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.54 (dd, J _! =8.4 Hz, J ₂ =7.2 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.70-3.69 (m, IH), 3.59-3.52 (m, IH), 3.51-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.46 (m, IH), 2.34-2.31 (m, IH), 2.24-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.00 (m, IH), 1.38- 1.34 (m, IH), 1.28-1.22 (m, 3H).

[001140] Example 152: (i?)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)- 7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-152)

[001141] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-152 was prepared from compound B- 187 (110 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-152) (72 mg, 40% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.34 min., purity: 98.48%; LCMS (H): tR=1.773 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 415.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.45 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.21 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.19 (m, 1H).

[001142] Example 153: (i?)-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-153)

[001143] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-153 was prepared from compound B- 285 (87 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: P YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl) benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-153) (95 mg, 72% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.07 min., purity: 98.22%; LCMS (A): tR=1.686 min., 399.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.24-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.47 (t, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.34 (s, lH), 1.28-1.17 (s, 3H).

[001144] Example 154: (i?)-7-chloro-6-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 154)

[001145] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-154 was prepared from compound B- 190 (96 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 24-54% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-154) (30 mg, 18% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.855 min., purity: 97.05%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.720 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =377.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 5 8.11 (s, IH), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.32 (d, J=8.8, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.70 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.45- 2.44 (m, IH), 2.34 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.00 (m, IH), 1.38-1.33 (m, IH), 1.26-1.21 (m, 3H).

[001146] Example 155: (i? -7-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 155)

[001147] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-155 was prepared from compound B- 170 (74 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 29-59% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i^-7-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-155) (40 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.535 min., purity: 98.25%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.768 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =361.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 5 8.11 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.34 (t, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.61 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, IH), 2.34-2.33 (m, IH), 2.24-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.96 (m, IH), 1.38- 1.34 (m, IH), 1.27-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001148] Example 156: (R) -7-chloro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 156)

[001149] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-156 was prepared from compound B- 173 (74 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-pack ODS-AQ 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 33-63% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-156) (55 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.594 min., purity: 97.66%; LCMS (B): tR=0.737 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =361.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.13 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.57 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 3.74-3.70 (m, IH), 3.59-3.50 (m, IH), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.37-2.34 (m, IH), 2.24-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.99 (m, IH), 1.38-1.34 (m, IH), 1.27-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001150] Example 157: (i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)- 7-(trifluoromethyl)benzo )

[001151] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-157 was prepared from compound B- 193 (85 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 41-71% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl) benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-157) (50 mg, 35% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.12 min., purity: 97.64%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.829 min., 395.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.21 (s, IH), 8.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 4.59 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.78-3.74 (m, IH), 3.61-3.59 (m, IH), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.66 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H), 2.47-2.46 (m, IH), 2.39-2.34 (m, IH), 2.26-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.98 (m, IH), 1.41-1.37 (m, IH), 1.31-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001152] Example 158: (i?)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 158)

[001153] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-158 was prepared from compound B- 195 (91 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thio-phene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-158) (30 mg, 23% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.412 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (J): tR=1.471 min., 365.0 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (d, J=6.4 Hz, IH), 8.228 (s, IH), 7.94 (dd, Jl=8.8 Hz, J2=4.4 Hz, IH), 7.42 (t, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.72 (m, IH), 3.63-3.53 (m, IH), 3.50-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.47 (m, IH), 2.39-2.36 (m, IH), 2.26-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.02 (m, IH), 1.40-1.37 (m, IH), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001154] Example 159: (i?)-6-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' - bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 159)

[001155] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-159 was prepared from compound B- 288 (78 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-cyclopropyl-7-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' -bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-159) (68 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.55 min., purity: 97.97%; LCMS (M): tR=1.139 min., 371.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.05 (t, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.73-3.61 (m, IH), 3.40-3.42 (m, 3H), 2.47-2.46 (m, IH), 2.30-2.18 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.12-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.84 (m, 2H).

[001156] Example 160: ^' i?i-7-cyano-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-160)

[001157] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-160 was prepared from compound B- 197 (as a mixture with compound B-198) (80 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (59 mg,

0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-cyano-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b] thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-160) (19 mg, 32% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.52 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (M): tR=0.860 min., 338.1 m/z (M+l); 1H-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.25 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (d, J=6.8 Hz, IH), 7.63 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.64 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.34 (s, IH), 3.42-3.37 (m, IH), 3.25-3.22 (m, IH), 3.13-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, IH), 2.14-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.73 (m, IH), 1.14-0.85 (m, 4H).

[001158] Example 161: (i?)-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2

[001159] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-161 was prepared from compound B- 200 (68 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2. 2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-161) (79 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.84 min., purity: 98.72%; LCMS (M): tR=0.993 min., 343.1 m/z (M+l); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, IH), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.59 (m, IH), 3.59-3.41 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.00 (m, IH), 1.41-1.20 (m, 4H).

[001160] Example 162: (i?)-6,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2] octan] - 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-162) [001161] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-162 was prepared from compound B- 203 (60 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x21.2 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-162) (20 mg, 18.2% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.14 min., purity: 97.6%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.803 min., 348.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.21 (d, J=3.6, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.59 (d, J=2.8, 1H), 3.73-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.3.61-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.47 (d, J=2.8, lH), 2.36-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 1H), 1.42-1.36 (s, 1H), 1.30-1.21(m, 3H).

[001162] Example 163: ^' i?i-6-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-163)

i

[001163] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-163 was prepared from compound B- 290 (77 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 250x21.2 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(R) -6 -chloro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane - 1 ,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzofuran-2 - carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-163) (50 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.05 min., purity: 98.40%; LCMS (H): tR=2.503 min, 331.0 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.74 (d, J = 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.37 (dd, ^=8.5 Hz, J ₂ =1.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.60 (s, 1H), 3.76-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.33 (m, 3H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.14 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.18 (m, 4H).

[001164] Example 164: (i?)-7-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzofuran-2 -carb

[001165] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-164 was prepared from compound B- 292 (77 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 26-56% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzofuran-2- carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-164) (40 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.935 min., purity: 98.61%; LCMS (J): tR=1.341 min., 331.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.72 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.67 (s, IH), 7.54 (d, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.35 (t, J=8 Hz, IH), 4.63 (s, IH), 3.80-3.77 (m, IH), 3.61-3.53 (m, IH), 3.51-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.48 (m, IH), 2.36-2.33 (m, IH), 2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.01 (m, IH), 1.40-1.20 (m, 4H).

[001166] Example 165: (i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-165)

[001167] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-165 was prepared from compound B- 205 (86 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-165) (25 mg, 20% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.710 min., purity: 98.62%; LCMS (B): tR=0.719 min., 353.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, IH), 7.77 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.39 (t, J=8 Hz, IH), 7.15 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.60 (s, IH), 3.78-3.74 (m, IH), 3.61-3.59 (m, IH), 3.50-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.48- 2.47 (m, IH), 2.37 (m, IH), 2.25-2.12 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.02 (m, IH), 1.42-1.40 (m, IH), 1.31-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.11-1.09 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.83 (m, 2H).

[001168] Example 166: (i?)-7-isopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene- -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-166)

[001169] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-166 was prepared from compound B- 208 (86 mg, 0.40 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.40 mmol), with a reaction time of 14 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-isopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-166) (80 mg, 52% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (B) tR=2.297 min., purity: 97.72%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.833 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 355.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 58.17-8.17 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 7.79-7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.47-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.60-4.60 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.78-3.73 (m, IH), 3.60-3.49 (m, IH), 3.48- 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.23 (m, IH), 2.48-2.47 (m, IH), 2.39-2.29 (m, IH), 2.26-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.01 (m, IH), 1.44-1.38 (m, 7H), 1.30-1.24 (m, 3H).

[001170] Example 167: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)b

[001171] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-167 was prepared from compound B- 210 ( 103 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(R)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)-7- (trifluoromethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-167) (90 mg, 53% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=1.854 min., purity: 97.78%; LCMS (B):

tR=0.723 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =397.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.23 (s, IH), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.54 (t, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.72-3.71 (m, IH), 3.59-3.51 (m, IH), 3.49-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.34-2.32 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.01 (m, IH), 1.39-1.35 (m, IH), 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001172] Example 168: (i? N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4 -yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 168)

[001173] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-168 was prepared from compound B- 213 (86 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i^-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)-7-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-168) (50 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.70 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.570 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 397.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J^ .6 Hz, J ₂ =0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.1 1-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.17 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.92 (m, 5H), 1.41-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.23- 1.17 (m, 1H).

[001174] Example 169: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo [d] oxazole -2 -carboxamide ((R)- 169)

[001175] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-169 was prepared from

benzo[d] oxazole -2 -carboxylic acid (53 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 16-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2- carboxamide (compound (i?)-169) (50 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=l .77 min., purity: 97.86%; LCMS (J): tR=1.022 min., 298.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (td, ^=8.0 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, lH), 7.50 (td, Ji=8.0 Hz, J ₂ =1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.15-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.54 (m, 1H), 0.92-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.74 (m, 1H), 0.70-0.65 (m, 1H).

[001176] Example 170: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-lH- indole -2 -carboxami

[001177] Following general procedure B, compound (i?)-170 was prepared from lH-indole-2- carboxylic acid (70 mg, 0.43 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 30-60% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-170) (40 mg, 35% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.56 min., purity: 98.54%; LCMS (J): tR=l . l 1 min., 296.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.48-7.46 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.1 1-7.08 (t, J=7.6Hz, IH), 4.62-4.61 (d, J=2.0Hz, IH), 3.75-3.74 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.51 -3.44 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.00 (m, IH), 1.39-1.37 (m, IH) 1.30-1.16 (m, 3H).

[001178] Example 171: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridi -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-171)

[001179] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-171 was prepared from thieno[2,3- c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (59 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-171) (40 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.41 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (K): tR=0.776 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 314.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.73 (s, IH), 8.70 (s, IH), δ 8.69 (s, IH), 8.58 (d, J=6.4 Hz IH), 4.61 (d, J=2.8 Hz IH), 3.86-3.81 (m, IH), 3.60-3.55 (m, IH), 3.47-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.24- 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.99 (m, IH), 1.43-1.30 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.16 (m, IH).

[001180] Example 172: (i?)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 172)

[001181] Following general procedure B, compound (i?)-172 was prepared from compound B- 215 (91mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-D; Column: Boston Green ODS C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 42-72% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.225% FA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give: (i?)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-172) (50 mg, 38% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.50 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (B): tR=0.712 min., 365.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.12-8.11 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.77 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.18 (m, 3H).

[001182] Example 173: (i?)-5-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 173)

[001183] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-173 was prepared from compound B- 216 (60 mg, 0.27 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.27 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex

SynergiC18 250*21.2mm, particle size: 4 μπι; Mobile phase: 15-45% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-5-fluoro-6-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b] thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-173) (80 mg, 76% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.54 min., purity: 97.70%; LCMS (B): tR=0.649 min., 361.1 m/z (M+l); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.61(m, 2H), 4.57-4.56 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, J=2.8Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.36 (m, 1H) 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001184] Example 174: (i?)-5,6-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2. 2.2]octan] -3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-174)

[001185] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-174 was prepared from compound B- 295 (0.10 g, 0.47 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (71 mg, 0.47 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 40-46% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)]. The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(R)-5 ,6 -difluoro-N-( 1 ' -azaspiro [cyclopropane - 1 ,2' -bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-174) (50 mg, 28% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.17 min., purity: 96.13%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.016 min., 349.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (s, IH), 7.93-7.89 (q, IH), 7.86-7.82 (q, IH), 4.59-

4.57 (m , IH), 3.77-3.73 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.50-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.46 (m, IH), 2.36 (m, IH),

2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.01 (m, IH), 1.40 (m, IH), 1.39-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001186] Example 175: (i?)-6-chloro-5,7-difluoro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 175)

[001187] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-175 was prepared from compound B- 221 (40 mg, 0.16 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (24 mg, 0.16 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-5,7-difluoro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-b icyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thio-phene-2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-175) (50 mg, 74% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.440 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.353 min., 383.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 7.76-7.73 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 4.59 (m, IH), 3.73-3.71 (m, IH), 3.60 (m, IH), 3.54-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.47 (m, IH), 2.38-2.33 (m, IH), 2.23-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, IH), 1.39-1.37 (m, IH), 1.29-1.21 (m, 3H).

[001188] Example 176: (i?)-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-176)

[001189] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-176 was prepared from compound B- 223 (51 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: Waters Xbridge 150x25, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 34-64% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-176) (40 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.526 min., purity: 97.61%; LCMS (B): tR=0.677 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =327.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.40 (t, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.31 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.60 (d, J=3.6 Hz, IH), 3.78-3.74 (m, IH), 3.60-3.50 (m, IH), 3.49-3.45 (m, 2H),2.58 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001190] Example 177: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7-( 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)benzo [b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 177)

[001191] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-177 was prepared from compound B- 226 (68 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 42-72% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ΝΗ ₃ Η ₂ Ο, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-177) (40 mg, 35% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.16 min., purity: 98.49%; LCMS (DD): tR=0.790 min., 395.1 m/z (M+l); T-l-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.99-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.51 -7.48 (m, 2H), 4.58 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (q, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.46- 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001192] Example 178: (i?)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 178)

[001193] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-178 was prepared from compound B- 228 ( 1 10 mg, crude) and compound (i?)-A-lll (75 mg, 0.49 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 19-49% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-(dimethylamino)-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-178) (38 mg, 18% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.86 min., purity: 99.74%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.147 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 356.1 ; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.69-7.65 (m, IH), 4.59 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.79-3.77 (m, IH), 3.58-3.57 (m, IH), 3.49 (s, 6H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.99 (m, IH), 1.42-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.16 (m, IH).

[001194] Example 179: (i?)-7-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [6]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 179)

[001195] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-179 was prepared from compound B- 297 ( 101 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 23-53% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-(methylsulfonyl)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)ben zo[6] thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-179) (95 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=0.83 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.449 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 391.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.24 (d, J=6.4 Hz, IH), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.69-3.68 (m, IH), 3.57-3.56 (m, IH), 3.48-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.44 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 2.32-2.29 (m, IH), 2.21-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.98 (m, IH), 1.34-1.31 (m, IH), 1.25-1.18 (m, 3H).

[001196] Example 180: ( ?)-7-moφholino-N-(Γ-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2 .2]octan]- 3 '-yl)benzo[6]thiophen -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-180)

[001197] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-180 was prepared from compound B- 299 ( 104 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 18-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-morpholino-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2 -carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-180) (30 mg, 18% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.88 min., purity: 99.09%; LCMS (Z): tR=1.424 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 398.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.1 1 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.62 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.41 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.13 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 3.90 (t, J=4.2 Hz, 4H), 3.71-3.69 (m, IH), 3.57 (m, IH), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 4H), 2.43 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 2.32-2.30 (m, IH), 2.21-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.97 (m, IH), 1.36-1.33 (m, IH), 1.26-1.19 (m, 2H).

[001198] Example 181: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7- (thiazol-2 -yl)benzo [b]

[001199] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-181 was prepared from compound B- 230 (69 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-H; Column: Waters Xbridge 150x25 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 32-62% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7-(thiazol-2- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-181) (60 mg, 53% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.965 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.138 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =396.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, IH), 8.08-8.03 (m, 3H), 7.68 (d, J=3.2 Hz, IH), 7.59 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.60 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.77-3.73 (m, IH), 3.59-3.48 (m, IH), 3.46- 3.44 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.47 (m, IH), 2.36-2.35 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.00 (m, IH), 1.38-1.36 (m, IH), 1.30-1.22(m, 3H).

[001200] Example 182: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)isoquinoline-3 -carbo

[001201] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-182 was prepared from isoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid (68 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 10-40% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-182) (75 mg, 55% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.251 min., purity: 99.49%; LCMS (B): tR=0.562 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =308.2; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.71 (s, 1H), 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.89-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.22 (m,2H), 2.09-2.04 (m, lH), 1.46-1.34 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.23 (m, 1H).

[001202] Example 183: (i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzofuran-5-carb

[001203] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-183 was prepared from compound B- 301 (66 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C 18 150 30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 20-50% acetonitrile in H20 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2-cyclopropyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzofuran-5- carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-183) (50 mg, 45% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.40 min., purity: 97.21%; LCMS (BB): tR=0.944 min., 337.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.99 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.69 (dd, ^=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.45 (d, Ji=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 4.59-4.58 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.49- 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.32 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.12 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.22 (m, 3H), 1.07-1.05 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.98 (m, 2H).

[001204] Example 184: (i?)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophe -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-184)

[001205] Following general procedure B, compound (i?)-184 was prepared from compound B- 233 (80 mg, 0.34 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (52 mg, 0.34 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 32-62% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 Ν hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-(tert-butyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-184) (70 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.25 min., purity: 98.87%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.648 min, 369.2 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, IH), 7.81 (d, Ji=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.50-7.48 (m, IH), 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H),4.61 (s, IH), 3.77-3.73 (m, IH), 3.62-3.60 (m, IH), 3.52-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.17 (m, 4H), 2.06-2.01 (m, IH), 1.58 (s, 9H), 1.42-1.36 (m, IH), 1.30-1.22 (m, 3H).

[001206] Example 185: (i?)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide ((i?)- 185)

[001207] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-185 was prepared from compound B- 303 (78 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 250 50mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 32-62% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-N-( Γ -azaspiro [cyclopropane - 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo [b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (compound (i?)-185) (20 mg, 17% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.63 min., purity: 95.08%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.611 min., 371.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1Η),7.44-7.38 (m, 2H), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.28-3.26 (m, IH), 3.13-3.06 (m, IH), 2.94-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, IH), 2.03-1.97 (m, IH), 1.89-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.71 (s, 6H), 1.58 (m, IH), 0.93-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.80-0.67 (m, 2H).

[001208] Example 186: (i?)-7-phenyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophen -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-186)

[001209] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-186 was prepared from compound B- 235 (99 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-phenyl-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b] thiophene- 2-carboxamide hydrochloride (compound (i?)-186) (70 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.19 min., purity: 98.88%; LCMS (Y): tR=0.752 min., 389.1 m/z (M+l); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.24 (s, IH), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.59-7.45 (m, 5H), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.78-3.71 (m, IH), 3.49-3.48 (m, IH), 3.46-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.30-2.12 (m, 3H), 2.04-2.00 (m, IH), 1.43-1.37 (m, IH), 1.32-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.25 (m, IH).

[001210] Example 187: (i?)-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)-7-( l- (trifluoromethyl)cyclop ((i?)-187)

[001211] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-187 was prepared from compound B- 307 (94 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 46-76% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ΝΗ ₃ Η ₂ Ο, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-7-( l- (trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl) benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide-hydrochloride (compound (i?)-187) (64 mg, 46% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.08 min., purity: 98.79%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.597 min., 421.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.71 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 0.1H), 8.19 (s, IH), 7.95(d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.49(t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.76-3.72 (m, IH), 3.59-3.58 (m, IH), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.34-2.33 (m, IH), 2.25- 2.17 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.99 (m, IH), 1.56-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.35 (m, IH), 1.28-1.18 (m, 5H).

[001212] Example 188: (i?)-7-( l-methylcyclopropyl)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride ((i?)- 188)

[001213] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-188 was prepared from B-237 (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 2 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB C 18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCI, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-( l -methylcyclopropyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[ 2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b] thiophene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-188) (29 mg, 24% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.30 min., purity: 95.77%; LCMS (GG): tR=3.152 min., 367.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 8.17 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J=6.8 Hz, IH), 7.45-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, IH), 3.78-3.71 (m, IH), 3.60-3.52 (m, IH), 3.50-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.48- 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.01 (m, IH), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.38-1.21 (m, 4H), 0.96-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.85 (m, 2H).

[001214] Example 189: (i?)-6-ethoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-189)

[001215] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-189 was prepared from compound B- 240 (88 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 34-64% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)]. The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[6]thiophene- 2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-189) (64 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.68 min., purity: 99.24%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.864 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 357.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.01 (d, J=4.0 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.41 (d, J=1.6 Hz, IH), 7.02 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, IH), 4.53 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 4.10 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.69-3.67 (m, IH), 3.55 (m, IH), 3.49-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.41 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 2.32-2.29 (m, IH), 2.20-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, IH), 1.41 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.34-1.31 (m, IH), 1.24-1.18 (m, 3H).

[001216] Example 190: (i?)-7-ethoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophen -2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-190)

[001217] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-190 was prepared from compound B- 243 (73 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: YMC-Actus Pro C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-ethoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene- 2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-190) (22 mg, 19% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.81 min., purity: 99.20%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.914 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =357.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 8.13 (s, IH), 7.49 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 7.39-7.34 (m, IH), 6.95 (d, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.25 (dd, ^=14 Hz, J ₂ =7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.76-3.71 (m, IH), 3.57-3.55 (m, IH), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.43 (m, IH), 2.37-2.33 (m, IH), 2.22-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.98 (m, IH), 1.50-1.46 (m, 3H), 1.39-1.38 (m, IH), 1.31-1.53 (m, 3H).

[001218] Example 191: (i?)-7-isopropoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]- 3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2

[001219] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-191 was prepared from compound B- 246 (63 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 150x30mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 23-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-isopropoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2 .2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-191) (32 mg, 30% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.480 min., purity: 96.59%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.502 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =371.1; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, IH), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.38 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 6.99 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.86-4.80 (m, IH), 4.57 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 3.74-3.71 (m, IH), 3.59-3.57 (m, IH), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, IH), 2.36-2.34 (m, IH), 2.24-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.03- 1.98 (m, IH), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.38-1.36 (m, IH), 1.37-1.16 (m, 3H).

[001220] Example 192: (i?)-6-chloro-7-methoxy-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 192)

[001221] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-192 was prepared from compound B- 248 (64 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (40 mg, 0.26 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Phenomenex Synergi C18 C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 23-48% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCl;, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-192) (25 mg, 23% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.490 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.447 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ =377.0; ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001222] Example 193: (i?)-7-methoxy-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 193)

[001223] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-193 was prepared from compound B- 251 (73 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 33-63% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ΝΗ ₃ Η ₂ Ο, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-methoxy-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicy clo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-193) (58 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.48 min., purity: 94.50%; LCMS (EE): tR=2.842 min., 357.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 5 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.44- 2.43 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001224] Example 194: (i?)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-lH- indazole -3 -carboxamid

[001225] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-194 was prepared from lH-indazole-3- carboxylic acid (59 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.36 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-F; Column: YMC-Actus Pro-C18 150 30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 12-37% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide- hydrochloride (compound (i?)-194) (40 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.27 min., purity: 98.71%; LCMS (FF): tR=1.984 min, 297.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.46 (t, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, IH), 4.65 (s, IH), 3.75-3.72 (m, IH), 3.62-3.45 (m, 3H), 2.49-2.38 (m, IH), 2.29-2.21 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.98 (m, IH), 1.41-1.37 (m, IH), 1.31-1.21 (m, 3H).

[001226] Example 195: (i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)- lH-indole-6-carboxami -195)

[001227] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-195 was prepared from 1 -methyl- 1H- indole-6-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (69 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-C; Column:

Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)]to give:

(i?)-l-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)-lH-indole-6- carboxamide(compound (i?)-195) (60 mg, 32% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.99 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.071 min, 310.0 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.95 (s, IH), 7.63-7.61 (m, IH), 7.55 (dd, ^=8.0 Hz, J^l .2 Hz, IH), 7.35 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 6.51 (d, J=2.8 Hz, IH), 4.27 (s, IH), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.25 (m, IH), 3.10-2.87 (m, 3H), 2.14-2.12 (m, IH), 2.03-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.59-1.53 (m, IH), 0.92-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.70 (m, 2H).

[001228] Example 196: (i?)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2' - bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -196)

[001229] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-196 was prepared from compound B- 255 (76 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 44-74% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-196) (59 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.79 min., purity: 98.99%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.210 min., 367.2 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, IH), 7.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.56 (d, J=2.0 Hz, IH), 3.73-3.72 (m, IH), 3.58-3.56 (m, IH), 3.49-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.43 (m, IH), 2.34-2.33 (m, IH), 2.23-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.37 (m, IH), 1.29- 1.12 (m, 5H), 0.81-0.77 (m, 2H).

[001230] Example 197: (i?)-6-fluoro-7-methoxy-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-197)

[001231] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-197 was prepared from compound B- 258 (74 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Phenomenex Synergi C18 250x21.2 mm, particle size: 4 μιη; Mobile phase: 25-55% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-6-fluoro-7-methoxy-N-( 1 '-azaspiro[cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan] -3 '- yl)benzo[b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-197) (55 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.27 min., purity: 100%; LCMS (GG): tR=1.936 min., 361.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): 5 8.1 1 (s, IH), 7.60 (dd, Ji=8.4 Hz, J ₂ =4.0 Hz, IH), 7.27 (dd, Ji=12 Hz, J ₂ =8.4 Hz, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.12 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 3H), 3.71 (m, IH), 3.57 (m, IH), 3.49-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.95 (m, IH), 1.40-1.34 (m, IH), 1.27-1.17(m, 3H).

[001232] Example 198: (i?)-7-cyano-6-methyl-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -198)

[001233] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-198 was prepared from compound B- 260 (64 mg, 0.30 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (45 mg, 0.30 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 250x50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 34-64% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-7-cyano-6-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicycl o[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[6]thiophene-2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-198) (51 mg, 49% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.56 min., purity: 97.32%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.059 min., 352.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (s, IH), 8.08 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 3.76-3.72 (m, IH), 3.59-3.57 (m, IH), 3.51-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.38-2.32 (m, IH), 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.96 (m, IH), 1.40-1.36 (m, IH), 1.31- 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.19 (m, IH).

[001234] Example 199: (i?)-7-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)- 199)

[001235] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-199 was prepared from compound B- 264 (0.1 1 g, 0.51 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (70 mg, 0.46 mmol), with a reaction time of 1 hour. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-E; Column: Agella Venusil ASB CI 8 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 27-57% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.5% HCl, v/v)] to give:

(i?)-7-(methoxymethyl)-N-( l'-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b] thiophene-2-carboxamide-hydrochloride (compound (i?)-199) (98 mg, 60% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.88 min., purity: 99%; LCMS (Y): tR=2.265 min., 357.2 m/z (M+1); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.59 (d, J=8.4 Hz, IH), 8.17 (s, IH), 7.92-7.89 (m, IH), 7.48-7.45 (m, 2H), 4.77 (s, 2H), 4.60-4.59 (m, IH), 3.77-3.72 (m, IH), 3.61-3.60 (m, IH), 3.51-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 2.47-2.39 (m, IH), 2.36-2.33 (m, IH), 2.26-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.19-1.98 (m, IH), 1.37-1.22 (m, 4H).

[001236] Example 200: (i?)-6-(methoxymethyl)-N-( l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octan] -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-200)

[001237] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-200 was prepared from compound B- 311 (96 mg, 0.43 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C 18 250x50mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 31-61% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissovled in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and lyophilized again to give:

(i?)-6-(methoxymethyl)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyc lo[2.2.2]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-hydrochloride (compound (i?)-200) (75 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.64 min., purity: 98.75%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.253 min., 357.1 m/z (M+1); ¾-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.18 (s, IH), 7.93-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=9.2 Hz, IH), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.76-3.74 (m, IH), 3.59-3.57 (m, IH), 3.52-3.43 (m, 5H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.37-2.34 (m, IH), 2.24-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.97 (m, IH), 1.42-1.39 (m, IH), 1.34-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.18 (m, IH).

[001238] Example 201: (i?)-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3 '-yl)-3,4- dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2

[001239] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-201 was prepared from compound B- 268 (92 mg, 0.39 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (60 mg, 0.39 mmol), with a reaction time of 16 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 36-66% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-2]chromene-8-carboxamide - hydrochloride (compound (i?)-201) (40 mg, 28% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=3.18 min., purity: 94.85%; LCMS (GG): tR=1.978 min., (ES ⁺ ) m/z (M+H) ⁺ = 369.1; Ti-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.06 (s, IH), 7.41-7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.17-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 4.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, IH), 4.38-4.36 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.70 (m, IH), 3.60-3.59 (m, IH), 3.52-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.91 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.46-2.45 (m, IH), 2.38-2.35 (m, IH), 2.24- 2.19 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.97 (m, IH), 1.41-1.35 (m, IH), 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

[001240] Example 202: (i?)-2-methyl-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophe

[001241] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-202 was prepared from compound B- 275 (63.13 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 3 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Welch Ultimate AQ- C18 150x30 mm, particle size: 5 μιη; Mobile phase: 22-52% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2 -methyl -N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-yl) benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-202) (50 mg, 22% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.42 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (GG): tR=1.970 min., 327.1 m/z (M+l); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.32 (s, IH), 7.78 (t, J=10 Hz, IH), 7.15 (s, IH), 4.60 (s, IH), 3.74-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.47 (m, IH), 2.36-2.16 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.00 (m, IH), 1.40- 1.21 (m, 4H).

[001242] Example 203: (i?)-2-chloro-N-(l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2 ]octan]-3'- yl)benzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-203)

i

[001243] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-203 was prepared from compound B- 278 (70 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 4.5 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-A; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 38-68% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.05% NH ₃ H ₂ 0, v/v)] . The resulting solids were dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-2-chloro-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan]-3'-yl)benzo[b]thiophene- 6-carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-203) (45 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.47 min., purity: 99.28%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.342 min., 347.0 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.60-8.58 (d, J=8.0Hz, 0.4H), 8.32 (s, IH), 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.41 (s, IH), 4.58 (s, IH), 3.71-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, IH), 2.31-2.16 (m, 3H), 1.99-1.97 (m, IH), 1.37-1.35 (m, IH), 1.26-1.22 (m, 3H).

[001244] Example 204: (i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-8,9- dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3

[001245] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-204 was prepared from compound B- 272 (77 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Xtimate C18 150*25 mm, particle size: 5 μπι; Mobile phase: 17-47% acetonitrile in H ₂ 0 (add 0.1% TFA, v/v)]. The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-N-(r-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3' -yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-thieno[2,3- f]chromene-2-carboxamide-hydrochloride (compound (i?)-204) (30 mg, 23% yield) as a yellow solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.902 min., purity: 99.03%; LCMS (FF): tR=2.372 min., 369.1 m/z (M+1); TT-NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.09 (s, IH), 7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 6.94-6.92 (d, J=8.8 Ηζ, ΙΗ), 4.58 (s, 1H), 4.29-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.41 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.14 (m, 4H), 2.04-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.28- 1.20 (m, 3H).

[001246] Example 205: (i?)-6-chloro-7-methyl-N-(l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo [2.2.2] octa -3 '-yl)benzo [b]thiophene -2 -carboxamide hydrochloride ((i?)-205)

[001247] Following general procedure B, Compound (i?)-205 was prepared from compound B- 281 (82 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound (i?)-A-lll (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), with a reaction time of 12 hours. The product was purified by prep-HPLC [Instrument: GX-B; Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250*50 mm, particle size: 10 μιη; Mobile phase: 41-71% acetonitrile in H20 (add 0.05% ammonia, v/v)] . The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution and again lyophilized to give:

(i?)-6-chloro-7 -methyl -N-( 1 '-azaspiro [cyclopropane- 1 ,2'-bicyclo [2.2.2]octan] -3 ' yl)benzo [b]thiop hene -2 -carboxamide -hydrochloride (compound (i?)-205) (30 mg, 25% yield) as a white solid: cSFC analytical (A) tR=2.539 min., purity: 100.00%; LCMS (GG): tR=2.235 min., 361.1 m/z (M+l); ¾- NMR (CD ₃ OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, lH), 7.49-7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, lH), 4.60-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.46 (m, 3H), 2.62 (m, 3H), 2.47-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 3H).

[001248] Example 206: Following general procedure B, the following compounds listed in Table 2 were made in analogous fashion to the proceeding examples:

Table 2:

[001249] Crystallization experiments

[001250] Example 207: (i?)-2,2-dimethyl-N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)quinuclidin-3- monofumarate (

[001251] A solution of 2,2-dimethyl-N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)quinuclidin-3-amine (41 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.6/98.4 mixture of diastereoisomers) in ethyl acetate was filtered through a 20 micron PTFE filter, concentrated and taken up in diethyl ether (4 mL). Next, a 0.8 M solution of fumaric acid in diethyl ether/methanol (9: 1, v/v, 0.16 mmol, 2.0 mL) was added. An oily precipitate formed that turned into small needles. The mixture was concentrated and taken up in methanol (1 mL). Ethyl acetate ( 10 mL) was added, and the mixture was left to stand over weekend, during which time crystals formed. The solvent was decanted, and the crystals were washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 2 mL) and dried in vacuo to afford (i?J?)-A-107 monofumarate (57 mg, 96% yield) as colorless crystals. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- ₆ ) δ 7.41 - 7.26 (m, 4H), 7.26 - 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 3.69 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.38 - 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.99 - 2.84 (m, 2H), 2.38 - 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.80 - 1.37 (m, 7H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.23 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H).

[001252] Single-crystal diffraction was performed on a Nonius KappaCCD single-crystal diffractometer using graphite monochromated Mo Ka radiation. During the measurement the crystal was cooled to -65 °C. Diffraction images were integrated using Eval l4. Intensity data were corrected for Lorentz and polarization effects. A semi empirical multi scan absorption correction was applied (SADABS).

[001253] The structure was solved by SHELXT. This structure solution shows that the relative configuration of the bulk crystal is either (R,R) or (S,S) [and not (R,S) or (S,R)] . Refinement was performed with standard methods (refinement against F2 of all reflections with SHELXL97) with anisotropic displacement parameters for the non -hydrogen atoms. All hydrogen atoms were placed at calculated positions and refined riding on the parent atoms. The right enantiomer (the (R,R) versus the (S,S) form) was determined by careful examination of the Bijvoet pairs. This analysis showed that the vast majority of the crystal consists of the (R,R) form. Coordinate data from the X-ray analysis of the formed crystal of (i?J?)-A-107 monofumarate are shown in Table 3, and its 3-D representation is shown in Figure 1.

Table 3:

X-ray Data:

Unit cell: 1 1.4272 12.7814 13.9040 90.000 90.000 90.000

Space group: P 21 21 21 CI 0.382346 0.773501 0.978441

HI 0.441086 0.824985 0.978134

C2 0.389035 0.691661 1.042997

H2 0.452287 0.687855 1.086078

C3 0.303362 0.615194 1.044778

H3 0.308259 0.559469 1.088714

C4 0.210766 0.621504 0.981519

H4 0.151757 0.570279 0.982616

C5 0.204588 0.703345 0.916269

H5 0.141569 0.706448 0.87291

C6 0.289626 0.780722 0.913757

C7 0.277321 0.871931 0.844143

H7 0.227622 0.848412 0.789977

C8 0.215153 0.963119 0.893086

H8A 0.260032 0.985387 0.948651

H8B 0.137825 0.941095 0.913533

H8C 0.208065 1.020869 0.848199

N9 0.387075 0.91195 0.803634

H09A 0.428529 0.94322 0.851058

CIO 0.46518 0.834545 0.761719

H10 0.464917 0.772012 0.803735

Cl l 0.590972 0.877189 0.757592

Hl l 0.610167 0.912196 0.819117

C12 0.605827 0.954095 0.67511

H12A 0.68214 0.988741 0.679567

H12B 0.544643 1.007742 0.677811

C13 0.596961 0.892436 0.580212

H13A 0.549106 0.93112 0.533774

H13B 0.67505 0.882408 0.552571

N14 0.541888 0.788327 0.60147

H14A 0.525082 0.757863 0.544574

C15 0.630396 0.723592 0.653638

H15A 0.696563 0.708187 0.611093

H15B 0.595231 0.657155 0.673706

C16 0.673161 0.784434 0.742291

H16A 0.672575 0.738984 0.799054

H16B 0.753323 0.809268 0.731982

C17 0.349716 0.877165 0.605596

H17A 0.271052 0.873601 0.631606

H17B 0.347983 0.859876 0.537681

H17C 0.38031 0.947384 0.613851

C18 0.42793 0.799636 0.658441

C19 0.367159 0.69317 0.659148

H19A 0.416303 0.642605 0.691936

H19B 0.353753 0.67037 0.593525

H19C 0.292837 0.698941 0.692432 O20 0.534838 0.55045 0.500354

021 0.494626 0.700972 0.428969

C22 0.508916 0.601753 0.429062

C23 0.488106 0.548365 0.334472

H23 0.44921 0.585217 0.28547

C24 0.522344 0.451892 0.317715

H24 0.565229 0.41667 0.365464

C25 0.49606 0.396184 0.226392

026 0.544441 0.303217 0.223974

H26 0.472243 0.766134 0.334473

027 0.437705 0.431251 0.163092

[001254] A large collection of crystals from the same batch was also analyzed with powder diffraction, in order to check the match between the crystal structure, obtained by single -crystal diffraction, with the characteristics of the whole batch of crystals. Powder diffraction was performed on a Bruker D8 Advance with a Vantec-1 detector with an effective angle of about 3 degrees with a step size of 0.0166 degrees. The pattern was measured in reflection mode in a Bragg-Brentano geometry using a Johansson monochromator with a focusing curved Ge 1 1 1 crystal. The diffraction pattern was measured at room temperature (20 °C) using monochromatic Cu Kalphal radiation in the range of 5-50 degrees 2theta with variable slits, resulting in a 12mm constant footprint.

[001255] Combining SXRD and PXRD:

[001256] Using the data from single crystal diffraction a powder diffraction pattern was simulated with Cu Kalphal radiation in the range of 5-50 degrees 2theta with a step size of 0.02 degrees using Mercury software. Using the Bruker TOPAS software, for the calculated powder diffraction pattern the lattice cell parameters are adjusted to compensate for the temperature difference of Powder diffraction (20°C) and the single crystal diffraction (-65 °C). Comparing the corrected calculated powder pattern with the measured powder pattern, we find an excellent fit leaving no measured diffraction peaks unassigned. Measuring extra diffraction peaks not corresponding to the corrected calculated powder pattern could indicate the presence of another chemical species/diastereomer [the (R,S) or (S,R) form] . If a significant/substantial amount of another diastereomer and/or species would be present, in a separate crystalline phase, this would most probably create new diffraction peaks, which we don't see. Therefore, there is no indication that a form different from the (R,R) form is present in the crystalline batch.

[001257] Example 208: (i?)-N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)-l '-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-amine bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate) ((i?J?)-A-113 bis(4- methylbenzenesulfonate))

(R'R) ^" A ^" 113 biS(4 ^" methylbenzenesu|f onatej

[001258] To a solution of N-((i?)-l-phenylethyl)-l'-azaspiro[cyclopropane-l,2'- bicyclo[2.2.2]octan]-3'-amine (100 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.6/98.4 mixture of diastereoisomers) in ethyl acetate was added dropwise a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (148 mg, 0.78 mmol). The resulting suspension was heated to reflux, and methanol was added until the precipitate had almost completely dissolved. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and left to stand over weekend. The solvent was decanted, and the crystals were washed with ethyl acetate (5 mL) and dried in vacuo to afford compound (i?,i?)-A-113 bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate) ( 180 mg, 77% yield) as colorless crystals. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.46 (br s, 1H), 9.14 (br s, 1H), 8.83 (br s, 1H), 7.64 - 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.53 - 7.37 (m, 7H), 7.19 - 7.10 (m, 4H), 4.60 - 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.91 - 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.61 - 3.21 (m, 4H), 2.72 - 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 2.08 - 1.80 (m, 4H), 1.53 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.47 - 1.02 (m, 4H). Single crystal X-ray analysis of (R,R)- A-l 13 bis(4 - methylbenzenesulfonate) was performed by the same technique as in Example 108. This analysis showed the absolute configuration to be (R,R) form. Coordinate data from the X-ray analysis of the formed crystal are shown in Table 4, and its 3-D representation is shown in Figure 2.

Table 4:

X-ray Data:

Unit cell: 6.3474 7.2244 16.0360 86.00 81.74 83.81

Space group: PI

C08 0.534685 0.345601 0.606488

H08A 0.461284 0.334961 0.664456

H08B 0.473046 0.459735 0.578721

C09 0.773988 0.356413 0.60767

H09 0.794689 0.463512 0.639888

CIO 0.875901 0.1761 0.647124

H10 1.031592 0.185032 0.643218

Nil 0.788382 0.142702 0.738391

H11A 0.65707 0.09706 0.743984

HUB 0.865823 0.052082 0.759138

C12 0.77872 0.308263 0.793704

H12 0.675254 0.408674 0.774181

C13 0.996841 0.381607 0.784542

H13A 0.998788 0.466616 0.828587

H13B 1.024981 0.446913 0.729781

H13C 1.106018 0.278118 0.789409

C14 0.696056 0.245364 0.883823

C15 0.478603 0.272261 0.911931

H15 0.383874 0.324746 0.874724

C16 0.832113 0.168243 0.939809

H16 0.979931 0.149786 0.921508

C17 0.754286 0.118007 1.022058

H17 0.848507 0.064564 1.059281

C18 0.400266 0.222081 0.994679

H18 0.252585 0.23986 1.013349

C19 0.53849 0.14626 1.049525

H19 0.485334 0.113759 1.105808

S40 0.498256 0.69953 0.398074

041 0.363831 0.556807 0.432234

042 0.5702 0.794389 0.463747

043 0.670496 0.637166 0.336137

C44 0.335563 0.873233 0.346304

C45 0.148375 0.832254 0.320669

H45 0.102025 0.71279 0.332608

C46 0.3997 1.050889 0.329127

H46 0.527559 1.07927 0.346229

C47 0.028371 0.968926 0.276979

H47 -0.097946 0.939998 0.25878

C48 0.277841 1.186772 0.287149

H48 0.321841 1.307413 0.277075

C49 0.091987 1.146817 0.259878

C50 -0.041675 1.298321 0.215853

H50A -0.091455 1.397477 0.253841

H50B -0.163659 1.246965 0.199416

H50C 0.044225 1.347845 0.166019

S55 0.29597 0.82788 0.785536 056 0.062941 0.851015 0.792039

057 0.393757 0.673164 0.736701

058 0.385583 1.00313 0.756908

C60 0.3539 0.773904 0.889816

C61 0.191446 0.767955 0.956468

H61 0.048387 0.79671 0.947195

C62 0.56471 0.732661 0.903811

H62 0.676677 0.737724 0.858718

C63 0.238985 0.719703 1.03692

H63 0.127138 0.715798 1.082109

C64 0.608063 0.684134 0.984687

H64 0.751042 0.655036 0.99401

C65 0.447722 0.677031 1.052338

C66 0.50188 0.626002 1.140419

H66A 0.607394 0.704208 1.152632

H66B 0.559396 0.496191 1.144137

H66C 0.373575 0.644888 1.180964

[001259] Example 209:

[001260] Human a7 nAChR Binding Assay

[001261] The ability of compounds to displace binding of radioactive ligands from human al nAChR was determined, as a measure of the affinity of the compounds for these ligand-gated ion channels. The ] ⁵ T]~ Bungarotoxm competition binding assay was performed under contract by Cerep Poitiers, France following published the methods (Sharpies et al., J Neurosci. 2000;

20(8):2783- i), "SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing human ot7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, grown to confluency in 175 cm ² flasks, were washed briefly with warm PBS containing (in mm): (150 NaCl, 8 K ₂ HP0 ₄ , 2 KH ₂ P0 ₄ , pH 7.4, 37°C) and scraped into cold phosphate buffer. Cells were washed by centrifugation for 3 min at 500 ^χ g and resuspended in 10 mL of ice-cold phosphate buffer. The suspension was homogenized for 10 sec using an Ultraturax and centrifuged for 30 min at 45,000 xg. The pellet was resuspended in phosphate buffer (0.5 mL per original flask). SH-SY5Y membranes (30 μg protein) were incubated in a total volume of 2 mL in 50 mM phosphate buffer with 0.05 nM [ ¹²⁵ I]-aBgt and serial dilutions of test compound. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of a-bungarotoxin (1 μΜ). Samples were incubated for 120 min at 37°C. The reaction was terminated by filtration through Whatman GFA/E filter paper (presoaked overnight in 0.3% polyethyleneimine in PBS), using a Brandel Cell Harvester. Each condition was measured in duplicate. Filters were counted for radioactivity using a scintillation counter. The results were expressed as a percent inhibition of control specific binding obtained in the presence of the test compounds where Inhibition (%) = 100 - [(measured specific binding/control specific binding) x 100]. [001262] The IC ₅₀ values (concentration causing a half-maximal inhibition of control specific binding) and Hill coefficients (nH) were determined by non-linear regression analysis of the competition curves generated with mean replicate values using Hill equation:

A-D

Y=D+[ ]

1 +(C/C ₅₀ ) ^riH

where Y = specific binding, A = left asymptote of the curve, D = right asymptote of the curve, C = compound concentration, C ₅₀ = IC ₅₀ , and nH = slope factor.

[001263] This analysis was performed using software developed at Cerep (Hill software) and validated by comparison with data generated by the commercial software SigmaPlot® 4.0 for Windows® (© 1997 by SPSS Inc.). The inhibition constants (¾ ) were calculated using the Cheng Prusoff equation:

^' ~ (1 +L Ko)

where L = concentration of radioligand in the assay, and KD = affinity of the radioligand for the receptor.

[001264] A scatchard plot is used to determine the K _d . Results are provided in Table 5 (reported as h-a7 Ki (μΜ)).

[001265] [ ³ H]BRL 43694 competition binding (h-5HT ₃ Ki (μΜ))

[001266] [ H]BRL 43694competition binding assay was performed under contract by Cerep Poitiers, France following the methods described in Hope, A.G et al., "Characterization of a human 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor type A (h5-HT3R-AS) subunit stably expressed in HEK 293 cells " Brit. J. Pharmacol., (1996) 118: 1237-1245.

[001267] In brief, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing human 5-HT ₃ serotonin receptors, grown to confluence in 175 cm ² flasks. Following aspiration of the culture medium, cells were harvested by mechanical agitation in ice cold PBS containing (in mM): (150 NaCl, 8 K ₂ HP0 ₄ , 2 KH ₂ P0 ₄ , pH 7.4, 37°C), centrifuged at 4,000 g for 10 min and subsequently stored as a cell pellet at - 80 C. When required, the pellet was thawed and resuspended in ice cold homogenization buffer (Tris 50 mM, EGTA 5.0 mM, phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride 0.1 mM, pH 7.6) and homogenized. The homogenate was centrifuged at 48,000 g for 10 minutes at 40°C. The resulting pellet was resuspended in ice cold binding buffer comprising (in mM): NaCl 140, KC1 2.8, CaCl ₂ 1.0; MgCl ₂ , 2.0; HEPES 10 (pH 7.4) and centrifuged as above. The pellet was resuspended in ice cold binding buffer and the protein concentration was determined by the method of Lowry et al., "Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent " J. Biol. Chem., (1953) 193, 265-275). The membrane homogenate was adjusted to a protein concentration of approximately 600 mg/mL in binding buffer. Assay tubes were loaded with equal volumes of binding buffer containing [ H]BRL 43694 and test compound and 0.5 mL of membrane homogenate in a total reaction volume of 1 ml. Binding was initiated by the addition of the membrane homogenate and allowed to proceed for 120 min. at room temperature. Bound and free radioligand were separated by the addition of 3 ml of ice-cold binding buffer and immediate vacuum filtration through pre-soaked (0.1% (v/v) polyethyleneimine) Whatman GF/B filters. Filters were washed with a further 2 x 3 mL applications of binding buffer and counted for radioactivity using a scintillation counter.

[001268] The results were expressed as a percent inhibition of control specific binding obtained in the presence of the test compounds where Inhibition (%) = 100 - [(measured specific binding/control specific binding) x 100].

[001269] The IC ₅₀ values (concentration causing a half-maximal inhibition of control specific binding) and Hill coefficients (nH) were determined by non-linear regression analysis of the competition curves generated with mean replicate values using Hill equation

where Y = specific binding, A = left asymptote of the curve, D = right asymptote of the curve, C = compound concentration, C ₅₀ = IC ₅₀ , and nH = slope factor. This analysis was performed using software developed at Cerep (Hill software) and validated by comparison with data generated by the commercial software SigmaPlot® 4.0 for Windows® (© 1997 by SPSS Inc.).

[001270] The inhibition constants (¾ ) were calculated using the Cheng Prusoff equation i ^_ (1+L/K _D )

where L = concentration of radioligand in the assay, and KD = affinity of the radioligand for the receptor.

[001271] A scatchard plot is used to determine the K _d . Results are provided in Table 5 (reported as h-5HT ₃ Ki (uM)).

[001272] Oocyte Electrophysiology Screen (% ACh @ 10μΜ Oocyte)

[001273] The Oocyte Electrophysiology Screen studies were performed under contract by HiQScreen Geneva, Switzerland. All experiments were carried out at human ot7 nAChRs transiently expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the method of cDNA expression. Currents evoked by acetylcholine or other agonist ligands were recorded using the standard two-electrode voltage-clamp configuration (TEVC). X. laevis oocytes were prepared and injected using standard procedures. Briefly, ovaries were harvested from . laevis females that were deeply anesthetized and pithed following the animal rights rule from the Geneva canton. A small piece of ovary was isolated for immediate preparation while the remaining part was placed at 4°C in a sterile Barth solution containing in mM: NaCl 88, KC1 1, NaHC0 ₃ 2.4, HEPES 10, MgS0 ₄ .7H20 0.82, Ca(N0 ₃ ) ₂ .4H ₂ 0 0.33, CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ 0 0.41, at pH 7.4, and supplemented with 20 μg/mL of kanamycin, 100 unit/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. On the second day following dissociation, oocytes were injected with 2 ng of cDNA per oocyte containing the gene encoding human ot7 nicotinic

acetylcholine receptor subunits using an automated injector (Hogg et al, 2008). All recordings were performed at 18°C and cells were superfused with OR2 medium containing in mM: NaCl 82.5, KC1 2.5, HEPES 5, CaCl ₂ .2H ₂ 0 2.5, pH 7.4. Cells were held at -80 mV. Data were filtered at 10 Hz, captured at 100 Hz and analyzed using proprietary data acquisition and analysis software running under Matlab (Mathworks Inc.).

[001274] Experimental protocol and analysis

[001275] After establishing a baseline transmembrane current, acetylcholine (ACh) was applied for 5 seconds at a concentration of 0.2 mM to establish a control ACh-evoked current response.

Following a wash period of 90 s in OR2 medium (free of ACh), cells were then exposed for 30 s to the test compound applied at 0.01 mM. The same reference ACh test pulse was immediately given at the end of the compound exposure and again after 90 s of recovery in OR2 Medium (free of ACh or test compound). All data were determined in triplicate. The response evoked by the test compound was expressed as a percentage of that evoked by ACh:

Response (%ACh) = 100 x (I _test / I _ACh )

where I, _es , is the peak inward current measured during exposure to 0.01 mM of test compound and c _h is the peak inward current measured in the presence of ACh.

[001276] Results are provided in Table 5 (reported as % ACh @ 10μΜ Oocyte).

Table 5:

(S)-10 >30 1

(R)-n 0.41 1.7 552

(syn 11 9

(R)-12 0.495 >10 765

(S)-12 10 3

(R)-13 3 2.1 132

(S)-13 >30 3

(R)-U 25 >10 3

(s u >30 3

(R)-15 0.38 >10 539

(S)-15 14 3

(R)-16 3.5 2.5 74

(S)-16 >30 2

(R)-n >30 >10 0

(syn >30 1

(R)-IS 0.355 >10 422

(S)-18 16 1

(R)-19 1.2 1.6 149

(syi9 >30 3

(R)-20 0.33 >10 558

(S)-20 14 5

6.7 73

09-21 >30 1

(i?)-22 0.39 6.5 456

(S)-22 10 25

(R)-23 9.6 >10 82

(S)-23 >30 0

(R)-24 1.1 0.82 240

(i?)-25 9.8 7

(R)-26 1.1 687

(R)-27 >30 0

(S)-27 >30 0

(R)-28 5 >10 321

(S)-28 >30 1

(R)-29 3 448

(S)-29 >30 2

(R)-30 0.94 2.3 396

W-31 3.1 294

(R)-32 11 61

(R)-33 >30 6

(i?)-34 4.6 159

W-35 7.5 6

(R)-36 >30 >10 1

(R)-37 >30 5

(R)-38 1.3 339

(R)-39 0.59 697

(R)-40 1.1 517

(R)-4l 0.64 384

(R)-42 >30 0 (R)-43 0.48 1.5 951

(R)-44 >30 1

(R)-45 >30 1

(R)-46 0.46 >10 301

(R)-47 14 1

(R)-48 >30 >10 0

(R)-49 0.55 576

(R)-50 >30 0

(R)-5 l 1.7 >10 326

(R)-52 0.18 0.64 844

(R)-53 0.38 5.9 576

54a 20 0.44 4.5

54b 0.061 0.39 1319

55a 3

55b 1.9 >10 176

56a 0.037 0.048 1231

56b 0

57a 0.075 0.11 386

57b 11 4

58a 0.11 0.91 235

58b 5

59a 0.25 6.5 823

(R)-59 0.4 6.8 374

59b 27

60a 0.098 1.01 501

60b 21 1

61a 0.22 1.5 1493

61b 1

62a 6.6 35

62b 0.1 3.5 995

63a 3

63b 3

64a 0.2 0.42 511

64b 1

65a 0.18 >10 682

65b 20 1

66a 3.1 2

66b 3.3 0.88 29

67a >30 1

67b 14 >10 1

68a 0.18 >10 769

68b 4.6 5

69a 2.6 1.3 162

69b >30 1

70a 16 3.2 2

70b >30 1

71a 0.21 >10 739

71b >30 2

72a 0.89 1.5 188 72b 16 1

73a 0.12 >10 1036

73b 21 1

74a 8.2 1.3 32

74b 20 4

(R)-75 0.25 3.3 594

09-75 11 14

(R)-76 >10 129

(S)-76 >30 1

(R)-77 0.76 0.66 547

(R)-78 6.3 2.1 31

(R)-79 0.24 0.75 758

(R)-80 >30 0

(S)-80 >30 2

(Λ)-81 1.5 449

(S)-81 >30 1

(R)-82 1.1 239

(S)-82 >30 2

(R)-83 0.32 2.4 558

(R)-84 1.3 4.7 341

(R)-85 4.3 >10 188

(R)-86 15 >10 67

(R)-87 0.77 341

(R)-88 6.4 133

(R)-89 >30 0

(R)-90 20 3

W-91 0.49 >10 653

(R)-92 0.33 >10 532

(R)-93 0.42 516

(R)-94 0.31 1.6 812

(R)-95 >30 >10 0

(R)-96 18 0

(R)-97 0.4 0.43 816

(R)-98 >30 3

(R)-99 >30 >10 1

(R)-100 21 1

(R)-101 0.25 >10 412

(R)-102 10 1

(R)-103 >30 2

(R)-104 7.9 20

(R)-105 20 >10 2

(R)-106 0.15 >10 572

(R)-107 3 >10 414

(R)-108 1.6

(R)-109 0.11 4 432

(R)-110 0.34 >10 444

(i?)-l l l 0.5 >10

(R)-112 1.2 234

(R)-113 0.71 >10 (R)-114 0.42 0.62 703

(R)-115 0.55 215

(R)-116 0.31 0.6 963

(R)-117 1

(R)-118 0.14 0.23

(R)-119 0.5

(R)-120 0.52

(R)-121 1.1

(R)-122 1.1

(R)-123 0.75 >10

(R)-124 1.6

(R)-125 1.1 >10

(R)-126 0.14 0.17

(R)-127 0.505 1.1

(R)-128 1.6

(R)-129 0.32 0.44

(R)-130 0.52

(R)-131 0.63

(R)-132 0.25 0.1

(R)-133 1.4 0.4

(R)-134 1.4

(R)-135 0.58

(R)-136 0.45

(R)-137 0.55

(R)-138 0.56

(R)-139 0.57

(S)-139 7.9

(R)-140 0.38 22

(R)-141 0.57

(R)-142 0.64

(R)-143 0.155 0.74

(R)-144 0.81

(R)-145 0.18

(R)-146 0.57

(R)-147 0.55

(R)-148 0.092

(R)-149 0.79 >10 195

(R)-150 0.0545 2.2 443

(R)-151 0.24 >10 409

(R)-152 0.31 >10

(R)-153 1.6 114

(R)-154 0.8 6.2

(R)-155 0.78 >10 513

(R)-156 0.16 0.3 403

(R)-157 0.67

(R)-158 0.2 0.37 180

(R)-159 1.2 >10 24

(R)-160 0.11 0.26

(R)-161 0.058 0.66 493 (R)-162 0.79

(R)-163 0.86 2 446

(R)-164 0.73 266

(R)-165 0.036 0.2

(R)-166 0.6233 0.325

(R)-167 0.28 0.895

(R)-168 1.2

(R)-169 1.3

(R)-170 0.81 0.8

(R)-171 0.9

(R)-172 0.4452 4.9

(R)-173 0.565 >10

(R)-174 1.1

(R)-175 0.31 >10

(R)-176 0.13 0.13

(R)-177 0.315 0.69

(R)-178 0.78 0.4

(R)-179 2.3

(R)-180 1.1

(R)-181 0.147 0.083

(R)-182 1.5

(R)-183 0.62 >10

(R)-184 0.48 0.11

(R)-185 1.4

(R)-186 0.31 0.03

(R)-187 2.5

(R)-188 0.54 0.2

(R)-189 1.2 >10

(R)-190 0.2 0.29

(R)-191 0.22 0.16

(R)-192 0.22 >10

(R)-193 0.3 6

(R)-194 0.35 0.079

(S)-194) 14

(R)-195 1.5

(R)-196 0.24 0.61

(R)-197 0.16 2.8

(R)-198 0.19 >10

(R)-199 0.42 0.58

(R)-200 1.8

(R)-201 0.15 3.6

(R)-202 0.16

(R)-203 0.29 2.3

(R)-204 0.1 >10

(R)-205 0.047 2.6

(R)-206 >30 0

(R)-207 >30

(R)-208 >30 0

(R)-209 9.8 1 (R)-210 >30

(R)-211 3.6 100

(R)-212 8.4

(R)-213 2.7 60

(R)-214 2.5

(R)-215 12 86

(R)-216 4 184

(R)-217 3 1.1 473

(R)-218 2.7

(R)-219 15

(R)-220 >30

(R)-221 5.4 188

(R)-222 5.4

(R)-223 4.9

(R)-224 >30

(R)-225 >30

(R)-226 2.7

(R)-227 5.9

(R)-228 3.5

(R)-229 >30

(R)-230 19

(R)-231 >30

(R)-232 2.2

(R)-233 2.2

(R)-234 2.9

(R)-235 6.9

(R)-236 6.5

(R)-237 >30

(R)-238 >30

(R)-239 >30

(R)-240 >30

(R)-241 12

(R)-242 >30

(R)-243 2

(R)-244 8

(R)-245 4.4

(R)-246 >30

(R)-247 >30

(R)-248 8.2 1

(R)-249 11

(R)-250 7.6

(R)-251 3.4

(R)-252 8.7

(R)-253 20

(R)-254 2.2 447

(R)-255 2

(R)-256 >30

(R)-257 >30

(R)-258 >30 (R)-259 12

(R)-260 >30

(R)-261 4

(R)-262 2.6 >10

(R)-263 19

(R)-267 >30

(R)-265 >30

(R)-266 >30

(R)-267 9.6

(R)-268 10

(R)-269 6.9

(R)-270 12

[001277] Example 210:

[001278] Novel Object Recognition Task:

[001279] The Novel Object Recognition (NOR) task is a behavioral assay commonly used to evaluate cognition, particularly recognition memory, in rodent models of CNS disorders. This test is based on the spontaneous tendency of rodents to spend more time exploring a novel object compared to a familiar one. The choice to explore the novel object reflects the use of learning and recognition memory. The assay is commonly used to evaluate potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.

[001280] Procedure:

[001281] Male Wistar rats (Harlan Laboratories) weighing 350-400 grams were housed under a reversed light cycle and are tested during the dark cycle. Testing was done under low lux conditions, measured to be~2-7 lux under red light. Animals were habituated and weighed one day prior to testing. During habituation, animals were placed in a cylindrical arena and allowed to explore for 3 minutes. Training (Tl) was conducted approximately 24 hours later, with one set of identical objects placed on opposite sides of the arena. Animals were allowed to explore the objects in 3 -minute sessions. Animals were dosed with a designated treatment 15-60 minutes prior to testing depending on the pharmacokinetic profile of the compound before the start of Tl . Drug or vehicle was dosed subcutaneously based on body weight at 5 mL/kg. Testing (T2) was done at 48 hours after Tl .

During testing, one familiar object is replaced with a novel object. Animals were allowed to explore both objects in 3 -minute sessions.

[001282] Equipment Specification:

[001283] Animals were tracked using Noldus Ethovision XT (EthoVision XT version: 8.5, Noldus Inc. Wageningen, Netherlands) tracking software, using a 2 centimeter (cm) perimeter for each object as a separate zone. The test arena consisted of a cylinder, 80 cm diameter with 40 cm high walls of black acrylic that was opaque and matte. Objects were custom fabricated shapes (cone and bullet) similar in overall size (8cm high x 8cm diameter) and were counterbalanced between treatment groups.

[001284] Data Analysis and Statistics:

[001285] Contact time was defined as the amount of time (seconds) an animal spent within the 2 cm perimeter of an object. All animals that had <5 seconds total contact time were excluded from the study. Statistical significance was determined using a Mann Whitney U-test and the criterion was set at p<0.05.

[001286] Results:

[001287] Natural forgetting in an object recognition task in male Wistar rats (n = 8-27/group). Test compound was administered via sub-cutaneous administration 30 minutes before Tl . Test compounds improved object recognition using a 48-hour retention interval (mean + SEM). *p < 0.05 = novel (N) vs. familiar (F) object. Results are illustrated in Table 6.

Table 6:

[001288] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[001289] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

NAI-1500702019vl