CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/475,755, filed on March 23, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety and for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Field

[0002] The field relates generally to a gravity-flow filter assembly that can be used with a bottle, pitcher, or other vessel for filtering liquid.

Description of the Related Art

[0003] Conventional water bottles, pitchers, and/or other containers for holding water or other liquids (e.g., juices, etc.) may not include a filter for removing contaminants from the water before drinking. For example, some water bottles and pitchers may include only a container and a single lid. The user may fill the container by pouring water from a sink or other source through the lid and into the bottle. However, the water may include contaminants, such as chlorine and other chemicals, which may be unhealthy or undesirable for the user. Thus, in many instances, it can be desirable to provide a filter which can remove some or all of the contaminants from water before the user drinks the water. Furthermore, to improve the user's experience with the bottle or pitcher, it can be desirable to filter the water at a sufficiently high flow rate such that the container can be filled in a relatively short amount of time. Thus, there remains a continuing need for filter assemblies that can be used in conjunction with water bottles, pitchers, and other containers to filter water or other liquids effectively and at a high flow rate.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, an apparatus for dispensing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can comprise a cap configured to connect to a container body having a chamber for containing the liquid. The cap can comprise a pour aperture through which the liquid exits the apparatus. The cap can comprise a pour lid configured to open and close the pour aperture. The cap can comprise a cap vent configured to allow air to flow from the outside environs into the chamber of the container body when the cap is connected to the container body.

[0005] In another embodiment, an apparatus for dispensing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can comprise a cap configured to connect to a container body having a chamber for containing the liquid. The cap can comprise an annular upper ridge disposed about an upper periphery of the cap. The cap can comprise a fill aperture through which the liquid is supplied to the container body, the fill aperture disposed radially inside the annular upper ridge. The cap can comprise a pour aperture through which the liquid exits the apparatus, the pour aperture disposed radially inside the annular upper ridge. The cap can comprise a fill lid configured to open and close the fill aperture. The cap can comprise a pour lid configured to open and close the pour aperture. The cap can comprise a dip comprising a recessed surface that is recessed downwardly from the annular upper ridge, the dip positioned outwardly adjacent the pour lid.

[0006] In another embodiment, an apparatus for dispensing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can comprise a cap configured to connect to a container body having a chamber for containing the liquid. The cap can comprise a pour aperture through which the liquid exits the apparatus. The cap can comprise a pour lid configured to open and close the pour aperture. The cap can comprise an annular upper ridge disposed about an upper periphery of the cap, the pour aperture disposed radially inside the annular upper ridge, the annular upper ridge having a first width along more than half of the annular upper ridge in a circumferential direction. The annular upper ridge can comprise a grip platform having a second width along less than half of the annular upper ridge in the circumferential direction, the second width larger than the first width.

[0007] In another embodiment, a filter assembly is disclosed. The filter assembly can comprise a filter body comprising a filter cavity. The filter assembly can comprise a bottom filter pad mechanically integrated with a lower portion of the filter body. The filter assembly can comprise a flange comprising a central opening. The filter assembly can comprise a top filter pad mechanically integrated with the flange, the top filter pad disposed at least partially within the central opening. The flange can be mechanically integrated with an upper portion of the filter body. [0008] In one embodiment, an apparatus for dispensing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can include a cap configured to connect to a container body having a chamber for containing the liquid. The cap can include a pour aperture through which the liquid exits the apparatus. The cap can include a pour lid configured to open and close the pour aperture. The cap can also include a cap vent configured to allow air to flow from the outside environs into the chamber of the container body when the cap is connected to the container body.

[0009] In one embodiment, an apparatus for dispensing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can include a cap configured to connect to a container body having a chamber for containing the liquid. The cap can include a fill aperture through which the liquid is supplied to the container body. The cap can include a pour aperture through which the liquid exits the apparatus. A fill lid can be rotatable about a pivot axis in a first direction to close the fill aperture and rotatable about the pivot axis in a second direction to open the fill aperture. The first direction can be opposite the second direction. The pivot axis can be disposed non- parallel to a longitudinal axis of the apparatus. A pour lid can be rotatable about the pivot axis in the first direction to open the pour aperture and rotatable about the pivot axis in the second direction to close the pour aperture.

[0010] In another embodiment, an apparatus for containing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can include a container body comprising a chamber for containing the liquid. The apparatus can include a cap which connects to an upper portion of the container body. The cap can include a platform having a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side. A sidewall can extend transversely from the bottom side of the platform, the sidewall defining a recess sized and shaped to receive a filter assembly, the sidewall and recess disposed within the chamber of the container body. A first vent can be provided through the sidewall to provide fluid communication between the chamber of the container body and the recess. A second vent can be provided through the platform to provide fluid communication between the recess and the outside environs.

[0011] In another embodiment, an apparatus for containing a liquid is disclosed. The apparatus can include a container body comprising a chamber for containing the liquid. A cap can connect to an upper portion of the container body, the cap comprising a fill aperture through which the liquid is supplied to the a chamber. A filter assembly can be coupled with the cap, the filter assembly comprising filtration media to filter the liquid. A diffuser can be disposed between the filter assembly and the fill aperture. The diffuser can comprise a diffuser body and one or a plurality of openings. The diffuser can be configured to diffuse the supplied liquid laterally before the liquid passes to the filter assembly.

[0012] In another embodiment, filter assembly comprises a sleeve comprising a first opening, a second opening, and an annular wall extending between the first opening and the second opening to define a filter cavity. A mesh filter cartridge can be disposed in the filter cavity. Filtration media can be disposed within the mesh filter cartridge.

[0013] In another embodiment, a filter cartridge for a liquid container is disclosed. The filter cartridge can comprise a stainless steel mesh basket comprising a top mesh filter pad, a bottom mesh filter pad, and a mesh wall extending between the top mesh filter pad and the bottom mesh filter pad. The filter cartridge can comprise filtration media disposed within the stainless steel mesh basket.

[0014] In another embodiment, a filter assembly can comprise a filter body coupled to or formed with a top filter pad and a bottom filter pad. In some embodiments, the filter body can comprise a polymer. In some embodiments, the filter body can comprise stainless steel. In some embodiments, the mesh size of the bottom filter pad can be finer (e.g. , smaller openings) than the mesh size of the top filter pad. In some embodiments, the pore size of the top mesh filter pad (or filter inlet) can be in a range of 0.01 inches to 0.1 inches, or more particularly, in a range of 0.04 inches to 0.07 inches, in a range of 0.015 inches to 0.06 inches, or in a range of 0.018 inches to 0.057 inches. The pore size of the bottom mesh filter pad (or filter outlet) can be in a range of 0.001 inches to 0.03 inches in a range of 0.015 inches to 0.06 inches, or in a range of 0.018 inches to 0.057 inches. In some embodiments, the pores may comprise between 60% and 80% of the overall area of the top filter pad, e.g., between 64% and 75% of the overall area. In some embodiments, the pores may comprise between 55% and 65% of the overall area of the bottom filter pad. Any suitable type of filtration media (such as granular activated carbon) can be disposed within the filter body.

[0015] For purposes of summarizing advantages achieved over the prior art, certain objects and advantages have been described herein. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that principles taught herein may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught or suggested herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

[0016] All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. These and other embodiments will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments having reference to the attached figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These aspects and others will be apparent from the following description of various embodiments and the accompanying drawings, which are meant to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed embodiments, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1A is a perspective view of a container comprising a bottle, according to one embodiment.

[0019] Figure IB is a perspective sectional view of the water bottle shown in

Figure 1A.

[0020] Figure 1C is a schematic perspective view of a bottle similar to the water bottle shown in Figures 1 A- IB, in which a dip is provided to enhance pouring of liquid out of the bottle, according to various embodiments.

[0021] Figure 2A is a perspective view of a container comprising a water pitcher, according to another embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2B is a perspective sectional view of the pitcher shown in Figure

2A.

[0023] Figure 2C is a schematic perspective view of a container comprising a carafe, according to various embodiments.

[0024] Figure 2D is a schematic perspective view of a container comprising a carafe similar to the carafe shown in Figure 2C, with a cap vent provided to enhance the pouring of liquid from the container. [0025] Figure 2E is an enlarged schematic perspective view of the cap and cap vent, with the container body hidden for ease of illustration.

[0026] Figure 2F is an enlarged schematic perspective view of the cap, the cap vent, and the container body.

[0027] Figure 2G is a schematic top perspective view of the cap, according to various embodiments.

[0028] Figure 2H is a schematic bottom perspective view of the cap shown in Figure 2G.

[0029] Figure 3A is a side cross-sectional view of a cap, shown in a filling configuration, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0030] Figure 3B is a schematic perspective view of the cap shown in Figure 3A.

[0031] Figure 3C is a magnified side sectional view of the cap with a fill lid in a closed configuration.

[0032] Figure 3D is a magnified side sectional view of the cap with the fill lid in a filling configuration.

[0033] Figure 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the cap in a pouring or drinking configuration.

[0034] Figure 4B is a magnified side cross-sectional view of a cap having a pour lid, illustrated with the pour lid in a closed configuration.

[0035] Figure 4C is a magnified side cross-sectional view of the cap with the pour lid in an open or pouring configuration.

[0036] Figure 4D is a schematic side view of a cap having a rim with a raised rim region proximate the pour aperture.

[0037] Figure 4E is a schematic side sectional view of a cap having a diffuser disposed above the filter assembly, according to various embodiments.

[0038] Figure 4F is a schematic perspective view of the diffuser.

[0039] Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of a filter assembly, according to some embodiments.

[0040] Figure 5B is a schematic side view of the filter assembly of Figure 5 A. [0041] Figure 5C is a top exploded perspective view of the filter assembly shown in Figures 5A-5B.

[0042] Figure 5D is a bottom exploded perspective view of the filter assembly of Figure 5C.

[0043] Figure 5E is a top plan view of a top mesh filter pad, shown with various pore sizes.

[0044] Figure 5F is a top plan view of a bottom mesh filter pad, shown with various pore sizes.

[0045] Figure 5G is a schematic top perspective view of a filter assembly, according to various embodiments.

[0046] Figure 5H is a schematic bottom perspective view of the filter assembly shown in Figure 5G.

[0047] Figure 51 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a filter assembly, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to a gravity-flow filter assembly, a cap which couples to the filter assembly, and a container to which the cap is attached. The cap can include a fill aperture and fill lid which can selectively open and close the fill aperture by way of rotation about a pivot axis that is non-parallel to a longitudinal axis of the apparatus. The cap can also include a pour aperture and a pour lid which can selectively open and close the fill aperture by way of rotation about the pivot axis. The apparatus can include a plurality of vents that improve the airflow to the apparatus during filling and/or pouring. Beneficially, the filter assembly can reduce contaminants (e.g., chlorine in water by at least 50% (e.g., by at least 75%) at relatively high flowrates (e.g. , at flowrates in a range of 0.5 Lpm to 3 Lpm (e.g., in a range of 1 Lpm to 2.5 Lpm). It should be appreciated that although the filter assemblies disclosed herein may be described in connection with the filtering of water in some embodiments, the components described herein may also be used with other liquids (e.g., juices, etc.). Moreover, the components described herein (e.g., the cap and/or filter assembly) may be used with any suitable type of container, such as a bottle, a carafe, a pitcher, a cup, etc. [0049] Figure 1A is a perspective view of a container 1 comprising a bottle (e.g., a water bottle), according to one embodiment. Figure IB is a perspective sectional view of the bottle shown in Figure 1A. The container 1 can comprise a container body 2 having a chamber 3 for containing a liquid, such as water. A cap 5 can be removably attached to the container body 2, e.g., by way of a threaded connection. In addition, as shown in Figure IB, a filter assembly 4 can be removably connected to the cap 5. The cap 5 and/or filter assembly 4 can be used with any suitable container or vessel, such as a bottle, a pitcher, a carafe, a cup, etc. In operation, as described in additional detail below, the user can open a fill lid and can supply water or other liquid to be filtered through a fill aperture to an internal reservoir 7 disposed above the filter assembly 4. The water can be drawn downwardly by gravity and can flow from the internal reservoir 7 down through the filter assembly 4 and into the chamber 3. Beneficially, unlike other devices, the embodiments disclosed herein can filter water by using gravity (e.g. , by pouring liquid downwardly into the cap 5 and filter assembly), without applying pressure (e.g., without squeezing the container). The filter assembly 4 can remove contaminants from the water (e.g., chlorine and other chemicals) before the water enters the chamber 3 of the container body 2. The user can tilt the container 1 and activate a pour or drink lid, as explained in more detail below, to enable the water to pass from the chamber 3 and out of the container 1 , for example, to the user's mouth.

[0050] The container body 2 may be any suitable size and shape. For example, it can be advantageous to provide a bottle (e.g., a water bottle) which is sufficiently small to enable the user to easily carry the bottle, while sufficiently large to contain enough liquid for drinking. The container body can have a volume in a range of 400 mL to 750 mL, e.g. , about 500mL in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the container body 2 can have a volume of about 650 mL. As explained herein, other types of containers or vessels, such as a pitcher, may be used in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, the container (e.g. , bottle, pitcher, etc.) may be any suitable size.

[0051] The container body 2 can be any suitable material. In various embodiments, the container body 2 can comprise plastic, glass, or any other suitable material. As shown in Figure 1A, a protective coating 6 may be applied over the bottom portion of the container body 2. The protective coating 6 may comprise a polymer material, such as silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). In some embodiments, the protective coating 6 may comprise a pre-molded (e.g., injection molded) boot which can be pulled over the bottom end of the container body 2. In other embodiments, the protective coating 6 can be overmolded over the container body 2. The protective coating 6 may cover substantially the entire container body 2 in some arrangements. In other arrangements, the protective coating 6 may only be applied over the lower portion of the container body 2. The protective coating 6 may protect the container 1 from external forces, e.g., forces or impulses which result from the user dropping the container 1 on a hard surface. The protective coating 6 may be sufficiently thick so as to dissipate the impact forces on the bottle to prevent the container 1 from breaking or cracking. Furthermore, if the container body 2 were to break, the protective coating 6 can advantageously contain any broken shards of glass or plastic within the coating 6 to reduce the risk of injury to the user and/or to enable efficient cleanup.

[0052] Figure 1C is a schematic perspective view of a container 1 similar to the water bottle shown in Figures 1A-1B, in which a dip 75 is provided to enhance pouring of liquid out of the container 1, according to various embodiments. As shown in Figure 1C, and as explained below, the cap 5 can include a fill lid 9 in which liquid (such as water) is supplied to the container body 2. The cap 5 can also include a pour lid 8 through which the liquid can be poured out of the container 1 , and into another vessel and/or into the user's mouth. As shown in Figure 1C and as explained here, the pour lid 8 and the fill lid 9 can rotate or pivot in opposite directions. In the illustrated embodiments, the pour lid 8 and fill lid 9 can rotate about the same pivot axis. In Figure 1C, the pour lid 8 is disposed opposite (e.g. , directly opposite) the fill lid 9 across a lateral dimension of the cap 5. The pour lid 8 and fill lid 9 (and the corresponding pour and fill apertures) can be disposed radially inside or within the annular upper ridge 76. As shown in Figure 1C, the dip 75 can comprise a recessed surface that is recessed downwardly from an annular upper ridge 76 disposed about an upper periphery of the cap 5. The dip 75 can be positioned outwardly adjacent the pour lid 8. In some embodiments, the dip 75 can be approximately centered (e.g., circumferentially centered) relative to the pour lid 8 along the circumference or perimeter of the cap 5. The recessed dip 75 can improve the outflow of liquid (e.g., filtered water) from the container 1. For example, without being limited by theory, the dip 75 can direct or channel the liquid such that the liquid exits the container 1 as a narrow stream of liquid. Moreover, the dip 75 can provide a visual cue to the user to inform the user of the location from which to drink and/or pour the liquid from the container 1.

[0053] Figure 2A is a perspective view of a container 1 comprising a pitcher, according to another embodiment. Figure 2B is a perspective sectional view of the pitcher shown in Figure 2A. Figure 2C is a schematic perspective view of a container 1 comprising a carafe, according to various embodiments. Unless otherwise noted, reference numerals in Figures 2A-2C generally refer to similar components as like reference numerals in Figures 1A-1B. Unlike the embodiment of Figures 1A-1B, however, the container 1 of Figures 2A- 2B comprises a pitcher, which may contain larger amounts of liquid than the bottle of Figures 1A-1B. In Figure 2C, the container 1 comprises a carafe. In Figures 2A-2C, for example, the container 1 can comprise a cap 5 removably attached to a container body 2 having a chamber 3. In the embodiment of Figures 2A-2C, the cap 5 can comprise a plastic or other compliant material. The cap 5 can be inserted into the top of the container body 2 and can define an interference or friction fit relative to the container body 2. For example, in some embodiments, one or a plurality of ribs of the cap 5 can press against the internal surface of the container body 2 to secure the cap 5 relative to the container body 2. The cap 5 can therefore be removed by pulling the cap 5 upwardly relative to the container body 2. In other embodiments, however, the cap 5 can be threadably connected with the container body 2. As with the embodiment of Figures 1A-1B, a filter assembly 4 can removably connect to the cap 5, and an internal reservoir 7 can be disposed above the filter assembly 4. The cap 5 and filter assembly 4 of Figures 2A-2C may be substantially similar in design to the cap 5 and filter assembly 4 shown in Figures 1A-1B, such that the cap 5 and filter assembly 4 can be used in bottles, pitchers, and/or carafes. In other embodiments, the cap 5 and filter assembly 4 for use with a pitcher and/or carafe may be similar to the cap 5 and filter assembly 4 for the bottle, except the dimensions may be different to accommodate the different sizes of the pitcher and/or carafe. As with the bottle of Figures 1A-1B, the container body 2 may comprise plastic or glass. In some embodiments, a protective coating may also be applied over the container body 2 to protect the container 1 from damage and/or to contain any broken pieces of the container body 2. [0054] Figure 2D is a schematic perspective view of a container 1 comprising a carafe similar to the carafe shown in Figure 2C, with a cap vent 81 provided to enhance the pouring of liquid from the container 1. Figure 2E is an enlarged schematic perspective view of the cap 5 and cap vent 81 , with the container body 2 hidden for ease of illustration. Figure 2F is an enlarged schematic perspective view of the cap 5, the cap vent 81 , and the container body 2. Although the cap vent 81 is illustrated in connection with the carafe, it should be appreciated that the cap vent 81 may also be used with a container that comprises a bottle, pitcher, or any other suitable type of container.

[0055] As shown in Figure 2D, and as explained below, the cap 5 can include a fill lid 9 in which liquid (such as water) is supplied to the container body 2. The cap 5 can also include a pour lid 8 through which the liquid can be poured out of the container 1, and into another vessel (and/or into the user's mouth). In various embodiments, it can be important to provide sufficient venting and/or airflow so as to enhance the flowability of liquid being poured out of the pour lid 8. As shown in Figures 3A and 4A below, for example, air flowing from outside the container 1 into the container body 2 can assist in pushing or expelling liquid from the container body 2 and out of the pour lid 8. As illustrated in Figure 2D, the cap vent 81 can be provided radially outward from, and adjacent to, the fill lid 9, which can be disposed opposite the pour lid 8. Positioning the cap vent 81 opposite the pour lid 8 can beneficially enhance the flow rate of liquid pouring out of the pour lid 8 (and into another vessel or the user's mouth, for example).

[0056] Accordingly, as shown in Figures 2D-2F, the cap vent 81 can be defined at least in part by the cap 5 and can be configured to enable air flow from the outside environs into the chamber of the container body 2. The improved airflow into the container body 2 can improve the flow rate of liquid out of the container 1 and into the user's mouth or another vessel. As shown in Figures 2E-2F, the cap vent 81 can comprise a projection 82 extending downwardly from a ridge 83 of the cap 5 (which may be generally similar to the upper ridge 76 described above in connection with Figure 1C). As shown in Figure 2F, when the cap 5 is inserted into the upper opening of the container body 2, the projection 82 bears against an upper rim 88 of the container body 2. The projection 82 can therefore define a gap 87 defining a gap clearance g between the ridge 83 of the cap 5 and the upper rim 88 of the container body 2. The gap clearance g can be any suitable distance to provide airflow from the outside environs through the gap 87. In some embodiments, the gap clearance g can be in a range of 0.005" to 0.05", in a range of 0.005" to 0.025", or in a range of 0.005" to 0.02", e.g. , about 0.01". Although the projection 82 is shown as extending downwardly from the ridge 83, in other embodiments, the projection can instead extend upwardly from the rim 88 of the container body 2 to define the gap.

[0057] In addition, as shown in Figure 2E, the cap 5 can include a compliant cap body 86 which can be formed of a suitable compliant material, such as a polymer (e.g., a thermoplastic elastomer or TPE), rubber, etc. One or a plurality of ribs 84 can extend radially outward from the cap body 86, and can be disposed circumferentially about a periphery of the cap body 86, below the ridge 83. As explained above, when the cap 5 is inserted into the upper opening of the container body 2, the ribs 84 can engage with the inner surface of the container body 2 to define a tight fit (e.g., an interference or friction fit) with the container body 2. The ribs 84 can provide a mechanical and/or fluidic seal with the inner surface of the container body 2 in some embodiments. In Figure 2E, a circumferential spacing 85 can be provided underneath (and aligned with) the cap vent 81 (e.g., with the projection 82), which can define a region of the cap body 86 that does not include ribs. As explained below, the spacing 85 between ribs 84 can act as a channel to guide airflow from the outside environs into the container body 2.

[0058] For example, as shown in Figure 2F, airflow A from the outside environs can pass through the gap 87 defined between the ridge 83 of the cap 5 and the upper rim 88 of the container body 2. As illustrated in Figure 2E, the airflow A entering through the gap 87 can flow downwardly through the spacing 85 and into a chamber defined by the container body 2. The improved airflow A into the container body 2 can improve the flow rate of liquid flowing out of the container 1 through the pour lid 8. Although the cap vent 81 shown in Figures 2D-2F includes a projection 82 that defines a gap 87 through which air flows into the container body 2, it should be appreciated that other types of venting structures can be utilized. For example, in other embodiments, the cap vent 81 can comprise a vent hole formed through the ridge 83 of the cap 5, or through the sidewall of the container body 2 near the upper rim 88. [0059] Figure 2G is a schematic top perspective view of the cap 5, according to various embodiments. Figure 2H is a schematic bottom perspective view of the cap 5 shown in Figure 2G. Unless otherwise noted, the components shown in Figures 2G-2H may be the same as or generally similar to like-numbered components of Figures 1A-2F. For example, the cap 5 can comprise an annular upper ridge 93 (which may be similar to the ridge 83 described above) extending about an upper periphery of the cap 5. In some embodiments, a ridge gap 91 can be provided or formed in the ridge 93 adjacent the pour lid 8. The ridge gap 91 can beneficially improve the outflow of fluid from the container body 2 during pouring or drinking. The ridge 93 can have a nominal first width wi along a majority of a periphery of the ridge 93. Beneficially, as shown in Figure 2G, the ridge 93 can further comprise a grip platform 90 disposed along a portion of the periphery of the ridge 93. The grip platform 90 can have a second width W2 that is wider than the first width wi. The wider grip platform 90 can enable the user to more easily place the cap 5 onto the container body 2 and/or remove the cap 5 from the container body 2.

[0060] In various embodiments, the width W2 of the grip platform 90 can gradually increase along the periphery of the ridge 93. A maximum value of the width W2 (e.g. , the largest width of the platform 90) can be in a range of 1.1 to 4 times the width wi along the majority (e.g., more than half) of the periphery of the ridge 93, in a range of 1.2 to 2.5 times the width wi along the majority (e.g. , more than half) of the periphery of the ridge 93, or in a range of 1.4 to 2 times the width wi along the majority (e.g., more than half) of the periphery of the ridge 93. In various embodiments, wi can be in a range of 0.1" to 0.6", in a range of 0.2" to 0.5", or in a range of 0.25" to 0.4" (e.g., about 0.32" in one embodiment). In various embodiments, W2 can be in a range of 0.35" to 1", or in a range of 0.4" to 0.7" (e.g., about 0.55" in one embodiment). The grip platform 90 (e.g., the portion of the ridge 93 that is wider than the nominal width wi along a continuous region) can extend along a minority (e.g. , less than half) of the periphery of the ridge 93. For example, in some embodiments, the grip platform 90 can 93 (e.g., along a circumferential direction C shown in Figure 2G). Furthermore, as shown extend along about 10% to 35% of the periphery of the ridge in Figure 2G, a bisecting axis z can bisect the pour lid 8 and the fill lid 9 along a lateral plane of the cap 5. The ridge 93 with the grip platform 90 can be asymmetric relative to the bisecting axis z, such that the grip platform 90 is disposed entirely on one side of the bisecting axis z. For example, in some embodiments, the bisecting axis z may not intersect the grip platform 90.

[0061] Figure 3 A is a side cross-sectional view of the cap 5, shown in a filling configuration in which liquid (e.g., water) can be supplied to the reservoir 7 above the filter assembly 4. As shown in Figure 3 A, the cap 5 can include a fill aperture 12 and a fill lid 9 configured to open and close the fill aperture 12. In addition, as explained below, the cap 5 can also include a drinking or pour aperture 10 and a pour lid 8 configured to open and close the pour aperture 10. The fill lid 9 and the pour lid 8 can be rotatable about a common pivot axis 20. The pivot axis 20 can be non-parallel to (e.g. , transverse to) a longitudinal axis L of the cap 5. As illustrated, the longitudinal axis L can be disposed along or generally parallel to a direction extending from an upper end of the cap 5 to a lower end of the container 2. The fill lid 9 can be rotatable about the pivot axis 20 in a first direction to close the fill aperture 12 and rotatable about the pivot axis 20 in an opposite second direction to open the fill aperture 12. Similarly, the pour lid 8 can be rotatable about the pivot axis 20 in the first direction to open the pour aperture 10 and rotatable about the pivot axis 20 in the second direction to close the pour aperture 10. The pour lid 8 and fill lid 9 can rotate about the same axis 20 but can rotate independently of one another, such that rotation of one of the pour lid 8 and the fill lid 9 does not cause the other to rotate.

[0062] A first gasket 1 1 can be coupled to or formed with the fill lid 9 and can comprise a rubber or polymeric material to substantially seal the fill aperture 12 when the fill lid 11 closes the fill aperture 12. A second gasket 13 can be coupled to or formed with the pour lid 8 and can comprise a rubber or polymeric material to substantially seal the pour aperture 10 when the pour lid 9 closes the pour aperture 10. As shown in Figure 3B, the pour lid 8 can comprise first and second arms 23 A, 23B disposed on opposing sides of the fill lid 9. As explained in more detail below, the user can press downwardly against one or both arms 23 A, 23B to open the pour lid 8 and drink or pour water from the container body 2.

[0063] As shown in Figures 3A-3B, the cap 5 can include a rim 14 extending upwardly above a platform 21. To fill the container, the user can flip open the fill lid 9 and pour liquid through the fill aperture 12 and into the reservoir 7. The liquid (e.g. , unfiltered water) can flow through the filter assembly 4 and into the chamber 3 of the container body 2. In Figure 3 A, a sidewall 15 can extend downwardly from a bottom side of the platform 21. The sidewall 15 can at least partially define a recess sized and shaped to receive the filter assembly 4. As explained in more detail below, the filter assembly 4 can connect to the sidewall 15 by snapping into an annular groove 24 formed in a bottom portion of the sidewall 15. In some arrangements, part or all of the sidewall 15 can comprise a polymer or rubber material, and can be deformed so as to tightly accommodate and receive the filter assembly 4. In addition, as shown in Figure 3 A, an outer wall 18 can extend downwardly from the platform 21 such that the sidewall 15 and the recess (which also defines the reservoir 7) are disposed within the chamber 3 of the container body 2. The outer wall 18 can comprise one or more connectors (e.g. , threads) to connect to corresponding connectors on the upper end portion of the container body 2.

[0064] In addition, a first vent 16 can be disposed through the sidewall 15. A second vent 17 can be disposed through a portion of the platform 21. In the filling configuration, as shown in Figure 3A, liquid can be supplied to the chamber 3 of the container body 2 by way of the fill aperture 12, the reservoir 7, and filter assembly 4. As the liquid enters the chamber 3 of the container body 2, air 27 within the chamber 3 may be displaced out of the container 1 by way of the first vent 16. The first vent 16 may therefore enable the air 27 to pass from the chamber 3, through the first vent 16 by way of a gap defined between the outer wall 18 and the sidewall 15, and out of the container 1 by way of the fill aperture 12. The first vent 16 can therefore assist in the efficient filling of the chamber 3. As shown in Figure 3A, in the filling configuration, the second vent 17 may be closed or occluded by a vent gasket 19 disposed on the pour lid 8.

[0065] Figure 3C is a magnified side sectional view of the fill lid 9 in a closed configuration, for example, when the cap 5 is in a pouring configuration or when both the fill lid 9 and pour lid 8 are closed. Figure 3D is a magnified side sectional view of the fill lid 9 in the filling configuration. As illustrated in Figures 3C-3D, to fill the container 1 , the user may flip up the fill lid 9 by rotating the fill lid 9 about the pivot axis 20. In addition, the pivot axis 20 may correspond to a pin disposed within an elongated slot 25. The slot 25 may be larger than the pin such that the pin (and pivot axis 20) can translate in a direction transverse to the direction of the pivot axis 20.

[0066] Figure 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the cap 5 in a pouring or drinking configuration. Figure 4B is a magnified side cross-sectional view of the pour lid 8 when the pour lid 8 is in a closed configuration (e.g., when the cap 5 is in a filling configuration or when both the fill lid 9 and the pour lid 8 are closed). Figure 4C is a magnified side cross-sectional view of the pour lid 8 when the pour lid 8 is in an open or pouring configuration. To drink or pour from the container 1, the user may press downwardly against one or both arms 23A, 23B of the pour lid 8 (see Figure 3B) to cause the pour lid 8 to rotate about the pivot axis 20. The pour lid 8 may also translate along the slot 25 such that a distal end 29 of the pour lid 8 abuts against the rim 14 of the cap 5. The distal end 29 can abut the rim 14 so as to provide a fluid seal such that liquid passing through the pour aperture 10 passes directly into the user's mouth or other container, instead of spilling outwardly along the periphery of the cap 5. Furthermore, in the pouring configuration, a gasket barrier 26 can abut against a corner of the platform 21 to prevent water from passing from the reservoir 7 to the user by bypassing the filter assembly 4. The gasket barrier 26 can thereby prevent the mixing water or air between the reservoir 7 and the chamber 3.

[0067] In Figure 4B, when the cap 5 is in a closed configuration, the vent gasket 19 can substantially close the second vent 17. However, as shown in Figures 4A and 4C, when in the pouring configuration, the vent gasket 19 is rotated and translated relative to the second vent 17 such that the second vent 17 is open. As depicted in Figure 4A, air 22 from the outside environs can enter through the second vent 17, into the reservoir 7, and through the first vent 16 into the chamber 3 of the container body 2. The air flow 22 can assist in displacing the liquid in the chamber 3 to cause the liquid to smoothly and rapidly exit the pour aperture 10. Thus, in the pouring configuration, the first and second vents 16, 17 can be open so as to enable efficient liquid flow out of the container 1. In some embodiments, no additional external vent holes may be used.

[0068] Figure 4D is a schematic side view of a cap 5 having a rim 14 with a raised rim region 14A proximate the pour aperture 10, according to some embodiments. The raised rim region 14A can beneficially provide the user with a visual cue as to the location of the pour aperture 10 to improve the usability of the cap 5. Moreover, the raised rim region 14A can provide an improved liquid seal near the corners of the distal end 29 of the pour lid 8 so as to provide a better seal when the distal end 29 abuts the rim 14 (see Figure 4C).

[0069] Figure 4E is a schematic side sectional view of a cap 5 having a diffuser 55 disposed above the filter assembly 4, according to various embodiments. Figure 4F is a schematic perspective view of the diffuser 55. In some arrangements without a diffuser, when liquid is supplied to the reservoir 7 by way of the fill aperture 12, the stream of liquid may bore through the filtration media within the filter assembly 4. The stream may displace the filtration media, which may reduce the effectiveness of the filter assembly 4 in filtering water. Accordingly, the diffuser 55 may be placed above the filter assembly 4 (e.g., within the reservoir 7) so as to disperse the liquid before the liquid enters the filter assembly. For example, as shown in Figures 4E-4F, the diffuser 55 may comprise a diffuser body 56 having one or a plurality of diffuser openings 57 therein. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the diffuser body 56 comprises a plurality of openings 57 spaced laterally along the diffuser body 56. In other embodiments, however, there may be one elongate hole that extends laterally through the diffuser body 56 to diffuse the liquid laterally across the diffuser 55 prior to the liquid entering the filter assembly 4. In some embodiments, the diffuser 55 can comprise a molded plastic body. As liquid enters the reservoir 7, the liquid may impinge upon the diffuser body 56 and can spread or diffuse the liquid stream out laterally. The diffused liquid can pass through the diffuser openings 57 and into the filter assembly 4. Beneficially, the diffuser 55 can lower the downward momentum of the liquid as it enters the filter assembly 4, which can reduce or eliminate the boring effect described above and can improve the filtering capabilities of the filter assembly 4.

[0070] Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of the filter assembly 4, according to some embodiments. Figure 5B is a schematic side view of the filter assembly 4 of Figure 5A. Figure 5C is a top exploded perspective view of the filter assembly 4 shown in Figures 5A-5B. Figure 5D is a bottom exploded perspective view of the filter assembly 4 of Figure 5C. As explained above, the filter assembly 4 can be removably attached to the cap 5, e.g. , can be snapped or otherwise connected to the sidewall 15. For example, an annular flange 31 can extend about the periphery of the filter assembly 4. The user can insert the filter assembly 4 into the recess defined by the sidewall 15 of the cap 5, and the flange 31 can be snapped into the corresponding groove 24 formed in the sidewall 15. In some embodiments, the user can deform the sidewall 15 (which may comprise a flexible polymer) to accommodate the filter assembly 4. The user can similarly remove the filter assembly 4 by deforming the sidewall 15 to disengage the flange 31 from the groove 24.

[0071] The filter assembly 4 can include a sleeve 30 and a filter cartridge 32 which is disposed within the sleeve 30. As shown in Figures 5C and 5D, the sleeve 30 can comprise a first opening 35, a second opening 36, and an annular wall 34 extending between the first opening 35 and the second opening 36 to define a filter cavity 40. The annular wall 34 can comprise a continuous sheet of material, e.g., the wall 34 may not be porous in the illustrated embodiment. The filter cartridge 32 can comprise a mesh basket having a top mesh filter pad 37, a bottom mesh filter pad 39, and a mesh wall 38 extending between the top mesh filter pad 37 and the bottom mesh filter pad 39. In some embodiments, the top mesh filter pad 37 can be welded to the mesh wall 38 so as to form a permanent connection between the filter pad 37 and wall 38. In other embodiments, the top mesh filter pad 37 may be removably connected to the mesh wall 38 such that the top mesh filter pad 37 can be removed, or open and closed (e.g., pivoted), relative to the mesh wall 38. For example, in some embodiments, the top filter pad 37 can be rotatably coupled with the wall 38. In some arrangements, ingredients (such as flavor infusants, vitamins, etc.) can be inserted into the filter cartridge 32 to provide flavor to the liquid passing through the filter assembly 4. As shown in Figures 5A-5D, a vertically-extending flange 33 can disposed about the perimeter of an outer surface of the top mesh filter pad 37. The flange 33 can assist in securing the filter assembly 4 to the cap 5.

[0072] To install the filter assembly 4, the user can insert the filter cartridge 32 within the sleeve 30, and can insert the combined filter assembly 4 into the sidewall 15 of the cap 5. As explained above, the flange 31 can snap into the groove 24 of the sidewall 15 to secure the filter assembly 4 to the cap 5. To replace the filter cartridge 32, the user can remove the filter assembly 4 from the cap 5 and can insert a new filter cartridge 32 into the sleeve 30 and cap 5. The filter cartridge 32 can be at least partially, or completely, filled with filtration media, such as granular activated carbon. In operation, water can flow through the fill aperture 12 and into the reservoir 7 and filter assembly 4. The water can flow by way of gravity through the top mesh filter pad 37 and through the filtration media, where contaminants can be removed. The filtered water can pass through the bottom filter pad 39 and into the chamber 3 of the container body 2 to provide filtered water to the user. The filter assembly 4 can comprise stainless steel in some embodiments. For example, the sleeve 30 and the filter cartridge 32 can both comprise stainless steel in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the filter assembly 4 (e.g., the sleeve 30 and/or the cartridge 32) can comprise a polymer.

[0073] Figure 5E is a top plan view of the top mesh filter pad 37, shown with various pore sizes. Figure 5F is a top plan view of the bottom mesh filter pad 39, shown with various pore sizes. As illustrated, pores 42 of the top filter pad 37 (e.g., the inlet of the filter assembly 4) can be larger or coarser than pores 44 of the bottom filter pad 39 (e.g., the outlet of the filter assembly 4). The larger pores 42 of the top filter pad 37 can enhance the venting of air between the reservoir 7 and the filter cavity 40. The smaller pores 44 of the bottom filter pad 39 can be sized so as to support and contain the filtration media. In some embodiments, the pore size of the top mesh filter pad 37 (or filter inlet) can be in a range of 0.01 inches to 0.1 inches, or more particularly, in a range of 0.04 inches to 0.07 inches, in a range of 0.015 inches to 0.06 inches, or in a range of 0.018 inches to 0.057 inches. In some embodiments, the pore size of the top mesh filter pad 37 (or filter inlet) can be in a range of 0.01" to 0.04", in a range of 0.015" to 0.035", in a range of 0.02" to 0.03", or in a range of 0.022" to 0.028" (e.g., about 0.025"). The pore size of the bottom mesh filter pad 39 (or filter outlet) can be in a range of 0.001 inches to 0.03 inches in a range of 0.015 inches to 0.06 inches, or in a range of 0.018 inches to 0.057 inches. In some embodiments, the pore size of the bottom mesh filter pad 39 (or filter outlet) can be in a range of 0.01" to 0.03", in a range of 0.015" to 0.021" (e.g., about 0.018"). In some embodiments, the pores 42 may comprise between 60% and 80% of the overall area of the top filter pad 37, e.g., between 64% and 75% of the overall area. In some embodiments, the pores 42 or openings of the top filter pad 37 can define an overall open area in a range of 50% to 75% of the overall area of the filter pad 37, in a range of 55% to 70% of the overall area of the filter pad 37, or in a range of 60% to 65% of the overall area of the filter pad 37, e.g., about 63% of the overall area of the filter pad 37. In some embodiments, the pores 44 may comprise between 55% and 65% of the overall area of the bottom filter pad 39. In some embodiments, the pores 44 or openings of the bottom filter pad 39 can define an overall open area in a range of 40% to 70% of the overall area of the filter pad 39, in a range of 45% to 65% of the overall area of the filter pad 39, or in a range of 50% to 65% of the overall area of the filter pad 39, e.g., about 59% of the overall area of the filter pad 39. The diameter of the wire used to define the top filter pad 37 can be in a range of 0.006" to 0.007", e.g., about 0.0065". The diameter of the wire used to define the bottom filter pad 39 can be in a range of 0.005" to 0.006", e.g., about 0.0055". In some embodiments, the mesh size of the top filter pad 37 (or filter inlet) can be 32 x 32. In some embodiments, the mesh size of the bottom filter pad 39 (or filter outlet) can be 42 x 42.

[0074] Figure 5G is a schematic top perspective view of a filter assembly 4, according to various embodiments. Figure 5H is a schematic bottom perspective view of the filter assembly 4 shown in Figure 5G. The filter assembly 4 can comprise a filter body 58 coupled to or formed with the top filter pad 37 and the bottom filter pad 39, which may be similar to the filter pads described above. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5G-5H, the filter body 58 can comprise a molded plastic body, and the filter pads 37, 39 can be connected to the filter body 58 in any suitable manner, e.g. , by a snapfit connection. In some arrangements, the filter pads 37, 39 can comprise stainless steel inserts. In other arrangements, the filter pads 37, 39 can comprise a plastic. In other embodiments, the filter pads 37, 39 can be integrally formed with the filter body 58.

[0075] Figure 51 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a filter assembly 4, according to some embodiments. Unless otherwise noted, the components shown in Figure 51 may be generally similar to or the same as components shown in Figures 1A-5H. Furthermore, the filter assembly 4 can be used in combination with any of the foregoing embodiments. For example, as with the embodiment of Figures 5G-5H, the filter assembly 4 can comprise a filter body 58 with an upper inlet filter pad 37 and a lower outlet filter pad 39 configured to connect to the filter body 58. In some embodiments, the filter assembly can comprise a flange 95 with a central opening 96. During manufacturing, the top filter pad 37 (e.g. , inlet pad) can be integrally formed with the flange 95. For example, in some embodiments, the flange can be formed by an injection molding process. The top filter pad 37 can be integrated with the flange 95 (e.g. , within an inner periphery of the flange 95) by an insert molding process. In various embodiments, the flange 95 and filter body 58 can comprise a polymer. In various other embodiments, the flange 95 and filter body 58 can comprise a metal, such as stainless steel.

[0076] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the filter body 58 can be injection molded. The bottom filter pad 39 can be integrally formed with the lower portion of the filter body 58 by an insert molding process. After integrating the filter body 58 with the bottom filter pad 39, the filtration media can be provided in the filter body 58, e.g., in the filter cavity 40. The integrated flange 95 and top filter pad 37 can be provided over an upper lip 96 of the filter body 58 (with the filtration media disposed in the filter body 58). The flange 95 and the filter body 58 can joined in any suitable manner, for example by welding (e.g., ultrasonic welding). As above, the flange 95 and/or the upper lip 96 can engage with the cap 5 to secure the filter assembly 4 to the cap 5 (e.g. , by way of a snapfit connection in some embodiments). In some embodiments, a separate filter cartridge may be provided in the filter cavity 40 of the filter body 58. In the illustrated embodiment, no separate filter cartridge is provided.

[0077] The filter assembly 4 and cap 5 disclosed herein can enable relatively fast flow rates through the filter assembly 4, e.g., flow rates in a range of 0.25 liters per minute (Lpm) to 2 Lpm, in a range of 1 Lpm to 2 Lpm, in a range of 1.5 Lpm to 2 Lpm, or in a range of 1.5 Lpm to 2.5 Lpm, e.g., at least about 0.5 Lpm. In some embodiments, the flow rate of liquid through the filter assembly 4 is in a range of 0.5 Lpm to 1.75 Lpm. Beneficially, the flow rates described above may be achieved while effectively filtering the water according to the NSF 42 standard (Class 1), as set forth as of the filing date of the Application. For example, the filter assembly 4 disclosed herein can reduce chlorine from unfiltered water by 50% or more, or by 75% or more, at the aforementioned flow rates. In various embodiments, the filtration media disposed within the filter assembly 4 (e.g., within the filter body 58) can comprise granular activated carbon (GAC). The GAC can comprise any suitable size and mass. For example, in some embodiments, the mass of the GAC filtration media can be in a range of 20 grams to 40 grams, e.g., in a range of 24 grams to 36 grams. The size of the GAC filtration media can be in a range of 6 x 12 to 8 x 16. [0078] The filter assembly 4 can have an interior volume (e.g., an interior volume defined by the filter body 58 and the filter pads 37, 39), prior to being filled with filtration media, in a range of 2 cubic inches to 6 cubic inches, in a range of 2.5 cubic inches to 5.5 cubic inches, in a range of 3 cubic inches to 5 cubic inches, or in a range of 3.7 cubic inches to 4.6 cubic inches, e.g., about 4 cubic inches or about 4.13 cubic inches in various embodiments. As shown in Figures 5E-5F, the filter assembly 4 can have a profile (as seen from a top or bottom plan view) that generally resembles a D-shape. For example, as seen from a top or bottom view, the filter assembly 4 can have a generally linear side (along the bottom of Figures 5E-5F) and a curved profile extending outwardly therefrom. The filter assembly 4 can taper inwardly and downwardly from the top filter pad 37 to the bottom filter pad 39, such that the top filter pad 37 can be wider than the bottom filter pad 39. Providing a tapered filter assembly 4 can beneficially keep the water dispersed across the carbon field as the water is being filtered, causing the water to flow more narrowly and preventing the water from boring through the filtration media. In some embodiments, the length of the top filter pad 37 (as measured between outermost pores 42) along a major dimension can be in a range of 1.7" to 1.9" (e.g., about 1.8"), and the width of the top filter pad 37 (as measured between outermost pores 42) along a minor dimension can be in a range of 1.5" to 1.6" (e.g., about 1.56"). In some embodiments, the length of the bottom filter pad 39 (as measured between outermost pores 44) along a major dimension can be in a range of 1.4" to 1.5" (e.g., about 1.45"), and the width of the bottom filter pad 39 (as measured between outermost pores 44) along a minor dimension can be in a range of 1.1" to 1.3" (e.g., about 1.2").

[0079] In some embodiments, the filtration media can comprise activated coconut shell carbon media. The activated coconut shell carbon media can be loosely packaged in the filter assembly 4. In various embodiments, the filtration media (e.g., the activated coconut shell carbon media) can fill 75% to 95% of the volume defined by the filter body 58, 80% to 95% of the volume defined by the filter body 58, or 85% to 90% of the volume defined by the filter body 58. In various embodiments, the filtration media (e.g., the activated coconut shell carbon media) can be provided in the filter assembly 4 by a total mass in a range of 10 g to 100 g, in a range of 20 g to 30 g, or more particularly, in a range of 25 g to 27 g. The size of the filtration media (e.g., the size of the grains of the activated coconut shell carbon media) can be in a range of 4 x 8 to 6 x 12, or more particularly, in a range of 4x 8 to 8 xl6, e.g., 6 x 12 in some embodiments.

[0080] The filter assembly 4 (e.g., used in conjunction with a bottle container) disclosed herein can effectively remove or reduce chlorine from water while enabling flow rates in a range of 0.75 Lpm to 2.25 Lpm, in a range of 1 Lpm to 2 Lpm, or in a range of 1.5 Lpm to 2 Lpm, e.g., about 1.75 Lpm. For example, the filter assembly 4 (in conjunction with the bottle as a container) can reduce chlorine at these flow rates according to the NSF/ ANSI 42 standard, in which the taste and odor of chlorine is reduced by at least 50% and in which particulates are reduced by at least 85% (e.g., above 99%). For an actual filter influent concentration of 2.06 ppm (NSF target of 2+/- 0.2 ppm), the filter assembly can yield filter effluent concentration to an average of 0.26 ppm (or a maximum of 0.28 ppm). The average reduction of chlorine can be an average of 88% with a minimum of 86.4%. The influent concentration of Particulate Class I (0.5-1 micron) had an actual concentration of 11010 ppm (NSF target of >10000 ppm). The effluent concentration of Particulate Class I (0.5-1 micron) had an average concentration of less than 100 ppm and a maximum concentration of less than 100 ppm. The testing was conducted at 23 °C and a pH of 7.53. The testing was performed at 0.5 gal/min. The test results indicate that the concentration of each substance leaving the filter assembly 4 is less than the permissible limit as specified by NSF/ANSI 42.

[0081] The filter assembly 4 used in conjunction with the carafe or pitcher containers can also effectively remove or reduce chlorine from water while enabling flow rates in a range of 0.75 Lpm to 2.25 Lpm, in a range of 1 Lpm to 2 Lpm, or in a range of 1.5 Lpm to 2 Lpm, e.g., about 1.75 Lpm. For example, the filter assembly 4 (in conjunction with the carafe or pitcher as a container) can reduce chlorine at these flow rates according to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard, in which the taste and odor of chlorine is reduced by at least 50% and in which particulates are reduced by at least 85% (e.g. , above 99%). For an actual filter influent concentration of 2.00 ppm (NSF target of 2+/- 0.2 ppm), the filter assembly can yield filter effluent concentration to an average of 0.25 ppm (or a maximum of 0.34 ppm). The average reduction of chlorine can be an average of 88% with a minimum of 83%. The influent concentration of Particulate Class I (0.5- 1 micron) had an actual concentration of 12070 ppm (NSF target of >10000 ppm). The effluent concentration of Particulate Class I (0.5-1 micron) had an average concentration of less than 100 ppm and a maximum concentration of less than 100 ppm. The testing was conducted at 22.8 °C and a pH of 7.62. The testing was performed at 0.5 gal/min. The test results indicate that the concentration of each substance leaving the filter assembly 4 is less than the permissible limit as specified by NSF/ANSI 42.

[0082] Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In addition, while several variations of the invention have been shown and described in detail, other modifications, which are within the scope of this invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. It is also contemplated that various combinations or sub-combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with, or substituted for, one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed invention. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present invention herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.