- acroun roveranseoces orransors, suc as cars, moorcces,rucs,anes,rans, ec.,eneraransors mareaoenn neees aon oc ucuzaens an vaorrouoso cosmnu a vnare o was.uncons reaeo a comuerocae on anor oeransor. evces, suc as a smarone or ummar eermnnn anes esxuaem exess em wo am reenroves a meoancues one or more o eecrc sourceevero an eecrcrover,eermnn anmac, amnacs,acasen o vneceessosuer,oveeer emecnrnc ano aroecaaonas w we aece e eecrc communcano coeure exaom aeroc eemssoor, wmeenrenroveres a ssemnae arneca.ues a memor anssue exss w a resourceevero an eecrcocessroorveerro,rmese ormnen oer more oeermne ase onessue,eermne an areaa we an eecrcmac, vecesorove eecrcooc aece e eecrcmac, ansac comrsnnsururceorns e,xama we eemao n ronsm wennroev areeas. a comuer reaae sorae meum more oeermnn anssue exesas w a aro rceessosuorrc,e cauesevererooce assoroerorm one or eermnn an eecrcmac,ase ones n eecrcrover, e eecrcmac, ansa sue,eermnn an areaa we aece reescr cn vecesorove eecrcoocaons wne area. accorno ex.on ouesraraewsn a nseworaram o ar-reae evenrecon ssem, ccorno ex.ame eumsromens. a aes an examearam o ar-reae evenrecon ssem, .ame e . umsursao reasm e aen sr aas nn. osoer neworaram, accorno exame emomens. emomens. rransor neworaram, accorno exame emomens.. usraese anoerransor neworaram, accorno exame emomens.. usraes aurerransor neworaram, accorno exame eereancee oo.-- emomens.. usraese aurerransor neworaram, accorno exame accorno ex.ame eumsraes aaramecn eecrcaon o one or more eemens, accorno ex.ame eumsroaoesm m aens ensa. .ramecnnerconneconseweeneren eemens, eemens, accor. usraes aureraramecnnerconneconseweeneren accorno ex.no aus exraamesee em auormerensa.ramecnnerconneconseween eemens, ame emo.meu esmraoesmens. ex e aureraramecn aeess enr ssem, accorno accorno ex.mens.usraese aureraramecn a wn aransor, .ame eumsroaemsens. canne , accor e aureraramecn an en-o-en communcaon .no exuasmraees emeo ameunrs. erormn secure communcaons uesrna sercaumre cecrnca aens, e axcacmoren ooransors emomens. exameneracn w. a securusraroecsessoer aureraramecn an exame o aransor . usraes aow ana ara wmr,e aecscsorevnceo, a ecxcaomrne emo eoxammene es.momens. .. uussrraaeess aneo aneoreorwowaraamr,a amcc,o arcconrno exoam exae emomens. .usraes a macneearnnransor n me emomens. emomens. eworaram, accorno exameransacons ass.ocae wusra ae vse acne, e axcacmoren veo ecxaem coen emuraonor mananaaase . usraes anoer exame vece conouramoens. ransacons conuce amon var nor mananaaase emomens.. usraes aouosc vecacnes a,r acccoercunreo co enxamurae eomn,o accmorenns.o exame emomens.. usraes anoeroccan conuraon, accorno exame eereancee oo.-- accorno ex. usraes aoccan conuraonor sornoccanransaconaa, .ame eumsraoesm eexnams.eaaocs, accorno exame emome s.. usraes an exame ssema su ns. emomen ors one or more oe exame eaeesc usraen wro een u rreeaser uenn,e mrsaooe aarensan comonens, aseneraescre an co rane anesnen a we vare oeren menou,ra aonasra.us,u cso,meuoero rewanaee saoreaee msecrumon an o ssee emm, aos rmeernessen oe anease o aneac oe a reureresse,nasv neo o sneneome scoe oe acaon as cameus mereome scoeee ocee em sooumens.ue emomenseceeren are noneneransor comuer reaa on.e comuer-reaae sorae meum mae a non- ommuncaonse meum or a non-ransor comuer reaae sorae meum. oerrans eweeneransors an ceran enes, suc as remoe servers, emee coorms aunerso,ca ec c.om maunee svences ane.o.r, s rmecaerveone asn,errsoocneasse comue ornse,r oarns mor- 'comonens' wc maearware,rmware, soware or a comnaone ore comonens maear o an oese enes or comunevces or ceran oereo.e evces.n one exame, consensusecsons reaeooccanra r comun erorme one or more comunevces or comonenswc mansacons mae escre anoreceeren assocae w eransors an one oer m ano eemen comonens ouse or a a remo re oe ensanea eocaonromeransors. e comnen ures, srucures, or caracerscsescrens seccaon ma rase an suae mannern one or more emomens.or exame,e usae oe s ssec “excaamone re emersoomeensa,c” “soam ae eamrcouamreneas,u”re o,r s orucerur se,m ora craarnacuearse,rououn connecon we emomen maencuen aeas one exame.us, aceescre oerases “exame emomens”, “n some emomens”, “n oer arances oer smaranuae,rouous seccaono no necessar a emomens,” or rou o emomens, aneescreeaures, srucures, or ca reeroe samen an suae mannern one or more emomens.ne racerscs mae comne eemens canerm one-wa anorwo-wa c arams, an conneconeween a one-wa orwo-wa arrow.ne cu ommuncaon, eveneece connecons erreerne souon, a vece orransor mancue one or ancee oo.-- m moor eoeroc o cars,rucs, wan areaaer eecrc vece , e-aee,ue ceus, us craenss, scooers,cces,oas, recreaona veces,anes, an an oeca mae no areoon,e w an oeroeoesrmrom “m oensesaoecaono anoer. emomens, oeres o neworaa, suc a”s, m aaacaev,eeen useneescron o use.urermore, we ceranes o messaes an s rame,aaram, ec. ma asoe emomense are nan maeecen exemar x nomeo a cerane o messae an snan. comuer reaaame emomensrove meos, ssems, comonens, non-ransor aso reerreoe meum,evces, anor newors, wcrove aeas one o aransor vercaon as a vece or careren, aaa coecon ssem, aaa monorn ssem, a saus con sosnema, an auorzaon ssem, an a veceaasruon ssem.e vece newor commua receveneorm o communcaon messaes, suc as wreessaa veceransorncaons anor wre communcaon messaes, maerocesseoenransor.n one s eaxaus conons anroveeeac one conon anor canes o a auorze a curren vmece,e a ev userroe mae aeo aarcuarransorveceo vece rena servces en, servce sos a servce saons,o auorze suseuen ne, a cnom emnuancea veoncen-roa-svreuccuree c,o ammuncaons. sorae ssem wcncues mue noesa communecceanera wzeaaases asrue an exame o aecenrazeaaase, wcncues an aen-on eacmm ouer.occans .e., asrueeer caae o manann recorseween unruaseeaaar serucure unruseares are reerreoeren aseers, noes, oreer noes.aceer s.e oeaaase recors, an no sneeer can mo eaaase recors w moaunans a co en reace amonesrueeers.or exame,eeers ma execue a a c consensus roocoo vaaeoccan sorae enres,roue sorae enresnoocs,onsensus as can vaeocs.srocessorms anu a nec eeer orerne sorae enres, ass we aossuar a, seocr cconsesnenc..uncuoccc oranesrm casnsonnvoesvse crococ-caunrrse,nc aneso anne c uasne coanrsecnsuase- ase on varousroocos suc asroo o woro.onverse, aermssoneoccan wacase can secureneracons amon arou o enes, wc sare a commonoa,unoo no or cannourus one anoer, suc asusnessesa excaneuns,oos, ermrmsasoonne,ss anee.ensan souon canunconn aermssone anor a roeres omaeroc s caoc rneraa ocn rs se asren. ruruesesrue acaons wceveraeamer-roo eeereerwc maeneorm o aoccan an an ancee oo.-- u ennoerrsemnen aroeecme.nneenwereaen, moecmcearn n eonerse,s w arec “ensor rseee”rreeoore asen an c eonmmorseemeno oer aoocwcsan we enres, wc are no enorse aresreare. ca enorsemenoc eer n smar conrac execuae coeo sec enorsersor an enrneorm o a se o seceoesna are necessaror enorsemen.en a cen sense enroeeers e enres eneer e anorsemenoc,e enrs execueo vaaee enr.er vaaon, o enorse en orernasen wc a consensusroocorouces an orere seuence erorm aoonr ceases u arr neou conee cnonmo em suo enc nsceas.oan m enuese n ooese oocecreann sesse cman. run “ onnoee” s mamae consca server.oes arerouenrusomans an are assocae woca enesa cenro noeemn varous was.oes mancueerenes, suc as a cen or sumn- roo, wc sums an enr-nvocaono an enorsere..,eer, anroacass enr casaso an orern servcee.., orern noe.noere o noes aeer noe, wcene rerc oeveo cen sume enres, comme enres an manan a sae an a co oe noe or orercercsa an no ener ruesn.nneerse ca cnom amsounacvaeone se rrovece oo arn a en noorseesr. ann w orcernm-seemrvecne- aeveruaranee, suc as aroacas s comm o eac oeeer noesne ssem wen enano encrcesa ann en mron a wor sae oeoccan.e wor sae can consue eers a, w secuen ncoerm,aamnecr-ureesss conro an seunormaon. occan.aeransons ma resurom smara cnonr recor o a saeransons o a enres sume arcanarese.., cen noace execuae coenvocaons.e., eer noes, ec..n enr ma resun a se o as s, orern noes, enorser noes,eer as one or more oerans, suc as creaes,see-vauearsen commeoencues aoccanaso reerreo as a can, w uca seos,reeees, anee.eeernocs.eeer asoncues a saeaaase, wcs m anammuae, seuence recor occan.eresca oneeerer canne.aceer nnoaens m aan curren sae oeeeror eac canne o wce a ans a co oe cans an enro srurceu ar meem aer. seuence o enres weres euao orresaears-neocs, an eacoc conans a oeocs’ enres, as we as aas oerorocan’s onee.aeoceaerncues aaseer mae seuence an croracaneoeer.erc.conrns wa,, as enres oneamer weeereersenasa e wverou enrreane noosseo occanoc r asns.as o a mos recen ae e oenree canaas comeeore, manosse ancee oo.-- oee ernsurea aeer noes aren a conssen anruse sae.e can mae sore on a on n noauere oe ssem.e.,oca, aace sorae, cou, ec., ecen suorne aen- a e ceurreonc scaaen o woreomam.uaeeer reresenseaes vauesor aesaore an ccuaene can enro.ncee curren sae reresenseaese vauesnownnvocaonnne,s somemes reerreo as a wor sae.mar conrac execuae coe conrac exsec euxecue enres aanse curren saeaa oeeer.o maeese smar saeaaase.aee s coaeeanaeraacons ecen,eaes vaues oees mae soren a canereoree reeneraerosme mae caen sm a annexe vewnoe can’s enro an recovereorenerae neee uoneer no ane smae.e saeaaase ma auomacae cenra soraeouc rcaaenr asecenerreanzero,mm amruaaeo,nr aau n sa an eacuareseeor sone en raares e, we are ereo a nccc oce esaen.s no an caneso recorsne sorae.omeroeresa arenerennoccan m anus w sacre coenramcs,e smeceunreoccanncue,u are nomeo, anmmuaeeer, smar xam,er emvaco,ecenrazaon, consensus, enorsemen, access , anee. as aeoe vecem.enors exraomve a servceo aarcuar vece anor a userroe o a vece owne anoerar.ee v,e a ucseer m maaee owner o a vece ore oeraor servce nees ma reure auorzaoneor reure servce a cerannervas, ane servce ceners ma oer servceso vecesenermne servcesoe receve.so, rouean an a reaveeve o servce reur a near areaase one vece’s curren mnor, ec..e vece nees mae monoremense..,mmeae, severe,nermeae, cameras, wc reor senseaao a e va one or more vece anor roa sensors or e vece.saasorwareo a m ceannarae conroer comuerevcen anor aarrom eocae on one or more oeneror oemen serveror revew an acon. sensor ma oec aarromeransor, an on anoerrraansor,e exeror oeransor, on axe asoe assocae weransor’s see,enrasorroxmaeeransor.e sensor ma ueeves, servce nees,eear-sn oensor’sran,eransor’s acceeraon, sensor, asescreeren, ma asoe areavnsor,eransor’s seern, anee. roxmaeoeransor.so, sensornormaon mce, suc as a wreessevcen anors oeran sae an weer an occuanas enaaeen u asne uonexenec weere vece suc asurn a vece access anor uzaonero.ecenormaeo vne coce conons, urn anor aer a vece’s oeraon maeene an soren aranescaceone oonre a, saresrueeer, wc maeeereenerae an commeoemmuaeeer as ancee oo.-- veae armoncecan a mermssonrann consorum, anusn a “ecenraze” manner, suc as exosure oarcvane eemrneser ores maaorrou n, an.e.., oewreneorr,e useer, coocmcanan, aenc, ec. ma wanome manaeermssonsor eacarcuar user veceroe. an ssmmua cane useo rove comensaon,uan a userroe scoreranrmear conrac mae useo ermssons,eermne wen servces neee,en a cosovnew a, a vece even en a sae concern even,enaresoe even anrovensorreraaon even, enes seen accesso suc vece evenaa.so,e resus maeueono resere necessarnormaon cane sare amone resere comanes anorne, ane a consensus aroac assocae w eoccan.uc an aronacv cuoausase onmemene on araona cenrazeaa noe sensors as wearo auss marcvnnee sarsnenmsu oncoenanassea. ,n souon can uze soware, an arra o raar, urasonc sensors, ec.o creae a eecon an rann arroecors, navaon an oeruroses.n some ma oerran an roaa aransor can useor can asoe usen auonomous emomens,, mas, cameras, sensors anee servce va ane aunosmaane so anuoun ve cncc auueseesn n,cnac a ce oe o nr sacnem eamr. e.oorm exenams, aeu,rovrznn u ao veceor saon orueum maeerorme a vece oeraor or an auonomousrans a carn auorzaono receve care o or ane a rue maeerorme wou aneasrovee cuomomruznacons receve e servce anor carn saon. vece marove a roenaeono s ann aaccaroves anencaon o a veceaas a curren acve comensaon. oonuan meas auorzeo acce a servce, wc caneaer rece anoerener mae senarsoures mae useoroveurer auencaon, suc as suemeners auorme user’sevce wreessoe servce cenero reace or aona auorzaon eorzaon eoreweeneransor ane servce cener w an sneaaaasea sare an re.ceve mae soren aaaase, wc manansaan one oen a cen e..,aaase server anenera a onearcuarocaon.socaons a manrara comuer,or exame, aeso cenrarocessn un , a server, or mueme comuer.normaon sore on a cenrazeaaasesca accesserom esecaorerenons. cenrazeaaases easo manae, manan, an conro, aa reunancurso msensm oz seecu ars a sencause os sneocaon. n a cenrazeaaase, eee sreornace o aaa asomesa aven se o ancee oo.-- anaar oannsacaos onermar recor.occan mae useor sornransor-reaeaa suc as a mnns. cro oroceess aocr, aon ssenseosrc,r aneecerreonnc maonreoernorme, a one or morerocessors w or wou memor, wc maeocae on-oareransor aenao urn or, anee,ransorsuc as a server, comuer, moewreessevce, ec. o-oare ma communcae w oer memor anor oerroc .e one or morerocessorsransorso uzeaaen sen anoroeranessors on-oar or o-oar oer e oerrocessors can senaa, rec sor.e one or morerocessors an e aconsescre oreceereeveaa, an uzesaaoerorm one or more o accorno ex. usraes a newonr.aram o ar-reae evenrecon ssem, resourceroveame emomens. ssem mancue one or more veces, a wn an arear, an eecrcrover, arocessor, an one or moreocaons vece .eces mancue cars,rucs, recreaona veces, consrucon emosm, moorcces, moes,owerecces,rans, arcra, anee.n one veces.en,e re vece mae aeasaraowere eecrc ener.e., eecrc eecrcroveesorurce.rover mancue an en aroves resources oe roeec or exame, resources mancue nauraas, coa, nucearue, eecrca urc, w.n,e an eee.e eecrcrover mancue aoca or reona rover an convecrcrover ma receve resources rome resource srueo one or meorre aere raessourroces nor eecrc .er eecrc s . xmaee eecrca u ane areasncueocaons communcaonr wocessore resour mcearoveeremrne. a reesorurceeverssue exss rommac rom communcaons w e eecrcocroesvsor maeermne an eecrc eermne an aece area rom communcaons we eeercr.erocessor ma moreocaons wne area.na, as a resu oeermncn arover an one or exss,eermnne eecrcamac, aneermnn an r aesoeurceeverssue rocessor masac one or more vecesoocaons wne areace area,e , oncesace, maraveo one or moreocaons wne area. ane veroces vece eecrc oe one or moreoc ve . usr aonsn a vece-o-r oeraon. accorno exame emaes an examearam o ar-reae evenrecon ssem, maransorasseners aonmoern csa.ro ssem mancue one or more veces, wc ereorme oneocaono anoer.eces mancue ancee oo.-- onroece osrs morore ororc oesseorrs ve anc aessoroccaesesor m, aem naovraeovncesr,ocnescsuor,n a comum nuoncameo a vece , a sensorroces onrocessor, an comuers comem susnecmsor, an a co muae ence ou.ee a v seervceerroc.ee server mancue one or more .ervers mancue one or morerocessor an an ener sourcerocessor acaons anaa.n one emomen,e serverssors m an memorevcesor sorn manaemen orsruono an area, an eecrca u, aanee assoecae w eecrc reon, c,own, neoroo, orrou oocaons wnroxm. o eaec ar oeae mrae a emnoormne onr, c soenrnveecrseo m onae ore moocraee .n one a venc ae n cewarorn or s caoouns,. mna onee emaro omeen v,ecee ser, mancueeroc ver rocessore m sasemess e assoc mor aae as. wonc au soeur acne e oner a re ssoouurrcceeroc,es ssuocr.e ener source .e ener sourcerocessor ma aso ornseae asso as a resourcerover , suc as aoweran, a soararm, a wnarm, a nucecarae w an eecrcrover ac, anee.n one emomen, successuroucon e oner eecac, aroeecrc een on a su o nauraas resources vaenesoasrcaene ernaeorrs, w ma roeecrcurnes, nucearueo nucear reacors, soar enero soa aerournes.or exame,erecon o eecrcr conons mae arccanes, or wno wn roucon or mecancaroems weever o nauraas resoururae,u ere are ma norouce a neeeeve o eecrc. ona, nauraascreosver,se e mecrcr reureo wnerzeeracese eecrcrovers.ereore a nauraas resa noe aure maecuorecu aeo aece ource suc as eecrcr .eenence one weaer enerao wn.n an sun s unrecae an ma conrueo unoreseennerruonsn ener sau n one emomen,e vecerocessor maeermnee currenocaon an sauss o ano assoecae vece an maransm a nocaon oe currenocaon an currenocaon a server.n one emomen,e vecerocessor maeermnee e server manr sanasus eroca, suc as ever mnues.n anoer emomen, an saus.e reuesm ma a reuesoe vecerocessor orovee currenocaon su saus eransmeeroca orn resonseo a receve ener a sree arne ossn,e. a emusonemen,e currenocaon mancue one or more o coornaes,ncue one or more o a csusrr neanm ee,ec ar zccoe, anee.n one emomen,e saus ma eaer ceanacreee oeov.e- o-e vece, an amoun o eecrca c aare neee, asancerom a carn saon, a sceue assocae we vece or w usenr aseso acrae we vece, ameramee vece mae avaaeorave more oer vnea e o,n a cee emsan rooce cesmr soeo rnm s,ee a a vr seea, socc a aen eroe wcessoe or. er v maen communcaon w one or vecerocessors maen communcaon weeces, ane one or more oer oe oer vecerocessors maransm a cur server.n one emomen, eac oer veces n a smar manner ase veceren aocaon an saus or eac oe e server maee recen o currenocaon ann v secerocessor.ns wa, veces e.., a rear veceeeor ausness, veceasus or arou o reae rou o common-owne caroever veces, arou o ownae am memers, a vecesor xs, consrucon-reae rocessorn a c oonmea eamn mao, e nmc. ce. un,e aen s eenrever maransm a nocaonoe ener sourceransmen resonseoe serverr rec seu saus reues.e nocaon mae eecrca ener su.or exame,e sevnnormaon aou aoena even reaeo rover sana aene rear orrve ore ma receve an emarom a nauraas ucomnmerame, aex messaerom a wrorm o consrucons sceueor an an ucomn severe weaer evena maeaerrecon weserovn a warnn o emerenc servce oranzaona macowersruon, or a nocaonrom an ener avaa rom ar w anre a,oo, or oer naurasaser maner eecrca ener sun o sneau ems reoumesen,n, rees eonnesn re aroea. souerc eenerroces sosourrcero mcaessoreermn reece anv enne su saus anransere ener su sa er saus man us oe server.e ener su rove, cue one or more o an amoun o eecrca enere ener source ma amouns o ame ormeramee eecrca ener maerove, anncaon o varae amoun orac ee ocr eca ener , an one or more areasa mae aece ame e e serveecrrca e mnear rece.ve an ener su saus rom an numer o seercverrcaro mvaerseerm anne a ansso eceacerca ener sourcerocessors.n one emomen,e re mac on eecrceneraon ase one enceervem enaecr m sau ree sca auns amournom o on eeec orr mcaore en eenrer ov soerurcmee,ro sucecsso arss a re.e eecrca o norma eecrca ener over ameero.or exame, norma eecr ucon o averae osorca eecrca amouns. ca ener mae an eeraenece oo.-- enermanc one emomen,e server maeermne an area aecerome eecrca o one or more area.sn a onee emomen,e ener su saus mancue anncaon marove eecrca enece e eecrca enermac.or exame, ars ener source a secon ener source mraorocaons wn ars zcoe ororon o ars zcoe, an oron o a secon zcoe.oev ene eecrca eneroocaons wn a secon zcoe or eecrca enerromers enerer sou srcue, an saeus mancae a reucon o nn an accesse memorevce oers ener s server maave an assocaon sore su saus mancae a reucon o no euerccerc aan eneerrsro zcoe.e ener source, ane server maave an assocaon soren an acce me secon ener secon ener source ane secon zcoe.romsnormsasone memorevce oe eermneaocaons wners zcoe are aereaes rs o e,ecrec saer evner ma n one emomen,e server ma eross.orov sac one or more vecesoe area area.ee o vneece-o-r eecrca enerransero one or moreocaons wne am, ausne osrs, m ao cre v,e eces mae common owne an ene.., aome or eecrca ener .e secr.ve arn aeo sore anrove servceoocaonsn nee o one or more veces oraveo a moacaransm nocaonso vecerocessors oe emomen,e nocaon mancue onoen orr moxmaeoe area neen ener .n one , an amoun o eecrca eneroroveoore o an aress orocaon namene area ener, aescron o oer veces rovne enoecraono, aemeorovee eecrca numer, numer, veceescron,rver name, ec., a ocaone..,censeae n one emomen,e vecerocess nee. more or ma,n some cases, neeo oan avaa eee.crocra ex caareane vece corresonnoe vecerocessor as e vece om oea,n ae c vecerocessor ma communcae w a carerocessor o e vece oeermnuerr aenn a cmaorueeve oe vece an a navaonrocessor o usnessocaon were a carn saonn os eecrca care neeeoraveo aome ororoveoeocaonseceneraveocaoeoc. a reuese amoun o eecrca care reaeran a sum oe curren careeve oea veoncreoxmaeo area nocaon s care neeeoraveo aome orusnessocaon,e vec anee a mmoun o eecrca aona eecrca care.or exame,e vecerocessor maa re nueeesore oano a coses avaae carn saonro cons nav me navaonrocessor oe vece.e orea naovnarocoenssorroc measso er mear narvovaee vece oe coses avaae carn saon eeerreconso arver oe vece au anor aenece oo.-- avs eaa crae cae c on car anea un oe vece.e vece maenraveoe coses e saon an receve an amoun o eecrca care uo a maxmum amoun ooeocanar on oen aneo erme roo ve vmeec ane n, ame. ou vne oce eecrorcceasso crare maonsruecoe vece oraveocaon ane amoun o eecrca careorove mae caon.or exame,eraveoeocao secene nocaono n one enmrooxmmeanee area. ncue recevn a noc,eermnnessue exss we resourceever ma comarn aeve o aonrome resourcerover o ame resource su , resonseoe curre resource o areso, an none eecrcrover n or examene,ev ae na ourae raesso suurce.eeneowereso. varous reasons.owever, ., a resource ma somemesemeoreveoe eecrcrovesea ma no meana anssue exss.e resource accesse memorevcr ma neeoe comareo areeermnereson an acua cause aroemeoerocessor ore server o see sow enouo eowereeermnearesuos,essacne veces.e resource evesssue exss.e resource erocessor ore server maeermnea an e server maeerm eves aoveereeermnereso,erocessor or n anoer emnoemaen a,nsseue eeocersc no currorevn exs. resource e are recevnrome resource er ma comare aeve oeeve oe resource enroves aovreover an maeermnee curren reso.eeve oe resource e are recaeoreowe eecrcrover’s eowe eecrcrover’s reso,e eecvrnrome resourcerover s rocessor marove an ener su saus ocarover or ener source exss. e server ncana anssue sace vne ocnee emosomwe,n,e an meno an m aavaanceu cearenerm snanon an eecrceve o aoe avaae carn saono receve aona eecrc. ne area, anraven rocessor ma recevee nocaonoraveoe n one emomen,e vece curren careeve oe vece sow.e., mean area,u maeermneae e vecerocessor marece vece onroceeeo a ener mae avaae.o receve ao carn saonne area n onena em care,oeuo aueve. essue we resouorcemeen,veerermnne eecrcamac mancueeermnn ee wr exsor an ucomnmeero,eermnn an aenece oo.-- e reescourrccaeema annuren eecercmaeeemraon,. ann oeneer emmnonm aen,erenec reesoeuwrceeenroevsesure weranvsm a nocaonoerocesso ma ro r a ame amoun o resource mae meaoe ce eecrcrover or an ucomnmeero.e amoun o resource mae anaooonuvser.eo an amoun o eecrc e eecrcarover .e.e ma ca vare ammeou on oa, resmouerce aneman ocaons wne area eweenem maereoreee a oear, weaer, an oeracors.eerence . moun o eecrcmac cause e resource sorae meo man onnceu eemoeermmenn,ne eescsurec re msoara a o an ucomnmerame ane sace veces oe resoraon o eecrcon w aernee amrerame an nonenerruon evens are unanne an o unnownuraon ea. e man eecrc uraon.or exame, reacneecve resourc , some mae onown anxe rear-reae acves mae sce e-reae eumen or oer consrucon or merames exre,ower mae eueor a seccmerame on seccas.ncee aseoe arran ea s oenrvec eemomeen e,ecerecrmxnecneeo areea resoare w.e aece mancue reuesn a rover anesnan aoron oeeora na o wne eme aoecme,ase on eecrcosneoron oeeora. assocae we eec en,erocessor maranser a reueso arocessor mancue ae rcrover, suc ase ener sourcerocessor.e reues varous areas, neoraor servce e eecrcrover.eeora mancue eeora m oos,owns, vaes, ces, counes, anee.n one emomen, ouna ancue one or more roawas,aueonue measuremens, anor r eercers.e eecrcrover ma reveweme resources aneermne reues macesna mea an noe aeoe sueoe enreeora.e resonseoemac. area ororon oeeora a w exerencee eecrca e are recnev onne emorommen,e rees eecrcrover ma oaneeve oe resource resourceenrove s aoourcerover aneermnee curreneve oe rocessor ma receve an ave, a, oreowe eecrcrover’s reso.eranserrnoe eec moun oreve oe resource e resourcerover s e eecrcroverrc, arover.erocessor ma reues aresoeverom ener sourcerocessorn ma aroracessor assocae we eecrcrover e.., enesrerereso amounoerocessor.e aenece oo.-- roceossorere msao co rmecearveeer aommoune o ereeve oe resource rome resourcerover re crcrover. e amoun oreve oe osource sreaeranereso,erocessor maeermne a sucen amoun execee resoour occecsenrouce an a neavemacoer eecrc s no rocessor muar.ee amoun oreve oe resource sessanereso,e neavemacoeermne annsucen amoun oe resource senrouce an a vecesn m oane eamveor a cm e uree rnc en,rc eneer meeos ex ve maece eownco au o reccu eser. oerm annnre ac nu omneer osace oe numer o veces o oan aona eecrcrororave orn moroe veeces e server ma receve a currenocaon an saus rom eac o arou area. .e saus mancae a curren eecrca careeve, ane server o veces receve curren eecrca careeveso oan aoa curren eecr ma sume emomen, wene server eermnese area aece eca careeve.n one ,e server ma reues a neee amoun o eecrca ener eecrca enermac ener sourcerocessor.e server ma comaree neore arearome ener weoa curren eecrca careeve annaeoeae c amoun o eecrca rome veces snsuceno meee neee amoun o eeurren eecrca care maave areso soren an accesse memorevcecrca ener.e server acceaeeve o sore eecrca enern eac vece.n suaesnaes a mnmaosac on veces a are curren aoveeresoevce c oas eese,c maeeu werecn veces a are currenoweranereso o ereccrcooe arrea roceeo a carn saono oan aona s n one emomen,sacn eecrc care. eermnn veces roxmaee areae ve,ceeserorove eecrc mancue avn avaae eecrc, none suse oe vemcnens a suoseroc oee veces wne area, anrovne eoeocaons n one e avaae eecrcoeocaons. eac vece a nmomen,e server ma receverom eac vecerocessor o .rome curreocaon ancaese currenocaon an sausor eac vece aece e eecnrocaon,e server maeermne asance orroxmoe area coornaesor eaca enermac.or exame,e currenocaon mancue rom a rececver venc eaec ae vecerocessor n eac vece receves coornaeso coornaes voercee area s.oree sner avner access mae m ceommorareevcee. recoerv eexame, eeraenece oo.-- oer s eexravmere ma seec on veces wn ame orsanceroxmoe area. n, a onem eem orosmanence,roexm coue mnues or mes. careeve an a m server ma receve anncaon o a curren eecrca nocaon.eaxmumeve o eecrca carene curren saus anocaon vece s ae curren saus anocaon nocaon ma asoncue asancee maeer oravevene curren eecrca careeve.roms,e serverraveo amoncea weere vece as avaae eecrc suracn asanceo curren eecrcaon wne arearomesancee vece s aeoravevene memo careeve.eerences morean a numer soren an accesseessraevce,e vece maave avaae eecrc.eerences neave or avaane numer sorene accesse memorevce,e vece ma noave vecese eecrc.seermnaonrom eac vece ma resun on a suse oe nr oonxem emaeoem aerena,aven ser avvearae e meacrc. avaae eecrcoroceeoeocaons w nnoe aree suse o veces avn eecrcoeocaons wne area.eocaons recaev anrovee avaae ma connueo oerae een s on,owern seecee aea avaae eecrc an evces, anoree. nces,owern sace vne acnoeer emmos anm aenm,oune o m eeecorc maencsuaeceee vremncen a sceue o a e area,enn one or more oer veces aeorove eecrc, maroveo e one or more oer vece ansacn n one emomesn, woene a area. eermneaessan a avaae eec vercce m receves asac noce, ma vece .or exame, a sceue ma reaureranserreueo a sceue oe rveroccuano an aonmenocaon.e veceeroe vece oransore o eecrcoraveromeocaonorove ecessor maeermne an amoun aonmenocaon ma reucee amoun o avecrca enerne area, ane rocessor maransm a nocaon oe reuaae eecrca ener.e vece . ce amoun o eecrca eneroe server amoun o enec onreca em enoermene, veec seerver m maeermne aerenceeween an orna o eecrca ener,eerence re aroveoeocaon ane reuce amoun oer veces oeocaon wecn an amoun o eecrca eneroeroverom e currenocaon an saus rone area.n one emomen,e server ma revew emer oer veces noroxmaee area, an ma aenece oo.-- eern e coses veces oe area comarn coornaes, asurerscose coen.e server ma oan a curren avaae amoun o eecrcrom eac oe cumseus non-roxmae veces an maeermne arou o veces aave a ornave amoun o avaae eecrca ener aeas euaoeerenceeweene amoua amoun o eecrca enere vece maroveoeocaon ane reuce roxn o eecrca ener.e server maransm a nocaon oe seece non-ocamona we veces oraveoe area anrovee avaae eecrca careoe an vecenn av oanee a e amreaoromme.n v,ecee mseo mroaxmnaceuoe oe aarenan, se aenc avna vaeec eeescrca avmnoun avaae eecrc amoun aove arsreso an vece avaa aove a secon an re.so, ansacne seece veces orove eecrcoocaons wne area sureora exame, maeenecao vaae eac vece roxmaee areao mae urerssc eonsoeu eecrcoe useu an asooavee vece e avaae.seve o eren,e currenocaon an saus ma asoncue a curren eecrc eac vecee vece.e server ma comaree curren eecrceve receverom ec aen a comareo arsreso soren an accesse memorevce. eocaon wnvea aarea a maeeermne comarn an esmaemeoraveooeocaon maeeenrmnoerove ce avaae eecrc.e esmaemeoraveocaon aneocaonorovee aomarn coornaes oe vece’s curren emeorovee avaae eecvaae eecrca care, asurerscoseeren. eecrc amoun escare raerrcou m aa caerneermne mu ne avaae or exame,e esmaemeoraveoanera sasorn aeocaon wne area. mnues anemeorovee avaae eecrcs mnoume,s a,s weeocaons our.e vecerocessor ma comareeoame o oneoureoame mae one an accesse memorevcea mancae a nex aonmen o a sceue soren comarson,e vecerocessor maeermnee vecesours awa.roms erenceeweeneoame anemeo a nex aonmen aev.a.,aos euaoe avaa sreaerane seconresoe..,ours anereoreure. ve vece m arae consereoe a seece vece aeorove eecrcoocaonse wcene eeaermna.on one emomen,e vecerocessor maerorme avaa server.n aen servroerve meancsaaocn oee ve veccee ene cu avrraena eeec orr nco aveavea reeceovee eeraenece oo.-- orome e vaec vcece sreaeranersreso ane server recevesencaon or eac one e ones emen aco a emva veena,e. cese me, moa mcann ac nueeermnn an avaae eecrceve e area w an avaae eecrceve eee eecrc amoun a aocaon wn sacne suseoeocaon.orrom e a suse oesace veces, an secc veces w eecrc nees a one oxame, mae mos eceno mac a wa,e eecrc mae mos ecer more seccocaons wne area. . nsrueoocaons wne area mancnu onee a e cmurroenm eeenc,rce currenocaon an saus rom eac vecerocessor ore vece .e., aeveve oe vece anor an avaae eecrceve accounnor oeresnaoe o ener a maeoenaroveo aocaon carn saons, an a nse vece neesoraveo,ocaons o avaae maeermne an eec srcceu neee assoocra oene w or m onoere oro mcaoreon vse wce onccuea anresa.e seer.ver owa-ours or an mace neee eecrc amouno a suse oesa., veces.or exame,vesace veces maave avaae eecrcece owas , , , , an .e serve ves o numer osace veces r maen a ane eecrc nee oe avn a mnmareaer amoun o avaae eecrcoss even o oneou eneocaone.., .ereore,or an eecrceve o ,r,e, a server ma seece veces avn an avaae eecrc avn an avaae eecrcneve ooa avaae eecrc o , ore veces o .e server masace se,ece ve, acnes rooa avaae eecrc vecerocessors oe seece veces oroceeovn a nocaono rovee avaae eecrcoeocaon.ouere meaeoneneocaono wasoen an seec wc secc veces souroceeoeneaoce man server mancue oer creraor seecn secc veces, aons,eoroxmoeeneocaon, sceues assocae w secncunu nome carn saons c veces,roxmo ,.,ow, a .anrame asnee.c.ee areren, se suacra aes exam.es,u m.a,e.e sa,.,. emomens.n oe oeraonsn oneowaram coue aoeme oreren anoerowaram.o exame oeraonsneneome sue an sare w emomen or corresonn cam. c maer o an eeraenece oo.-- rom.,sm.ora,no. noe,a aeowarams an corresonnrocesseserve o a samerocess or ma sare su.-ro,cesse.s w, o.ne a,., an . maear comnaeno a snereerre emomenaoes non roeuerre anus manearams u wcerorms ceran oeraonsrom one examerocess a one secc oeraon aonarocesses. e examerocesses are reaeoe samnrom one or more e use searae orn esca ssem an can emomens.. e e newour rscraan coemsea a. rsersan esemorens nenwcourna arraam, accorno exame , as we as aransor ’ncun arocessorns’o.rernacnsun arocessor communcae w one anoer vaerocessors,’, as we as oeror esemen,’ sownncunranscevers,ransmers, recevers, sorae, sensor sno caae orovn communcaon.e communcaoneweenersa, an oer eemens can occurrec, va arvae anor auc neworno sown, or vnas oors, an ’ eemens comrsn one or more o arocessor, memor, an s erransors an sneransors anrocessors, aura oransors anrocoware.ouece as more oe acaons,eaures, ses, souons, ec essors maeresen.ne or uze anor .,escre anoreceeren mae .roveusraees ansan eemens. emomens.e newor comnroseerransor neworaram, accorno exame , as we as aransor ’sn eceumenns ancurn aransor ncun arocessor communcae w one anoer vaerocessorsoce,ssor’,’.eransors,’ sown,ncunranscevers,ransmers, receve as we as oer eemensno caae orovn communcaon.e com rs, sorae, sensors, an oer eemens can occurrec, va arvae anor aucm nuencaoneweeneransors, an ’ eemens comrsn one or more o aroc worno sown, or va oerransors an ’ canurer communcae w on essor, memor, an soware.erocessors, , wreessevce,aaasee o,r m mooree eemens ncun sensor, wreevce evce, an voce acaon.erocessoornse,,ra'n csanorur, comuer, eemens comrsn one or more o arocessor, memor, an er communcae w ouece as sneransors,r soware.rans ocessors an eemens, aura o anororrso,mr aonces osorse anro eceesmsoenrss ma,e’r aensen e.emneonrmsaon. oorr co exmammunec,aeon m coan oeccuornoe an ac maon, mroaveurneorrmarovoneoeenroocessor, wc manaeeransor oae ermeraon or aonanormaonoerocessor’, aenece oo.-- w aco mnanaeeransor’oae an acon, maurerroveenormaon or or morea onoer amaocnoe moeone,eransor, anore comuer.ne e uze an aons,eaures, ses, souons, ec.,escre anoreceeren ma emomens..orrov e newuse orrae csomee r an sns eoan s eeer ee mream nnesn sos nr. cu nenwo arranasroam, accorno exame non-ransor comuer reaae meum .erocessor, arocessor, an a e comuer reaae meum an eemens wcr weres ceomcmeuncna coueoransor coue aransor, server, or anevce w arocessor an m ..e resourceeveerrooce asnso erecrcerorormvse orne or, moereerm onneer amn enencr acnmsse aum ceor , ex. asses w on ae vsesueceso,roevermnn an areaa we aece e eecrcmac , ansacn emomens..e eec e newur osc rra ceo osm aoca rusron eses er w emraennsn sore a nc nre ueawnor. araansraom, accorno exame non-ransor comuer reaae meum .erocessorr arocessor, an a e comuer reaae meum an eemens wc weres ceomcmeuncna c.oueoransor coue aransor, server or anevce w arocessor an mem .e rover o aemroceess roersourcee sruorms, o cnoem ora mrnore a oe revceev on ae n roesoucraceonor aoomr. ree resource none eecrcrovern resonseoe curreneve oe resourceeso, an reso ,eermnnessue we resourceever w exsor an uncomenowme ero,eermnn an eecrcaemanu e e rnemeero, aneermnn aerence servwecenessue we resource ane eecrcaeman , reuesn aeora wee aecee, eeacsrec orover anesnan aoron oeeora ase areaa vecesroxmaee arnea e,ecerercmnosneoron oeeora ,eermnn none suse oe vecesonroce ae suose oe vecesavn avaae eecrc, avaae eecrcoeocaons , oanne aonca avons wne area, anrovne avaa rom vecesroxmaeoe area, seecnaae eecrc amoun an vece amoun aove arsreso an vece avaa ao vvecesavn an avaae eecrc e seece vecesorove eecrcoocaons wen a seeconreso, ansacn avaae eecrceveor eac oesace veces, a mreaacn, aneermnn an amoun a aocaon wne area w an avaae eecrcever aom nee ae eecrc sace veces, ansacne s suse oe eeurseoeocaon . aenece oo.-- emomens. usraese aurerransor neworaram, accorno exameo oerrans.oreserrno.,e neworaram ncues aransor conneceransors an’’ an mao r an uae server noe over aoccan newor .e ave aeer or sorn soewreasenransorsveces.eoccan newor ma oruure usee..,or an au.re uae vaaonaa an a source oe vaaon e conneceeos exameescresnea on oneransor, mue suc noes ma aona comoneenso acncaan s. soue unersooaeransor mancue moe wouearnromo ame oe comonensescreeren mae remove anor comunevce or a server c scoe oensan acaon.eransor maave a e a semconucor-aseomuer, oree, an mancue arocessor, wc ma seccnerae cr mcrorocessor, a cenrarocessn un , an acaon- arwareevce.ocuu a sn,e aroe-rorammaeae arra , anor anoerransor mancue muerocecsessosrosr sece, soue unersooae e scoe oensan acaon.erans,o mrue c cores, oree wouearnrom w arocessor a oue aransor, server or anevce eronce memor. one o ssor erorms one or more o recevn a conrmaon o an evenrom occra mnor ceon eseenmseunssewesecerneeer osr reeresceeneeren an, w oereen eemee cnonsrmao ann c eoxmecursens a smar conraco recore conrmaon on aoccan-ase oneoccan co a .onsensussormeeween one or more o an eemen anor annsensus escre oreceeren,ncun aransor, a server, a wreesse eemen exame,eransor cane one or more o an eemen an vce, ec.n anoer oreceeren,ncun a server, a wreessevce, or an eemenescre erocessors anor comuer r ec.nener eaae meum mau orara rese meumor o mra exereoru o oreraarnsaors.eroerm sees or anea ourese sorene comuer reaae an ore rocessors anor eemensn erormer. a aona, one or more ses oreaures mae ae, ome, comne, eeme .aermue,s erac.es aaram ecne eecrcaon o one or more mons.n one exame, aransor maroveower sorensaereso one or ere e eecemens,ncun oerransors, carn saons, an eecrcrs. coueroc onre osr mores oare coeuraenso one or more oe carn saons, wc mae eoerrs.s conuraon aowsesruon o aenece oo.-- e oecerrcraower receveromeransor.eransor ma asonerac we ceuar,ns-or,s an, suc as vaeceoece ecnoo, communcaon over oerransors,ee ce.arneransor ma asonerac wreess anor wre w exame,eransor s roue soar roonusesse annor w e eecrcrs .n one rs ,e carn saons , ore oe ar saraens anor escen manneroe eecrc emomens oensan souon,eransor canrove ener.osn one or more eemenseceerenn varous avanaeous was asescre one or more oe urer,e sae an ecenc oeransor maencrease, an ane eoreceeren. osve aece asescr nvronmen mae eerm 'ener'e ma anoreceeren. sare, anoros erane useoenoe anorm o ener receve, sore, use, voae source anor a currsors.e ener mae reerreon conuncon w a urn a careuse oeraone.nn seur m o careroverom an enoeransors use w arransor or va aernaave asoeneorm oossuesor exame,or ase, nce-ase,roenue ces, aomower sources,ncunu nomeoum- an enerenerae on-e-u cnucear ener,uson-ase ener sources, orecreasn one or mo rn an ener sarn anor usae oeraonorncreasn n one examree,ranse corasr enner saeovnes a a mavneanesme. romeransor sucaeres sucen care remae amoun o enerranserre a aesnaon.n one exame, a wreess connecon nnneransor o arrve enerransereweenransors, werenes useo wreessrec an amoun o emomen, wreess carn ma occur va axeransors maoen moon.n one anmen w one anoersuc as a carn ma cnar aera anaeres oeransorn exame, ane vece, suc as a vece wc maraee a ouronarn sace.n one rove an amoun o enero a carn saon an reurnoeo omrousnasoreceo exame,s ornaocaon or aerenesnaon.n one exame, a moecaonor unno sowns useo coec surus enerrom aeas one oerra ener soraeransere sore surus ener a a carn saon.n one exame,aconsor an amoun o eneroransero a carn saon, suc assance,merseermne an conons, roa conons, envronmenaweaer conons,e , as we asrac ec., an occuans sceue we uzne vece, aros vecevcee’s cononwe, wanore vece, ec.n one exame,eransors ,e c oarccunans sceue anore eecrcrs canrove eneroeransor. saons eeraenece oo.-- ece, conm omnuen ecmaomen, aocaon suc as aun, a resence, oreeno anore carn sao cnosue.ooe o rnaee or o m eoree oe eecrcr ,eransor,ransor,e oerransors s moec,rceenown on oen o er more oeocaon,e weaer.or exame, wene exernaemeraures exre xerna conons, suc as e canceor an ouae o eecrc,eow o eecrcmeo a coon or exreme co, rasn soweoe mnmzee canceo nece vece s n one exame,e sour aonns ouease. eermneoa eecs oneransor anorcree ss anem,eocreeren cane uzeo anore ssemase onuure nees anorrores, anroovvee enneroeransor aaraus conann a moue an a vece aownerocessor oe aeaenceeween an communcae w a vece rearn an amoun o ener soren aaerr oanuso wreess one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorove careo aocaonrome a vece.n ase onacors suc aseemeraure aeocaon,e cos oe ener, aneransoworeve aeocaon.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo manae an amouner ener remannn aransor aer aoron o sa oe careaseenranserreo a carn amoounn. on e onnee exame,e souons can asoe uzeo no a veceorove an ase onersancreomaeres oneransor, werene amoun o eneroransers n one exam oee,raen ssoouroons a c mano auseooe re ucevzee ener. a uses aeermneaoraveoransors we exceoss us ee a moe ener sorae un enernoe eecrcr.n one exame,e souons can ansoere u anzeose sore cror oeransor’seermnaon oe neeorove eneror aneoeeroerrmn oe a a cuurrrreenn c naereo, o or uecormannso cra,r sou.cn a osne eexamrore, oe so auaossnesn caenr a osro ueco umnzeaosseenerer, or a wen a vecese,e veceeceso ma mne en neuvero aocaonoscare excess aseoroe enerr,en reurnoerevousocaon.n one exame,e souons canransoer u wze neoeermne an amoun o ener neee aransororove anoer conons sucee ener varansororansor enerranserase on one or moren anoe as weaer,rac, roa conons, car conons, an occuans anoroos ener.nr onransor, annsruceransoro roueo anoerransor anrovee moono ane exame,e souons can asoe uzeoranser enerrom one vecen ener aoraer vecen moon.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo rereve w anoerrnasnsoror,aserov one an a e sxervene ener eransoro reac a meenocaon eceer, an an esmae exene enero reurno an aenece oo.-- orsnaocaon.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorove a remannoaence neeeo a carn saon ane carn saonoeermne an amoun o ener reman rereveromeransor werene amoun o care remannsase ones cnsance.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo manae aransora vao anc wurrreen con cneacreon an m aonreoearn orannesoorn v sam au wanreeoeusss c,o snuncec aosn.on a on cea erxan saon souons can asoe uzeo a aroroesensn o eneroransorms wee,ree arorucs avenooseransorsa wrov n en s e aoron oer sore careo anoerransors.ns a on rn e eeec co enmrc aor ram, nse an r or,es sr aae rnn esceo, or a sesne a m aane. serve a ms maoe uze asreconane sun o eecrcaoweroer anor reuceee mowcreor crosa can asss ers sresse.reconaransorsncororaerecona carn,nsumon weno recevn a careoeransor,eransor canae enerromeran wcn aon e eneracnoer , oerwse reerreo as “”.nreconsaor c aanr “nus” e aecrcowso wasoeransor anromeransor.en aransors car,ee, maernaener courrmreen eecrcromer s convereorec curren .s . one or more oeransor’s own converer or a converer one carer ere. eneer e soreneransor’saeres mae senn an oosereconaco carer, oneerrwses r convererom o rou a converer usuaocaene escre anece weer rreo as arecona carer.urer,ensan souon as ssems. eseco. cane uzens an oer newors anornsan souon. mas ae saoreram an soowr enxecnerconneconseweeneren eemens.e comunevces',',',',ue', en'r,e o',rara on anor one or more varous enes, a communca coue ann commun'c,aon’ an ' assocae w aaase s communca coueoe newor an aowsor we sor aae ne anwo rr . aa.n one exame,eaaases anmmuaeeer.ne or more oe varereva o mae aransor, one or more servcerover, one or moreuc ous enes or moreracnrasrucure, one or more resenawensu,n ans ee, one rccesa,r sunc s asa onoen or m,o are mcrrvoaeo unseers us, ann ao crc ev srm anaroeorneranso,r aao.er, e ann auesm aennor reaensaenvc seo, au vornu.a reea smar evce, ano e w r an wearaeevce ma asonerwor eoenre,ao ,e mcroone, an oer aenece oo.-- ev',ces m',ae conneceo one or more oe connece comunevces',',', varous aence',s.e', one' o,r mo’r, an '.e one or moreucuns mancue one or more servcerovere maunccuue anesae ma uze a comunevce'.e or oer rear so.e one or more servce rs, aowruc servce, a coson cener '.ese varous comuerevces maerovrecer an mora uze a comun aaraus anoer, suc as va wre newors, wreess newors,occ communca coueo one mcroone mae uze as a vrua asssan,n one examane n.enw oors, anee.e moreracnrasrucure mancue one or morerac snas,ne o exame,e one orncun one or more cameras, vece see sensors orra ne or more sensorsnrasrucure.e one or moreracnrasrucure ma c sensors, anor oerrac n one exame, aransor canransor u aezreso an c,o amn ounec,evce'. oremorar axe aaraus, a aermanen commu nee.n one exame,eransor ma eacrannscaoer w'r aannsor va communcaonroue comuers assocae w ee.eransor ' an m maaee a reerreo as aransor, car, vece, auomoe, an sors u vece, aruc, aus, a van se-roee weee conveance, suc as a car, aransor.or exame,ransor , o mra oere moor oraer-rven orue ce-rven roenue ce vece, au-nr vece, or a ann e oecrerc vee oce v,e ar vece, a sac, a moor, anor aeneraor.er exames o vecesncueccecse, s w aue ce anes,oas, an an oerorm o conveanceas caae oransor cooers,rans, mae sem-auonomous or auonomous.or exame,ransoraon. mearansor maneuvern an navae wouumannu.n auonomous vece maave an usee se- or more sensors anor a navaon one n one exame,e s unorve auonomous. eermne an accesso aransor voau coonnsescre aneceeren cane uzeo asoe uzeoerormroe vaaseonnsuse ooccan.n one exame,e souons can one exame,e souons can asoe uzeore aown an occuano use aransor.n veran anoer exame, ec. on orromeoranasveeransorncaevsua,u aso a couere-recore an verase cororreco ar an acone user neesoerorm can asoe uzeorove an a oor aransorocoene.rmn onne exame,e souons assocae waa anrvn envronmen,owourcaeeaea, anases ornue rseve o aeurcaeaa w aower rseveurn a saervn envronmen,oee o accuoranon, onccuaaenr aserruen occ au raenmanasneaorreon oeurcaeaa, w aer rseve,oe eereransor.n one exame,e souons can asoe aenece oo.-- ue uzsee ooaneeranser o a vece acrossounaressuc as a counrsaeec.rou noc oncea en anor smar conracs an a e rues oe new areaoe vece. oerae ouse aoxuame,e souons can asoe uzeo aow aransoro connueo oeransor an cnarar wen a consensuss reace eransorase one oeraon can asoe uzeoacerscs o an occuan oeransor.n one exame,e souons ee, an seer aencaonzeee arvanaaeaa uoaownoa see o aransor, sze o comee aaa uoaownoas anor asssranve an secoeermneesance neeeo uoaownoaoe execue.n one exame,e souuornes c aarneaounaroreaa normaanerous maneuvern a sae manner, suc as we asoe uzeoerorm as ucomn an weneransors seemn norearenoe e sxseme.eermnesa an ex orraven a a seeas no conucveo mane ucomn ex a.n,nnsencorrecaneransor as we as oerroxmaeransorso aowe suecransororu ecxe suec manner.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo use one or more v n a sae anoscs o anoerransor weoe one or more veces ane oeercraenso vaae moon. sor aren anme ona oneo e exameren,orem s aonu ococnusa cnan o as aoraens uorze ororeceecearnanes usoareo a re acomocmaeon or no recommen aane cane.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo emnn e neeo sennormaonroue ma ane n ae man aam eeor arveroccuano reson uzeorovene a serorue ma ornerson.n one exame,e souons can asoe on a suscron an wvceo an occuan o aransor, werene servcerovesase roe oe occuan.nereneermssons acurerom oerransors conneceoe conon o a rene o oence. exame,e souons can asoe uzeo recor canesne occan consensusrom oernr one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo see a exame,e souons can asoea unszorsa arenroxmo aamaeransor.n one en server,romeran eo receve mea,rom a server suc as annsurance accesses one or more mesor comuer, wc mae reaeo an accen.e server assessmen ono aoccaaneso accesseamaeoeransor an soreseamae consensusoeermnee sev.en one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo oan a e even reaeo aran r o an evenrom severaevces over varousmeseore evenceon one examse,or.e souons can asoe uzeo sove aroem wou veo eransorrnravnosvoer-rneaee ac acccenen, rs.e curren souoneaseuern o mea, eeeareoe accenrom oerransorsa maave aenece oo.-- reae cnn osroroxmaeo e accen.n one exame, e souons can asoe uze o uze re srsec an oerevcesor exame, aeesran’s ce one, a sree camera, ec.oransorsnc na ovnoer a eo nxnasm o owe a a,am r aea saoe nur eroa onn uss s co aar rn. ea a ansoore e uvenz,e ao warn an occuan wen a occuans or a cenra conroer o aoena anerous areownor aransoro no roue.n one exame,e souons can asoe uz a on or neare currenransor rae o see, aeas one oerransors useeo aoseec wen aransorraven a a manner a mnma aecsrac.n one exame,sse sno suowonn owneransorn a en aanerousrvn suaon were meas caure se c vaenc aesonveo uveze o anerousrvn suaon. eoences e ne rvn sase ase onesance o eanerous esas seuaeoone,nc aen.n a onona meas caure aeas one oer vece w n e one or more occuans o ae exame,e souons can asoe uzeo sen a nocaono on a roa,en aransorr caronsor a aransors aroacn arac conro marn near ransors.n one ex sses a marn, recevnncaons ooorrvnrom oer,noerae n ceran emamoem,ene souons can asoe uzeo mae aransorara vece,mn seeo a maxmum,s a,nm aonwn se oen, amvnene a oe near anoer meero. numer o mes aowe er soware una oense eoxa cmorreec,ess suoesu wons c aanra anssoore u wezneoe orvercome a neeor reance on correc. rou oservn oerransors on a roue, a saenrsors no en oerae oena mu e oerransors oservn an unsae orncorrevcer w receveaarom rou anass,ese oservaons ma resun a nocaonoe oreraon o aransor. sues an unsae orncorrec oeraon.n one exame,e souo ansor weneaa no eween aransor an aoena anerous suaonnvonvsn can a aesoe uzeo eransor.n one exame,e souons can asoe uze o sen aarsoon a exernao evces eer assocae w an accen w aransor, orevcesroxmaeoe server ase one sever o e accen or near accen,e server noese sener accen. n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorove recommenaonsors o o eaa.ransoro eer arver or occuan o aransorase oneaa anass.n oneeran a e souons can asoe uzeo esas aeoence assocae w a sca sruc exuarme, eermneamen resons o eransor e an uz .n one exame, e souons can asoe eoecaoon co aonrn aaerooes aeuuroe sroa o a vece a aocaon usn o e curren sae a eee ursn navaonesnaons o oer veces.n one aenece oo.-- exeamroe, oe souons can asoe uzeo coornaee a o auomaca arraneor n o o an vee excame ae a,ocea soonu suocns as c aransor rena en. ocaonase on a user’s even.oreaan asoe uzeo moveransoro anoer moeseransoroe moveroxmarecuoar,e ssemracs a user’sevce an even or a moe even.n one exame,e soue user uone concuson oe orna vaaon o avaaeocaons wn an arearouonse ca enx assoe uzeo aowore e aroxmaeme wen aocaon mae vacaes asoeenrmnransors wne area. rome exsnransors.n one exame,e souons can asease on vercaonsransoro coserarn saces as oneecomes avaae ane eoae uzeo move a arnsessane averae evenme.urermore, movneransseome sncena sace wene evens comee or accorno aocaon o aevce assorco anaarn one occuan oeransor.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeae w aeas arneoree ucomn crow.e s oanore s semneracs w eransoro oer some oenrv acerso ar aessanurce anorueeransoro aernavearnocaonsase n o onee erxansor,ncreasn omzaon oearn suaoneore arrvn.ransors oreermnaeme,e souons can asoe uzeo seracona ownersn souons can asoe urzecno an avaa n re-sarn acaons.n one exame,e weeon was curren avraove accurae anme reors oeaers saes acves aow aeaerso reues an asseae.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeos oaneeore an asses move. overeoccan. usneoccan, a consensus enae overeoccan.n one examonae,,erocesss auomae, anamen ma areemensa are mae w mue enessuce a ssouons can asoe uzeo arrane acure an an aconerormesuc as servce ceners weren a consensuss uzeo assocaeaes w muaen uossecs.n one exame,e souons can asoe an a secon users a resonsearorers.rs user maeeransor oeraor, wereeroxm oeess vaae aarannssore.oesees are auorze a server exame,e souons can asoe uzeoeermnecaon o a servcerover.n one esnaon.ne or more servceocaons areoc a neee servce on aransor o wn an area on roueoeesnaon anaeasa av canrovee neee servceas navaon oeransors uae weeermnea searvceoocaerorme servce.e enea conans a comensaon vaueore servce, an aoon. smar conracs soren asrueeeroreransacon. ccanransacons eeraenece oo.-- ransorn one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoneracn a servcerover e one wres aoroe o an occuan o aransoroeermne servces anoos wc ma occuan’sso occuansn aransor.ese servces anoos areeermne an roverranr anorreerences.eransoren receves oersrome servce one examsor an,n anoer exame, meeseransororovee servceoo.n servce oeer,oe souons can asoe uzeoeec aransor wn a rane an sen a areemens maeeransorsuc as a manenance oer, arouc oer, oree.n ssemoroveee awerene ssem aneransor, an a servcerovers seece e or moreranso eemen.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo assn onerac.e roars as a roawa manaer, weree roawa manaer assssn conron sounso assswnae manaer maenerae a roawancaorsuc ass,sas, an rver o aransorow a oerac.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo aer anersecon.e aers sen uvonce a,n w eereneevce maeerac or near an eron o as oransorsoes nov men, suc as wen a urnsreen, aneransorn eemensn one. es anoerocovae.ram sownnerconneconseweeneren eanoerwxasmeneown a.s anrannsooarnmsresene anncues s,, an as an emee ssemn auomove eecernoncsse cmonro.nn onecrcaonron ssems or sussemsn aransor. s mancueu are noe omr meore oe eecrca o aransor’s enne,rae ssem,earox ssem,oorocs,asoe manaemennoanmen ssem, eecroncerena, an acve susenson. soar, ara ssem,ransor’s us.e s ma aso communcae w aranso arre c coomnnueceeoe e us.eransor’srocessorssensorssuc aseransor comuerr c vana cnomermuncae w exerna eemens, suc as a server va a newor suc ase securne.oaccenese,rmss, aenroceean ma conans own securoc.e exame,e securoc maearasses oa cane execueneroer conex.n one s,, aneanr m enare eacronvcuee an cuesormans secourr comuuer. eeermmeneo rune.nonnex au-aosreze auroorczeasseosn an conexs wn wcoseroncecssoensa are a oeermne va arocess cane execue asowesranssoro’s maonnarone srecurreea oeerawoon anreven unauorze accessrom eemens sucs u r us.en an encouners arocessa enraeun coornzeex,soaeerm cnaen woecererocessrom oeran.uomove s can use e aerrocesss oeran wnsermeouns, suc aenece oo.-- arsaecroxm conexs suc as near oecs,sanceo aroacn oecs, see, an weeorr reeaveo oer movn oecs, an oeraona conexs suc as anncaon o user-reae croannsexosr susc m aosvnev ocresa cronene,ceeroanseorra’nss courrre vna s wereee,sseroraoncsomss,s uson sae,noanmen, cruse conro,arn asss,rvn asss,ocaon-ase conexs e oe conexs. , anor oerransorarn oane exnaomerae,ee soun coenrsanes ecre aneceeren cane uzeo mae a e near anoe momens,mn see,mne a o mes aowere vrecmee,emron.n seeo a maxmum, an aown on aven numer o occanoacaee excane on oe v eexamcee,e souons can asoe uzeo use a evces eer assocae w an accen w aroassesson werenaas seno a server ase one sever oe accen or near accnsor, orevcesroxmaeoe accen. n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoen,e server noese seners oeaa. weneransorsnvoven an accen a seerveransoro avo accens, suc as roxmaeoe accen.e server seeso oanaaerraueres oerransorsa are servero unersane naure oe accenrom mueom ve oerransors, aowne souons can asoe uzeoeermnea sounsrom aarnaaeons.n one exame,e aa reaeoe souns an aosse sourceocaono an sseror are aca anransm eermneosse causes an avo aoenaanerous suaver werene server can souons can asoe uzeo esas aocaonounar vae sosn.emn one exame,envoven an accen.sounarsase oneces assocae w wen aera ancscores umea conenor aevce wneounar n. unersanne sce s oaneo asssnurer assocae a vece wnar ao oe accen.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoocaon oe accen.ne a ccacuerne,en caure mea oane evcesroxmaeoe seno anoer comunevce wc meuass a sa sve as a mea semen.e mea semens w asssn unersann moreeas surrounonuner aoe oe accen.s sounroe n one exame,e souons can as ccen. v oe uzeo uze sensorso recor auo, comeoes, mno coonn,a ecc o.ro m raeco crom aen anre cao wnaecre w ao aennoaer evreannsoars ocwcurree m,o svucn a osra arreans,or ssem cauresaarome sensors wc ma rese on one or more oeransors ae onxe or moe oecs.n one exame, norr e souons can asoe uzeoeermnea a uarnsnor araanssoeern evaemna ane com usanrn sensoraaoen a new conon oeransor eere conono aransor cononroe, man aenece oo.-- aosesrmeenoa sae an secure caure crcaaarom aransoras aouoe enaen weneran e ns ovne oen r, e.x vaam onee, or meo soreu seonnssor csa,na assoeerem unezeao wsar an orcocaucanns o o aransor a one-wa roaencorrec wa.eransoras sensorscamerasma ronown ssem oe curren souon.e ssemnowseeoracocaons one ornace-n we e ssem ma au norme occuans, “roacn a one-wa sree,”orw ea srees. ouneon eoxmamouse v,eece so ouwnoenrss coa mno a xame.n a nseozee ueazeaoer a veowcee senrsaonrsso coreoc aen saor,e, aown anncenveor vece ownerso crean r sareeraa anrove enes w aonaaa owonuers, e wc.comroveeerormance ouure veces,rove servcesoe vece vece'seanur oense ac ecxoarmne,oee so acuoonns o cane v aesocee o uverz aeeroo e oermnec.rena osene o erxaemcrease a souons can asoe uzeo assn aracona ownerso aransor.ensorae,eo one or moreransors an aevceroxmaeoeransor are useoeea reae conon oeransor.eracona owners oeransorseermneaserm onne a conon, an a newransor resons srove.n one exame,e souons can ae e uzeoroveaao a reacemenun c so suver a omonen, wereneaa aemso non-suvn auorzeuncona oe reacemenun comonen, an resonsveo a auorzeersuonnc oonae o auorzeuncona,ermn, e comonen, use oe ensurean an on oecc euxamane s,e oue re soauce eom nnsen a cau rnan asson ore c an uomzo oenen ro. ar oocvcueannvo rueaacs ae aa o esnaon.urer,e ssem ensures arver a non-auonomousrans rcuar occuans are auorzeonerac we occuan.so,cus,ro-osor anor oer noe. oe aove are soren anmmuaeason on aoccan.n o anneocaon are souons can asoe uzeoeermnee caracerscs o arver va an a exame,e se an oer eemensoae aconervers norvnn a norma mnaannsesr orvn mannern wcerverasrevousrvenn aarcuar conon,or exa, suc as a ea, a n,ne ran,ne snow, ec.urer,e arues oeransor arme aesournno accoun.ruesncue weaer, aen e weereea s are on, weer navaons souno unsse c,an a a sen use,e voume o meaenae, ec.n one exame,e emsnseesroanseo ur szeno noa occuansn aransor o aanerous suaon wen eee orccuans ma noe aware oeanerous suaon. aenece oo.-- rasxne one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo moun caraonevces on a ausa o a vece, werene varous sensors oneransor can auomaca se- acuaseeec oen. wna one soueeece e caraonevces as comareo was consensusrom a exame,e souons can asoe uzeo use aoccano reurenorm ura o servce ceners wen aransor neen servce sens mauncon seaon aown remoeanoscuncona weren a consensuss reurerom oer s eerrvvccee c ceenneerrs m ona w sean a seeve mrauncresono secsuroreeveaoa.enceocec coannsenosuses s roercee.ven, oneerxaanmsoer, ane soeuroannss coarn’ as osowne se unsozreaoa.eeermrannes aor reereunecses,nr soemns aor seaa exernaoe rec essue.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo a rver, a sowareoransorsa are eer near orne area wen an even occur owore messan o usrae acecoerrrnnoo some. em, aon omeenrasn envronmen seo.r. a, a co cnonescoen.ransor,s conne .sece,eransor ncues a us e ucsn an e aermee nnosece -er oeransor.er eemens mae conneceoncue a sensor se ,ecronceonn.roenesce e,e amens conneceoe us rversssancesems , ane navuaonoonmo susseemaures or.vance emomens,eransor ncues arocessor , a memor , a communnc saomoe un , an an eecr n urose conreoeror,ce asnsoorncs or a smnacaures. ro acnes asrorm areracooce urno, a mcrorocessor, aenera- eecroncsa snaso asa un .erocessorrm comrocuesasons anrove mancue varous comun arcecures,ncun a comexnsrucesaa snas an arcecure, a reucensrucon se comuer arcecure, oorn a se comuermemenn a comnaon onsrucon ses.eransor mancuen o anrec oecure rocessors . errocessors, oeran ssems, sensors,sas, a r more consuarnao sonsa are communca c n sca en oueo one anoernoece mae use w ac eumoonr. s a non-ransor memor sornnsrucons oraaa mae ecreosse an execue erocessor .ensrucons anoraa mancue coeo memormreecnueesescreeren.e memor mae anamc ranom-access anoer memorevvce, a sac ranom-access memor evce,as memor, or memor or a smarceer.mnan seonme s eomraoemens,e memor aso mancue non-voae eeervce an mea, wc mancue aarsrve, a aenece oo.-- eovce, asasrv me,em aor-evce, oerv sce, a - evce, a - evce, a - ermanenass.oron ome oer mass soraeevceor sornnormaon on a ranom-access memo oe memor mae reserveor use as auer or vrua wouevanrrvomruae curr.eransor mancue one or more memores oaa: ne memor oeernan ssoouron. ma sore one or more oeoownes e memoavaon roueaa , an auonomouseauresaa .n some emomens, roveerun soresaaa mae necessarore navaon acaon o ec naons. saron an anv enaoonn. ssem maescre aeas one navaon rouencun a receves a reuesrom an u some emomens,e navaon ssem oeransor on an an ennon.eseror navaon roues werene reuesncues a sarn va a newor , suc as a s nearvveaon ssem mauer a rea-meaa server corresonno navaon rouerarovesrvnrecons,or navaon roueaa server ransmse navaosn,n rocune saron ane enon.e rea-meaa ane communcaon ssem suoreesaaeoeransor va a wreess newor ,ransor. navaonaa ne memor oencunee ssem csonros.e oeeraon o m mana, o ree ssems oeransor, rome n sonsveonsrucons receve o avaon ssem ,eacvae an unsae anor unseece auonomouseaures srsemeurao mna o a coonurrone conroe e ssems .ns wa,e navaon mae acvaeor aven w naevearon rou ssems are acvae or enae soae aa.ore sensor se mancuee. an sensorsneransor eneran sensor n some e emxaomme,ense, senes soern sseor se ma oncueera snsoro-rrane m seansornsc aune oonne- orarn meor seen osorse. soensoowr,n a ra vearc seen sseonr,so arsa:s aer c aammerea,e ar, a maarn seonso ar, asonu urasonc sensor, an auomoe enne a mooneecor, aermosa, a so eressure sensor, annrareeecor, sensor, an oxen s uneecor, a caron monoxe sensor, a caronoxe oson sensor, a creannsosr,a a maosss aorno swen sseonr,so ar, v aanv eenmneer c,o aona anr-eume rearaour me sensor, aroe meer, a cureeer, aeeceecor, aa eec sensor, aarn seeer, an so seeomeer, a see sensor, are-ressure monor nsor, a raarun, a uemeraure sensor, aurne se n sensor, aorue sensor, aransmsson eeer sensor , a varae reucance sensor, a vece aenece oo.-- sunee sensor , a waer sensor, a wee see sensor, a sensor, a man ec senosnoara,a an an oere o auomove sensor.e navaon ssem ma sore oro anoee cn ro cme om m mumnem ucnaor caono unn. canne.rnan sosmmes em ano remceenvess,aea coom amnunrcoamoe newor mancue a ranscever, a recever, an oerarware or soware nne un maeeransor a -eueevc cessaro communcaoenrnacnsuoers sensn ma ranarernacor we. mao on ceorrrersanosnornso va ecnoo. oecs, recevn normaon oeransors, sen ar reavesanceso exernaransors areocaease one sense raarnor eas as areas weree oer e normaon oe oec veces weocamea aon, cea sceua arenas,roaesaransors anor oecs corresonnoe raarnormaon ane n aonrmaenn oec vecesase one cacuaer on oe n one exame,e oaes,n one exame. emerenc scenaros an souonsescre aneceeren cane uzeo manae wou newor a ransoreaures wen aransorseermneoe enern an area eauresn aranscocresss.ucn o anse a euxamo, ve,eoe, n soavuaonosn c,a enc a.so weo uu nzeewoor m caonnaneec anon.ronv oe exame,e souons can asoe uzeoeermne wen aroe o aersonnroxneooecaraonnsor macesroe arues o ar m n oe o aeas one occuanneransor. ns s oenne erxoammee,ranes sooruoo esas communcaon. occuansn resecveransorsan asre c aan asoe uzeo anazee avaa o amoun ome remannneransorvaaeor a voce communcaonase on an one exame,e souons can aso an conex oe communcaonoeerorme.n osrucon an recevn aesureae m uzeoeermnewoeves orea o roawa aove areso, anroceen, aernanscaoeae osrucons no rsno an aer souons can asoe uzeoeee sensveaar aone roawa.n one exame,e amae suc rom aransor weneransorasa n onas renere unaeoe use. e removeaser exame,e souons can asoe uzeo verae cusomeraao emonsran u coemen raenmoverom a oe reureocaons wne enerrse, conseraonrom one ce.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorovemoran nocaons,ransoro anoerransorn excaneoraa reaeo sae, auonomous vece.n on eec e.xamo een,ancee auonomous caaes oeower-eve eee srouons can asoe uzeorove an a or a aenece oo.-- rraannssoro receveaaase on arsomerc assocae w an occuan.ene e seocro unencrse encreaaase on a vercaon o a seconomerc, weren unencrneaoameorce oscc a connuum oersomerc.eransorrovese eees a sensveoron ouaen wen one occuan can recevee unencreaa an non-sensveoron aer a uernencreaa ase sensveoronsenrove an a exame,e souons can asoeo u ozemoe arssocae w eomerc eases.n onenvuaase on a we anrressure aovee aon ae seeronr aransoro vaae an one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorove aeaureo a w cee oeransor.n curren enae,resenneaureso an occuan oe auomoarea eaxssus no occuan’s c reecseransor,ana r or cna uece a erxrasmcs. ee,nereo sro ouonesr caanns aosro ane uez eexeroo ar ooweorre mocaon o a asss aeas one occuan,n one exame.n anoer exame, r ansoro reec an anorome envronmensscose.e ssem ma aemecrean an occuan’s wor worome envronmen wee usersneransor eermno “recreae”e user’s moe” or “ome moe”. aa reanoeneror an exerore osaere usersn “wor e varous occuans uzneransor are sore on aoccan an eansor as we as conracs.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoeec oc xecue va smarn communcan w nearransors wereneransor ma mcauanesureso asss one exame,e souons can asoe uzeorovee a onreu averran accorn.nneneesures usn aesureenonaasore.n one exame,e souosnoroeec uzeorove an a or aransoroae varous aconsase on aas a cnan a asoe esure.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo ensurea arver o user's as curren enaen varous aransor nava oeraonsor exame,rvn wean w esure.on on, ec.oes no excee an unsae numer o oeraonseoreenermeon ar n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo assn a sauso eac occuan exansor an vaan aesurerom an occuanase one occuan’s saus.n one waamoec,aoen souons can asoe uzeo coeceas o soun reaeo a cosonn evce suc a,sn we,a manrecon, rsn oran,rom waevce,aa assocae w e anemes uacurer, owner, as we ase numer o conemoraneous souns, aa assssneee souns were emanae, ec. anroveoe ssem were anass oe e uzeoeerrmmnnen weeaers a reraanrsne coson.n one exame,e souons can aso eeorrs unsaeo oerae.eransorncues mue aenece oo.-- c seomaraoneen cosmaonenneroee.rae cor coonrroacereanssor, an eac comonens assocae w a u senoeransoroecreaseransor oncona.n resonseo recevne crorace,eransorsaes one or more men comeonenes.sane one or more comonenes resusn one or more o coseranransoro no movereaeran aven see,mneransoro no come reso asansanceo anoerransor, anmneransoro noravereaeran a sec n oncee. exame,e souons can asoe uzeorove anncaonrom oneo occucra ansoras aouo vacae aocaono anoer seccransoras seen exame,ocaon, aoccans useoerorm auencaon an coornaon.n one uc asee souons can asoe uzeoeermne aracona resons or aransor. wc ma c caasen weere mueeoe own a sneransor, ane use oeransor, owners.er em oveor amenerso w oemen,cs use e ssemo uaeeracona owners o aransorase on noe use oueerannsoe acaon,ncun a mnma aneeermnaon oerver oeransor as we ars ouers.e avaa oeransor, ser susn one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoermn aransor a usero exame, a ucsrer mons w a coserou oeoe suc asam memers orrens.or aoccan wano sare a memers, an so, assocaeransacons are sorens no arm oarraonaaaase.ene suscre maeras are reuese a user, wo reuesn a ser suscrer, aoccan noe.e., aransor can ver a aerson one exame,rveces an auorzeerson w wome suscreras sareeroe.nransorso arrv seo auons can asoe uzeo aow aersono uze suemenancaese varousa arnneneesnaon.uncona reaons vauee.., vauearansoro uzes usaemeenrse aneermoranceneermnn wae o aernae souons can asoe uzeo aowrmnen oe suemenaransor.n one exame,e connueo ccuansn an acceno access oerransorso nernaesnaon. uoao ars one exame,e souons can asoe uzeoroaae a sowarermwares successu suse oransors.srs se oransorsesse uae, an wenees can asoe,e uaesroaaeo aurer se oransors.n one exame,e souons weree uzeoroaae sowarermware uaeso vecesrom a maserransor suse, ec u.aoersroaaeroue newor o vecesrom ars suse,en aarer same or anoer veonc oe.ne o une eaxeam maers sen,ene remannoron senrome eee,re souons can asoe uzeorove an uae aenece oo.-- uora aerasns maor’es a cuomoruzeero aerarnvserosr an anor a ara oncscuoran os.eraoer’ ssow oacrceu uana’seesvce.eoe vece aneevces.e user rove ve oes noaveoo annuoroxmaeoenccaen anaeeun socona auomaca occurs. nocaons senoeevces uzeo vaaeaw aanre uaes comee.n one exame,e souons can asoe eneraon, e one or morera snosware uaeserorme auaeecncan an vaaon coe, aroceureo or comonens, o a saus reaeo an ornaor oene soware uae, a r wreess recevne soware uae,normaon conane soware una oeneo ecxaaemn ne, resu aers sso o cuomoenos va n ceanna aosno. a seec uonz ceomoonreonv.eene v aernoaerse a oron o crca uaes an a seconoron o non-crca uaes, assnne ver rs orono onerocessneransor, runnne verersoron we onerocers aero ome, an resonsveoosve resusase oneero ome, runessor verersoron w oerrocesses aereero ome.n one exame,e snonue can asoe uzeorove a seecon o servceso an occuan weree ser ons on aroe o an occuan oeransor, an a sareroeas sarevces arease e occuan.n one exame,e souons can asoe uzeo sore use weroe o occan anneenresen oers an recommenaonso a userarsroeaan a auomacaaeresor ourcases anreerences acurero e one user’s occan. me userroe one unauorzeor asrcaans aocrcesso ase w aee ausa uenau seocurrzee, remeorean asccor museroecerom reven unauorze sca access, aransors eu esse.., cer-reas.o aeess enrn one exame.eanwe, se e w a secure access ssem suc as comuers an comuer neworsoacaecurroocos are aeo aransor’sransorn on secure remoe communcaonso anrome eec eroxame. as acvane wnncsonero wns s are noes wn aransora conroass suc conneceo one anoer ersoass suc as an an-ocrae ssem. s are oen us.ae-o-e-arroueransor’s cenra newor, wc mae reerreo as amemenn new, com eaures suc as auonomousrvn are sron rean on anee. eeseex s suc as avancerver-asssance ssems , sensors, exerence o aransor,e newavee acsononocreeasseavee nuemeer om exroevrneae-co samemun acnanr uvnns eeraenece oo.-- nrsoeec oneerraannssoorr, mroamnsceam mnorre vuneraeo aac.eow are some exames o . usrae uson an remoenruson. accesso aransor , asc aeess enr ssem oreven unauorze sca ransms commanso acorrannso exame emomens.eerrno., aeo s exame,eeo ncuoers ara usn raoreuenc snasn one exame.n senn sor-rane wreess rao snas.ensmer w an anennaas caae o anennaas caae o recevne sorran-rsor ncues a recever w anransmer .eeo aneranansoer wreess as sonnacuransmerome , resecve, wc conroe resecveevces.ere, a memore oess an anncuesoweorr s auccesesseo aen s.oarc oeeo aneransor ene userresses auonowoerrne resecveevcesn one exame. o ,e waes unseee ooerwse ac anuae sesnse aoa, eac s.re oneeransmer , wcs ouu vae anenna.n oer emomens,e user’samoe acnowee oneeo va oer means, suc as va a mcroonea accesnens a cameraa cauresmaes anor veo, or oer sensorsa are c auo,oeecnenrom a userncun recevnesures, moonommon uzene ar eaa sream mae a-o-on sna, wc, eenc muoveesm oenns, anee. reame, a comman coe, an a ron coe.e sna mae sen a e or more o a an z,u emomens are nomeereo.n resonse,e re ac raeeween zransor caurese snaromeransmer ,emouaeseev serna, an oe eor,a uan sorceameoe , wcecoese sens o sna an sens commanse..,oce aacs caneeo ereor, e ormeoc.o a c .ns ao cnmman ase,er maenosu aoare . cer can u csea aurxe coeeweenem, rea sor-rane communcaon,e aacer cou reas coeesnexe coeurne .omrove secur,eeo aneransor o maan u enser a rnoeransor canes aer eac use.ere,eeo aneransor are sncoronnze coeana see e.., a ranom numer,seuo-ranom numer, ec. ss re w an arn.eeo aneransor a erreo as ena s soncue a sare aormor mon resu oeeerevous eeacremeeuon sresse.eoowneress waee n some cases ss as annu anransormnoe nex numerne seuence. eress on,eeeranosors n moae sore mue nex coese.., nex coesn casee eeecre eransor .us, a numer oeress aenece oo.-- onecomene ouo a are unear eransor o noreveneransorrom oer meons a o sn o mocn.o ron coes,eeo aneransor ma emo useorransmnaee a raocns ev ceone ms.ores anocuer. exoarm exaem,weo,-waer ceonmmruenuceancoens meawee eransmer ane recever mae useo esas a secure sesson.en anoer exame, coes maaveme exraons ormeous.urer,en s escre anece w reseco. cane uzens an oer nseanw souon as ssems,ncunosea ar ors anor . usraeseescre aneceeren. emomens.eerrno. a,eus wncun aransor, accorno exameowermna an aura o eecronc conro uns ess a,us, w, ec. a an connroeccoenrooeres anevusceso c voam wmurenc c wc are mc aoenn weco enasc. oeern auns acasones wneouo aow comuer.e us memens a messae-aserooco.e., san aaross a asows-s - o sen commanso one anoer a a rooeve.eanwe,e eransor.xam reerses oen ceon ereocrercsao srs coenmsroncnu eeecorwcear s seseremns, o arn su-oscserms wn cononn,reressure monorn, cruse conro, an ma aes, ar- .enranssce exvaemr mea,ee useoransmncu anes r aeceravnescn meev o sesrereaur aeso an aens. a mcroconroer .or exame,eranscever ma convereaarome mcrorocme usno a an aeo so mrm eca croc oonreoerus.ea annw aseo onroer or , coenv mercroacoanrroomere nuesrresneo m aesosrameas oe wroaec mesesaeso sen usronm ce srowreaares,n vsaareerenn one exame.memene ous securroocos mae v .or exame, su-neworse.., su-newors an, ec. mae useoranseore r no smaer su-s anm an aacer’s caaeso accesse newor, wemoee.ne exasmare o o a., s an maear o a same su- oraewa, ec. mae aeonneenen su-newor.urermore, arewa newors. an aacera oc messaesrom crossne us across su- enre ns accesso one su-newor,e aacer w noave accessoe one n seamweo sru.-noe mwaore, sun o-nnee ewxoarms eev.en more secure,e mos crca s are noace eeraenece oo.-- ncue annruosuon neoe sownn., oer exames o secur conros wn a aaassnoeec macconou sssem wc cane aeo eac su-newor an rea a e auomoe user.eros messaes. a macous messaeseece,e can no e useo oscure messa se securroocosncue encronsecuresa can enaes a mess es.s anoer exame, auencaonroocos arememenea roece wnen aaeo como a mnu unoen carc noaee wcnse ex a,n err o nan anes e nox era w’msorne. se srunca newor,ransors ma asoe oavn aransor connecono aaa source suc a asenerne.ne oeenesransor cane senrou a neworo remoeosenernesanormaonromenormaonncue, onoaranoscs,rcaonsor anass.xames oransor ssems are oen reerreo asee eressure, anee.ese communcaoneecommuncaons annormacs.urmacsecauseenvovee comnaon o reseco. cane uzens aner, oeern nsean souon asescre anece w areescre an wors anor ssems,ncunosea .eucseraeesre an se. exame emome cure en-o-enransor communcaon canne accorno an aos senrvse.reerrnaoss.o, aeemacs newor ncues aransor aorm, aaaase, ec. an se a a remoeocaone.., a we server, a cou ns exame, aevce co anneceoeransor va a newor suc asenerne. newornseeransorsso.cauer wermoreos server maensae wne conneco oer eemens oeransor ,e, su aco ause no sown,eevce ma or, a ssem, a car, a moem, anee.eus,e avnc oenoar maan coscs aarom an oese ssems anrans oec ecu ereaaoe server vae newor. eevce re m maan caoeemcen oaaens weransor .n some emomens, aa,raveaa,assenenrormaoneore,urn, an aer ar.eaa mancue owever,eevce man onorm caon,anoscaa,ueaa, seeaa, anee. server n resonseoransornomomuncaee coecenormaonacoeos ma onenae eevce ann a nnor coemoeon.urermore, communcaon w no acce communcaonsnae ouse sousrc seesrver .s suc,eevce neworewoeeneroermevcee commu anncaeon,ose servevce man o ensea exasm ae. securervae aamer-r er .ere,eevce mancue .enoorearn caroraansmrovaesa secure accesso a carrer newor va a raoower eoereos server ,eevce ma esas a aenece oo.-- o conme-mwaunc saeceu wre conenecoson ser wvere usosn s oenreve orr more s.ecure carroreorco nse.wosr a non ma exame,e carrer newor ma -mnu communcae w eos server va a exnanmee w,ce aows accessrou arewa oeos server .s anoerransm carrer newor ma useaa encrone.., encron, ec. wen measuresn suaaoeos server .n some cases,e ssem ma use mue secur nc a asoon ao comm anun ecnacronourer secureeaa. w eac oer.na n w exerna servers,ransors ma aso communcaeransorso communcarecu war, eraacns oore-ro,- roraanssoernrasruc coumremsuen.c.a,oran scsemss, e snanse cameras,arn meers, ec., anee, over a wreess newor.e w ,ncue one or more o- newors, ceuar newors,e reess newor ma newors, anee.ransors ma use ccae sor-rane communcaonransors wnormaon aou aransor’s see ommuncaonorove oer name aew.ccorn,ransors ca , acceeraon,ran, anrecon,o cononsecome vse,usren recevensnoe conons aeaeore suc escre anece w reseca reucn cosons.urer,ensan souon as ssems,ncunosea areescor. cane uzens an oer newors anor communc.aonsu ussrnae sse acnur exame cere ane caes oc , acrcae onrsoe nrresn. o exam ane emoermoernmsn secureo.,eransors an ma communcae va communca.onse oevrren sor-rane newor, a ceuar newor, oree.eore senn messae r a an ma sne messaes usn a resecveuce cercae.s,oreransorsransor ma sn a messa exame,eran e usn auce cercae .ewse,e cerscoares m aan sn a are as messae usn auce cercae .euce exame. socae weransors an , resecve,n one snaures won a re cceervncaee communcaonsrom eac oer,eransors ma ver e ver we cercae au auoror a oreeuec.eor e cxame,eransor ma o sn a communcaons auenc.eransoerrcae succ use ransor uce cercae ,eransornowsaeaasrom aesseum vaeer soeuse ewse,eransorer manaso vrer wo se rce. cercae use n ce arca ceo amumuonrcaons auaenecu.ucreer, eeraenece oo.-- oeerns neanwo srosuon asescre anece w reseco. cane uzens an . anor sussreamessnecu anureorseaara areescre aneceeren.neracn w a securrocessor an a wreessme ecn an exame o aransor n some emomens,e comuer sownnv.ce, m accorno exame emomens. as sownnerocess oe exame o ..naanrccuuaer s,ecurrocessor maerorm auorzaon, auencaon, crorae.., ence securrocessor aaransmssonsa are seneween s an oerevces on arouns, anee,or asoaa messaesa are o a vece, an ne exa ransmeeweeneren veces. moue , an aumenec oaon.,e securrocessor mancue an auorzaon rocessor maememen meo wuene, arnans ao crr’ora moue .e secur oerransor eemens,or exame,e s nesw coomuer an ma communcae w suc as wreess neworneraces,nuors, anre , wre an wreessevces ma ensureaaaramese.., rames, ec.a areer.e securrocessorransore.., vae s newor are secure.aenwsmse,een seecrna wn a can ensurea messaesransmeeweenerenransors an urrocessor connece va a wreoeransor’s comuer are aso secur evces aace or or exame,e auorzaon moue mae. coe soreasswors, usernames, mas,eomerc scans, aneeorerenransor users.e auorzaon moueransore’rsm conme wueer.ern a so umseer eomroecmnecnasn,eas auermorszsaoonno m aoccueses m ceara cnom semunns suc as a neworneraceoownoa an necessar auorzaonnormaonrom cae w a en a useresreso mae canesoeransor sens or m an exerna server.ransor va a consoe or wneransor or va an aoaceceocnnncaeas oe auorzaon moue ma reuree usero veremsevesn somee wcaeevce,e sens are cane.or exame,e auorzaon moue ma reure a useore suc asswor, a coe, aomerc scan, areenenerawn oresure, ername, a resonse,e auorzaon moue maeermne weere useras ane neecee.n ermssonsaccess, ec.en r ssar eween es a ounenecaon n meoe wouue rese. oe m vaecee u.ses aon a euxaencaenerna communcaons marovenormaonor auencan communcamonse,ewe auencaon moue exame,eew auore.nceaon mso eene .s an e n muae use maransm a snaure aormoe s o eere snaure aormonser auencaons aenece oo.-- noerame.ees o snaeure aorramem. s one newor ca receve eac auencaons eacme a new maranamca caneeoson, amoun, ec., o auencaon moue ma asorove amse osenseraae are ex one oe s.e o no neeo usee auencaons.e auencaon moueem msaae cosm ana w a remoe servero rere muncae e ve uaesoe snaure aorm anee.ransoro com enmcurncaon moue ma sore asmmercearsoe use e encron mou e w oer exerna userevces anransors.or exame,e communcaons,e we mea crove arvaeeoe use eransoro encrecrransorso enaee oeorresonnuce maeroveo oer userevces an moue ma communcarevcesoecrencr e communcaons.e encron o newransors e w a remoe servero receve newes, uaesoes,es uaeso aoca, ursers, ec., anee.e encron moue ma asoransm an eerrno.vae .,uesuroawecs ae araoa mwro ncuae er rae smmoe se one or,rv m ae ocr rc. eo orneermon exnam anes emomens. a resourceevero an eecrcrover,eermnn an eecrc sue exss wssue,eermnn an areaa we aece e eecrcmacma,c a,nasesa ocne vecesorove eecrcoocaons w n . usraes anoerownaera area. eerrno.,eowaramncues onem or m, accorno exame emomens. resourcerover o ame resource su ore o recevn a nocaonrome an none eecrcrovern reso, comarn aeve oe resourceo areso, ereso ,eermnnessue wnseeoe curreneve oe resourceeneow meero,eermnn an eecrcaema resourceever w exsor an ucomn erenceeweenessue w e resournce anurnemeero, aneermnn a eora servce e eecrcrover anesnea enec arcoaeman , reuesn a areaa we aece,ase on eecrcosneorroonn o oeeeeoorara ase eermnn vecesroxmaee area,eermnn a suse oe vecesavn ava, eecrc, none suse oe veceso ae r roceeoeocaons wne area, an anov vence avaae eecrcoeocaons, oann an avaae eecrc amoun avaae eee avaa rom vecesroxmaeoe area, seecn vecesavn an reso, ancrcsa amoun aove arsreso an vece avaa aove a secon , aneermnnc ann avaea seee eceecr vecesorove eecrcoocaons wne area ecereveor eac oesace veces, macn a aenece oo.-- n sueesee o eecercs amoun a aocaon wne area w an avaae eecrceverom a .aceus vreaescees, a annoesraocne suseoeocaon. eerrno.,eowaramncuwesa onram, accorno exame emomens. evenrom one or more eemense e or more o recevn a conrmaon o an comrses aoccan consens scre oreceeren, werene conrmaon execun a smar conracouseweeneers reresene an oe eemens an consensus. recore conrmaon on aoccan-ase oneoccan exame emo.menuss.raes a macneearnnransor neworaram, accornoearnn sussem.ee nerawor ncues aransor aneraces w a macne e macneearnnns soursncsuemes one o corn maornes sensors. maemaca arac creae a macneearnnra anenarn snse mmoe , wcs a recons nnaernsn one or morerannaa ses.n some emoaeneraes macneearnn sussem resesneransor.n oer emomens,mens,eearnn sussem reses ou e macne eransor senssea oaerransor. earnn sussem.e macneearnonme one or more sensors oe macne aaoeearnn moe, wc reurn ssu ossem rovese one or more sensor sussem sens one or morensr ne or morerecons.e macneearnn eearnn mo uconsoeransor ase onereconsromoe macnn aeue erarenr. n emroanmnen s,eransor ma sene one or more sensor aa sussem ma sene sensorsemaa.one anoer exame,e macneearnn more oe acaons,eaures, ses, so e macneearnn sussem.ne or uzee macneearnn newor aseuons, ec.,escre anoreceeren ma ansacons ass.ocaeu wsra aes ve anc eex,a amccoer vscreeren.ra necoe ex caomneu ermaoonmens.ore mearnrannoaa.ase,rsan asacaroncsu,arervaenrsorcvue,creansoras eonn saerevcens, eracn.sa,coen vseec.e., m vece servce,eaer anor exeranser asses accorno aransacons.r a receve assesne vece an communcaon exsseweeneranansorrocessor reses , aransorrocessor aneransacon mou sorrocessor, aaaase recornormaon, suc as asses,ares, cre e.eransacon moue ma resus, nocaons, unexece even s, servceescrons,ae,me,ocaon, es,e erc.oseransaconsneransacon moue aenece oo.-- mae, re a recaaeonanoa aaaase.eaaase cane one o a aaase, an mae onoareraase, a non-reaonaaaase, aoccan, asrueeer, an rou a newor,ansor, mae o-oareransor, mae accesserec anorransacons con. or uceue as a mrc oace nesss v aane ro eo uxsa vmer eean ce vs seor , acc. ceor connour eaxaomn or mananaaase ma enae w anoer vece oerorm varous acones e smucomens.e vece acure servce cas, ec. wene veceas reace a aso sare,ranser, sare w anoer vece.or exame,e vece m saus weree servces neeoe maave anssue w are an maen roueoc ua aeacueor aaer care anor rocessor resesne vece an communcaon exasesorever.ransor rocessor, aaaase, aneransacon moue.e veecweeeneransor anoer vece, wcsns newor a ma no ser n wc oeraes onsoccan memer evrcaen.sorranrsocoerssorrocess,o araa raessees,neer vanescoreroc aensso cromm aunnc aaroanns eaxcsosneween .e vece maen receveenormaon va a wreess communcaon re moue erormeacaecurome vece a uesorans norrom a serverno sown.eransaecrons areoeneransacon moues an oo veces.e cres are eaareaserom vec ase o vece ane recor oeranserre servcesoenne sameoccansumnaeoccans areerenrom one anoer, or areoe , a reaonaa usaease, a a n memers.eaaase cane one o a aaase, an mae onoareransor,on-reaonaaaase, aoccan, asrueeer, an rou a newo mae o-oareransor, mae accesserec anor emomens..r. eerrunsraoes aoccan arcecure conuraon, accorno exame occan eemens,or exame., a,roeoccan arcecure mancue ceran occanrou .n one exame emuo omeonc, acan memer noes- asar o ao aaresu onoose memers wermssoenrmssoneoccans no accesse occan noesarcaen a numer o acves, seuc accessoeoccanaa.e vaaonrocessconsensus.ne or more oeocca asoccan enr aon an on an enorsemenoc an marove an ore n noes ma enorse enresase occan noe manae aoccan aconsucr ans a servceor aoccan noes. aoccanmmuaeeer soreneoccan, a cno au oencaon an seeo wreo e unernnn scanrasrucure wc ma asoe sore on e.eraenece oo.-- ransacons areeoccanransacons are soren memor o comuers ase roveransa rceceve an arove e consensus moecae e memers’ noes. occan va a coomnmsa arreoc soren currenocs oeoccan an commeoe eransaconsn a currenoceure, wcncueserormn aas oeaa conens o eoccan, one or more smar an reerencn arevousas o arevousoc. n areemens an aconsncuen co snmracs ma exsaeneeerms oransacon resere recens, veceeauresar conrac execuae acaon coe, suc as coe mae conureoen w, reuremens,ermssons, sensorresos, ec.e servces, wa servceea eer reuesn enes are resereo receve vece an weero monoreurres ae are enereureo recevevenerroe sauses occurs an a use consn suseuen evens.or exame, wen a servce even ceranarameerr, ssu rnne vece,e sensoraa monorn maerere, an a arcuarresoocr a asa ar vcuece careeve, maeene asen aoveeow a saus, wc reures an aeroareero ome,ene resu mae a caneo a curren oeraor, server, ec. soe se senoe mananar.e., vece owner, vece aa coece maeaservce caneene an soreor reerence.e vece sensor saus.e sensoraa ones o sensoraa useo coecnormaon aou vece’soeravee, an ave mraae asoeeassore vece evenaa, suc as aocaons cosons, wase exec see, ao see, acceeraon raes, weerere were an arenace, weeree v roueaen, wase nexesnaon, weer sae measures ass o smar conracermesceas enou careue, ec. sucnormaon maee resos sorene smar con, wc areen soren aoccan.or exame, sensor necessar an wen an werrac cane use aseassor weer aeece servces eerrno..u,sraeese aoc sea s creervc anee serou coneurearoornm,e acc.orno exame emomens.ner oc exame ncues aoccan acaon aoarcmeor a asa arncua oru-n acaonansoe comunevce an execuon acaons, wc arerrannsacon.eoccan conuraon mancue one or more execue soreroramaceaoon a ccaonrorammnneraces so access an ec., wc cane cre oee.., smar conrac execuae coe, smar conracs, can mananer owna seae accorno a cusomze conuraon sou arcans an eeoe as an e , conroer own asses, an receve exernanormaon.s can noes. nr annsae, va aennoesrueeer, on aoccan eeraenece oo.-- ransaconse e ssmaars connr aac accaon coe roves aassoreoccan an cononsoecome acaon coe, wc wen execue causeseransaconerms aroveransacons oevee.e smar conrac , wen execue, causes ceran .eaormncues a securneraaeu,o wrzac areenorwareoeoccanaormransacon manaemen an a soraeoronon a,s comunevces, wc execuee smar conrac a memora soresransacons an croracesn ruosce scervaocnc ces,aan vo.rm mancue varousaers ooccanaa, servcese.., comuernrasrucurearua execuon envronmen, ec., an unernnn sca auors, wc are s mae useo receve an sore new enres anrove accesso roves accessoeeeno accessaa enres.eoccan ma exose anneracea enaeesc vrua execuon envronmen necessarorocesseroram coe an suc as asse exanrasrucure.roracrus servces mae useo ver enres execueroraeca maoncec e caannre on as crc an oee vce auer oen ne coo onrma r mourro eanonnrv er oae. aces ex.ose, a ann marocess an eoccanaorm.s a non-mn exame, smar conracs ma seerv crcesrove, remners, uaes, anor oer nocaons suecoe canes, uaeseaeo execue conracs canemsevese useoen rues assocae w auorza, eoc.e smar reuremens an usae oeeer.or exame,enormaon mancuen a an access wc maerocesse one or morerocessn enese..,rocessors, new enr, ec.ncueneoccanaer.e resu mancue aecsono ree vcr oura macnes, new enrase one creraenene smar conrac anor a consensus o arovee scanrasrucure mae uzeo rereve an oeaa ornormaonescreeeers.e n smar conrac execuae coe eren.eve , a smar conrac mae creae va a- smar a concraacon m aanrorammnanuae, anen wreno aocneoccan.e occane..,srncuuee execuae coeas resere, sore, anor recae w a conrac coe, wc can neeweor ooccaneers.n enrs an execuon oe smar conracen sase.e execuronrmen resonseo conons assocae w e smaro a sae o aaoccaneer o.ee s mmoar ccoanoranc marer aruse mocaons e smar conrac execuon mae auomaca recaesoroueooccaneer cause ooccaneersrou on uesrue newor e sma e or more consensusroocos. urermore,e smrar co cnonrarcac m cao wer caeaaoeoccanneorma oe-vauears. ener reae vaues soren aoccan an useemn aenece oo.-- anocaeono ocecraaonn.s.ee co smear ma conreac us ceoeo c carnea weree ouu o varousoc oeraons macn aemoraraa srucuren a vrua encree or a one mra comunaorm.aa wrenoeoccan caneuc anor cane conracsenn maemneor asrvea seu.eemoraraaas useenerae e smar neeeoreoc e execuon envronmen,eneee onceeaa smarc cansene. conrac, w aonoanraeca execuae coe mancuee coenerreaon o a smar eroram coeeoe oures.sescreeren,e smar conrac execuae coe ma vaaorsoeerurn an co an csoemnun newor, weres execue an vaae can as an rerevesro susrocess.e smar conrac execuae coe receves a arevous soreemauree exoccan aas assocae weaaemae creae use o rome soreeneremraaceora.a maec,asees oeasener aneas creae auorzaoneoe reuese servce.ene smar conrac execuae coe sens an occanaa assocae we crora scmaera cosnrac execuae coe ma wreoe accorno e.xusraes aoccan conuraon.or sornoccanransaconaa, rovesorea vmecee emo,mee unsse.reeerrno.,e exame conuraon srueeer.e.,occan .vcee serv aenr m aa serv reer sarnnormaon w anurn w a vece servcerovero sare userroeresen a servcerover en anown an esase userroes aemno ren a ra vencneo wrma aonne evena roe.e server mae recevn anrocessnaa reaeo an v eseaces’se rae reuremens.se servce evens occur, suc ase vece sensoraa servce uecare, a manenance servce, ec., a smar conrac ma ncaes a neeor sensornormaonaern, ec., wc mae useonve useonvoe rues,resos, occanransaconaa s saveor eacransacoonee vece servce even.e suseuen uaeso a vece’s servce saus, even , suc ase access even,e eares,e reuremense.., ears o ae, uaes, ec.eransacons mancue cense, ec., comensaoneves,esance servce ee canae, varver’s recensermeo accesse even anos a veracveeeurne even,e resere rereveurne vece even oeraonooe servce, rsermssons, sensoraa vece’s conon saus, anresos useo maaes oe nex servce even anen a even was comee an weere vece’s cononeermnaons aou weere servce .ame eumsraoesmenocs,c ananocs sausas cane. accorno ex a cane aeo asrueeer, ee cronens ooc srucures on.eerrno aenece oo.-- oc.ca,n c.enssno sown ma sum enresooccan noeso enac acv one aevce,er an exame, cens mae acaonsa ac onea o a reueser, suc as e..,occsoann or n enoroose enresoreoccan.eura ooccaneers srueeer.oesere mna measn oano ac scae oeoccan newor an a co oe neworncun enorsneers, wc smaun noeseers maeresenneoccan commneers wc ver enorsemens,ae an enorse enresroose cens an srueeer.ns exame,eoccan v naoease ma enres, an comm enresoe commer no erorme roe o enorser noe, ocs, an aee, san osr eano aa s. asseemcunrcreues aoccana soresmmuae, seuence recorsn nesrueeer ma exsne wro cran snae manann a curren sae oeoccan. srueeeror eac canne o wcee an ar eeac a meemer mananss own co oe enro, srucure asas-neocs were eacoc coern.aensanoccans an ocs mancue varous comonens suc asose sow ns a seuence o enres. uocs maeenerae an aa nn..enn oe c s o aroroc’seaer wn aoceaer o a nrreenooec.ens wa, a enres oneoccan are seuence an croraca urermore,recaruesveen oneamnern w occanaa woureaneasns. as comeeore.ensanso,cceaesocneoccan reresens ever enra sorae, wc suors an aen-onano mae sore on aeere ssemoca or aace e curren sae oeoccccan woroa. saeaa an anesrueeer mae sorenen ase.ere,e curren saeaa reresenseaes vauesor aes everncue enrees c aaanns enre courre on seaeonccea sna.emaaraa csoen.raoc m exaeceuaesee s cmoaer cnovnocraacon esxe ecxuecue coeneracons exreme ecen,eaes vaues o aes are sorene saeaaae e saeaaase mancue annexe ase. ereor vewnoe enro oeoccan, can recovereeeor reeneraerome can a anme.e saeaaase ma auomacae neonrsernae noe nse ree uoneer saru,eore enres are accee. resus.norsn n eceve enresrom cens an enorsee enrase on smuae enorsn noe enooreso smar conracs, wc smuaee enrroosas.en an sne res ses an enr,e enorsn noes creaes an enr enorsemen, wcs a e smuaeons eenrrome enorsn noeoe cen acaonncane enorsemen o mae sece w.ne sm maer coon orac enorsn an enreens on an enorsemenoca e exeercuae coe.n exame o an enorsemenocs aenece oo.-- “ eneor mseamoern oo ecneos.rsnnoerseers m enusre esn aorreseorwea ernr.”ee creenn c aannecas maaveeren servce. ono an orern eocsoe oer coemrnm senrvceee arcsc.eosr e enxamorsee, enres, orersemno aoc, anevers wen areso o enresaseen rea e orern servce manae a newoc exame,occan noes a c ce, amermes ou, or anoer conon.ns oneoccan.e orerno smemneeraas receve aaaoc or sorae servceoes noro rvce mae mae u o a cuser o orerers.e orern orern servce mac aecscse enrees e,n smoarsre co ennrraecss a,n or s meacnaesnee or searren wecer.oaseer,e are commeoesrueeer.e arcecure oeoccan newor m enres escomnees a sucae seccmemenaon ae e o ‘orern’e..,oo,aa, , ec.s esasenuroea esn ae srue co re wmro aennen eo. ueaessrouee saeeeraan aas conssen orer.e orer o enresoe newor.ne a crocurrencoccan se are va wene are comme occursroue sovn o a croracu seme..,con, ec. were orern srueeer ma coosee orern mzze, or mnn,ns exameeares oe eerrno., aocecaansosm reearreeso s aus asaaa newor. eoccan anoresrueeer mancue mueaa semoecnsas sore on eaer on,ransacon-seccaa on, anoc meaaa suc aso aocn. an sosu coneen as arerec maeereaoreu vraorsoeuss oe anc exeamoec asn an are neor m coenanenos, smuc aes scoc exame emomens.n some cases,oeoceaer aneoc meaoae oe mae smaeraneransacon-seccaa , wc sores enraaowevera no a reuremen.eoc ma soreransaconanormaon o enre,ss , , , , ec. wneocaa on se..,,ncue ano arevous .eoc ma aso arcuar,eoceaeroc mea..,n ocnueeoccan wneoceaer .n eaer ma asoncue a unueoc a numas o arevousoc’seaer.eoc currenoc , anee.eoc numerer o, aeaso oceoc maaae un oe assnen anncremenaseuena orer sarnrom zero.ers ue an mae reerreo as aenessoc, wcncuesnormaon aocneoccan memers,eaa soreeren, ec. oueoccan,s eeraenece oo.-- eoc.ore exaomcaa ma sore enrnormaon o eac enras recore wn amesam, a c e,e enraa mancue one or more o ae oe enr, a verson, smar conrac exeacnune oesrueeer, an enr, an eoc, aaoa vs , a conrac ex ae coeaeox, a smar conrac execuae coe name, a smar creaoreecnuae su ccoe as ve arsoun,cnues amnar ce cronrcac execuae coe anuncons, a cen enor ae, a snaure oe cen,enes o sauss,e nrasm, eensoarcsee,r a s renaau srees, as orooesa anas v,er ssmoanr r ceoanrac eexe ecuae coe evens, resonse e an vaue, ec., a sare, an ene, as oes, aerenr, ec., a wre ses o e.e enraa reeuer summar, ane n some mae soreor eac oe enres. , wc as a emoonamennso,reocaa ma aso soreransacon-seccaa ccorn,eaa canmea soonreone anasm-mnue can oocsneoccan.eer.ome oeenes o sorn sucaa area reeeoce onoec vsa onesrue scose aneceeren.eoc meaaa ma sore mueroeuss em oo memaens e.., as ae arra, ec..eaaaes mancue snaure onoc creaon, a aao aas conuraonoc, an enrerenn va annva enres wn reeereonceas oseersse o an orern servcea orereeoc, anee.e snaure,c,as conuraonoc, ane orerer m e ean eaaa mae ae e orern servce.normwaoen, aa csoemm on aer oeocsuc as aoccan noe ma a va nva enrer mancuen a enorsemenoc, vercaon o reawre ses, anee.e an a vaaon coeeen arran o w ae szee euaoe numer o enresneocaa owever, une oeeerorscsoco, enacnre an eoncrc waans a vasoanvveaea.ers,es, an vaues.ncueseas oeeaers onne oerocs recenoc m vaauee ou asnmemeasaerecenoc.eas vaue oemmeae vaue oe enrerevousoc. oncueneaeer oaerevousoc or maeeas e remannocs, arace caneerormeromes vaue o arecenocn eac o e assocae ornae on aoc--ocass, asncaoceac aroeenessocan auae anmmuae c rows,o esas an execue ae aroocveseso erm,noanm-o rmen-c wasus r moa.ememenenarware,n a comuerroram mae emoe on a comuer ree, orn a comnaon oe aove. comuerroram comuerroram ma resen raanae meum, suc as a sorae meum.or exame, a eomer access memor“ ”,as memor, rea-on aenece oo.-- mremor“ ”, erasaerorammae rea-on memor“ ”, eecrca erasae coomraamcmase rea-on memor“ ”, resers,ars, a removaes, a e ar. rea-on memor“- ”, or an oerorm o sorae meumnownn rocessor man e rxeeamnaror sorae meum mae coueoerocessor sucae aernave,e soraemaonrom, an wrenormaono,e sorae meum.ne meum ma rese meum maeneraoerocessor.erocessor ane sorae rocessor ane son an acaon-seccnerae crcu“ ”.ne aernave,e usraes an examrae meum ma rese asscree comonens.or exame,. an oe aove-e comuer ssem arcecure, wc ma reresen oreneraen o .essc nroene cnomeonoen sus, eesc. anmaon asoe scoe o use o ca eameo omens oe acaonescreeren.earess,e comunr nuonceonas nen comemene anorerormn an oeuncona seorerenaove. w numerousm ouen noe eres a comuer ssemserver, wcs oeraona conura reneraurose or secaurose comun ssem envronmens or conuraons.xames o we-nown comun ssems, envronmens, anor meo,onesra mae suaeor use w comuer ssemserver ncue,u are no e oraosoneavc ceosm, muuer srosceemssso,r se srvserem cosm, mucerro srosceemssso,r-anse ce snss,emsc, cens,an- rorammae consumer eecroncs, newors, mncomuer se-ooxes, ssems, ansrue cou comun envronmens ssems, manrame comuer evces, an ancue an oe aove ssems or ssem-execuome aue ee. nrs sruscemonss,er svuecr a maeescreneenera conex o comuer enera,roram moues m sroram moues,en execue a comuer ssem. srucures, an s ancue rounes,rorams, oecs, comonens,oc,aa omuer sseo onaerormarcuarass ormemenarcuar asracaaes. wereass armeserever maeraccensrue cou comun envronmens communcaons neworror.me remoerocessnevcesa arenerou a eocaenooca ann a resrue cou comun envronmen,roram moues ma evces. moe comuer ssem sorae meancun memor sorae sownnse soorwmn on ae.ne,ra co-muruoer ssemserver n cou comun noe s ssemserver mancue,u arese comunevce.e comonens o comuer e noermeo, one or morerocessors orrocessn uns aenece oo.-- mem,o ar ssemo memor , an ausa coues varous ssem comonensncun ssem memorus oer r muo esc m re oess rroer csoennrs. o oneer, o ar meroree ora anus o, an se avcecraes ous srucures,ncun a orocaus usn an o a vare ous arcecu eeraeracsor, an arocessor suc arcecuresncuenusranarrcecres. wa o exame, an nomaon, us,nance us,eoecrounrecsanuasr,scsrsoocaannercecure us, anereraomonennerc on oca omuer ssemserveronnecsc us. mea.uc mea mae an avaae meaaancues a vare o comuer ssem reaae an ncueso voae an non-voae mesa accesse comuer ssemserver, sem memor ,n one exame,memens, removae an non-removae mea. ssem memor canncue comuer sseme reaowaearams oe oerures.e memor, suc as ranom-access memor anor m caecea mneorm o voae ssemserver maurerncue oer removaenon-removaemor .omuer comuer ssem sorae mea. wa o exame on, memore, c voaenon-voae reanrom an wrno a non-removae, non-voae manec meaneroveor ca cae a “arrve”.ou no sown, a manecsrveora renaon sorwon an wrveno a removae, non-voae m an r manecse.., a “o s”, an an ocas -or rea orn orom or wrno a removae, non-voae ocas suc as a- , eus oneer oca mea canerove.n sucnsances, eac cane conneceo memor ma or mncorueaa meaneraces.s weurerece anescreeow, mouesa are c e aeas oneroramroucavn a see.., aeas one ororam roramonuure,oav carr oueuncons o varous emomens oe acaon. memor wa o examen, an a s neoameas one ororam moues, mae soren acaonrorams, oerrora aon, as we as an oeran ssem, one or more one or more acaonroramm moues, anroramaa.ac oe oeran ssem, comnaonereo, mancue as, oerroram moues, anroramaa or some mouesenera carr oueunmemenaon o a neworn envronmen.roram acaon as ncons anor meoooes o varous emomens oe sescreeren. e emoe a ws a ses aemr,ecae one sene ar, asecs oeresen acaon ma resen acaon maa meeeo, or comuerroramrouc.ccorn, asecs oe emomenncunrmwareo,rm re o an enrearware emomen, an enre soware eseern soware, mcro-coe, ec. or an emomen aenece oo.-- c “ocmrcunn soware anarware asecsa ma aenerae reerreoeren as a orm o,” a “moue” or “ssem.”urermore, asecs oeresen acaon maaee avn com coumeuerroramrouc emoen one or more comuer reaae meums evces va aonmru reea era v se cesemrosr sea urmvcer coe em as an maoe aa asoe er cr ,oe wmonm. cun mcaaen wcue o anee oro maore exerna evce, asa, a voce reconon moue, ec., one or moreevcesa enr, aonnnerac w comuer ssemserver, anor anevcese.., newor caae a usero a enae comuer ssemserver o communcae w one or more or,e mroem, ec. evces.uc communcaon can occur vaneraces oeevce. e, co cmomuun ssemserver can communcae w one or more newors suc as aoca area er , aenera we area newor , an newor newo or auc newore..,enerne va a ssemrse arvaeer.sece,evce communcaes we oer comonens o comuer anor sowrare co vmao anus. soue unersooa aou no sown, oerarware xames,ncue,u areen ns coue usen conuncon w comuer ssemserver. exernasrve arr omeo: mcrocoe,evcervers, reunanrocessn uns, ou aans e,xema srs eemmso,ameerves, anaa arcva sorae ssems, ec.ransor comuer reaae meumasenen ou aeas one o a ssem, meo, an non- escreneoreoneaeescron, wsraee unnersoeo accoamanerawns an meoe emomensscose,us caae o numerous rearranemeen ascaons no an susuons as seor ane , mocaons, o ne eoown cams.or exame,e caaes comeon senssem oe varousures caneerorme one or more oe moues or recever oraerscreeren orn asrue arcecure an mancue aransmer, moues, ma oeoer.ormore exam oen,e a orar oeunconaerorme envua escreeren maeerorme a va orro musorem oese moues.urer,euncona exernaoe moues or comonens es ann reaono varous evens,nerna or e seneweene moues va ae.so,enormaon seneween varous moues can nernerooco newor, a as one o: aaa newor,enerne, a voce newor, an so,e messaes sen or re wreessevce, a wreevce anor vaura oroocos. anor va one or more oe oceevre mou an oe moues mae sen or receverec comuer, a snee sene ar w areesc.aea a “ssem” coue emoe as aersona evce, a smarrver,o ane con osro aen, a oerseorna s a asssan , a ceone, aae comun euerae comunevce, or comnaon oevces. aenece oo.-- rmesenne aove-escreuncons asenerorme a “ssem”s noneneo man eem scooem oeeresen acaonn an wausneneorove one exame omemenenoncas.znee, meos, ssems an aarausesscoseeren mae souee n aonesar suoemeo ormse co snsssemen wea comunecnoo. aveeenresene as moueso morearcuarur eemsescrens seccaonneenence.or exame, a moue maememene as aasarzeermemenaon cusom ver-are-scaeneraon crcus orae arra ware crcu comrsn suc asoc cs,ranssors, or oerscree co s, o-e-se semconucorsmemenenrorammaearwareevces sucm asoneens. moue ma asoe rorammae arraoc,rorammaeocevces,ra -rorammaeae arras, moue ma asoe aeasaramemencseronce ssosnwa urneso,r oree. varouses orocessors.nene un o execuae coe ma,orns execuon one or moresca orocaocs o comuernsruconsa ma,ance, comrse oranze as an oec,roceure, oruncon.evereess,e ornsance,e moue nee noescaocaeoeeru ma comrse esxaercaueanes o anene erenocaonsa, wenoneocaoeer, comrsee mouseru acons soren saeuroseore moue.urer, moues mae sore on a comuern acevee wc mae,ornsance, aarsrve,asevce, ranom acce -reaae meum, or an oer suc meum ss memor ,ae, nee, a mo uusee oo s eoxreecaa. nsrucons, an ma evenesrueua oe coe coue a snensrucon, or man rorams, an across seve ver severaeren coe semens, amon eren usraeeren wn mrao mueemsorevces.mar, oeraonaaa maeene an wn an suaee oaa sru acnure m.aee o eemoen an suaeorm an oranze se or maesrue overerenocaons,ranonaaa mae coece as a sneaa ma exs, aeasara, mere as eecron cun overeren soraeevces, an escre an wusreae reane uneurrsesooerenac s , mae cnoa ems o arron an a nen s ess a oem or nee n s aewo necra. n aon w, aes venera eren conuraons.us,eeae are o me escron oe emomenss noneneo emomen scso oe oe aec acaon as cameus mere reresenave o seece racce wne seavsnn a oranoanr. sne ar w rea unersanae aove mae erenromose wc aererensc oroseer anor warware eemensn conuraonsa are e.erereore, aoue acaonaseenescre aenece oo.-- cearsean u moonceaseonrse, vearrrea eomns,o anm aenesr,nav woue aarenoose o sne ara ereerre emomens o e consrucons woue aaren. unersooae e eresen acaonaveeenescre,soesoeene soemomee ansenesecr ceam arse wuesnr caonvse oenre a wn ae suco raen oe oe acaon an mocaonse..,roocos,arwareevces, sowareaorms ec.ereo. euvaens eeraenece oo.--