| US4376461A | 1983-03-15 | |||
| DE3138261A1 | 1982-07-08 | |||
| JP2001263855A | 2001-09-26 |
I2007/000012
Patent claims:
1. District heating plant, open air, natural heat capacity useful load the climatical thermal power station, the heat machine, a climatic heat pump, which takes climatic thermal energy from the open air/atmospheric weather variations and produces utility heat characterice, a heating plant suitable for the production of heat for different heating purposes or a hsat pump for indoor heating vehicles utilizing their own motive energy to collect heat from inlet air flow based on the following principles: the combined laws of geothermics/physics by Gay-Lussac, Boyle-Marriotte and Plate in addition with Carnot's cycle to collect thermal energy from the open air using vaporizable halogen compounds, difluoromethane, permanent and real gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide, smoke gases from chimneys etc. as circulation liquid in the equipment for heating dwellings, greenhouses and similar facilities, the plant will be located outdoors, for example in a hilly terrain, in a place exposed to all kinds of temperature, humidity and wind variations, rain etc. to absorb climatic energy/free natural temperatures with its liquid in direct contact with the open air; this climatic energy collected from the nature is then released in direct contact to liquid circulation containing, for example condensate water or corresponding heat absorbing liquid, the equipment consists of a stationary or dismountable, portable heat transfer device capable of producing utility heat; it is primarily indented for heating different spaces and cooling of terrain at certain spots using a climatic heat pump ( 1 ) designed for the utilization of climatic heat based on the cooling/freezing action of the surface of its isochoric heat- collecting pipe system; in addition, the equipment is fitted with a collecting device, evaporator or superheater (2) operating on the basis of the product of isochoric change (dU), molar heat (C v ), temperature change (dT) and molar mass (n) to absorb climatic energy/heat with and store it to the collecting liquid, the heat collecting pipes are exposed to wind currents from all directions; in this way thermal energy is bound by the surface of the heat collecting pipe system and stored to the liquid circulating in the pipe system, and by T/FI2007/000012
10 means of an isochoric pipe system (6) equipped with airflow guides ( 9 ) and auxiliary devices controlling wind currents (12), thermal energy is released by leading the circulation liquid through a throttle control valve (4), which converts for example real gases into humid vapour, to a heat releasing device, normally a condenser, connected, for example, directly to the heating pipe system of a district heating plant, the circulation liquid (7) is characterized by a large specific volume; the heat releasing or transfer unit (8), which is directly connected to the district heating liquid (e.g. used for water heating) is designed in such a way that a possible pressure reduction chamber controlling the heating capacity, the liquid circulation, or the transfer process of the heat machine, or a transfer pump (5) operating according to the formula p a * T 1 = T a * P 1 and other elements participating in the process of converting the liquid into gas and vice versa, for example an absorber (11) replacing a compressor and using ammonia or corresponding water-soluble liquid operating according to the conversion formula [dQ = 0] connected to this equipment or a boiler operating according to the Joule-Thomson effect (without the need to use any extra power source) and other elements of the equipment operating according to the Platen-Munster principle connected as accessories of the absorption devices may form a part of a functional control system strategy for an energy-friendly use of the natural heat resources contained in our climate.
2. The open-air-contact climatic heat machine in accordance with the patent claim 1, designed to produce thermal energy to transport, travel/other applications, which is characterised by conversion of the circulation liquid according to the laws of geothermics/physics and similar laws into gaseous state and vice versa in various installations (even temporarily), placed/ installed e.g. in ships, trains/other vehicles in direct contact with ambient air, directly pushing airflows/storing thermal heat in direct contact, with mechanical airflow guides i.e. partial elements (11) and other auxiliary equipment installed in such a way that this own motive energy, the heat storing evaporator ( 2 ) , absorbing energy from the airflows meeting the surface of the collection pipework, a condenser releasing the heat into utility use, as well as efficient climatic heat pump directly connecting these two.
3. The climatic heat machine in accordance with the patent claims 1 and 2, which is characterised by the fact that on catastrophe areas a heat machine built as a device unit incorporates e.g. a portable power source, accumulator (11) and wind-directing isochoric climate or wind network (10) installed directly on the evaporator.
4. The climatic heat machine in accordance with the previous patent claims, which is characterised by the fact that it or some of its partial elements, such as isochoric, flexible, rather easily shaped pipework (6), wind network (11) or a direct-open-air-contact element of the evaporator (2), absorbing heat into circulation liquid, built outdoors/even temporarily installed as required, locally shaped, connected to the wind networks ' evaporator ( 2 ) , is used for making snow or ice sculptures and/or ice billets in such a way that snow or water can be crowned/collected on the surface of the pipework.
5. The climatic heat machine in accordance with the previous patent claims, which is characterised by the fact that a ski slope/other similar objects to be cooled, like cooling ski jumping hills or directing wind flows, a device built like this or some of its partial elements are used for transferring thermal energy, producing heat/other utility use. |
District heating plant, open air, nature heat capasity useful load the climatical thermal power station.
Increasing energy consumption and the ever more demanding environmental regulations set new requirements on the use of energy in the future means that an environmentally friendly way to tackle with problems related to global warming is to reduce consumption of our finite energy resources and utilize for example free natural energy resources by mounting a climatic heat pump in a place exposed to wind currents and weather variations. Heat machine, a climatic heat pump that produces utility energy, taking climatic thermal energy from ambient air and from weather variations; in other words, by taking thermal energy directly from the open air using a climatic heat pump built outdoors and transferring it to a production process, from which the collected climatic thermal energy is then used for indoor heating, e.g. in dwellings, greenhouses and vehicles or for other purposes using different heat transfer processes. In the utilization of climatic heat this liquid heat, which can be converted to gaseous state and absorbed by circulation liquid, is lead directly to a district heating plant or a similar facility, in which the collected heat is received. This takes place by means of closed pipe circulation. For liquid circulation, a circulation compressor for liquefiable liquid, in other words a circulation pump, is used. Alternatively, an absorber can be used to convert gas coming from an evaporator into a liquid, for example water, which partly reduces the need of using external energy. Climatic heat is utilized by permanent and real gas boilers capable of storing energy, a counter cooler, a heater and an absorber, in which the collected heat is bound with a mild ammonia solution. These devices, which are connected to a district heating plant and which also make use of weather variations, are elements, which significantly improve the efficiency of the plant.
This invention is based on a heat machine, which is capable of taking energy from the open air, built in accordance with the laws of Boyle-Marriotte and Gay-Lussac. During the recovery of heat, heat from the open air is absorbed by this transport gas.
B
the more effectively the closer to the absolute temperature the temperature falls at the heat collecting stage. Heat from the open air required for heating the circulation liquid into vaporous state at the direct heat recovery stage of the climatic heat is taken, for example in contact with the open air, using the Clausius-Rankine process in the evaporator of the active part of the heat-receiving equipment located outdoors. There, by means of a circulation gas, such as difluoro- methane, methyl or ethylene chloride, ammonium or coal smoke lead to the open air as waste gas, a relatively good efficiency is achieved in thermal energy transfer; in a thermal energy transfer process taking place already at a calculated temperature of -25SC it is possible to achieve a fourfold efficiency compared with the need of using external transfer energy.
The collected energy using climatic heat for heating ships, trams, buses and other massive vehicles is recovered by means of the vehiclews own motive energy by directing air flows using the motive energy provided by the inlet air flow directly on the contact surface of an isochoric collection pipe system. In the heat recovery process, the great speed of a passenger train, especially an airplane, increases significantly the contact efficiency of the open air on the outer surface of the heat collecting unit, an evaporator, providing also other vehicles operating outdoors, for example sail yachts, on which it is mounted as a heat producing device, with the higher efficiency factor the higher speed the vehicle in question has. When comparing the amount of energy stored on the surface of a superheater from the open air, even such climatic heat pump is energy efficient in comparison of efficiencies of different heating systems . On catastrophe areas an electrically operated compressor, a rechargeable accumulator and other structural elements of a portable climatic heat pump can be mounted in a tent heating unit and, similarly, on ski slopes cooled by controlling air flows by means of wind networks or used for other temporary purposes as structural elements of this heat machine designed according to this invention.
Jn the heat-storing evaporator, i.e. a superheater in contact
FI2007/000012
with the open air, of a climatic heat pump, the recycling liquid (vaporized liquid) is liquefied back into liquid state in the heat releasing part of the heat collecting pipe system according to the standard formula [(p * V) /T= k ], where, for example, thermal energy absorbed by an organic halogen compound is transferred by the action of conversion processes, but through a pipe system into the cooling water in a district heating pipe system for heat transfer. For cooling of the vaporized circulation liquid in the heat release process boiler, the circulation liquids flow in the district heating part in opposite directions and circulation liquid, which has released its heat is led in liquid state in the heat recovery pipe system through a throttle control valve, where its pressure falls and at least the most part of the liquid vaporizes while the total volume of the pipe system remains constant . When using a compressor for heat recovery liquid circulation, the recovery of heat is environmentally friendly. In order to maximise the efficiency of this heat transfer process, the pipe system of the evaporator can and should be coated with ribs to expand the contact surface of the air flows of the pipes or with mechanical guide plates suitable for controlling variable air flows so that the air flows produced by even great temperature changes in the weather or at the mounting site of the system are led as effectively as possible by means of casings or similar devices guiding wind currents directly to this surface of the pipe system used to collect the climatic thermal energy. By means of a heat-storing isochoric wind network mounted on a superheater also objects in the field can be effectively cooled, even frozen, as the heat transfer process is based on basic laws, where p is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature (degrees/Kelvin). By mounting guide plates and mechanical additional surfaces to increase the contact surface of the pipe system of the evaporator, or at the end of the recovery stage, of a constant-pressure superheater, the efficiency of the heat machine increases.
For different end-uses, a climatic "district heating plant", which produces heat in direct contact with the open air, will be defined. This plant will operate according to the same
operating principles as the heat machine taking thermal energy from weather variations designed for heat production and transmission, built in a place exposed to weather variations (temperature and humidity changes, wind speeds), as well as a local or temporary heating plant for the utilization of climatic thermal energy in direct contact with the open air for differ-ent uses, a climatic heat pump, or the essential parts of a heat machine, mounted on a vehicle for collecting air flows to produce heat.
I) A device taking heat from the open air, in other words, from the energy contained in the climate, means an evaporator or a superheater built outdoors or in corresponding direct contact with the open air, intended for utilizing global warming and minimizing the cooling effect of the terrain (in other words, exposed to climatic temperature and wind variations at the mounting site), or correspondingly, an evaporator or a superheater mounted in a place exposed to such climatic changes connected to an isochoric pipe system operating in the principle of the product of isochoric change (dU), molar heat (C v ), temperature change (dT) and molar mass (n)to recover heat from the open air.
2) The circulation liquid, which absorbs climatic heat, is resistant to even drastic pressure and temperature changes, converts itself from liquid into gaseous and from gaseous into liquid state, absorbing heat, releasing collected heat in its liquid state in the heat releasing unit, in other words, at the initial and final stages of its circulation process it changes from liquid into gaseous and from gaseous into liquid state.
3) The circulation pump, which circulates the heat-storing liquid, compressor, is that one part of the heat machine, which transfers heat stored by the circulation liquid from the open air to the heat-releasing part, or a corresponding pump device for the heat transfer liquid in accordance with the formula [p a * T 1 = T a * P 1 ] , where p on pressure, T is temperature, index a refers to initial state and index 1 to final state, which means that the product of the initial pressure and the final temperature is the same as the product of the corresponding
quantities at their extreme ends.
4) The element, which releases the collected heat into the circulation liquid of the district heating network, is that part of the climatic heat pump system in which thermal energy taken from the open air is released to be used in different ways. For example, an indoor air heater used in passenger rooms of ships, trains etc. can be indirectly or separately connected to the heated space.
b) Air flows into a heat accumulator are controlled by different operating units for heat recovery, such as a mechanical airflow guiding device in passenger vehicles, an evaporator in contact with the open air, wind flow guides, which guide wind flows to the surface of a superheater that heats the liquid flowing in the circulation pipe system; other liquid and/or water evaporators, boilers, heaters, a throttle valve and an absorber and corresponding additional guiding devices connected to the system are elements used to improve the efficiency of the absorption device.
Mounting of a dismountable portable climatic heat pump device, for example for the production of heat from cold air for tent accommodation at low energy costs for the victims of catastrophe areas or placing of the element, which collects energy from the open air at a district heating plant, as a wind obstacle in places exposed to strong air currents, for example cooling or air and controlling air currents at ski jumping hills, is a vision of the future, because by directing wind currents to the surface of a wind network ( connected as a part element of a heat collecting pipe system), also sports performances can be made more equal .
If a heat machine is compared with for example a freezer, the major difference is that a climatic heat pump is designed to collect free natural thermal energy from the open air, which - when recovered - is transferred through a transfer pipework to a heat releasing element, in other words, to a heat releasing device connected to a condenser. A heating device installed
underground so resembles a heat machine in some extent, but compared with a heat machine, the heat collecting unit of this climatic heat pump is placed totally in the open air, fully exposed to weather variations. When mounted on an installation site and in similar contact with the open air, it is not embedded in the ground, but is in direct contact with and fully exposed to external weather variations, air and wind currents, solar heat, snow fall, rain and corresponding weather phenomena. And example of this is installation on a ski slope and a ski jumping hill. Without the weather machine based on the invention described in this document, no district heat from the open air, natural climate, can according to the laws of physics be produced as energy efficiently. Because a liquid can absorb energy and warm circulation liquid converted into gaseous state ( as a result of even a drastic pressure change) can be transported to a heat releasing point to release its thermal energy there for heating dwellings, greenhouses and similar facilities, which utilize heat (the whole thermal energy). Although there is a different amount of heat in cold weather and hot sunny weather, it is possible with this air pump based on this invention to collect climatic thermal energy and use it in various ways for different heating purposes and other purposes, where energy is needed. The principle even in these extreme cases is the same, because as the humidity of air changes and the temperature falls, the surface of the collection pipe system in the evaporator part of the air heat pump freezes. In other words, crown snow load or ice can pack or collect against the surface of the heat collection unit and this change of state can be utilized, because in the recovery of heat no significant change takes place. The cooling effect caused by a direct contact of thermal energy transmission with the open air changes, however, due to the snow coat on the evaporator: the energy in units (per approx. 0.5 kcal/kg degrees Kelvin) required for the change in the heat volume of snow and ice is of different magnitude than in the case of a direct contact with the heat transmission unit. To increase the heat of rain water (water in general) by one degree Centigrade requires one kcal of energy, in other words, for snow and ice the energy needed for heating water is 50 percent smaller.
The picture shows a "heating plant", a local heating facility, mounted in a place exposed to direct air currents for the production of utility heat with the same principle consisting of a heat transfer device of a modular design built in accordance with isochoric change of state and geothermic laws (even temporarily) for different applications/heating purposes. The device is equipped with airflow guides (9) and devices (12) guiding air currents to air collectors, which facilitate the collection of thermal energy from the open air, as well as a climatic heat pump ( 1 ) assembled in this way and fitted with an isochoric evaporator (2) collecting heat from the open air on the surface of its circulation pipes, a thermal energy releasing device or a condenser ( 3 ) , which releases the collected heat from the circulation liquid in direct contact, a circulation pipe system (6) containing liquid (7) in liquid, partly in gaseous state, absorbing a large amount of thermal energy, connected to circulating compressor compressing steam adiabatically or liquid converted from one physical state to another, a transfer pump for the circulation liquid or an element of a similar type controlling (independently according to the rules of heat processes) the liquid circulation (5) mounted in the heat releasing point in a district heating system (8) as an equipment utilizing climatic energy. A throttle control valve (4), pressure reduction chambers controlling the liquid circulation and other elements needed for changing the condition of the liquid from one condition to another, such as a portable power source, absorbers, a liquid compressing device used at the liquid binding stage and other heat utilizing additional devices, alternatively devices for improving heat recovery efficiency (11); here a climatic control assembly operating according to the laws of physics. These also incorporate wind guides directing air flows and wind currents to the surface of an evaporator/superheater (12) and even a climatic or wind network (10) containing circulation liquid and used for cooling and/or freezing purposes, in this example mounted/located on a ski jumping hill.
The practical alternatives described above to design a heat machine, i.e. a climatic heat pump, which takes thermal energy
T/FI2007/000012
8 from atmospheric weather variations, in other words, a district heating plant located outdoors for the production of utility heat, operating in accordance of Carre's principle and Planten- Munster's and Boyle-Marriotte ' s laws and other laws related to recirculation and thermophysics, are only indicative. The characteristics of the heat machine designed according to this invention are defined in the identification part of the patent claims with the provision that Carnot's cycle can be implemented inversely or an additional equipment of the type described above operating according the laws of physics, geothermics etc. can be connected in a different way to the equipment.