The ρrιo ^r art comprises radiators inside which is circulated for instance water or vapor, in order to transfer heat to the radiator and further to the ambient air.whereb. the water or vapor is circulated through some kind of heater-'coder m order to be heated/coo' after having given off heat/cool to the ra i t r or several radiators. Thus, the water or vapor acts to transport the heat between the heater and one or several radiators, and ' ^• e heat cool g.ven off b> the wate ^r or vapcr corresponds to the heat supc ιec fc< *he he_ te ^r .

The oDject ot the present invention is to achieve a method and an appa ^r atus w ic make i possible to improve the etf cienc . in that the energ ^y consumption ι= les= than the heat given off b_ the apparatus.

The ρ ^r esert invent.on makes use of a fluid which condenses and evaporates in a closed circuit inside a heater, cooler apparatus, the evaporation being caused b- suppl ■ of heat.

An advantageous embodiment of the method comprises that the heat is sucplieα means of a fluid which itself is heated about 10 _ of the time which the apparatus is used.

The apparatus ma. for instance be a radiator containing a closed circuit for circulation of a fluid, for instance Arcton 22, being at a pressure of for instance 20 to 30 N.cm2. The circuit mar compri e one or several loop; which a'e surrounded b- ribs or baffles in order to increase the heat/cooler transfer area. The loops are coupled to an internal heat exchanger, in which hea* is supclied to the fluid. The internal heat/cooling exchange ^1- a- tor instance be a hoπsontal tube which is closed at both ends a d contains a conduit extending longi udinali> through the tube. A heating + ^i, jιd, +c i .stance water having a temperature slightl ^y above the

evaporation temperature of Arcton 22 at the existing pressure, for instance .0 oC, flows through the conduit, and heat/cooling is transferred to the Arcton. The loop or loops of the closed circuit is/are coupled to each and of the horisonta' tube, at different heigths, and evaporated Arcton will enter the highest end of the loop or loops and rise inside the closed circuit. The vapor will give off heat/cooling and at least partly condense, and the liguid will flow down to the horisontal tube and then the fluid will be transfer to next evaporator unit and give cooling as well. This process will continue as long as a certain amount of the heat is transferred from the conduit. The heat given off by the vapor is transferred through the walls of the tube constituting the closed circuit, and the heat may for instance be transferred to the ambient air b_ convection.

The fluid, for instance Arcton 22, inside the closed circuit circulates with compressor or without.

Al ernatively to the use of a conduit through the horisontal pipe for supply of heat t> means of a flowing fluid can be used another Kind of heating means, for instance an electric heater.

In order to increase the heat/cooling transfer area in contact with the ambient air the tube of the closed circuit a , in a perse know manner, be equipped with ribs or baffles externally.

The apparatus according to the invention can be utilized in a system for instance for house heating coo! ing, in which several apparatuses ma> be coupled in series, wherebv the conduit for the flow of of the heat supply fluid runs through all the apparatuses, and means such as a valve may be provided for switching the circulation on and off. Means may also be provided for varying the temperature and pressure of the heat supply fluid.

The efficienc.. of a heating/cool ing system provided with the characteristic features presented in the foregoing has been found to be considerable superior to that before.

In the following, the invention is described more in detail with the aid o-f an example, referring to the drawing.

Fig. I presents the vertical section of a radiator appropriate for use in the present invention.

Fig.2 presents schematicall ^y a house hea ing/cooling system in which the procedure of tne invention is applied.

Thus, in Fig.1 is presented the radiator or heater element in which the method of the present invention can be applied. The radiator comprises a horizontal heat exchanger in consisting of a tubular container 2 containing a fluid, such as Arcton or equivalent, both in gaseous and liquid form, which evaporates with the aid of a heating conduit 3 passing through the heat exchanger. To the container 2 is connected a heat exchanger element 4, in which the fluid in gaseous form gives off heat to the ambient air and condenses at the same time. The element 4 is composed of a plurality of vertical pipes 5 connected on the top margin of the container 2. In Fig.1, the pipes 5 have been connected, to the bottom pipes.

Thus, ir, Fig.2 is presented the radiator or cooler element in which the method of the present invention can be applied. The radiator comprises a vertical coding exchanger in consisting of a tubular container 2 containing a fluid, such as Arcton or equivalent, both in gaseous and liquid form, which evaporates with the aid of a cooling conduit 3 passing through the heat exchanger. To the container 2 is connected a heat exchanger element 4, in which the fluid in gaseous form gives off cooling to the ambient air and condenses at the same time. The element 4 is composed of a plurality of vertica' pipes 5 connected on the top margin of the container 2. In Fig.1, the pipes 5 have been connected, to the top of pipes.

The normal situation was previously that the water/fluid circulates in the system all the time, whereby the surface temperature of the heater/cooler elements j. has settled or, a certain level. In the method of the present invetion, the water/fluid circulation is automatically interrupted with the shut-off valve for a certain period, ofinstance for a few minutes, whereby the water-fluid momentaril ^y heated cool to a temperature considerably higher than that which itwould have ifitwere circulating all the time. When the water/fluid has reached an appropriate temperature, the valve ] . opens and the water isagain allowed to circulate in the cooling elements The fluid causes the Arcton in the heater element to be heated and to evaporate instant aneously. Hereby the surface temperature of the element rises rapidly above the temperature which would have been achieved with continous water/fluid circulation, and it goes down ver> slowl ^y back to this said temperature. The advantage is gained owing to the pressure of Arcton increaεino exponentially in relation to the temperature.

In precise measurements which have been carried out, the improvement of efficienc ^y has been indisputable. In one experiment, the surface temperature of the radiator had stabilized at 54 in continuous operation. The radiator was then tipped over on its side, whereby the gaseous arcton could not ascend in the pipe 5 and remained instead in the heat exchanger 1 to be heated further. The radiator was kept lying on its side for three minutes, during which time the surface temperature of the radiator at a given point decreased to 48 .whereafter the radiator was pieced upright once more and the arcton could ascend. The sureface temperature of the radiator rose to 60 in one minute and begin thereafter to go down very slowly, reaching the limit of 54 only after half an hour. In this way, the surface temperature of the radiator could be held most of the time over 54 which ismean temperature in a continuously operating radiator. Naturall ^y , tipping radiators cannot be considered in actual practice, but it was eas ^y to demonstrate by this experiment that a remarkable improvement in efficiency is achieved with the aid of the invention, seeing that the fundamental principle of the procedure of the invention is the same as in the experiment. The invention is based on increasing the temperature of the freon momentarily considerable above the average temperature.

Measurements have been carried out during use of radiator in accordance with the invention. Heat was supplied in an amount of 0,7 kW. Based on measurements of the velocit ^y of the ambient air upwardly through the radiate, the cross sectiona ¹ area of the radiator through which the air flowed, and the temperature of the ambient air when coming up above the rad.atcr the output was calculated to 2,45 kW.

Heat/Ccoiin. calculation Pv Mot er 1-0 αiaqram

.rctor. .19E Tube lnmtr. 5.6 EvaDoration

J/'C A 0.23ό cal Kcal/'C

9. 4.95 0.23<_ 1.16E

9.60 ).Θ65 ni/sec

3600

0.198 3600 616.48 Kq/h

3.34 059.05 Kcal 2354 _M tt

..02173 i.T 3600 133 0.3 1397.65

_Λ Input 700.00

2057.65 lb EF ICieJ_! :.oo fact. 0.86 2439

29 Arcton 22 0.19c Tube in atr. 9.6 Evaporation "C 55 30 31 BIGheat coolheater J , "C vJ/'C Kcal/'C

;.4 ca ¹ .. 'Z ., L .. = in.s

IT . t 0.19E 3600

38 35 ■/S .. Hi X = K. / 40 41 0.865 0.198 3600 41 43 16.4B 3.34 44 45 47 0.02175. 1.75. 3600 137 1 438.76 4£ Input 430.00

Fact. 0.6c

51 I 172.98

Worksheet 1 - Page 1