Heating Plant

The invention concerns a heating plant for fuel oil, fuel gas, or other combustible liquids or gaseous mate¬ rials, according to the introduktion of claim 1.

5- Because of the world-wide energy crisis, great effort has been made during the past years to develop full uti¬ lization of the heat from the combustible materials, in the field of heating plants - especially oil heating _,...- plants. Thus, a highly effective burner with blue' flame*,

10. that is a burner which on no account develops soot (vide the brochure "Verbrennung total" RE from M.A.N Brenner- bau, Rossweg 6 , 2000 Hamburg) has been developped. Even with such a burner, the heating economy is not ideal, as part of the heat from the flue gas is wasted in the chim-

15. ney air. In connection with such a burner it has been at¬ tempted to regenerate the heat wic is wasted in the chim¬ ney air, but so far without great success. In this con¬ nection we refer to an article in "Ingeniøren" no. k9 , 8th December 1 78, "Oliefyret minikedel uden forurening

20. og med 100 nyttevirkning" , ("Oil heated mini boiler, without pollution and with 100 per cent efficiency").

The object of the invention is to provide a heating plant according to the ^* introduktion of claim 1, wic shows a better heating economy- than nesting plants of 25. this kind belonging to the prior art.

The heating plant according to the invention is cha-

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SUBSTITUTE racterized by the new combination of aspects indicated in the characterizing part of claim 1. It has surprising¬ ly been found that the heating plant according to the in¬ vention shows a considerable better heating economy than 5. plants of this kind belonging to the prior art.

In the heating plant according to the invention the heat from the flame is first utilized in normal way by means of one or more heat exchangers, wich are placed in connection with the combustion chamber. Hereafter the

10. flue gas is brought to bubble through the bubble device where the areain whichthe bubblingtakes place makes upa big¬ gerand biggerpart ofthe penetrationarea the higher the* smoke pressure is. In this specifikation with claims it will be understood that the washer is the bubble device

15« with water, in this connection, it is crurial to make use of the high effective burner without any form of soot formations at all, if not the bubble device would soon be blocked. It has surprisingly turned out that the* bubble device, which, is constructed in this way, in a

20. very specially effective way can absorb the condensation heat from the available water vapour, which has originated from the combustion together with the heat found in the flue gas. Moreover, it has surprisingly been found that the heat-exchanger, which cooles the substantially hori-

25. z-ontal part of the dome, is necessary for the heating ^*' plant according to the invention, because the substanti¬ ally horizontal part of the bubble device otherwise would get very hot during operation, and therefore be deformed, whereby there is a big risk for some of the penetrations

30. to be located above the liquid level in the bubble de¬ vice, thus greatly reducing the effectivity of the hea¬ ting plant. This applies, if the bubble device is made from metal, preferably stainless steel, which is the nor¬ mal construction material for the bubble device. Where

35« the bubble device is made from for instance ceramic ma¬ terial, the heat exchanger which cools the substantially horizontal part of the bubble device will not be strictly

SUBSTITUTE necessary.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant in accordance with the invention, is characterized by the features indicated in the characterizing part of 5. claim 2. Hereby an especially high heating economy is ob¬ tained.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant in accordance with' the invention is characterized by then features indicated in ^* the characterizing part of claim 3« 10. Hereby an exceptionally effective absorption of the heat content of the flue gas in the smoke washer is obtained, as unwanted pulsations are avoided.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant in accordance with the invention is characterized by the-

15« features indicated in the characterizing part of claim h . Hereby a more reliable combustion is obtained without unwanted pulsations, comparred to the cases, in which the penetrations have character of holes. Tecnically this is an exceptionally good embodiment for the manufacture of

20. the bubble device.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant in accordance with the invention is characterized by the features indicated in the characterizing part of claim 5. Hereby an exceptional high utilization of the heat in the 25. flue gas is obtained.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant in accordance with the invention is characterized by the features indicated in the characterizing part of claim 6. Hereby an exceptionally high utilization of the heat in 30. the flue gas and hence an exceptionally high total effec- tivity of the heating plant as a whole is obtained. This specially high utilization of the heat in the flue gas can be obtained, because the temperature in the conden-

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h SUBSTITUTE sation coil of the heat pump can be brought far below the temperature of the cold run in the other heat exchan¬ gers. It is therefore most important that the heat pump is the last heat absorbing device in the heating plant 5. according to the invention. By correct operation it is possible to obtain that the part of the chimney, which lies downstream the cooling coil of the heat pump, no longer has character of a chimney but of a air duc . The time interval in which the heat pump has to work, can

10. for instance be the time interval in which the heating plant works and a certain interval, for instance, two (2) minutes after the heating plant has stopped working. The various heat exchangers in the heating plant according to the invention can work separately or in abitrary combi-

15. nations. However, the heat pump, if such is part of the heating plant, must always work separately.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant according to the invention is characterized by the fea¬ tures indicated in the characterizing part og claim 7«

20. The antipulsation tray must be equipped with ample pene¬ trations for smoke pipes and connection pipes to the heat exchangers, and it has turned out, that the anti- pulsationtrays produce a suppression of the vibrations in the water mass of the smoke washer, which especially

25. arises at the start of the burner, which again improves the heating economy.

A specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant according to the invention is characterized by the fea¬ tures indicated in the characterizing part of claim 8. 30. Hereby the combustion process is initiated without star¬ ting pulsations. The bimetal controlled divertion valve is advantageously constructed in such manner that the divertion valve closes when the burner has been working for about one minute, whereafter full efficiency of the bubble device is obtained. ¥ith this embodiment an additional improvement of the heating economy is achieved.

SUBSTITUTE

It appears that the heating plant according to the in¬ vention in connection with oil heating can reach an uti¬ lization of the heat of the oil of 107 per cent of its lower combustion value , and 110 per cent in connection 5» with gas heating with certain combustible gasses, i.e. natural gas, also calculated from the lowest heating value of these gasses, in both cases even without a heat pump.

A specially preferred embodiment is shown on fig. 1. The separate construction parts in this embodiment for the 10. heating plant, according to the invention, appears from the below mentioned summary:

1. Furnache chamber

2. Burner

3. Smoke pipe

15• . Flue gas tray

5. Water cooling

6. Slits in smoke trays (bubble device)

7. Heat exchanger - tap water

8. Heat exchanger - heating

20. 9. Discharge pipe - combustion air

10. Cooling media from heat pump

11. Heat pump

12. Neutralisator, elektronically controlled

13. Electronic control of oil burner versus heat pump 25. h . Electric cable

15. Hot water from discharge heat pump

16. Discharge - hot tap water

17- Discharge - hot heating water

18. Return water - heating ( from radiators)

30. 19. Cold tap water inlet

20. Overflow

21. Water

22. Boiler ^*

A more detailed description of the separate construct- 35. ion parts appear from the following:

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SUBSTITUTE

Point (22) shows a whole boiler unit, where point (l) is the furnache chamber and point (2) is a blue burning oil burner, point (3) is the smoke pipe , and point ( k ) is the dome (bubble device) with penetrated sides, point 5. (6), and heat exchanger as point (5). Point (7) is a heat exchanger for hot tap water. Point (8) is a flue gas condensation heat exchanger, and point (9) is the* actual flue gas discharge pipe. Point (lO) is a pipe with cooled cooling media, point (ll) is a heat pump unit.

10. Point (l2) is a neutralisation unit, point (13) is an electronic controlled unit, where point (l-* is cables which connects the boiler and heat pump, regarding the control. Point (l5) shows a pipe with hot water from the* heat pump. Point (l6) discharge tap water, point (17)

15. shows discharge heating watex?.. Point (l8) shows return water from heating. Point (19) shows inlet of cold tap water. Point (2θ) shows a pipe as overflow and point (21) is water.

The operation of the shown embodiment for the heating 20. plant appears from the following:

Point (22) shows the boiler. The burner (2) burns in the furnache chamber (l), from where the flue gas is pressed up through the smoke pipe (3)» When the flue gas hits the bubble device (4), the developped pressure will

25. the flue gas bubble through the penetrations (6) in the skirt all the way round on the bubble device, thus trans¬ ferring heat and chemical waste products to the water (21). The flue gas heat also transfers heat to the exchanger (5). When the flue gas has left the water and is pushed on,

30. the flue gas is cooled by the heat exchanger (8) whereby the flue gas is condensed and transfers heat to (8), whereafter the flue gas leaves the boiler through the discharge pipe (9) with a low temperature. Point (7) is a heat exchanger, which absorbs heat to tap water. The

35. heat exchangers (5) and (8) are used to absorb heat for heating.

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SUBSTITUTE Point (l2) is a neutralisation unit which neutralises the water (21) (if necessary). Point (ll) is a heat pump with the aim of cooling the flue gas to almost complete con¬ densation. The hot part of the heat pump is used to pre- 5. heat the cold tap water (19) to the inlet (l5) fro the? tap water heat exchanger (7). Also, reference is made to an electronically controlled unit (13), with the aim of con¬ trolling ^s start and stop of the heat pump (ll) versus the oil burner ( 2 ) in order that they do not oppose each othen

10. An other specially preferred embodiment for the heating- plant according to the invention is shown on fig. 2, where the reference numbers which are less than or equal to 22 have the meanings indicated in connection with igure 1.

15. In this embodiment the following reference numbers in¬ dicated on figure 1 are missing:

7- Heat exchanger - tap water

10. Cooling media from the heat pump

11. Heat pump

20. 12. Neutralisator

13« Electronic control lk . Electric cable

1 . Hot water from discharge heat pump

16. Discharge hot tap water 25. 19. Cold tap water inlet

This embodiment also comprises:

23. Anti-pulsation tray 2k . Divertion valve

2 a Divertion valve - detail drawing 30. 24b Divertion valve - cold (open) condition 2 c Divertion valve - hot (closed) condition 25« Heat exchanging water chamber

26. separation plate between smoke washer water and central heating water ~ ^~ &_TE IJ

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'SUBSTITUTE

A more detailed description of the various construction parts appears from the following, as the points 1-22 are the same as in fig. 1, and the points 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, l4, 15, l6 and 19 are not marked on this drawing for the 5 _* sake of clarity. Apart from that, the drawing contains construction parts wich appear from the following:

Point (23) is an anti-pulsation tray, which suppresses the vibrations in the water mass. Point (24) is a diver¬ tion valve, which is shown on the detail drawing by point lυ. (24a) and (24b) (cold) and (24c) (hot). Point (25) is a heat exchanging water chamber, which replaces the pipe- heat exchanger in fig. 1. Point (26) is a plate which se¬ parates the central heating water from the smoke-washing water.

15. The operation of the shown embodiment for the heating plant is the same as the operation of the heating plant according to fig. 1, however, the following elements are added:

Point (23) is an anti-pulsation tray which suppresses 20. the vibrations in the water mass (2l), especially by a cold start. Point (24) diverts the pressure by start in the inner of the bubble device (4) as long as the bubble device ^4) and valve (24) are cold. Point (24a) is a de¬ tail drawing of the divertion valve (24) where the dotted 25. line shows a penetration in the bubble device (4). Point (24b) is the divertion valve in cold condition. By the start of the burner (2) the divertion valve (24) is opened, after operation in around one minute the diver¬ tion valve (24) closes as shown in point (24c). This, 30. together with the anti-pulsation tray (23) provides a soft start and a continuous quiet operation of the plant.

A third specially preferred embodiment of the heating plant according to the invention is shown on figure 3, where the reference numbers 1-26 in principle mean the

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SUBSTITUTE same as indicated in connection with fig. 1 and 2.

In this embodiment the following reference numbers in¬ dicated on fig. 1 are missing:

10. Cooling media from the heat pump 5. 11. Heat pump

12. Neutralisator

13. Electronic control

14. Electric cable

15. Hot water from discharge heat pump

10, In this embodiment:

8. is replaced by (8a), which is an air/air cross current heat exchanger

17. is replaced by (l7a), which is discharge heat, heating air

15 _* 18. is replaced by (lδa , which is return air, heating

25. is replaced by (25a), wMich is heat exchanging air chamber

This embodiment also contains:

27« Circulation pump 20. 28. Air blower

29. Connection pipes

A more detailed description of the separate construc¬ tion parts appear from the following, whereby the points 1-26, in principle, mean the same as indicated in connec-

25« tion with fig. 1 and 2. It should be noted, however, that point (8a) is an air to air heat exchanger, point (l7a) is hot air discharge for heating purposes and point (18a) is the cooled return air, perhaps mixed with fresh air, point (2 a) is heat exchanging air chamber, point (27)

30. is a circulation pump which circulate- the smoke washing water, point (28) is a motorized blower which presses

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SUBSTITUTE the central heating air around, and point (29) is a connection pipe between the upper and the lower heat exchanging part.

The operation of the shown embodiment for the heating 5. plant is similar to the embodiments according to fig. 1 and 2, however, the following is changed or added:

Instead of the upper heat exchanger (8) which works with air to water, point (8a) is an air to air cross cur¬ rent heat exchanger, as the hot flue gas, after passing

10. the bubble device (4) passes through the cross-current heat exchanger (8a) and transfers its heat to the return air from the heating (l8a). This returned air (l8a) is pressed through the connection pipe" (29) and passes the heat exchanging air chamber (25a) and is pressed out by

15. (l7a) as hot heating air, as the blower (28) circulate the air. Point (27) is a circulation pump which presses the smoke-washing water (21) round between the smoke- washer (4) and (21) and the tap water heat exchanger (7), at the same time the substantially horizontal part of the dome is cooled (5).