BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recombinant DNA technology refers generally to techniques of integrating genetic information from a donor source into vectors for subsequent processing, such as through introduction into a host, whereby the transferred genetic information is copied and/or expressed in the new environment. Commonly, the genetic information exists in the form of complementary DNA (cDNA) derived from messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for a desired protein product. The carrier is frequently a plasmid having the capacity to incorporate cDNA for later replication in a host and, in some cases, actually to control expression of the cDNA and thereby direct synthesis of the encoded product in the host.

For some time, it has been known that the mammalian immune response is based on a series of complex cellular interactions, called the"immune network". Recent research has provided new insights into the inner workings of this network. While it remains clear that much of the immune response does, in fact, revolve around the network- like interactions of lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and other cells, immunologists now generally hold the opinion that soluble proteins, known as lymphokines, cytokines, or monokines, play critical roles in controlling these cellular interactions. Thus, there is considerable interest in the isolation, characterization, and mechanisms of action of cell modulatory factors, an understanding of which will lead to significant advancements in the diagnosis and therapy of numerous medical abnormalities, e. g., immune system disorders.

Lymphokines apparently mediate cellular activities in a variety of ways. They have been shown to support the proliferation, growth, and/or differentiation of pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells into vast numbers of progenitors comprising diverse cellular lineages which make up a complex immune system. Proper and balanced interactions between the cellular components are necessary for a healthy immune response. The different cellular lineages often respond in a different manner when lymphokines are administered in conjunction with other agents.

Cell lineages especially important to the immune response include two classes of lymphocytes: B-cells, which can produce and secrete immunoglobulins (proteins with the capability of recognizing and binding to foreign matter to effect its removal), and T-cells of various subsets that secrete lymphokines and induce or suppress the B-cells and various other cells (including other T-

cells) making up the immune network. These lymphocytes interact with many other cell types.

Another important cell lineage is the mast cell (which has not been positively identified in all mammalian species), which is a granule-containing connective tissue cell located proximal to capillaries throughout the body.

These cells are found in especially high concentrations in the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Mast cells play a central role in allergy-related disorders, particularly anaphylaxis as follows: when selected antigens crosslink one class of immunoglobulins bound to receptors on the mast cell surface, the mast cell degranulates and releases mediators, e. g., histamine, serotonin, heparin, and prostaglandins, which cause allergic reactions, e. g., anaphylaxis.

Research to better understand and treat various immune disorders has been hampered by the general inability to maintain cells of the immune system in vitro.

Immunologists have discovered that culturing many of these cells can be accomplished through the use of T-cell and other cell supernatants, which contain various growth factors, including many of the lymphokines.

The interleukin-1 family of proteins includes the IL-la, the IL-lß, the IL-1RA, and recently the IL-ly (also designated Interferon-Gamma Inducing Factor, IGIF). This related family of genes have been implicated in a broad range of biological functions. See Dinarello (1994) FASEB J. 8: 1314-1325 ; Dinarello (1991) Blood 77: 1627-1652; and Okamura, et al. (1995) Nature 378: 88-91.

In addition, various growth and regulatory factors exist which modulate morphogenetic development. This includes, e. g., the Toll ligands, which signal through binding to receptors which share structural, and mechanistic, features characteristic of the IL-1 receptors. See, e. g., Lemaitre, et al. (1996) Cell

86: 973-983; and Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell & Devel. Biol. 12: 393-416.

From the foregoing, it is evident that the discovery and development of new soluble proteins and their receptors, including ones similar to lymphokines, should contribute to new therapies for a wide range of degenerative or abnormal conditions which directly or indirectly involve development, differentiation, or function, e. g., of the immune system and/or hematopoietic cells. In particular, the discovery and understanding of novel receptors for lymphokine-like molecules which enhance or potentiate the beneficial activities of other lymphokines would be highly advantageous. The present invention provides new receptors for ligands exhibiting similarity to interleukin-1 like compositions and related compounds, and methods for their use.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a schematic comparison of the protein architectures of Drosophila, Caenorabditis, and human DTLRs, and their relationship to vertebrate IL-1 receptors and plant disease resistance proteins. Three Drosophila (Dm) DTLRs (Toll, 18w, and the Mst ORF fragment) (Morisato and Anderson (1995) Ann. Rev. Genet. 29: 371-399; Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop. 47: 225-239; Mitcham, et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271 : 5777-5783 ; and Eldon, et al.

(1994) Develop. 120: 885-899) are arrayed beside four complete (DTLRs 1-4) and one partial (DTLR5) human (Hu) receptors. Individual LRRs in the receptor ectodomains that are flagged by PRINTS (Attwood, et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25' : 212-217) are explicitly noted by boxes; 'top'and'bottom'Cys-rich clusters that flank the C-or N-terminal ends of LRR arrays are respectively drawn by opposed half-circles. The loss of the internal Cys-rich region in DTLRs 1-5 largely accounts for their smaller ectodomains (558, 570,690, and 652 aa, respectively) when compared to the 784 and 977 aa extensions of Toll and 18w.

The incomplete chains of DmMst and HuDTLR5 (about 519 and 153 aa ectodomains, respectively) are represented by dashed lines. The intracellular signaling module common to DTLRs, IL-1-type receptors (IL-lRs), the intracellular protein Myd88, and the tobacco disease resistance gene N product (DRgN) is indicated below the membrane. See, e. g., Hardiman,. et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475 ; and Rock, et al. (1998) Proc. Nat'1 Acad. Sci. USA 95: 588-.

Additional domains include the trio of Ig-like modules in IL-lRs (disulfide-linked loops); the DRgN protein features an NTPase domain (box) and Myd88 has a death domain (black oval).

Figures 2A-2C show conserved structural patterns in the signaling domains of Toll-and IL-1-like cytokine receptors, and two divergent modular proteins. Figures 2A-2B show a sequence alignment of the common TH domain.

DTLRs are labeled as in Figure 1 ; the human (Hu) or mouse (Mo) IL-1 family receptors (IL-1R1-6) are sequentially numbered as earlier proposed (Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475); Myd88 and the sequences from tobacco (To) and flax, L. usitatissimum (Lu), represent C- and N-terminal domains, respectively, of larger, multidomain molecules. Ungapped blocks of sequence (numbered 1-10) are boxed. Triangles indicate deleterious mutations, while truncations N-terminal of the arrow eliminate bioactivity in human IL-1R1 (Heguy, et al.

(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267: 2605-2609). PHD (Rost and Sander (1994) Proteins 19: 55-72) and DSC (King and Sternberg (1996) Protein Sci. 5: 2298-2310) secondary structure predictions of a-helix (H), p-strand (E), or coil (L) are marked. The amino acid shading scheme depicts chemically similar residues: hydrophobic, acidic, basic, Cys, aromatic, structure-breaking, and tiny.

Diagnostic sequence patterns for IL-lRs, DTLRs, and full alignment (ALL) were derived by Consensus at a stringency of 75%. Symbols for amino acid subsets are (see internet site for detail): o, alcohol; 1, aliphatic;., any amino acid; a, aromatic; c, charged; h, hydrophobic;-, negative; p, polar; +, positive; s, small; u, tiny; t, turnlike. Figure 2C shows a topology diagram of the proposed TH P/ (x domain fold. The parallel ß-sheet (with P-strands A-E as yellow triangles) is seen at its C- terminal end ; a-helices (circles labeled 1-5) link the P- strands; chain connections are to the front (visible) or back (hidden). Conserved, charged residues at the C-end of the P-sheet are noted in gray (Asp) or as a lone black (Arg) residue (see text).

Figure 3 shows evolution of a signaling domain superfamily. The multiple TH module alignment of Figures 2A-2B was used to derive a phylogenetic tree by the Neighbor-Joining method (Thompson, et al. (1994) Nucleic

Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680). Proteins labeled as in the alignment ; the tree was rendered with TreeView.

Figures 4A-4D depict FISH chromosomal mapping of human DTLR genes. Denatured chromosomes from synchronous cultures of human lymphocytes were hybridized to biotinylated DTLR cDNA probes for localization. The assignment of the FISH mapping data (left, Figures 4A, DTLR2; 4B, DTLR3; 4C, DTLR4; 4D, DTLR5) with chromosomal bands was achieved by superimposing FISH signals with DAPI banded chromosomes (center panels). Heng and Tsui (1994) Meth. Molec. Biol. 33: 109-122. Analyses are summarized in the form of human chromosome ideograms (right panels).

Figures 5A-5F depict mRNA blot analyses of Human DTLRs. Human multiple tissue blots (He, heart ; Br, brain; Pl, placenta; Lu, lung; Li, liver; Mu, muscle; Ki, kidney; Pn, Pancreas; Sp, spleen ; Th, thymus; Pr, prostate; Te, testis; Ov, ovary, SI, small intestine; Co, colon; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes) and cancer cell line (promyelocytic leukemia, HL60; cervical cancer, HELAS3; chronic myelogenous leukemia, K562; lymphoblastic leukemia, Molt4; colorectal adenocarcinoma, SW480 ; melanoma, G361 ; Burkitt's Lymphoma Raji, Burkitt's; colorectal adenocarcinoma, SW480 ; lung carcinoma, A549) containing approximately 2 p. g of poly (A) + RNA per lane were probed with radiolabeled cDNAs encoding DTLR1 (Figures 5A-5C), DTLR2 (Figure 5D), DTLR3 (Figure 5E), and DTLR4 (Figure 5F) as described. Blots were exposed to X- ray film for 2 days (Figures 5A-5C) or one week (Figure 5D-5F) at-70° C with intensifying screens. An anomalous 0.3 kB species appears in some lanes; hybridization experiments exclude a message encoding a DTLR cytoplasmic fragment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to nine novel related mammalian receptors, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll receptor like molecular structures, designated DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, and DTLR10, and their biological activities. It includes nucleic acids coding for the polypeptides themselves and methods for their production and use. The nucleic acids of the invention are characterized, in part, by their homology to cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences enclosed herein.- In certain embodiments, the invention provides a composition of matter selected from the group of: a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR2 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO: 4; a natural sequence DTLR2 of SEQ ID NO: 4 ; a fusion protein comprising DTLR2 sequence ; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR3 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 6; a natural sequence DTLR3 of SEQ ID NO : 6; a fusion protein comprising DTLR3 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR4 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 26 ; a natural sequence DTLR4 of SEQ ID NO : 26; a fusion protein comprising DTLR4 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR5 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 10; a natural sequence DTLR5 of SEQ ID NO : 10; a fusion protein comprising DTLR5 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR6 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 12,28, or 30 ; a natural sequence DTLR6 of SEQ ID NO: 12,28, or 30; a fusion protein comprising DTLR6 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR7

protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 16, 18, or 37; a natural sequence DTLR7 of SEQ ID NO :. 16,18, or 37; a fusion protein comprising DTLR7 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR8 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO: 32 or 39; a natural sequence DTLR8 of SEQ ID NO : 32 or 39; a fusion protein comprising DTLR8 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR9 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 22 or 41; a natural sequence DTLR9 of SEQ ID NO: 22 or 41 ; a fusion protein comprising DTLR9 sequence; a substantially pure or recombinant DTLR10 protein or peptide exhibiting identity over a length of at least about 12 amino acids to SEQ ID NO : 34,43, or 45; a natural sequence DTLR10 of SEQ ID NO : 34,43, or 45; and a fusion protein comprising DTLR10 sequence. Preferably, the substantially pure or isolated protein comprises a segment exhibiting sequence identity to a corresponding portion of a DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10, wherein said identity is over at least about 15 amino acids; preferably about 19 amino acids ; or more preferably about 25 amino acids. In specific embodiments, the composition of matter: is DTLR2, which comprises a mature sequence of Table 2; or lacks a post-translational modification; is DTLR3, which comprises a mature. sequence of Table 3; or- lacks a post-translational modification; is DTLR4, which: comprises a mature sequence of Table 4; or lacks a post- translational modification ; is DTLR5, which: comprises the complete sequence of Table 5; or lacks a post-- translational; is DTLR6, which comprises a mature sequence of Table 6; or lacks a post-translational modification; is DTLR7, which comprises a mature sequence of Table 7; or lacks a post-translational modification; is DTLR8, which: comprises a mature sequence of Table 8 ; or lacks a post-

translational modification; is DTLR9, which: comprises the complete sequence of Table 9; or lacks a post- translational ; is DTLR10, which comprises a mature sequence of Table 10 ; or lacks a post-translational modification ; or the composition of matter may be a protein or peptide which: is from a warm blooded animal selected from a mammal, including a primate, such as a human ; comprises at least one polypeptide segment of SEQ ID NO : 4,6,26,10,12,28,30,16,18,32,22, or 34; exhibits a plurality of portions exhibiting said identity; is a natural allelic variant of DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10 ; has a length. at least about 30 amino acids; exhibits at least two non- overlapping epitopes which are specific for a primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10; exhibits sequence identity over a length of at least about 35 amino acids to a primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9. or DTLR10; further exhibits at least two non-overlapping epitopes which are specific for a primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10 ; exhibits identity over a length of at least about 20 amino acids to a rodent DTLR6; is glycosylated; has a molecular weight of at least 100 kD with natural glycosylation; is a synthetic polypeptide; is attached to a solid substrate; is conjugated to another chemical moiety; is a 5-fold or less substitution from natural sequence; or is a deletion or insertion variant from a natural sequence.

Other embodiments include a composition comprising: a sterile DTLR2 protein or peptide; or the DTLR2 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR3 protein or peptide; or the DTLR3 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound,. including water, saline,

and/or buffer ; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR4 protein or peptide ; or the DTLR4 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an'aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer ; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration ; a sterile DTLR5 protein or peptide; or the DTLR5 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR6 protein or peptide; or the DTLR6 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer ; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR7 protein or peptide ; or the DTLR7 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration ; a sterile DTLR8 protein or peptide; or the DTLR8 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR9 protein or peptide; or the DTLR9 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration; a sterile DTLR10 protein or peptide; or the DTLR10 protein or peptide and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration.

In certain fusion protein embodiments, the invention provides a fusion protein comprising: mature protein

sequence of Table 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10; a detection or purification tag, including a FLAG, His6, or Ig sequence; or sequence of another receptor protein.

Various kit embodiments include a kit comprising a DTLR protein or polypeptide, and: a compartment comprising the protein or polypeptide ; and/or instructions for use or disposal of reagents in the kit.

Binding compound embodiments include those comprising an antigen binding site from an antibody, which specifically binds to a natural DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10 protein, wherein: the protein is a primate protein; the binding compound is an Fv, Fab, or Fab2 fragment; the binding compound is conjugated to another chemical moiety; or the antibody: is raised against a peptide sequence of a mature polypeptide of Table 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10; is raised against a mature DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10; is raised to a purified human DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10 ; is immunoselected; is a polyclonal antibody; binds to a denatured DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10; exhibits a Kd to antigen of at least 30 jiM ; is attached to a solid substrate, including a bead or plastic membrane; is in a sterile composition; or is detectably labeled, including a radioactive or fluorescent label. A binding composition kit often comprises the binding compound, and: a compartment comprising said binding compound; and/or instructions for use or disposal of reagents in the kit.

Often the kit is capable of making a qualitative or quantitative analysis.

Methods are provided, e. g., of making an antibody, comprising immunizing an immune system with an immunogenic amount of a primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10, thereby causing said antibody to be produced; or producing an antigen: antibody

complex, comprising contacting such an antibody with a mammalian DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10 protein or peptide, thereby allowing said complex to form.

Other compositions include a composition comprising: a sterile binding compound, or the binding compound and a carrier, wherein the carrier is: an aqueous compound, including water, saline, and/or buffer ; and/or formulated for oral, rectal, nasal, topical, or parenteral administration.

Nucleic acid embodiments include an isolated or recombinant nucleic acid encoding a DTLR2-10 protein or peptide or fusion protein, wherein: the DTLR is from a mammal ; or the nucleic acid: encodes an antigenic peptide sequence of Table 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10; encodes a plurality of antigenic peptide sequences of Table 2,3,4, 5,6,7,8,9, or 10; comprises at least 17 contiguous nucleotides from Table 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10; exhibits at least about 80% identity to a natural cDNA encoding said segment; is an expression vector; further comprises an origin of replication; is from a natural source; comprises a detectable label; comprises synthetic nucleotide sequence; is less than 6 kb, preferably less than 3 kb; is from a mammal, including a primate; comprises a natural full length coding sequence; is a hybridization probe for a gene encoding said DTLR; or is a PCR primer, PCR product, or mutagenesis primer. A cell, tissue, or organ comprising such a recombinant nucleic acid is also provided. Preferably, the cell is: a prokaryotic cell ; a eukaryotic cell; a bacterial cell; a yeast cell; an insect cell ; a mammalian cell; a mouse cell; a primate cell; or a human cell. Kits are provided comprising such nucleic acids, and: a compartment comprising said nucleic acid; a compartment further comprising a primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, or DTLR5 protein or polypeptide; and/or instructions for use or disposal of

reagents in the kit. Often, the kit is capable of making a qualitative or quantitative analysis.

Other embodiments include a nucleic acid which: hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2M salt to SEQ ID NO: 3 ; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO: 5 ; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2M salt to SEQ ID NO: 7 ; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 9; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 11,13,27, or 29; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 15, 17, or 36; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 19,31, or 38; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 21 or 40; hybridizes under wash conditions of 30° C and less than 2 M salt to SEQ ID NO : 23,33,42, or 44; exhibits at least about 85% identity over a stretch of at least about 30 nucleotides to a primate DTLR2; exhibits at least about 85% identity over a stretch of at least about 30 nucleotides to a primate DTLR3; exhibits at least about 85% identity over a stretch of at least about 30 nucleotides to a primate DTLR4; or exhibits at least about 85% identity over a stretch of at least about 30 nucleotides to a primate DTLR5. Preferably, such nucleic acid will have such properties, wherein: wash conditions are at 45° C and/or 500 mM salt ; or the identity is at- least 90% and/or the stretch is at least 55 nucleotides.

More preferably, the wash conditions are at 55° C and/or 150 mM salt; or the identity is at least 95% and/or the stretch is at least 75 nucleotides.

Also provided are methods of producing a. ligand: receptor complex, comprising contacting a substantially pure primate DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5,.

DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10, including a recombinant or synthetically produced protein, with

candidate Toll ligand ; thereby allowing said complex to form.

The invention also provides a method of modulating physiology or development of a cell or tissue culture cells comprising contacting the cell with an agonist or antagonist of a mammalian DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, or DTLR10. Preferably, the cell is a pDC2 cell with the agonist or antagonist of DTLR10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OUTLINE I. General II. Activities III. Nucleic acids A. encoding fragments, sequence, probes B. mutations, chimeras, fusions C. making nucleic acids D. vectors, cells comprising IV. Proteins, Peptides A. fragments, sequence, immunogens, antigens B. muteins C. agonists/antagonists, functional equivalents D. making proteins V. Making nucleic acids, proteins A. synthetic B. recombinant C. natural sources VI. Antibodies A. polyclonals B. monoclonal C. fragments ; Kd D. anti-idiotypic antibodies E. hybridoma cell lines VII. Kits and Methods to quantify DTLRs 2-10 A. ELISA B. assay mRNA encoding C. qualitative/quantitative D. kits VIII. Therapeutic compositions, methods A. combination compositions B. unit dose C. administration IX. Ligands I. General The present invention provides the amino acid sequence and DNA sequence of mammalian, herein primate DNAX Toll like receptor molecules (DTLR) having particular defined properties, both structural and biological. These have been designated herein as DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, and DTLR10, respectively, and increase the number of members of the human Toll like

receptor family from 1 to 10. Various cDNAs encoding these molecules were obtained from primate, e. g., human, cDNA sequence libraries. Other primate or other mammalian counterparts would also be desired.

Some of the standard methods applicable are described or referenced, e. g., in Maniatis, et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Press; Sambrook, et al.

(1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, (2d ed.), vols. 1-3, CSH Press, NY; Ausubel, et al., Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, Brooklyn, NY; or Ausubel, et al.

(1987 and periodic supplements) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene/Wiley, New York; each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

A complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 2) of a human DTLR1 coding segment is shown in Table 1. See also Nomura, et al. (1994) DNA Res. 1: 27-35. A complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO : 3) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) of a human DTLR2 coding segment is shown in Table 2. A complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 5) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 6) of a human DTLR3 coding segment is shown in Table 3. A complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 7) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 8) of a human DTLR4 coding segment is shown in Table 4; see also SEQ ID NO : 25 and 26. A partial nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 9) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) of a human DTLR5 coding segment is shown in Table 5. A complete nucleotide (SEQ ID NO : 11) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) of a human DTLR6 coding segment is shown in Table 6, along with partial sequence of a mouse DTLR6 (SEQ ID NO : 13,14,27,28,29, and 30). Partial nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 17) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 16 and 18) of a human DTLR7 coding segment is shown in Table 7; full length sequence is

provided in SEQ ID NO: 36 and 37. Partial nucleotide (SEQ ID NO : 19) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 20) of a human DTLR8 coding segment is shown in Table 8, with supplementary sequence (SEQ'ID NO : 31,32,38, and 39). Partial nucleotide (SEQ ID NO : 21) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 22) of a human DTLR9 coding segment is shown in Table 9; see also SEQ ID NO : 40 and 41. Partial nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 23) and corresponding amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 24) of a human DTLR10 coding segment is shown in Table 10, along with supplementary sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33,34,42, and 43) and rodent, e. g., mouse, sequence (SEQ ID NO : 35,44, and 45).

Table 1 : Nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 1 and 2) of a primate, e. g., human, DNAX Toll like receptor 1 (DTLR1).

ATG ACT AGC ATC TTC CAT TTT GCC ATT ATC TTC ATG TTA ATA CTT CAG 48 Met Thr Ser Ile Phe His Phe Ala Ile Ile Phe Met Leu Ile Leu Gln -22-20-15-10 ATC AGA ATA CAA TTA TCT GAA GAA AGT GAA TTT TTA GTT GAT AGG TCA 96 He Arg Ile Gln Leu'Ser Glu Glu Ser Glu Phe Leu Val Asp Arg Ser -5 1 5 10 AAA AAC GGT CTC ATC CAC GTT CCT AAA GAC CTA TCC CAG AAA ACA ACA 144 Lys Asn Gly Leu Ile His Val Pro Lys Asp Leu Ser Gln Lys Thr Thr 15 20 25 ATC TTA AAT ATA TCG CAA AAT TAT ATA TCT GAG CTT TGG ACT TCT GAC 192 Ile Leu Asn Ile Ser Gln Asn Tyr Ile Ser Glu Leu Trp Thr Ser Asp 30 35 40 ATC TTA TCA CTG TCA AAA CTG AGG ATT TTG ATA ATT TCT CAT AAT AGA 240 Ile Leu Ser Leu Ser Lys Leu Arg Ile Leu Ile Ile Ser His Asn Arg 45 50 55 ATC CAG TAT CTT GAT ATC AGT GTT TTC AAA TTC AAC CAG GAA TTG GAA 288 Ile Gln Tyr Leu Asp Ile Ser Val Phe Lys Phe Asn Gln Glu Leu Glu 60 65 70 TAC TTG GAT TTG TCC CAC AAC AAG TTG GTG AAG ATT TCT TGC CAC CCT 336 Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser His Asn Lys Leu Val Lys Ile Ser Cys His Pro 75 80 85 90 ACT GTG AAC CTC AAG CAC TTG GAC CTG TCA TTT AAT GCA TTT GAT GCC 384 Thr Val Asn Leu Lys His Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Ala Phe Asp Ala 95 100 105 CTG CCT ATA TGC AAA GAG TTT GGC AAT ATG TCT CAA CTA AAA TTT CTG 432 Leu Pro Ile Cys Lys Glu Phe Gly Asn Met Ser Gln Leu Lys Phe Leu 110 115 120 GGG TTG AGC ACC ACA CAC TTA GAA AAA TCT AGT GTG CTG CCA ATT GCT 480 Gly Leu Ser Thr Thr His Leu Glu Lys Ser Ser Val Leu Pro Ile Ala 125 130 135 CAT TTG AAT ATC AGC AAG GTC TTG CTG GTC TTA GGA GAG ACT TAT GGG 528 His Leu Asn Ile Ser Lys Val Leu Leu Val Leu Gly Glu Thr Tyr Gly 140 145 150 GAA AAA GAA GAC CCT GAG GGC CTT CAA GAC TTT AAC ACT GAG AGT CTG 576 Glu Lys Glu Asp Pro Glu Gly Leu Gln Asp Phe Asn Thr Glu Ser Leu 155 160 165 170 CAC ATT GTG TTC CCC ACA AAC AAA GAA TTC CAT TTT ATT TTG GAT GTG 624 His Ile Val Phe Pro Thr Asn Lys Glu Phe His Phe Ile Leu Asp Val 175'180 185

TCA GTC AAG ACT GTA GCA AAT CTG GAA CTA TCT AAT ATC AAA TGT GTG 672 Ser Val Lys Thr Val Ala Asn Leu Glu Leu Ser Asn Ile Lys Cys Val 190 195 200 CTA GAA GAT AAC AAA TGT TCT TAC TTC CTA AGT ATT CTG GCG AAA CTT 720 Leu Glu Asp Asn Lys Cys Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ser Ile Leu Ala Lys Leu 205 210 215 CAA ACA AAT CCA AAG TTA TCA AGT CTT ACC TTA AAC AAC ATT GAA ACA 768 Gln Thr Asn Pro Lys Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu Asn Asn Ile Glu Thr 220 225 230 ACT TGG AAT TCT TTC ATT AGG ATC CTC CAA CTA GTT TGG CAT ACA ACT 816 Thr Trp Asn Ser Phe Ile Arg Ile Leu Gln Leu Val Trp His Thr Thr 235 240 245 250 GTA TGG TAT TTC TCA ATT TCA AAC GTG AAG CTA CAG GGT CAG CTG GAC 864 Val Trp Tyr Phe Ser Ile Ser Asn Val Lys Leu Gln Gly Gln Leu Asp 255 260 265 TTC AGA GAT TTT GAT TAT TCT GGC ACT TCC TTG AAG GCC TTG TCT ATA 912 Phe Arg Asp Phe Asp Tyr Ser Gly Thr Ser Leu Lys Ala Leu Ser Ile 270 275 280 CAC CAA GTT GTC AGC GAT GTG TTC GGT TTT CCG CAA AGT TAT ATC TAT 960 His Gln Val Val Ser Asp Val Phe Gly Phe Pro Gln Ser Tyr Ile Tyr 285 290 295 GAA ATC TTT TCG AAT ATG AAC ATC AAA AAT TTC ACA GTG TCT GGT ACA 1008 Glu Ile Phe Ser Asn Met Asn Ile Lys Asn Phe Thr Val Ser Gly Thr 300 305 310 CGC ATG GTC CAC ATG CTT TGC CCA TCC AAA ATT AGC CCG TTC CTG CAT 105f Arg Met Val His Met Leu Cys Pro Ser Lys Ile Ser Pro Phe Leu His 315 320 325 330 TTG GAT TTT TCC AAT AAT CTC TTA ACA GAC ACG GTT TTT GAA AAT TGT 110 Leu Asp Phe Ser Asn Asn Leu Leu Thr Asp Thr Val Phe Glu Asn Cys 335 340 345 GGG CAC CTT ACT GAG TTG GAG ACA CTT ATT TTA CAA ATG AAT CAA TTA 115 : Gly His Leu Thr Glu Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Leu Gln Met Asn Gln Leu 350 355 360 AAA GAA CTT TCA AAA ATA GCT GAA ATG ACT ACA CAG ATG AAG TCT CTG 120< Lys Glu Leu Ser Lys Ile Ala Glu Met Thr Thr Gln Met Lys Ser Leu 365 370 375 CAA CAA TTG GAT ATT AGC CAG AAT TCT GTA AGC TAT GAT GAA AAG AAA 124 Gln Gln Leu Asp Ile Ser Gln Asn Ser Val Ser Tyr Asp Glu Lys Lys 380 385 390 GGA GAC TGT TCT TGG ACT AAA AGT TTA TTA AGT TTA AAT ATG TCT TCA 129 Gly Asp Cys Ser Trp Thr Lys Ser Leu Leu Ser Leu Asn Met Ser Ser 395 400 405 410

AAT ATA CTT ACT GAC ACT ATT TTC AGA TGT TTA CCT CCC AGG ATC AAG 1344 Asn Ile Leu Thr Asp Thr Ile Phe Arg Cys Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Lys 415 420 425 GTA CTT GAT CTT CAC AGC AAT AAA ATA AAG AGC'ATT CCT AAA CAA GTC 1392 Val Leu Asp Leu His Ser Asn Lys Ile Lys Ser Ile Pro Lys Gin Val 430 435 440 GTA AAA CTG GAA GCT TTG CAA GAA CTC AAT GTT GCT TTC AAT TCT TTA 1440 Val Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Gin Glu Leu Asn Val Ala Phe Asn Ser Leu 445 450'455 ACT GAC CTT CCT GGA TGT GGC AGC TTT AGC AGC CTT TCT GTA TTG ATC 1488 Thr Asp Leu Pro Gly Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Ser Leu Ser Val Leu Ile 460 465 470 ATT GAT CAC AAT TCA GTT TCC CAC CCA TCA GCT GAT TTC TTC CAG AGC 1536 Ile Asp His Asn Ser Val Ser His Pro Ser Ala Asp Phe Phe Gin Ser 475 480 485 490 TGC CAG AAG ATG AGG TCA ATA AAA GCA GGG GAC AAT CCA TTC CAA TGT 1584 Cys Gin Lys Met Arg Ser Ile Lys Ala Gly Asp Asn Pro Phe Gin Cys 495 500 505 ACC TGT GAG CTC GGA GAA TTT GTC AAA AAT ATA GAC CAA GTA TCA AGT 1632 Thr Cys Glu Leu Gly Glu Phe Val Lys Asn Ile Asp Gin Val Ser Ser 510 515 520 GAA GTG TTA GAG GGC TGG CCT GAT TCT TAT AAG TGT GAC TAC CCG GAA 1680 Glu Val Leu Glu Gly Trp Pro Asp Ser Tyr Lys Cys Asp Tyr Pro Glu 525 530 535 AGT TAT AGA GGA ACC CTA CTA AAG GAC TTT CAC ATG TCT GAA TTA TCC 1728 Ser Tyr Arg Gly Thr Leu Leu Lys Asp Phe His Met Ser Glu Leu Ser 540 545 550 TGC AAC ATA ACT CTG CTG ATC GTC ACC ATC GTT GCC ACC ATG CTG GTG 1776 Cys Asn Ile Thr Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Ile Val Ala Thr Met Leu Val 555 560 565 570 TTG GCT GTG ACT GTG ACC TCC CTC TGC ATC TAC TTG GAT CTG CCC TGG 1824 Leu Ala Val Thr Val Thr Ser Leu Cys Ile Tyr Leu Asp Leu Pro Trp 575 580 585 TAT CTC AGG ATG GTG TGC CAG TGG ACC CAG ACC CGG CGC AGG GCC AGG 1872 Tyr Leu Arg Met Val Cys Gin Trp Thr Gin Thr Arg Arg Arg Ala Arg 590 595 600 AAC ATA CCC TTA GAA GAA CTC CAA AGA AAT CTC CAG TTT CAT GCA TTT 1920 Asn Ile Pro Leu Glu Glu Leu Gin Arg Asn Leu Gin Phe His Ala Phe 605 610 615

ATT TCA TAT AGT GGG CAC GAT TCT TTC TGG GTG AAG AAT GAA TTA TTG 196S Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly His Asp Ser Phe Trp Val Lys Asn Glu Leu Leu 620 625 630 CCA AAC CTA GAG AAA GAA GGT ATG CAG ATT TGC CTT CAT GAG AGA AAC 2016 Pro Asn Leu Glu Lys Glu Gly Met Gln Ile Cys Leu His Glu Arg Asn 635 640 645 650 TTT GTT CCT GGC AAG AGC ATT GTG GAA AAT ATC ATC ACC TGC ATT GAG 2064 Phe Val Pro Gly Lys Ser Ile Val Glu Asn Ile Ile Thr Cys Ile Glu 655 660 665 AAG AGT TAC AAG TCC ATC TTT GTT TTG TCT CCC AAC TTT GTC CAG AGT 2112 Lys Ser Tyr Lys Ser Ile Phe Val Leu Ser Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Ser 670 675 680 GAA TGG TGC CAT TAT GAA CTC TAC TTT GCC CAT CAC AAT CTC TTT CAT 2160 Glu Trp Cys His Tyr Glu Leu Tyr Phe Ala His His Asn Leu Phe His 685 690 695 GAA GGA TCT AAT AGC TTA ATC CTG ATC TTG CTG GAA CCC ATT CCG CAG 2208 Glu Gly Ser Asn Ser Leu Ile Leu Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Gln 700 705 710 TAC TCC ATT CCT AGC AGT TAT CAC AAG CTC AAA AGT CTC ATG GCC AGG 2256 Tyr Ser Ile Pro Ser Ser Tyr His Lys Leu Lys Ser Leu Met Ala Arg 715 720 725 730 AGG ACT TAT TTG GAA TGG CCC AAG GAA AAG AGC AAA CGT GGC CTT TTT 2304 Arg Thr Tyr Leu Glu Trp Pro Lys Glu Lys Ser Lys Arg Gly Leu Phe 735 740 745 TGG GCT AAC TTA AGG GCA GCC ATT AAT ATT AAG CTG ACA GAG CAA GCA 2352 Trp Ala Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Asn Ile Lys Leu Thr Glu Gln Ala 750 755 760 AAG AAA TAGTCTAGA 2367 Lys Lys <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> MTSIFHFAIIFMLILQIRIQLSEESEFLVDRSKNGLIHVPKDLSQKTTILNISQNYISEL WTSDILSLSKLRILI ISHNRIQYLDISVFKFNQELEYLDLSHNKLVKISCHPTVNLKHLDLSFNAFDALPICKEF GNMSQLKFLGLSTTH <BR> <BR> LEKSSVLPIAHLNISKVLLVLGETYGEKEDPEGLQDFNTESLHIVFPTNKEFHFILDVSV KTVANLELSNIKCVL<BR> <BR> <BR> EDNKCSYFLSILAKLQTNPKLSSLTLNNIETTWNSFIRILQLVWHTTVWYFSISNVKLQG QLDFRDFDYSGTSLK<BR> <BR> <BR> ALSIHQWSDVFGFPQSYIYEIFSNMNIKNFTVSGTRMVHMLCPSKISPFLHLDFSNNLLT DTVFENCGHLTELE<BR> <BR> <BR> TLILQMNQLKELSKIAEMTTQMKSLQQLDISQNSVSYDEKKGDCSWTKSLLSLNMSSNIL TDTIFRCLPPRIKVL<BR> <BR> <BR> DLHSNKIKSIPKQWKLEALQELNVAFNSLTDLPGCGSFSSLSVLIIDHNSVSHPSADFFQ SCQKMRSIKAGDNP<BR> <BR> <BR> FQCTCELGEFVKNIDQVSSEVLEGWPDSYKCDYPESYRGTLLKDFHMSELSCNITLLIVT IVATMLVLAVTVTSL<BR> <BR> <BR> CIYLDLPWYLRMVCQWTQTRRRARNIPLEELQRNLQFHAFISYSGHDSFWVKNELLPNLE KEGMQICLHERNFVP<BR> <BR> <BR> GKSIVENIITCIEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQSEWCHYELYFAHHNLFHEGSNSLILILLEPIP QYSIPSSYHKLKSLM<BR> <BR> <BR> ARRTYLEWPKEKSKRGLFWANLRAAINIKLTEQAKK

Table 2: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 3 and 4) of a primate, e. g., human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 2 (DTLR2).

ATG CCA CAT ACT TTG TGG ATG GTG TGG GTC TTG GGG GTC ATC ATC AGC 48 Met Pro His Thr Leu Trp Met Val Trp Val Leu Gly Val Ile Ile Ser -22-20-15-10 CTC TCC AAG GAA GAA TCC TCC AAT CAG GCT TCT CTG TCT TGT GAC CGC 96 Leu Ser Lys Glu Glu Ser Ser Asn Gln Ala Ser Leu Ser Cys Asp Arg -5 1 5 10 AAT GGT ATC TGC AAG GGC AGC TCA GGA TCT TTA AAC TCC ATT CCC TCA 144 Asn Gly Ile Cys Lys Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Leu Asn Ser Ile Pro Ser 15 20 25 GGG CTC ACA GAA GCT GTA AAA AGC CTT GAC CTG TCC AAC AAC AGG ATC 192 Gly Leu Thr Glu Ala Val Lys Ser Leu Asp Leu Ser Asn Asn Arg Ile 30 35 40 ACC TAC ATT AGC AAC AGT GAC CTA CAG AGG TGT GTG AAC CTC CAG GCT 240 Thr Tyr Ile Ser Asn Ser Asp Leu Gln Arg Cys Val Asn Leu Gln Ala 45 50 55 CTG GTG CTG ACA TCC AAT GGA ATT AAC ACA ATA GAG GAA GAT TCT TTT 288 Leu Val Leu Thr Ser Asn Gly Ile Asn Thr Ile Glu Glu Asp Ser Phe 60 65 70 TCT TCC CTG GGC AGT CTT GAA CAT TTA GAC TTA TCC TAT AAT TAC TTA 336 Ser Ser Leu Gly Ser Leu Glu His Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Tyr Leu 75 80 85 90 TCT AAT TTA TCG TCT TCC TGG TTC AAG CCC CTT TCT TCT TTA ACA TTC 384 Ser Asn Leu Ser Ser Ser Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Phe 95 100 105 TTA AAC TTA CTG GGA AAT CCT TAC AAA ACC CTA GGG GAA ACA TCT CTT 432 Leu Asn Leu Leu Gly Asn Pro Tyr Lys Thr Leu Gly Glu Thr Ser Leu 110 115 120 TTT TCT CAT CTC ACA AAA TTG CAA ATC CTG AGA GTG GGA AAT ATG GAC 480 Phe Ser His Leu Thr Lys Leu Gln Ile Leu Arg Val Gly Asn Met Asp 125 130 135 ACC TTC ACT AAG ATT CAA AGA AAA GAT TTT GCT GGA CTT ACC TTC CTT 528 Thr Phe Thr Lys Ile Gln Arg Lys Asp Phe Ala Gly Leu Thr Phe Leu 140 145 150 GAG GAA CTT GAG ATT GAT GCT TCA GAT CTA CAG AGC TAT GAG CCA AAA 576 Glu Glu Leu Glu Ile Asp Ala Ser Asp Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu Pro Lys 155 160 165 170 AGT TTG AAG TCA ATT CAG AAC GTA AGT CAT CTG ATC CTT CAT ATG AAG 624 Ser Leu Lys Ser Ile Gln Asn Val Ser His Leu Ile Leu His Met Lys 175 180 185

CAG CAT ATT TTA CTG CTG GAG ATT TTT GTA GAT GTT ACA AGT TCC GTG 672 Gln His Ile Leu Leu Leu Glu Ile Phe Val Asp Val Thr Ser Ser Val 190 195 200 GAA TGT TTG GAA CTG CGA GAT ACT GAT TTG GAC ACT TTC CAT TTT TCA 720 Glu Cys Leu Glu Leu Arg Asp Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Phe His Phe Ser 205 210 215 GAA CTA TCC ACT GGT GAA ACA AAT TCA TTG ATT AAA AAG TTT ACA TTT 768 Glu Leu Ser Thr Gly Glu Thr Asn Ser Leu Ile Lys Lys Phe Thr Phe 220 225 230 AGA AAT GTG AAA ATC ACC GAT GAA AGT TTG TTT CAG GTT ATG AAA CTT 816 Arg Asn Val Lys Ile Thr Asp Glu Ser Leu Phe Gln Val Met Lys Leu 235 240 245 250 TTG AAT CAG ATT TCT GGA TTG TTA GAA TTA GAG TTT GAT GAC TGT ACC 864 Leu Asn Gln Ile Ser Gly Leu Leu Glu Leu Glu Phe Asp Asp Cys Thr 255 260 265 CTT AAT GGA GTT GGT AAT TTT AGA GCA TCT GAT AAT GAC AGA GTT ATA 912 Leu Asn Gly Val Gly Asn Phe Arg Ala Ser Asp Asn Asp Arg Val Ile 270 275 280 GAT CCA GGT AAA GTG GAA ACG TTA ACA ATC CGG AGG CTG CAT ATT CCA 960 Asp Pro Gly Lys Val Glu Thr Leu Thr Ile Arg Arg Leu His Ile Pro 285 290 295 AGG TTT TAC TTA TTT TAT GAT CTG AGC ACT TTA TAT TCA CTT ACA GAA 1008 Arg Phe Tyr Leu Phe Tyr Asp Leu Ser Thr Leu Tyr Ser Leu Thr Glu 300 305 310 AGA GTT AAA AGA ATC ACA GTA GAA AAC AGT AAA GTT TTT CTG GTT CCT s 1056 Arg Val Lys Arg Ile Thr Val Glu Asn Ser Lys Val Phe Leu Val Pro 315 320 325 330 TGT TTA CTT TCA CAA CAT TTA AAA TCA TTA GAA TAC TTG GAT CTC AGT 1104 Cys Leu Leu Ser Gln His Leu Lys Ser Leu Glu Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser 335 340 345 GAA AAT TTG ATG GTT GAA GAA TAC TTG AAA AAT TCA GCC TGT GAG GAT 1152 Glu Asn Leu Met Val Glu Glu Tyr Leu Lys Asn Ser Ala Cys Glu Asp 350 355 360 GCC TGG CCC TCT CTA CAA ACT TTA ATT TTA AGG CAA AAT CAT TTG GCA 1200 Ala Trp Pro Ser Leu Gln Thr Leu Ile Leu Arg Gln Asn His Leu Ala 365 370 375 TCA TTG GAA AAA ACC GGA GAG ACT TTG CTC ACT CTG AAA AAC TTG ACT 1248 Ser Leu Glu Lys Thr Gly Glu Thr Leu Leu Thr Leu Lys Asn Leu Thr 380 385 390 AAC ATT GAT ATC AGT AAG AAT AGT TTT CAT TCT ATG CCT GAA ACT TGT 1296 Asn Ile Asp Ile Ser Lys Asn'Ser Phe His Ser Met Pro Glu Thr Cys 395 400 405 410

CAG TGG CCA GAA AAG ATG AAA TAT TTG AAC TTA TCC AGC ACA CGA ATA 1344 Gln Trp Pro Glu Lys Met Lys Tyr Leu Asn Leu Ser Ser Thr Arg Ile 415 420 425 CAC AGT GTA ACA GGC TGC ATT CCC'AAG ACA CTG GAA ATT TTA GAT GTT 1392 His Ser Val Thr Gly Cys Ile Pro Lys Thr Leu Glu Ile Leu Asp Val 430 435 440 AGC AAC AAC AAT CTC AAT TTA TTT TCT TTG AAT TTG CCG CAA CTC AAA 1440 Ser Asn Asn Asn Leu Asn Leu Phe Ser Leu Asn Leu Pro Gln Leu Lys 445 450 455 GAA CTT TAT ATT TCC AGA AAT AAG TTG ATG ACT CTA CCA GAT GCC TCC 1488 Glu Leu Tyr Ile Ser Arg Asn Lys Leu Met Thr Leu Pro Asp Ala Ser 460 465 470 CTC TTA CCC ATG TTA CTA GTA TTG AAA ATC AGT AGG AAT GCA ATA ACT 1536 Leu Leu Pro Met Leu Leu Val Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Asn Ala Ile Thr 475 480 485 490 ACG TTT TCT AAG GAG CAA CTT GAC TCA TTT CAC ACA CTG AAG ACT TTG 1584 Thr Phe Ser Lys Glu Gln Leu Asp Ser Phe His Thr Leu Lys Thr Leu 495 500 505 GAA GCT GGT GGC AAT AAC TTC ATT TGC TCC TGT GAA TTC CTC TCC TTC 1632 Glu Ala Gly Gly Asn Asn Phe Ile Cys Ser Cys Glu Phe Leu Ser Phe 510 515 520 ACT CAG GAG CAG CAA GCA CTG GCC AAA GTC TTG ATT GAT TGG CCA GCA 1680 Thr Gln Glu Gln Gln Ala Leu Ala Lys Val Leu Ile Asp Trp Pro Ala 525 530 535 AAT TAC CTG TGT GAC TCT CCA TCC CAT GTG CGT GGC CAG CAG GTT CAG 1728 Asn Tyr Leu Cys Asp Ser Pro Ser His Val Arg Gly Gln G1n Val G1n 540 545 550 GAT GTC CGC CTC TCG GTG TCG GAA TGT CAC AGG ACA GCA CTG GTG TCT 1776 Asp Val Arg Leu Ser Val Ser Glu Cys His Arg Thr Ala Leu Val Ser 555 560 565 570 GGC ATG TGC TGT. GCT CTG TTC CTG CTG ATC CTG CTC ACG GGG GTC CTG 1824 Gly Met Cys Cys Ala Leu Phe Leu Leu Ile Leu Leu Thr Gly Val Leu 575 580 585 TGC CAC CGT TTC CAT GGC CTG TGG TAT ATG AAA ATG ATG TGG GCC TGG 1872 Cys His Arg Phe His Gly Leu Trp Tyr Met Lys Met Met Trp Ala Trp 590 595 600 CTC CAG GCC AAA AGG AAG CCC AGG AAA GCT CCC AGC AGG AAC ATC TGC 1920 Leu Gln Ala Lys Arg Lys Pro Arg Lys Ala Pro Ser Arg Asn He Cys 605 610 615

TAT GAT GCA TTT GTT TCT TAC AGT GAG CGG GAT GCC TAC TGG GTG GAG 1968 Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ser Glu Arg Asp Ala Tyr Trp Val Glu 620 625 630 AAC CTT ATG GTC CAG GAG CTG GAG AAC TTC AAT'CCC CCC TTC AAG TTG 2016 Asn Leu Met Val Gln Glu Leu Glu Asn Phe Asn Pro Pro Phe Lys Leu 635 640 645 650 TGT CTT CAT AAG CGG GAC TTC ATT CCT GGC AAG TGG ATC ATT GAC AAT 2064 Cys Leu His Lys Arg Asp Phe Ile Pro Gly Lys Trp Ile Ile Asp Asn 655 660 665 ATC ATT GAC TCC ATT GAA AAG AGC CAC AAA ACT GTC TTT GTG CTT TCT 2112 Ile Ile Asp Ser Ile Glu Lys Ser His Lys Thr Val Phe Val Leu Ser 670 675 680 GAA AAC TTT GTG AAG AGT GAG TGG TGC AAG TAT GAA CTG GAC TTC TCC 2160 Glu Asn Phe Val Lys Ser Glu Trp Cys Lys Tyr Glu Leu Asp Phe Ser 685 690 695 CAT TTC CGT CTT TTT GAA GAG AAC AAT GAT GCT GCC ATT CTC ATT CTT 2208 His Phe Arg Leu Phe Glu Glu Asn Asn Asp Ala Ala Ile Leu Ile Leu 700 705 710 CTG GAG CCC ATT GAG AAA AAA GCC ATT CCC CAG CGC TTC TGC AAG CTG 2256 Leu Glu Pro Ile Glu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Gln Arg Phe Cys Lys Leu 715 720 725 730 CGG AAG ATA ATG AAC ACC AAG ACC TAC CTG GAG TGG CCC ATG GAC GAG 2304 Arg Lys Ile Met Asn Thr Lys Thr Tyr Leu Glu Trp Pro Met Asp Glu 735 740 745 GCT CAG CGG GAA GGA TTT TGG GTA AAT CTG AGA GCT GCG ATA AAG TCC 2352 Ala Gln Arg Glu Gly Phe Trp Val Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala lie Lys Ser 750 755 760 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> TAG 2355<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> MPHTLWMVWVLGVIISLSKEESSNQASLSCDRNGICKGSSGSLNSIPSGLTEAVKSLDLS NNRITYISNSDLQRC<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> VNLQALVLTSNGINTIEEDSFSSLGSLEHLDLSYNYLSNLSSSWFKPLSSLTFLNLLGNP YKTLGETSLFSHLTK<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LQILRVGNMDTFTKIQRKDFAGLTFLEELEIDASDLQSYEPKSLKSIQNVSHLILHMKQH ILLLEIFVDVTSSVE<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> CLELRDTDLDTFHFSELSTGETNSLIKKFTFRNVKITDESLFQVMKLLNQISGLLELEFD DCTLNGVGNFRASDN<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> DRVIDPGKVETLTIRRLHIPRFYLFYDLSTLYSLTERVKRITVENSKVFLVPCLLSQHLK SLEYLDLSENLMVEE YLKNSACEDAWPSLQTLILRQNHLASLEKTGETLLTLKNLTNIDISKNSFHSMPETCQWP EKMKYLNLSSTRIHS <BR> <BR> <BR> VTGCIPKTLEILDVSNNNLNLFSLNLPQLKELYISRNKLMTLPDASLLPMLLVLKISRNA ITTFSKEQLDSFHTL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> KTLEAGGNNFICSCEFLSFTQEQQALAKVLIDWPANYLCDSPSHVRGQQVQDVRLSVSEC HRTALVSGMCCALFL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LILLTGVLCHRFHGLWYMKMMWAWLQAKRKPRKAPSRNICYDAFVSYSERDAYWVENLMV QELENFNPPFKLCLH<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> KRDFIPGKWIIDNIIDSIEKSHKTVFVLSENFVKSEWCKYELDFSHFRLFEENNDAAILI LLEPIEKKAIPQRFC KLRKIMNTKTYLEWPMDEAQREGFWVNLRAAIKS

Table 3: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 5 and 6) of a mammalian, e. g., human, Toll like Receptor 3 (DTLR3).

ATG AGA CAG ACT TTG CCT TGT ATC TAC TTT TGG GGG GGC CTT TTG CCC 48 Met Arg Gin Thr Leu Pro Cys Ile Tyr Phe Trp Gly Gly Leu Leu Pro -21-20-15 10 TTT GGG ATG CTG TGT GCA TCC TCC ACC ACC AAG TGC ACT GTT AGC CAT 96 Phe Gly Met Leu Cys Ala Ser Ser Thr Thr Lys Cys Thr Val Ser His -5 1 5 10 GAA GTT GCT GAC TGC AGC CAC CTG AAG TTG ACT CAG GTA CCC GAT GAT 144 Glu Val Ala Asp Cys Ser His Leu Lys Leu Thr Gin Val Pro Asp Asp 15 20 25 CTA CCC ACA AAC ATA ACA GTG TTG AAC CTT ACC CAT AAT CAA CTC AGA 192 Leu Pro Thr Asn Ile Thr Val Leu Asn Leu Thr His Asn Gin Leu Arg 30 35 40 AGA TTA CCA GCC GCC AAC TTC ACA AGG TAT AGC CAG CTA ACT AGC TTG 240 Arg Leu Pro Ala Ala Asn Phe Thr Arg Tyr Ser Gin Leu Thr Ser Leu 45 50 55 GAT GTA GGA TTT AAC ACC ATC TCA AAA CTG GAG CCA GAA TTG TGC CAG 288 Asp Val Gly Phe Asn Thr Ile Ser Lys Leu Glu Pro Glu Leu Cys Gin 60 65 70 75 AAA CTT CCC ATG TTA AAA GTT TTG AAC CTC CAG CAC AAT GAG CTA TCT 336 Lys Leu Pro Met Leu Lys Val Leu Asn Leu Gin His Asn Glu Leu Ser 80 85 90 CAA CTT TCT GAT AAA ACC TTT GCC TTC TGC ACG AAT TTG ACT GAA CTC 384 Gin Leu Ser Asp Lys Thr Phe Ala Phe Cys Thr Asn Leu Thr Glu Leu 95 100 105 CAT CTC ATG TCC AAC TCA ATC CAG AAA ATT AAA AAT AAT CCC TTT GTC 432 His Leu Met Ser Asn Ser Ile Gin Lys Ile Lys Asn Asn Pro Phe Val 110 115 120 AAG CAG AAG AAT TTA ATC ACA TTA GAT CTG TCT CAT AAT GGC TTG TCA 480 Lys Gin Lys Asn Leu Ile Thr Leu Asp Leu Ser His Asn Gly Leu Ser 125 130 135 TCT ACA AAA TTA GGA ACT CAG GTT CAG CTG GAA AAT CTC CAA GAG CTT 528 Ser Thr Lys Leu Gly Thr Gln Val Gin Leu Glu Asn Leu Gln Glu Leu 140 145 150 155 CTA TTA TCA AAC AAT AAA ATT. CAA GCG CTA AAA AGT GAA GAA CTG GAT 576 Leu Leu Ser Asn Asn Lys Ile Gln Ala Leu Lys Ser Glu Glu Leu Asp 160 165 170 ATC TTT GCC AAT TCA TCT TTA AAA AAA TTA GAG TTG TCA TCG AAT CAA 624 Ile Phe Ala Asn Ser Ser Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Leu Ser Ser Asn Gin 175 180 185

ATT AAA GAG TTT TCT CCA GGG TGT TTT CAC GCA ATT GGA AGA TTA TTT 672 Ile Lys Glu Phe Ser Pro Gly Cys Phe His Ala Ile Gly Arg Leu Phe 190 195 200 GGC CTC TTT CTG AAC AAT GTC CAG CTG GGT CCC AGC CTT ACA GAG AAG 720 Gly Leu Phe Leu Asn Asn Val Gln Leu Gly Pro Ser Leu Thr Glu Lys 205 210 215 CTA TGT TTG GAA TTA GCA AAC ACA AGC ATT CGG AAT CTG TCT CTG AGT 768 Leu Cys Leu Glu Leu Ala Asn Thr Ser Ile Arg Asn Leu Ser Leu Ser 220 225 230 235 AAC AGC CAG CTG TCC ACC ACC AGC AAT ACA ACT TTC TTG GGA CTA AAG 816 Asn Ser Gln Leu Ser Thr Thr Ser Asn Thr Thr Phe Leu Gly Leu Lys 240 245 250 TGG ACA AAT CTC ACT ATG CTC GAT CTT TCC TAC AAC AAC TTA AAT GTG 864 Trp Thr Asn Leu Thr Met Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Asn Leu Asn Val 255 260 265 GTT GGT AAC GAT TCC TTT GCT TGG CTT CCA CAA CTA GAA TAT TTC TTC 912 Val Gly Asn Asp Ser Phe Ala Trp Leu Pro Gln Leu Glu Tyr Phe Phe 270 275 280 CTA GAG TAT AAT AAT ATA CAG CAT TTG TTT TCT CAC TCT TTG CAC GGG 960 Leu Glu Tyr Asn Asn Ile Gln His Leu Phe Ser His Ser Leu His Gly 285 290 295 CTT TTC AAT GTG AGG TAC CTG AAT TTG AAA CGG TCT TTT ACT AAA CAA 1008 Leu Phe Asn Val Arg Tyr Leu Asn Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Thr Lys Gln 300 305 310 315 AGT ATT TCC CTT GCC TCA CTC CCC AAG ATT GAT GAT TTT TCT TTT CAG 1056 Ser Ile Ser Leu Ala Ser Leu Pro Lys Ile Asp Asp Phe Ser Phe Gln 320 325 330 TGG CTA AAA TGT TTG GAG CAC CTT AAC ATG GAA GAT AAT GAT ATT CCA 1104 Trp Leu Lys Cys Leu Glu His Leu Asn Met Glu Asp Asn Asp Ile Pro 335 340 345 GGC ATA AAA AGC AAT ATG TTC ACA GGA TTG ATA AAC CTG AAA TAC TTA 1152 Gly Ile Lys Ser Asn Met Phe Thr Gly Leu Ile Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu 350 355 360 AGT CTA TCC AAC TCC TTT ACA AGT TTG CGA ACT TTG ACA AAT GAA ACA 1200 Ser Leu Ser Asn Ser Phe Thr Ser Leu Arg Thr Leu Thr Asn Glu Thr 365 370 375 TTT GTA TCA CTT GCT CAT TCT CCC TTA CAC ATA CTC AAC CTA ACC AAG 1248 Phe Val Ser Leu Ala His Ser Pro Leu His Ile Leu Asn Leu Thr Lys 380 385 390 395 AAT AAA ATC TCA AAA ATA GAG AGT GAT GCT TTC TCT TGG TTG GGC CAC 1296 Asn Lys Ile Ser Lys Ile Glu Ser Asp Ala Phe Ser Trp Leu Gly His 400 405 410

CTA GAA GTA CTT GAC CTG GGC CTT AAT GAA ATT GGG CAA GAA CTC ACA 1344 Leu Glu Val Leu Asp Leu Gly Leu Asn Glu Ile Gly Gln Glu Leu Thr 415 420 425 GGC CAG GAA TGG AGA GGT CTA GAA AAT ATT TTC GAA ATC TAT CTT TCC 1392 Gly Gin Glu Trp Arg Gly Leu Glu Asn Ile Phe Glu Ile Tyr Leu Ser 430 435 440 TAC AAC AAG TAC CTG CAG CTG ACT AGG AAC TCC TTT GCC TTG GTC CCA 1440 Tyr Asn Lys Tyr Leu Gin Leu Thr Arg Asn Ser Phe Ala Leu Val'Pro 445 450 455 AGC CTT CAA CGA CTG ATG CTC CGA AGG GTG GCC CTT AAA AAT GTG GAT 1488 Ser Leu Gln Arg Leu Met Leu Arg Arg Val Ala Leu Lys Asn Val Asp 460 465 470 475 AGC TCT CCT TCA CCA TTC CAG CCT CTT CGT AAC TTG ACC ATT CTG GAT 1536 Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Phe Gln Pro Leu Arg Asn Leu Thr Ile Leu Asp 480 485 490 CTA AGC AAC AAC AAC ATA GCC AAC ATA AAT GAT GAC ATG TTG GAG GGT 1584 Leu Ser Asn Asn Asn Ile Ala Asn Ile Asn Asp Asp Met Leu Glu Gly 495 500 505 CTT GAG AAA CTA GAA ATT CTC GAT TTG CAG CAT AAC AAC TTA GCA CGG 1632 Leu Glu Lys Leu Glu Ile Leu Asp Leu Gin His Asn Asn Leu Ala Arg 510 515 520 CTC TGG AAA CAC GCA AAC CCT GGT GGT CCC ATT TAT TTC CTA AAG GGT 1680 Leu Trp Lys His Ala Asn Pro Gly Gly Pro He Tyr Phe Leu Lys Gly 525 530 535 CTG TCT CAC CTC CAC ATC CTT AAC TTG GAG TCC AAC GGC TTT GAC GAG 1728 Leu Ser His Leu His Ile Leu Asn Leu Glu Ser Asn Gly Phe Asp Glu 540 545 550 555 ATC CCA GTT GAG GTC TTC AAG GAT TTA TTT GAA CTA AAG ATC ATC GAT 1776 He Pro Val Glu Val Phe Lys Asp Leu Phe Glu Leu Lys Ile Ile Asp 560 565 570 _.

TTA GGA TTG AAT AAT TTA AAC ACA CTT CCA GCA TCT GTC TTT AAT AAT 1824 Leu Gly Leu Asn Asn Leu Asn Thr Leu Pro Ala Ser Val Phe Asn Asn 575 580 585 CAG GTG TCT CTA AAG TCA TTG AAC CTT CAG AAG AAT CTC ATA ACA TCC 1872 Gin Val Ser Leu Lys Ser Leu Asn Leu Gin Lys Asn Leu Ile Thr Ser 590 595 600 GTT GAG AAG AAG GTT TTC GGG CCA GCT TTC AGG AAC CTG ACT GAG TTA 1920 Val Glu Lys Lys Val Phe Gly Pro Ala Phe Arg Asn Leu Thr Glu Leu 605 610 615

GAT ATG CGC TTT AAT CCC TTT GAT TGC ACG TGT GAA AGT ATT GCC TGG 1968 Asp Met Arg Phe Asn Pro Phe Asp Cys Thr Cys Glu Ser Ile Ala Trp 620 625 630 635 TTT GTT AAT TGG ATT AAC GAG ACC CAT ACC AAC ATC CCT GAG CTG TCA 2016 Phe Val Asn Trp Ile Asn Glu Thr-His Thr Asn Ile Pro Glu Leu Ser 640 645 650 AGC CAC TAC CTT TGC'AAC ACT CCA CCT CAC TAT CAT GGG TTC CCA GTG 2064 Ser His Tyr Leu Cys Asn Thr Pro Pro His Tyr His Gly Phe Pro Val 655 660 665 AGA CTT TTT GAT ACA TCA TCT TGC AAA GAC AGT GCC CCC TTT GAA CTC 2112 Arg Leu Phe Asp Thr Ser Ser Cys Lys Asp Ser Ala Pro Phe Glu Leu 670 675 680 TTT TTC ATG ATC AAT ACC AGT ATC CTG TTG ATT TTT ATC TTT ATT GTA 2160 Phe Phe Met Ile Asn Thr Ser Ile Leu Leu Ile Phe Ile Phe Ile Val 685 690 695 CTT CTC ATC CAC'TTT GAG GGC TGG AGG ATA TCT TTT TAT TGG AAT GTT 2208 Leu Leu Ile His Phe Glu Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser Phe Tyr Trp Asn Val 700 705 710 715 TCA GTA CAT CGA GTT CTT GGT TTC AAA GAA ATA GAC AGA CAG ACA GAA 2256 Ser Val His Arg Val Leu Gly Phe Lys Glu Ile Asp Arg Gln Thr Glu 720 725 730 CAG TTT GAA TAT GCA GCA TAT ATA ATT CAT GCC TAT AAA GAT AAG GAT 2304 Gln Phe Glu Tyr Ala Ala Tyr Ile Ile His Ala Tyr Lys Asp Lys Asp 735 740 745 TGG GTC TGG GAA CAT TTC TCT TCA ATG GAA AAG GAA GAC CAA TCT CTC 2352 Trp Val Trp Glu His Phe Ser Ser Met Glu Lys Glu Asp Gln Ser Leu 750 755 760 AAA TTT TGT CTG GAA GAA AGG GAC TTT GAG GCG GGT GTT TTT GAA CTA 2400 Lys Phe Cys Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp Phe Glu Ala Gly Val Phe Glu Leu 765 770 775 GAA GCA ATT GTT AAC AGC ATC AAA AGA AGC AGA AAA ATT ATT TTT GTT 2448 Glu Ala Ile Val Asn Ser Ile Lys Arg Ser Arg Lys Ile Ile Phe Val 780 785 790 795 ATA ACA CAC CAT CTA TTA AAA GAC CCA TTA TGC AAA AGA TTC AAG GTA 2496 Ile Thr His His Leu Leu Lys Asp Pro Leu Cys Lys Arg Phe Lys Val 800 805 810 CAT CAT GCA GTT CAA CAA GCT ATT GAA CAA AAT CTG GAT TCC ATT ATA 2544 His His Ala Val Gln G1n Ala Ile Glu Gln Asn Leu Asp Ser Ile Ile 815 820 825 TTG GTT TTC CTT GAG GAG ATT CCA GAT TAT AAA CTG AAC CAT GCA CTC 2592 Leu Val Phe Leu Glu Glu Ile Pro Asp Tyr Lys Leu Asn His Ala Leu 830 835 840

TGT TTG CGA AGA GGA ATG TTT AAA TCT CAC TGC ATC TTG AAC TGG CCA 2640 Cys Leu Arg Arg Gly Met Phe Lys Ser His Cys Ile Leu Asn Trp Pro 845 850 855 GTT CAG AAA GAA CGG ATA GGT GCC TTT CGT CAT'AAA TTG CAA GTA GCA 2688 Val Gln Lys Glu Arg Ile Gly Ala Phe Arg Hi's Lys Leu Gln Val Ala 860 865 870 875 CTT GGA TCC AAA AAC TCT GTA CAT TAA 2715 Leu Gly Ser Lys Asn Ser Val His 880 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> MRQTLPCIYFWGGLLPFGMLCASSTTKCTVSHEVADCSHLKLTQVPDDLPTNITVLNLTH NQLRRLPAANFTRYS<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> QLTSLDVGFNTISKLEPELCQKLPMLKVLNLQHNELSQLSDKTFAFCTNLTELHLMSNSI QKIKNNPFVKQKNLI<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> TLDLSHNGLSSTKLGTQVQLENLQELLLSNNKIQALKSEELDIFANSSLKKLELSSNQIK EFSPGCFHAIGRLFG<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LFLNNVQLGPSLTEKLCLELANTSIRNLSLSNSQLSTTSNTTELGLKWTNLTMLDLSYNN LNVVGNDSFAWLPQL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> EYFFLEYNNIQHLFSHSLHGLFNVRYLNLKRSFTKQSISLASLPKIDDFSFQWLKCLEHL NMEDNDIPGIKSNMF<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> TGLINLKYLSLSNSFTSLRTLTNETFVSLAHSPLHILNLTKNKISKIESDAFSWLGHLEV LDLGLNEIGQELTGQ<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> EWRGLENIFEIYLSYNKYLQLTRNSFALVPSLQRLMLRRVALKNVDSSPSPFQPLRNLTI LDLSNNNIANINDDM<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LEGLEKLEILDLQHNNLARLWKHANPGGPIYFLKGLSHLHILNLESNGFDEIPVEVFKDL FELKIIDLGLNNLNT LPASVFNNQVSLKSLNLQKNLITSVEKKVFGPAFRNLTELDMRFNPFDCTCESIAWFVNW INETHTNIPELSSHY <BR> <BR> <BR> LCNTPPHYHGFPVRLFDTSSCKDSAPFELFFMINTSILLIFIFIVLLIHFEGWRISFYWN VSVHRVLGFKEIDRQ<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> TEQFEYAAYIIHAYKDKDWVWEHFSSMEKEDQSLKFCLEERDFEAGVFELEAIVNSIKRS RKIIFVITHHLLKDP<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LCKRFKVHHAVQQAIEQNLDSIILVFLEEIPDYKLNHALCLRRGMFKSHCILNWPVQKER IGAFRHKLQVALGSK NSVH

Table 4: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 7 and 8) of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 4 (DTLR4).

ATG GAG CTG AAT TTC TAC AAA ATC CCC GAC AAC CTC CCC TTC TCA ACC 48 Met Glu Leu Asn Phe Tyr Lys Ile Pro Asp Asn'Leu Pro Phe Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 AAG AAC CTG GAC CTG AGC TTT AAT CCC CTG AGG CAT TTA GGC AGC TAT 96 Lys Asn Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Pro Leu Arg His Leu Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 AGC TTC TTC AGT TTC CCA GAA CTG CAG GTG CTG GAT TTA TCC AGG TGT 144 Ser Phe Phe Ser Phe Pro Glu Leu Gln Val Leu Asp Leu Ser Arg Cys 35 40 45 GAA ATC CAG ACA ATT GAA GAT GGG GCA TAT CAG AGC CTA AGC CAC CTC 192 Glu Ile Gin Thr Ile Glu Asp Gly Ala Tyr Gln Ser Leu Ser His Leu 50 55 60 TCT ACC TTA ATA TTG ACA GGA AAC CCC ATC CAG AGT TTA GCC CTG GGA 240 Ser Thr Leu Ile Leu Thr Gly Asn Pro Ile Gln Ser Leu Ala Leu Gly 65 70 75 80 GCC TTT TCT GGA CTA TCA AGT TTA CAG AAG CTG GTG GCT GTG GAG ACA 288 Ala Phe Ser Gly Leu Ser Ser Leu Gin Lys Leu Val Ala Val Glu Thr 85 90 95 AAT CTA GCA TCT CTA GAG AAC TTC CCC ATT GGA CAT CTC AAA ACT TTG 336 Asn Leu Ala Ser Leu Glu Asn Phe Pro Ile Gly His Leu Lys Thr Leu 100 105 110 AAA GAA CTT AAT GTG GCT CAC AAT CTT ATC CAA TCT TTC AAA TTA CCT 384 Lys Glu Leu Asn Val Ala His Asn Leu Ile Gln Ser Phe Lys Leu Pro 115 120 125 GAG TAT TTT TCT AAT CTG ACC AAT CTA GAG CAC TTG GAC CTT TCC AGC 432 Glu Tyr Phe Ser Asn Leu Thr Asn Leu Glu His Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser 130 135 140 AAC AAG ATT CAA AGT ATT TAT TGC ACA GAC TTG CGG GTT CTA CAT CAA 480 Asn Lys Ile Gin Ser Ile Tyr Cys Thr Asp Leu Arg Val Leu His Gin 145 150 155 160 ATG CCC CTA CTC AAT CTC TCT TTA GAC CTG TCC CTG AAC CCT ATG AAC 528 Met Pro Leu Leu Asn Leu Ser Leu Asp Leu Ser Leu Asn Pro Met Asn 165 170 175 TTT ATC CAA CCA GGT GCA TTT AAA GAA ATT AGG CTT CAT AAG CTG ACT 576 Phe Ile Gin Pro Gly Ala Phe Lys Glu Ile Arg Leu His Lys Leu Thr 180 185 190 TTA AGA AAT AAT TTT GAT AGT TTA AAT GTA ATG AAA ACT TGT ATT CAA 624 Leu Arg Asn Asn Phe Asp Ser Leu Asn Val Met Lys Thr Cys Ile Gln 195 200 205

GGT CTG GCT GGT TTA GAA GTC CAT CGT TTG GTT CTG GGA GAA TTT AGA 672 Gly Leu Ala Gly Leu Glu Val His Arg Leu Val Leu Gly Glu Phe Arg 210 215 220 AAT GAA GGA AAC TTG GAA AAG TTT GAC AAA TCT GCT CTA GAG GGC CTG 720 Asn Glu Gly Asn Leu Glu Lys Phe Asp Lys Ser Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 TGC AAT TTG ACC ATT GAA GAA TTC CGA TTA GCA TAC TTA GAC TAC TAC 768 Cys Asn Leu Thr Ile Glu Glu Phe Arg Leu Ala Tyr Leu Asp Tyr Tyr 245 250 255 CTC GAT GAT ATT ATT GAC TTA TTT AAT TGT TTG ACA AAT GTT TCT TCA 816 Leu Asp Asp Ile Ile Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Leu Thr Asn Val Ser Ser 260 265 270 TTT TCC CTG GTG AGT GTG ACT ATT GAA AGG GTA AAA GAC TTT TCT TAT 864 Phe Ser Leu Val Ser Val Thr Ile Glu Arg Val Lys Asp Phe Ser Tyr 275 280 285 AAT TTC GGA TGG CAA CAT TTA GAA TTA GTT AAC TGT AAA TTT GGA CAG 912 Asn Phe Gly Trp Gln His Leu Glu Leu Val Asn Cys Lys Phe Gly Gln 290 295 300 TTT CCC ACA TTG AAA CTC AAA TCT CTC AAA AGG CTT ACT TTC ACT TCC 960 Phe Pro Thr Leu Lys Leu Lys Ser Leu Lys Arg Leu Thr Phe Thr Ser 305 310 315 320 AAC AAA GGT GGG AAT GCT TTT TCA GAA GTT GAT CTA CCA AGC CTT GAG 1008 Asn Lys Gly Gly Asn Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Asp Leu Pro Ser Leu Glu 325 330 335 TTT CTA GAT CTC AGT AGA AAT GGC TTG AGT TTC AAA GGT TGC TGT TCT 1056 Phe Leu Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Gly Leu Ser Phe Lys Gly Cys Cys Ser 340 345 350 CAA AGT GAT TTT GGG ACA ACC AGC CTA AAG TAT TTA GAT CTG AGC TTC 1104 Gln Ser Asp Phe Gly Thr Thr Ser Leu Lys Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe 355 360 365 AAT GGT GTT ATT ACC ATG AGT TCA AAC TTC TTG GGC TTA GAA CAA CTA 1152 Asn Gly Val Ile Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Phe Leu Gly Leu Glu Gln Leu 370 375 380 GAA CAT CTG GAT TTC CAG CAT TCC AAT TTG AAA CAA ATG AGT GAG TTT 1200 Glu His Leu Asp Phe Gln His Ser Asn Leu Lys Gln Met Ser Glu Phe 385 390 395 400 TCA GTA TTC CTA TCA CTC AGA AAC CTC ATT TAC CTT GAC ATT TCT CAT 1248 Ser Val Phe Leu Ser Leu Arg Asn Leu Ile Tyr Leu Asp Ile Ser His 405 410 415 ACT CAC ACC AGA GTT GCT TTC AAT GGC ATC TTC AAT GGC TTG TCC AGT 1296 Thr His Thr Arg Val Ala Phe Asn Gly Ile Phe Asn Gly Leu Ser Ser 420 425 430

CTC GAA GTC TTG AAA ATG GCT GGC AAT TCT TTC CAG GAA AAC TTC CTT 1344 Leu Glu Val Leu Lys Met Ala Gly Asn Ser Phe Gln Glu Asn Phe Leu 435 440 445 CCA GAT ATC TTC ACA GAG CTG AGA AAC TTG ACC TTC CTG GAC CTC TCT 1392 Pro Asp Ile Phe Thr Glu Leu Arg Asn Leu Thr Phe Leu Asp Leu Ser 450 455 460 CAG TGT CAA CTG GAG CAG TTG TCT CCA ACA GCA TTT AAC TCA CTC TCC 1440 Gln Cys Gln Leu Glu G1n Leu Ser Pro Thr Ala Phe Asn Ser Leu Ser 465 470 475 480 AGT CTT CAG GTA CTA AAT ATG AGC CAC AAC AAC TTC TTT TCA TTG GAT 1488 Ser Leu Gln Val Leu Asn Met Ser His Asn Asn Phe Phe Ser Leu Asp 485 490 495 ACG TTT CCT TAT AAG TGT CTG AAC TCC CTC CAG GTT CTT GAT TAC AGT 1536 Thr Phe Pro Tyr Lys Cys Leu Asn Ser Leu Gln Val Leu Asp Tyr Ser 500 505 510 CTC AAT CAC ATA ATG ACT TCC AAA AAA CAG GAA CTA CAG CAT TTT CCA 1584 Leu Asn His Ile Met Thr Ser Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Gln His Phe Pro 515 520 525 AGT AGT CTA GCT TTC TTA AAT CTT ACT CAG AAT GAC TTT GCT TGT ACT 1632 Ser Ser Leu Ala Phe Leu Asn Leu Thr Gln Asn Asp Phe Ala Cys Thr 530 535 540 TGT GAA CAC CAG AGT TTC CTG CAA TGG ATC AAG GAC CAG AGG CAG CTC 1680 Cys Glu His Gln Ser Phe Leu Gln Trp Ile Lys Asp Gln Arg Gln Leu 545 550 555 560 TTG GTG GAA GTT GAA CGA ATG GAA TGT GCA ACA CCT TCA GAT AAG CAG 1728 Leu Val Glu Val Glu Arg Met Glu Cys Ala Thr Pro Ser Asp Lys Gln 565 570 575 GGC ATG CCT GTG CTG AGT TTG AAT ATC ACC TGT CAG ATG AAT AAG ACC 1776 Gly Met Pro Val Leu Ser Leu Asn Ile Thr Cys. Gln Met Asn Lys Thr 580 585 590 ATC ATT GGT GTG TCG GTC CTC AGT GTG CTT GTA GTA TCT GTT GTA GCA 1824 Ile Ile Gly Val Ser Val Leu Ser Val Leu Val Val Ser Val Val Ala 595 600 605 GTT CTG GTC TAT AAG TTC TAT TTT CAC CTG ATG CTT CTT GCT GGC TGC 1872 Val Leu Val Tyr Lys Phe Tyr Phe His Leu Met Leu Leu Ala Gly Cys 610 615 620 ATA AAG TAT GGT AGA GGT GAA AAC ATC TAT GAT GCC TTT GTT ATC TAC 1920 Ile Lys Tyr Gly Arg Gly Glu Asn Ile Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ile Tyr 625 630 635 640

TCA AGC CAG GAT GAG GAC TGG GTA AGG AAT GAG CTA GTA AAG AAT TTA 1968 Ser Ser Gin Asp Glu Asp Trp Val Arg Asn Glu Leu Val Lys Asn Leu 645 650 655 GAA GAA GGG GTG CCT CCA TTT CAG CTC TGC CTT CAC TAC AGA GAC TTT 2016 Glu Glu Gly Val Pro Pro Phe Gin Leu Cys Leu His Tyr Arg Asp Phe 660 665'670 ATT CCC GGT GTG GCC ATT GCT GCC AAC ATC ATC CAT GAA GGT TTC CAT 2064 Ile Pro Gly Val Ala Ile Ala Ala Asn Ile Ile His Glu Gly Phe His 675 680 685 AAA AGC CGA AAG GTG ATT GTT GTG GTG TCC CAG CAC TTC ATC CAG AGC 2112 Lys Ser Arg Lys Val Ile Val Val Val Ser Gin His Phe Ile Gin Ser 690 695 700 CGC TGG TGT ATC TTT GAA TAT GAG ATT GCT CAG ACC TGG CAG TTT CTG 2160 Arg Trp Cys Ile Phe Glu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Gin Thr Trp Gin Phe Leu 705 710 715 720 AGC AGT CGT GCT GGT ATC ATC TTC ATT GTC CTG CAG AAG GTG GAG AAG 2208 Ser Ser Arg Ala Gly Ile Ile Phe Ile Val Leu Gin Lys Val Glu Lys 725 730 735 ACC CTG CTC AGG CAG CAG GTG GAG CTG TAC CGC CTT CTC AGC AGG AAC 2256 Thr Leu Leu Arg Gin Gin Val Glu Leu Tyr Arg Leu Leu Ser Arg Asn 740 745 750 ACT TAC CTG GAG TGG GAG GAC AGT GTC CTG GGG CGG CAC ATC TTC TGG 2304 Thr Tyr Leu Glu Trp Glu Asp Ser Val Leu Gly Arg His Ile Phe Trp 755 760 765 AGA CGA CTC AGA AAA GCC CTG CTG GAT GGT AAA TCA TGG AAT CCA GAA 2352 Arg Arg Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu Leu Asp Gly Lys Ser Trp Asn Pro Glu 770 775 780 GGA ACA GTG GGT ACA GGA TGC AAT TGG CAG GAA GCA ACA TCT ATC 2397 Gly Thr Val Gly Thr Gly Cys Asn Trp Gin Glu Ala Thr Ser Ile 785 790 795 TGA 2400 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> MELNFYKIPDNLPFSTKNLDLSFNPLRHLGSYSFFSFPELQVLDLSRCEIQTIEDGAYQS LSHLSTLILTGNP<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> IQSLALGAFSGLSSLQKLVAVETNLASLENFPIGHLKTLKELNVAHNLIQSFKLPEYFSN LTNLEHLDLSSNK<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> IQSIYCTDLRVLHQMPLLNLSLDLSLNPMNFIQPGAFKEIRLHKLTLRNNFDSLNVMKTC IQGLAGLEVHRLV<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LGEFRNEGNLEKFDKSALEGLCNLTIEEFRLAYLDYYLDDIIDLFNCLTNVSSFSLVSVT IERVKDFSYNFGW<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> QHLELVNCKFGQFPTLKLKSLKRLTFTSNKGGNAFSEVDLPSLEFLDLSRNGLSFKGCCS QSDFGTTSLKYLD<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LSFNGVITMSSNFLGLEQLEHLDFQHSNLKQMSEFSVFLSLRNLIYLDISHTHTRVAFNG IFNGLSSLEVLKM<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> AGNSFQENFLPDIFTELRNLTFLDLSQCQLEQLSPTAFNSLSSLQVLNMSHNNFFSLDTF PYKCLNSLQVLDY<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> SLNHIMTSKKQELQHFPSSLAFLNLTQNDFACTCEHQSFLQWIKDQRQLLVEVERMECAT PSDKQGMPVLSLN<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> ITCQMNKTIIGVSVLSVLVVSVVAVLVYKFYFHLMLLAGCIKYGRGENIYDAFVIYSSQD EDWVRNELVKNLE<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> EGVPPFQLCLHYRDFIPGVAIAANIIHEGFHKSRKVIVWSQHFIQSRWCIFEYEIAQTWQ FLSSRAGIIFIV<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LQKVEKTLLRQQVELYRLLSRNTYLENEDSVLGRHIFWRRLRKALLDGKSWNPEGTVGTG CNWQEATSI

supplemented primate, e. g., human, DTLR4 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 26) ; note that nucleotides 81,3144,3205, and 3563 designated A, each may be A, C, G, or T; nucleotides 3132,3532,3538, and 3553 designated G, each may be G or T; nucleotide 3638 designated A, may be A or T; and nucleotides 3677,3685, and 3736 designated C, each may be A or C: AAAATACTCC CTTGCCTCAA AAACTGCTCG GTCAAACGGT GATAGCAAAC CACGCATTCA 60 CAGGGCCACT GCTGCTCACA AAACCAGTGA GGATGATGCC AGGATG ATG TCT GCC 115 Met Ser Ala -22-20 TCG CGC CTG GCT GGG ACT CTG ATC CCA GCC ATG GCC TTC CTC TCC TGC 163 Ser Arg Leu Ala Gly Thr Leu Ile Pro Ala Met Ala Phe Leu Ser Cys -15-10-5 GTG AGA CCA GAA AGC TGG GAG CCC TGC GTG GAG GTT CCT AAT ATT ACT 211 Val Arg Pro Glu Ser Trp Glu Pro Cys Val Glu Val Pro Asn Ile Thr 1 5 10 TAT CAA TGC ATG GAG CTG AAT TTC TAC AAA ATC CCC GAC AAC CTC CCC 259 Tyr Gln Cys Met Glu Leu Asn Phe Tyr Lys Ile Pro Asp Asn Leu Pro 15 20 25 TTC TCA ACC AAG AAC CTG GAC CTG AGC TTT AAT CCC CTG AGG CAT TTA 307 Phe Ser Thr Lys Asn Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Pro Leu Arg His Leu 30 35 40 45 GGC AGC TAT AGC TTC TTC AGT TTC CCA GAA CTG CAG GTG CTG GAT TTA 355 Gly Ser Tyr Ser Phe Phe Ser Phe Pro Glu Leu Gln Val Leu Asp Leu 50 55 60 TCC AGG TGT GAA ATC CAG ACA ATT GAA GAT GGG GCA TAT CAG AGC CTA 403 Ser Arg Cys Glu Ile Gin Thr Ile Glu Asp Gly Ala Tyr Gin Ser Leu 65 70 75 AGC CAC CTC TCT ACC TTA ATA TTG ACA GGA AAC CCC ATC CAG AGT TTA 451 Ser His Leu Ser Thr Leu Ile Leu Thr Gly Asn Pro Ile Gln Ser Leu 80 85 90 GCC CTG GGA GCC TTT TCT GGA CTA TCA AGT TTA CAG AAG CTG GTG GCT 499 Ala Leu Gly Ala Phe Ser Gly Leu Ser Ser Leu Gln Lys Leu Val Ala 95 100 105 GTG GAG ACA AAT CTA GCA TCT CTA GAG AAC TTC CCC ATT GGA CAT CTC 547 Val Glu Thr Asn Leu Ala Ser Leu Glu Asn Phe Pro Ile Gly His Leu 110 115 120 125 AAA ACT TTG AAA GAA CTT AAT GTG GCT CAC AAT CTT ATC CAA TCT TTC 595 Lys Thr Leu Lys Glu Leu Asn Val Ala His Asn Leu Ile Gln Ser Phe 130 135 140 AAA TTA CCT GAG TAT TTT TCT AAT CTG ACC AAT CTA GAG CAC TTG GAC 643 Lys Leu Pro Glu Tyr Phe Ser Asn Leu Thr Asn Leu Glu His Leu Asp 145 150 155

CTT TCC AGC AAC AAG ATT CAA AGT ATT TAT TGC ACA GAC TTG CGG GTT 691 Leu Ser Ser Asn Lys Ile Gin Ser Ile Tyr Cys Thr Asp Leu Arg Val 160 165 170 CTA CAT CAA ATG CCC CTA CTC AAT CTC TCT TTA GAC CTG TCC CTG AAC 739 Leu His Gin Met Pro Leu Leu Asn Leu Ser Leu Asp Leu Ser Leu Asn 175 180 185 CCT ATG AAC TTT ATC CAA CCA GGT GCA TTT AAA GAA ATT AGG CTT CAT 787 Pro Met Asn Phe Ile Gin Pro Gly Ala Phe Lys Glu lie Arg Leu His 190 195 200 205 AAG CTG ACT TTA AGA AAT AAT TTT GAT AGT TTA AAT GTA ATG AAA ACT 835 Lys Leu Thr Leu Arg Asn Asn Phe Asp Ser Leu Asn Val Met Lys Thr 210 215 220 TGT ATT CAA GGT CTG GCT GGT TTA GAA GTC CAT CGT TTG GTT CTG GGA 883 Cys Ile Gln Gly Leu Ala Gly Leu Glu Val His Arg Leu Val Leu Gly 225 230 235 GAA TTT AGA AAT GAA GGA AAC TTG GAA AAG TTT GAC AAA TCT GCT CTA 931 Glu Phe Arg Asn Glu Gly Asn Leu Glu Lys Phe Asp Lys Ser Ala Leu 240 245 250 GAG GGC CTG TGC AAT TTG ACC ATT GAA GAA TTC CGA TTA GCA TAC TTA 979 Glu Gly Leu Cys Asn Leu Thr Ile Glu Glu Phe Arg Leu Ala Tyr Leu 255 260 265 GAC TAG TAC CTC GAT GAT ATT ATT GAC TTA TTT AAT TGT TTG ACA AAT 1. 027 Asp Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Asp Ile Ile Asp Leu Phe Asn Cys Leu Thr Asn 270 275 280 285 GTT TCT TCA TTT TCC CTG GTG AGT GTG ACT ATT GAA AGG GTA AAA GAC 1075 Val Ser Ser Phe Ser Leu Val Ser Val Thr Ile Glu Arg Val Lys Asp 290 295 300 TTT TCT TAT AAT TTC GGA TGG CAA CAT TTA GAA TTA GTT AAC TGT AAA 1123 Phe Ser Tyr Asn Phe Gly Trp Gln His Leu Glu Leu Val Asn Cys Lys 305 310 315 TTT GGA CAG TTT CCC ACA TTG AAA CTC AAA TCT CTC AAA AGG CTT ACT 1171 Phe Gly Gin Phe Pro Thr Leu Lys Leu Lys Ser Leu Lys Arg Leu Thr 320 325 330 TTC ACT TCC AAC AAA GGT GGG AAT GCT TTT TCA GAA GTT GAT CTA CCA 1219 Phe Thr Ser Asn Lys Gly Gly Asn Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Asp Leu Pro 335 340.345 AGC CTT GAG TTT CTA GAT CTC AGT AGA AAT GGC TTG AGT TTC AAA GGT 1267 Ser Leu Glu Phe Leu Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Gly Leu Ser Phe Lys Gly 350 355 360 365

TGC TGT TCT CAA AGT GAT TTT GGG ACA ACC AGC CTA AAG TAT TTA GAT 1315 Cys Cys Ser Gln Ser Asp Phe Gly Thr Thr Ser Leu Lys Tyr Leu Asp 370 375 380 CTG AGC TTC AAT GGT GTT ATT ACC ATG AGT TCA AAC TTC TTG GGC TTA 1363 Leu Ser Phe Asn Gly Val Ile Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Phe Leu Gly Leu 385 390'395 GAA CAA CTA GAA CAT CTG GAT TTC CAG CAT TCC AAT TTG AAA CAA ATG 1411 Glu Gln Leu Glu His Leu Asp Phe Gln His Ser Asn Leu Lys Gln Met 400 405 410 AGT GAG TTT TCA GTA TTC CTA TCA CTC AGA AAC CTC ATT TAC CTT GAC 1459 Ser Glu Phe Ser Val Phe Leu Ser Leu Arg Asn Leu Ile Tyr Leu Asp 415 420 425 ATT TCT CAT ACT CAC ACC AGA GTT GCT TTC AAT GGC ATC TTC AAT GGC 1507 Ile Ser His Thr His Thr Arg Val Ala Phe Asn Gly Ile Phe Asn Gly 430 435 440 445 TTG TCC AGT CTC GAA GTC TTG AAA ATG GCT GGC AAT TCT TTC CAG GAA 1555 Leu Ser Ser Leu Glu Val Leu Lys Met Ala Gly Asn Ser Phe Gln Glu 450 455 460 AAC TTC CTT CCA GAT ATC TTC ACA GAG CTG AGA AAC TTG ACC TTC CTG 1603 Asn Phe Leu Pro Asp Ile Phe Thr Glu Leu Arg Asn Leu Thr Phe Leu 465 470 475 GAC CTC TCT CAG TGT CAA CTG GAG CAG TTG TCT CCA ACA GCA TTT AAC 1651 Asp Leu Ser Gln Cys Gln Leu Glu Gln Leu Ser Pro Thr Ala Phe Asn 480 485 490 TCA CTC TCC AGT CTT CAG GTA CTA AAT ATG AGC CAC AAC AAC TTC TTT 1699 Ser Leu Ser Ser Leu Gln Val Leu Asn Met Ser His Asn Asn Phe Phe 495 500 505 TCA TTG GAT ACG TTT CCT TAT AAG TGT CTG AAC TCC CTC CAG GTT CTT 1747 Ser Leu Asp Thr Phe Pro Tyr Lys Cys Leu Asn Ser Leu Gln Val Leu 510 515 520 525 GAT TAC AGT CTC AAT CAC ATA ATG ACT TCC AAA AAA CAG GAA CTA CAG 1795 Asp Tyr Ser Leu Asn His Ile Met Thr Ser Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Gln 530 535 540 CAT TTT CCA AGT AGT CTA GCT TTC TTA AAT CTT ACT CAG AAT GAC TTT 1843 His Phe Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Phe Leu Asn Leu Thr Gln Asn Asp Phe 545 550 555 GCT TGT ACT TGT GAA CAC CAG AGT TTC CTG CAA TGG ATC AAG GAC CAG 1891 Ala Cys Thr Cys Glu His Gln Ser Phe Leu Gln Trp Ile Lys Asp Gln 560 565 570 AGG CAG CTC TTG GTG GAA GTT GAA CGA ATG GAA TGT GCA ACA CCT TCA 1939 Arg Gln Leu Leu Val Glu Val Glu Arg Met Glu Cys Ala Thr Pro Ser 575 580 585

GAT AAG CAG GGC ATG CCT GTG CTG AGT TTG AAT ATC ACC TGT CAG ATG 1987 Asp Lys Gin Gly Met Pro Val Leu Ser Leu Asn Ile Thr Cys Gin Met 590 595 600 605 AAT AAG ACC ATC ATT GGT GTG TCG GTC CTC AGT GTG CTT GTA GTA TCT 2035 Asn Lys Thr Ile Ile Gly Val Ser Val Leu Ser Val Leu Val Val Ser 610 615 620 GTT GTA GCA GTT CTG GTC TAT AAG TTC TAT TTT CAC CTG ATG CTT CTT 2083 Val Val Ala Val Leu Val Tyr Lys Phe Tyr Phe His Leu Met Leu Leu 625 630 635 GCT GGC TGC ATA AAG TAT GGT AGA GGT GAA AAC ATC TAT GAT GCC TTT 2131 Ala Gly Cys Ile Lys Tyr Gly Arg Gly Glu Asn Ile Tyr Asp Ala Phe 640 645 650 GTT ATC TAC TCA AGC CAG GAT GAG GAC TGG GTA AGG AAT GAG CTA GTA 2179 Val Ile Tyr Ser Ser Gin Asp Glu Asp Trp Val Arg Asn Glu Leu Val 655 660 665 AAG AAT TTA GAA GAA GGG GTG CCT CCA TTT CAG CTC TGC CTT CAC TAC 2227 Lys Asn Leu Glu Glu Gly Val Pro Pro Phe Gin Leu Cys Leu Hi-s Tyr 670 675 680 685 AGA GAC TTT ATT CCC GGT GTG GCC ATT GCT GCC AAC ATC ATC CAT GAA 2275 Arg Asp Phe Ile Pro Gly Val Ala Ile Ala Ala Asn Ile Ile His Glu 690 695 700 GGT TTC CAT AAA AGC CGA AAG GTG ATT GTT GTG GTG TCC CAG CAC TTC 2323 Gly Phe His Lys Ser Arg Lys Val Ile Val Val Val Ser Gln His Phe 705 710 715 ATC CAG AGC CGC TGG TGT ATC TTT GAA TAT GAG ATT GCT CAG ACC TGG 2371 He Gin Ser Arg Trp Cys Ile Phe Glu Tyr Glu Ile Ala Gln Thr Trp 720 725 730 CAG TTT CTG AGC AGT CGT GCT GGT ATC ATC TTC ATT GTC CTG CAG AAG 2419 Gin Phe Leu Ser Ser Arg Ala Gly Ile Ile Phe-Ile Val Leu Gin Lys 735 74D 745- GTG GAG AAG ACC CTG CTC AGG CAG CAG GTG GAG CTG TAC CGC CTT CTC 2467 Val Glu Lys Thr Leu Leu Arg Gin Gin Val Glu Leu Tyr Arg Leu Leu 750 755 760 765 AGC AGG AAC ACT TAC CTG GAG TGG GAG GAC AGT GTC CTG GGG CGG CAC 2515 Ser Arg Asn Thr Tyr Leu Glu Trp Glu Asp Ser Val Leu Gly Arg His 770 775.780 ATC TTC TGG AGA CGA CTC AGA AAA GCC CTG CTG GAT GGT AAA TCA TGG 2563 Ile Phe Trp Arg Arg Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu Leu Asp Gly Lys Ser Trp 785 790 795

AAT CCA GAA GGA ACA GTG GGT ACA GGA TGC AAT TGG CAG GAA GCA ACA 2611 Asn Pro Glu Gly Thr Val Gly Thr Gly Cys Asn Trp Gln Glu Ala Thr 800 805 810 TCT ATC TGAAGAGGAA AAATAAAAAC CTCCTGAGGC ATTTCTTGCC CAGCTGGGTC 2667 <BR> <BR> Ser Ile<BR> <BR> <BR> 815 CAACACTTGT TCAGTTAATA AGTATTAAAT GCTGCCACAT GTCAGGCCTT ATGCTAAGGG 2727 TGAGTAATTC CATGGTGCAC TAGATATGCA GGGCTGCTAA TCTCAAGGAG CTTCCAGTGC 2787 AGAGGGAATA AATGCTAGAC TAAAATACAG AGTCTTCCAG GTGGGCATTT CAACCAACTC 2847 AGTCAAGGAA CCCATGACAA AGAAAGTCAT TTCAACTCTT ACCTCATCAA GTTGAATAAA 2907 GACAGAGAAA ACAGAAAGAG ACATTGTTCT TTTCCTGAGT CTTTTGAATG GAAATTGTAT 2967 TATGTTATAG CCATCATAAA ACCATTTTGG TAGTTTTGAC TGAACTGGGT GTTCACTTTT 3027 TCCTTTTTGA TTGAATACAA TTTAAATTCT ACTTGATGAC TGCAGTCGTC AAGGGGCTCC 3087 TGATGCAAGA TGCCCCTTCC ATTTTAAGTC TGTCTCCTTA CAGAGGTTAA AGTCTAATGG 3147 CTAATTCCTA AGGAAACCTG ATTAACACAT GCTCACAACC ATCCTGGTCA TTCTCGAACA 3207 TGTTCTATTT TTTAACTAAT CACCCCTGAT ATATTTTTAT TTTTATATAT CCAGTTTTCA 3267 TTTTTTTACG TCTTGCCTAT AAGCTAATAT CATAAATAAG GTTGTTTAAG ACGTGCTTCA 3327 AATATCCATA TTAACCACTA TTTTTCAAGG AAGTATGGAA AAGTACACTC TGTCACTTTG 3387 TCACTCGATG TCATTCCAAA GTTATTGCCT ACTAAGTAAT GACTGTCATG AAAGCAGCAT 3447 TGAAATAATT TGTTTAAAGG GGGCACTCTT TTAAACGGGA AGAAAATTTC CGCTTCCTGG 3507 TCTTATCATG GACAATTTGG GCTAGAGGCA GGAAGGAAGT GGGATGACCT CAGGAAGTCA 3567 CCTTTTCTTG ATTCCAGAAA CATATGGGCT GATAAACCCG GGGTGACCTC ATGAAATGAG 3627 TTGCAGCAGA AGTTTATTTT TTTCAGAACA AGTGATGTTT GATGGACCTC TGAATCTCTT 3687 TAGGGAGACA CAGATGGCTG GGATCCCTCC CCTGTACCCT TCTCACTGCC AGGAGAACTA 3747 CGTGTGAAGG TATTCAAGGC AGGGAGTATA CATTGCTGTT TCCTGTTGGG CAATGCTCCT 3807 TGACCACATT TTGGGAAGAG TGGATGTTAT CATTGAGAAA ACAATGTGTC TGGAATTAAT 3867 GGGGTTCTTA TAAAGAAGGT TCCCAGAAAA GAATGTTCAT TCCAGCTTCT TCAGGAAACA 3927 GGAACATTCA AGGAAAAGGA CAATCAGGAT GTCATCAGGG AAATGAAAAT AAAAACCACA 3987 ATGAGATATC ACCTTATACC AGGTAGATGG CTACTATAAA AAAATGAAGT GTCATCAAGG 4047 ATATAGAGAA ATTGGAACCC TTCTTCACTG CTGGAGGGAA TGGAAAATGG TGTAGCCGTT 4107

ATGAAAAACA GTACGGAGGT TTCTCAAAAA TTAAAAATAG AACTGCTATA TGATCCAGCA 4167 ATCTCACTTC TGTATATATA CCCAAAATAA TTGAAATCAG AATTTCAAGA kkATATTTAC 4227 ACTCCCATGT TCATTGTGGC ACTCTTCACA ATCACTGTTT CCAAAGTTAT GGAAACAACC 4287 CAAATTTCCA TTGGAAAATA AATGGACAAA GGAAATGTGC ATATAACGTA CAATGGGGAT 4347 ATTATTCAGC CTAAAAAAAG GGGGGATCCT GTTATTTATG ACAACATGAA TAAACCCGGA 4407 GGCCATTATG CTATGTAAAA TGAGCAAGTA ACAGAAAGAC AAATACTGCC TGATTTCATT 4467 TATATGAGGT TCTAAAATAG TCAAACTCAT AGAAGCAGAG AATAGAACAG TGGTTCCTAG 4527 GGAAAAGGAG GAAGGGAGAA ATGAGGAAAT AGGGAGTTGT CTAATTGGTA TAAAATTATA 4587 GTATGCAAGA TGAATTAGCT CTAAAGATCA GCTGTATAGC AGAGTTCGTA TAATGAACAA 4647 TACTGTATTA TGCACTTAAC ATTTTGTTAA GAGGGTACCT CTCATGTTAA GTGTTCTTAC 4707 CATATACATA TACACAAGGA AGCTTTTGGA GGTGATGGAT ATATTTATTA CCTTGATTGT 4767 GGTGATGGTT TGACAGGTAT GTGACTATGT CTAAACTCAT CAAATTGTAT ACATTAAATA 4827 TATGCAGTTT TATAATATCA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA 4865 MSASRLAGTLIPAMAFLSCVRPESWEPCVEVPNITYQCMELNFYKIPDNLPFSTKNLDLS FNPLRHLGSYSFFSF PELQVLDLSRCEIQTIEDGAYQSLSHLSTLILTGNPIQSLALGAFSGLSSLQKLVAVETN LASLENFPIGHLKTL <BR> <BR> KELNVAHNLIQSFKLPEYFSNLTNLEHLDLSSNKIQSIYCTDLRVLHQMPLLNLSLDLSL NPMNFIQPGAFKEIR<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LHKLTLRNNFDSLNVMKTCIQGLAGLEVHRLVLGEFRNEGNLEKFDKSALEGLCNLTIEE FRLAYLDYYLDDIID<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LFNCLTNVSSFSLVSVTIERVKDFSYNFGWQHLELVNCKFGQFPTLKLKSLKRLTFTSNK GGNAFSEVDLPSLEF<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LDLSRNGLSFKGCCSQSDFGTTSLKYLDLSFNGVITMSSNFLGLEQLEHLDFQHSNLKQM SEFSVFLSLRNLIYL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> DISHTHTRVAFNGIFNGLSSLEVLKMAGNSFQENFLPDIFTELRNLTFLDLSQCQLEQLS PTAFNSLSSLQVLNM<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> SHNNFFSLDTFPYKCLNSLQVLDYSLNHIMTSKKQELQHFPSSLAFLNLTQNDFACTCEH QSFLQNIKDQRQLLV<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> EVERMECATPSDKQGMPVLSLNITCQMNKTIIGVSVLSVLVVSVVAVLVYKFYFHLMLLA GCIKYGRGENIYDAF<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> VIYSSQDEDWVRNELVKNLEEGVPPFQLCLHYRDFIPGVAIAANIIHEGFHKSRKVIWVS QHFIQSRWCIFEYE<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> IAQTWQFLSSRAGIIFIVLQKVEKTLLRQQVELYRLLSRNTYLEWEDSVLGRHIFWRRLR KALLDGKSWNPEGTV GTGCNWQEATSI

Table 5: Partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO: 9 and 10) of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 5 (DTLR5).

TGT TGG GAT GTT TTT GAG GGA CTT TCT CAT CTT CAA GTT CTG TAT TTG 48 Cys Trp Asp Val Phe Glu Gly Leu Ser His Leu Gln Val Leu Tyr Leu 1 5 10 15 AAT CAT AAC TAT CTT AAT TCC CTT CCA CCA GGA GTA TTT AGC CAT CTG 96 Asn His Asn Tyr Leu Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Gly Val Phe Ser His Leu 20 25 30 ACT GCA TTA AGG GGA CTA AGC CTC AAC TCC AAC AGG CTG ACA GTT CTT 144 Thr Ala Leu Arg Gly Leu Ser Leu Asn Ser Asn Arg Leu Thr Val Leu 35 40 45 TCT CAC AAT GAT TTA CCT GCT AAT TTA GAG ATC CTG GAC ATA TCC AGG 192 Ser His Asn Asp Leu Pro Ala Asn Leu Glu Ile Leu Asp Ile Ser Arg 50 55'60 AAC CAG CTC CTA GCT CCT AAT CCT GAT GTA TTT GTA TCA CTT AGT GTC 240 Asn G1n Leu Leu Ala Pro Asn Pro Asp Val Phe Val Ser Leu Ser Val 65 70 75 80 TTG GAT ATA ACT CAT AAC AAG TTC ATT TGT GAA TGT GAA CTT AGC ACT 288 Leu Asp Ile Thr His Asn Lys Phe Ile Cys Glu Cys Glu Leu Ser Thr 85 90 95 TTT ATC AAT TGG CTT AAT CAC ACC AAT GTC ACT ATA GCT GGG CCT CCT 336 Phe Ile Asn Trp Leu Asn His Thr Asn Val Thr Ile Ala Gly Pro Pro 100 105110 GCA GAC ATA TAT TGT GTG TAC CCT GAC TCG TTC TCT GGG GTT TCC CTC-s 384 Ala Asp Ile Tyr Cys Val Tyr Pro Asp Ser Phe Ser Gly Val Ser Leu 115 120 125 TTC TCT CTT TCC ACG GAA GGT TGT GAT GAA GAG GAA GTC TTA AAG TCC 432 Phe Ser Leu Ser Thr Glu Gly Cys Asp Glu Glu Glu Val Leu Lys Ser 130 135 140 CTA AAG TTC TCC CTT TTC ATT GTA TGC ACT GTC ACT CTG ACT CTG TTC 480 Leu Lys Phe Ser Leu Phe Ile Val Cys Thr Val Thr Leu Thr Leu Phe 145 150 155 160 CTC ATG ACC ATC CTC ACA GTC ACA AAG TTC CGG GGC TTC TGT TTT ATC 528 Leu Met Thr Ile Leu Thr Val Thr Lys Phe Arg Gly Phe Cys Phe Ile 165 170 175 TGT TAT AAG ACA GCC CAG AGA CTG GTG TTC AAG GAC CAT CCC CAG GGC 576 Cys Tyr Lys Thr Ala Gin Arg Leu Val Phe Lys Asp His Pro Gln Gly 180 185 190 ACA GAA CCT GAT ATG TAC AAA TAT GAT GCC TAT TTG TGC TTC AGC AGC 624 Thr Glu Pro Asp Met Tyr Lys Tyr Asp Ala Tyr Leu Cys Phe Ser Ser 195 200 205

AAA GAC TTC ACA TGG GTG CAG AAT GCT TTG CTC AAA CAC CTG GAC ACT 672 Lys Asp Phe Thr Trp Val Gln Asn Ala Leu Leu Lys His Leu Asp Thr 210 215 220 CAA TAC AGT GAC CAA AAC AGA TTC AAC CTG TGC TTT GAA GAA AGA GAC 720 Gln Tyr Ser Asp Gln Asn Arg Phe Asn Leu Cys Phe Glu Glu Arg Asp 225 230 235 240 TTT GTC CCA GGA GAA AAC CGC ATT GCC AAT ATC CAG GAT GCC ATC TGG 768 Phe Val Pro Gly Glu Asn Arg Ile Ala Asn Ile Gin Asp Ala Ile Trp 245 250 255 AAC AGT AGA AAG ATC GTT TGT CTT GTG AGC AGA CAC TTC CTT AGA GAT 816 Asn Ser Arg Lys Ile Val Cys Leu Val Ser Arg His Phe Leu Arg Asp 260 265 270 GGC TGG TGC CTT GAA GCC TTC AGT TAT GCC CAG GGC AGG TGC TTA TCT 864 Gly Trp Cys Leu Glu Ala Phe Ser Tyr Ala Gln Gly Arg Cys Leu Ser 275 280 285 GAC CTT AAC AGT GCT CTC ATC ATG GTG GTG GTT GGG TCC TTG TCC CAG 912 Asp Leu Asn Ser Ala Leu Ile Met Val Val Val Gly Ser Leu Ser Gln 290 295 300 TAC CAG TTG ATG AAA CAT CAA TCC ATC AGA GGC TTT GTA CAG AAA CAG 960 Tyr Gln Leu Met Lys His Gln Ser He Arg Gly Phe Val Gln Lys Gln 305 310 315 320 CAG TAT TTG AGG TGG CCT GAG GAT CTC CAG GAT GTT GGC TGG TTT CTT 1008 Gln Tyr Leu Arg Trp Pro Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Val Gly Trp Phe Leu 325 330 335 CAT AAA CTC TCT CAA CAG ATA CTA AAG AAA GAA AAG GAA AAG AAG AAA 1056 His Lys Leu Ser Gln Gln Ile Leu Lys Lys Glu Lys Glu Lys Lys Lys 340 345 350 GAC AAT AAC ATT CCG TTG CAA ACT GTA GCA ACC ATC TCC TAATCAAAGG 1105 Asp Asn Asn Ile Pro Leu Gln Thr Val Ala Thr Ile Ser 355 360 365 AGCAATTTCC AACTTATCTC AAGCCACAAA TAACTCTTCA CTTTGTATTT GCACCAAGTT 1165 ATCATTTTGG GGTCCTCTCT GGAGGTTTTT TTTTTCTTTT TGCTACTATG AAAACAACAT 1225 AAATCTCTCA ATTTTCGTAT CAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA TGGCGGCCGC 1275 <BR> <BR> <BR> CWDVFEGLSHLQVLYLNHNYLNSLPPGVFSHLTALRGLSLNSNRLTVLSHNDLPANLEIL DISRNQLLAPNPDVF<BR> <BR> <BR> VSLSVLDITHNKFICECELSTFINWLNHTNVTIAGPPADIYCVYPDSFSGVSLFSLSTEG CDEEEVLKSLKFSLF<BR> <BR> <BR> IVCTVTLTLFLMTILTVTKFRGFCFICYKTAQRLVFKDHPQGTEPDMYKYDAYLCFSSKD FTWVQNALLKHLDTQ<BR> <BR> <BR> YSDQNRFNLCFEERDFVPGENRIANIQDAIWNSRKIVCLVSRHFLRDGWCLEAFSYAQGR CLSDLNSALIMVWG<BR> <BR> <BR> SLSQYQLMKHQSIRGFVQKQQYLRWPEDLQDVGWFLHKLSQQILKKEKEKKKDNNIPLQT VATIS

Table 6: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mammalian, e. g., primate or rodent DNAX Toll like Receptor 6 (DTLR6). SEQ ID NO : 11 and 12 are from primate, e. g., human; SEQ ID NO : 13 and 14 are from rodent, e. g., mouse. primate: ATG TGG ACA CTG AAG AGA CTA ATT CTT ATC CTT TTT AAC ATA ATC CTA 48 Met Trp Thr Leu Lys Arg Leu Ile Leu Ile Leu Phe Asn Ile Ile Leu -22-20-15-10 ATT TCC AAA CTC CTT GGG GCT AGA TGG TTT CCT AAA ACT CTG CCC TGT. 96 Ile Ser Lys Leu Leu Gly Ala Arg Trp Phe Pro Lys Thr Leu Pro Cys -5 1 5 10 GAT GTC ACT CTG GAT GTT CCA AAG AAC CAT GTG ATC GTG GAC TGC ACA 144 Asp Val Thr Leu Asp Val Pro Lys Asn His Val Ile Val Asp Cys Thr 15 20 25 GAC AAG CAT TTG ACA GAA ATT CCT GGA GGT ATT CCC ACG AAC ACC ACG 192 Asp Lys His Leu Thr Glu Ile Pro Gly Gly He Pro Thr Asn Thr Thr 30 35 40 AAC CTC ACC CTC ACC ATT AAC CAC ATA CCA GAC ATC TCC CCA GCG TCC 240 Asn Leu Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn His Ile Pro Asp Ile Ser Pro Ala Ser 45 50 55 TTT CAC AGA CTG GAC CAT CTG GTA GAG ATC GAT TTC AGA TGC AAC TGT 288 Phe His Arg Leu Asp His Leu Val Glu Ile Asp Phe Arg Cys Asn Cys 60 65 70 GTA CCT ATT CCA CTG GGG TCA AAA AAC AAC ATG TGC ATC AAG AGG CTG 336 Val Pro Ile Pro Leu Gly Ser Lys Asn Asn Met Cys Ile Lys Arg Leu 75 80 85 90 CAG ATT AAA CCC AGA AGC TTT AGT GGA CTC ACT TAT TTA AAA TCC CTT 384 Gin Ile Lys Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Gly Leu Thr Tyr Leu Lys Ser Leu 95 100 105 TAC CTG GAT GGA AAC CAG CTA CTA GAG ATA CCG CAG GGC CTC CCG CCT 432 Tyr Leu Asp Gly Asn Gin Leu Leu Glu Ile Pro Gln Gly Leu Pro Pro 110 115 120 AGC TTA CAG CTT CTC AGC CTT GAG GCC AAC AAC ATC TTT TCC ATC AGA 480 Ser Leu Gin Leu Leu Ser Leu Glu Ala Asn Asn Ile Phe Ser Ile Arg 125 130 135 AAA GAG AAT CTA ACA GAA CTG GCC AAC ATA GAA ATA CTC TAC CTG GGC 528 Lys Glu Asn Leu Thr Glu Leu Ala Asn Ile Glu Ile Leu Tyr Leu Gly 140 145 150 CAA AAC TGT TAT TAT CGA AAT CCT TGT TAT GTT TCA TAT TCA ATA GAG 576 Gln Asn Cys Tyr Tyr Arg Asn Pro Cys Tyr Val Ser Tyr Ser Ile Glu 155 160 165 170

AAA GAT GCC TTC CTA AAC TTG ACA AAG TTA AAA GTG CTC TCC CTG AAA 624 Lys Asp Ala Phe Leu Asn Leu Thr Lys Leu Lys Val Leu Ser Leu Lys 175 180 185 GAT AAC AAT GTC ACA GCC GTC CCT ACT GTT TTG CCA TCT ACT TTA ACA 672 Asp Asn Asn Val Thr Ala Val Pro Thr Val Leu Pro Ser Thr Leu Thr 190 195 200 GAA CTA TAT CTC TAC AAC AAC ATG ATT GCA AAA ATC CAA GAA GAT GAT 720 Glu Leu Tyr Leu Tyr Asn Asn Met Ile Ala Lys Ile Gln Glu Asp Asp 205 210 215 TTT AAT AAC CTC AAC CAA TTA CAA ATT CTT GAC CTA AGT GGA AAT TGC 768 Phe Asn Asn Leu Asn Gln Leu Gln Ile Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly Asn Cys 220 225 230 CCT CGT TGT TAT AAT GCC CCA TTT CCT TGT GCG CCG TGT AAA AAT AAT 816 Pro Arg Cys Tyr Asn Ala Pro Phe Pro Cys Ala Pro Cys Lys Asn Asn 235 240 245 250 TCT CCC CTA CAG ATC CCT GTA AAT GCT TTT GAT GCG CTG ACA GAA TTA 864 Ser Pro Leu Gln Ile Pro Val Asn Ala Phe Asp Ala Leu Thr Glu Leu 255 260 265 AAA GTT TTA CGT CTA CAC AGT AAC TCT CTT CAG CAT GTG CCC CCA AGA 912 Lys Val Leu Arg Leu His Ser Asn Ser Leu Gin His Val Pro Pro Arg 270 275 280 TGG TTT AAG AAC ATC AAC AAA CTC CAG GAA CTG GAT CTG TCC CAA AAC 960 Trp Phe Lys Asn Ile Asn Lys Leu Gln Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser G1n Asn 285 290 295 TTC TTG GCC AAA GAA ATT GGG GAT GCT AAA TTT CTG CAT TTT CTC CCC 1008 Phe Leu Ala Lys Glu lie Gly Asp Ala Lys Phe Leu His Phe Leu Pro 300 305 310 AGC CTC ATC CAA TTG GAT CTG TCT TTC AAT TTT GAA CTT CAG GTC TAT 1056 Ser Leu Ile Gln Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Phe Glu Leu Gln Val Tyr 315 320 325 330 CGT GCA TCT ATG AAT CTA TCA CAA GCA TTT TCT TCA CTG AAA AGC CTG 1104 Arg Ala Ser Met Asn Leu Ser Gln Ala Phe Ser Ser Leu Lys Ser Leu 335 340 345 AAA ATT CTG CGG ATC AGA GGA TAT GTC TTT AAA GAG TTG AAA AGC TTT 1152 Lys Ile Leu Arg Ile Arg Gly Tyr Val Phe Lys Glu Leu Lys Ser Phe 350 355 360 AAC CTC TCG CCA TTA CAT AAT CTT CAA AAT CTT GAA GTT CTT GAT CTT 1200 Asn Leu Ser Pro Leu His Asn Leu Gln Asn Leu Glu Val Leu Asp Leu 365 370 375 GGC ACT AAC TTT ATA AAA ATT GCT AAC CTC AGC ATG TTT AAA CAA TTT 1248 Gly Thr Asn Phe Ile Lys Ile Ala Asn Leu Ser Met Phe Lys Gln Phe 380 385 390

AAA AGA CTG AAA GTC ATA GAT CTT TCA GTG AAT AAA ATA TCA CCT TCA 1296 Lys Arg Leu Lys Val Ile Asp Leu Ser Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Pro Ser 395 400 405 410 GGA GAT TCA AGT GAA GTT GGC TTC TGC TCA AAT GCC AGA ACT TCT GTA 1344 Gly Asp Ser Ser Glu Val Gly Phe Cys Ser Asn Ala Arg Thr Ser Val 415 420 425 GAA AGT TAT GAA CCC CAG GTC CTG GAA CAA TTA CAT TAT TTC AGA TAT 1392 Glu Ser Tyr Glu Pro Gln Val Leu Glu Gln Leu His Tyr Phe Arg Tyr 430 435 440 GAT AAG TAT GCA AGG AGT TGC AGA TTC AAA AAC AAA GAG GCT TCT TTC 1440 Asp Lys Tyr Ala Arg Ser Cys Arg Phe Lys Asn Lys Glu Ala Ser Phe 445 450 455 ATG TCT GTT AAT GAA AGC TGC TAC AAG TAT GGG CAG ACC TTG GAT CTA 1488 Met Ser Val Asn Glu Ser Cys Tyr Lys Tyr Gly Gln Thr Leu Asp Leu 460 465 470 AGT AAA AAT AGT ATA TTT TTT GTC AAG TCC TCT GAT TTT'CAG CAT CTT 1536 Ser Lys Asn Ser Ile Phe Phe Val Lys Ser Ser Asp Phe Gln His Leu 475 480 485 490 TCT TTC CTC AAA TGC CTG AAT CTG TCA GGA AAT CTC ATT AGC CAA ACT 1584 Ser Phe Leu Lys Cys Leu Asn Leu Ser Gly Asn Leu Ile Ser Gln Thr 495 500 505 CTT AAT GGC AGT GAA TTC CAA CCT TTA GCA GAG CTG AGA TAT TTG GAC 1632 Leu Asn Gly Ser Glu Phe Gln Pro Leu Ala Glu Leu Arg Tyr Leu Asp 510 515 520 TTC TCC AAC AAC CGG CTT GAT TTA CTC CAT TCA ACA GCA TTT GAA GAG 1680 Phe Ser Asn Asn Arg Leu Asp Leu Leu His Ser Thr Ala Phe Glu Glu 525 530 535 CTT CAC AAA CTG GAA GTT CTG GAT ATA AGC AGT AAT AGC CAT TAT TTT 1728 Leu His Lys Leu Glu Val Leu Asp Ile Ser Ser Asn Ser His Tyr Phe 540 545 550 CAA TCA GAA GGA ATT ACT CAT ATG CTA AAC TTT ACC AAG AAC CTA AAG 1776 Gln Ser Glu Gly Ile Thr His Met Leu Asn Phe Thr Lys Asn Leu Lys 555 560 565 570 GTT CTG CAG AAA CTG ATG ATG AAC GAC AAT GAC ATC TCT TCC TCC ACC 1824 Val Leu Gln Lys Leu Met Met Asn Asp Asn Asp Ile Ser Ser Ser Thr 575 580 585 AGC AGG ACC ATG GAG AGT GAG TCT CTT AGA ACT CTG GAA TTC AGA GGA 1872 Ser Arg Thr Met Glu Ser Glu Ser Leu Arg Thr Leu Glu Phe Arg Gly 590 595 600

AAT CAC TTA GAT GTT TTA TGG AGA GAA GGT GAT AAC AGA TAC TTA CAA 1920 Asn His Leu Asp Val Leu Trp Arg Glu Gly Asp Asn Arg Tyr Leu Gln 605 610 615 TTA TTC AAG AAT CTG CTA AAA TTA GAG GAA TTA GAC ATC TCT AAA AAT 1968 Leu Phe Lys Asn Leu Leu Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Asp Ile Ser Lys Asn 620 625'630 TCC CTA AGT TTC TTG CCT TCT GGA GTT TTT GAT GGT ATG CCT CCA AAT 2016 Ser Leu Ser Phe Leu Pro Ser Gly Val Phe Asp Gly Met Pro Pro Asn 635 640 645 650 CTA AAG AAT CTC TCT TTG GCC AAA AAT GGG CTC AAA TCT TTC AGT TGG 2064 Leu Lys Asn Leu Ser Leu Ala Lys Asn Gly Leu Lys Ser Phe Ser Trp 655 660 665 AAG AAA CTC CAG TGT CTA AAG AAC CTG GAA ACT TTG GAC CTC AGC CAC 2112 Lys Lys Leu Gln Cys Leu Lys Asn Leu Glu Thr Leu Asp Leu Ser His 670 675 680 AAC CAA CTG ACC ACT GTC CCT GAG AGA TTA TCC AAC TGT TCC AGA AGC 2160 Asn Gln Leu Thr Thr Val Pro Glu Arg Leu Ser Asn Cys Ser Arg Ser 685 690 695 CTC AAG AAT CTG ATT CTT AAG AAT AAT CAA ATC AGG AGT CTG ACG AAG 2208 Leu Lys Asn Leu Ile Leu Lys Asn Asn Gln Ile Arg Ser Leu Thr Lys 700 705 710 TAT TTT CTA CAA GAT GCC TTC CAG TTG CGA TAT CTG GAT CTC AGC TCA 2256 Tyr Phe Leu Gln Asp Ala Phe Gln Leu Arg Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser 715 720 725 730 AAT AAA ATC CAG ATG ATC CAA AAG ACC AGC TTC CCA GAA AAT GTC CTC 2304 Asn Lys Ile Gln Met Ile Gln Lys Thr Ser Phe Pro Glu Asn Val Leu 735740 745 AAC AAT CTG AAG ATG TTG CTT TTG CAT CAT AAT CGG TTT CTG TGC ACC 2352 Asn Asn Leu Lys Met Leu Leu Leu His His Asn Arg Phe Leu Cys Thr 750 755 760 TGT GAT GCT GTG TGG TTT GTC TGG TGG GTT AAC CAT ACG GAG GTG ACT 2400 Cys Asp Ala Val Trp Phe Val Trp Trp Val Asn His Thr Glu Val Thr 765 770 775 ATT CCT TAC CTG GCC ACA GAT GTG ACT TGT GTG GGG CCA GGA GCA CAC 2448 Ile Pro Tyr Leu Ala Thr Asp Val Thr Cys Val Gly Pro Gly Ala His 780 785 790 AAG GGC CAA AGT GTG ATC TCC CTG GAT CTG TAC ACC TGT GAG TTA GAT 2496 Lys Gly Gln Ser Val Ile Ser Leu Asp Leu Tyr Thr Cys Glu Leu Asp 795 800 805 810 CTG ACT AAC CTG ATT CTG TTC TCA CTT TCC ATA TCT GTA TCT CTC TTT 2544 Leu Thr Asn Leu Ile Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser Ile Ser Val Ser Leu Phe 815 820 825

CTC ATG GTG ATG ATG ACA GCA AGT CAC CTC TAT TTC TGG GAT GTG TGG 2592 Leu Met Val Met Met Thr Ala Ser His Leu Tyr Phe Trp Asp Val Trp 830 835 840 TAT ATT TAC CAT TTC TGT AAG GCC AAG ATA AAG GGG TAT CAG CGT CTA 2640 Tyr Ile Tyr His Phe Cys Lys Ala Lys Ile Lys Gly Tyr Gln Arg Leu 845 850 855 ATA TCA CCA GAC TGT TGC TAT GAT GCT TTT ATT GTG TAT GAC ACT AAA 2688 Ile Ser Pro Asp Cys Cys Tyr Asp Ala Phe Ile Val Tyr Asp Thr Lys 860 865 870 GAC CCA GCT GTG ACC GAG TGG GTT TTG GCT GAG CTG GTG GCC AAA CTG 2736 Asp Pro Ala Val Thr Glu Trp Val Leu Ala Glu Leu Val Ala Lys Leu 875 880 885 890 GAA GAC CCA AGA GAG AAA CAT TTT AAT TTA TGT CTC GAG GAA AGG GAC 27. 84 Glu Asp Pro Arg Glu Lys His Phe Asn Leu Cys Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp 895 900 905 TGG TTA CCA GGG CAG CCA GTT CTG GAA AAC CTT TCC CAG AGC ATA CAG 2832 Trp Leu Pro Gly Gin Pro Val Leu Glu Asn Leu Ser Gin Ser Ile Gin 910 915 920 CTT AGC AAA AAG ACA GTG TTT GTG ATG ACA GAC AAG TAT GCA AAG ACT 2880 Leu Ser Lys Lys Thr Val Phe Val Met Thr Asp Lys Tyr Ala Lys Thr 925 930 935 GAA AAT TTT AAG ATA GCA TTT TAC TTG TCC CAT CAG AGG CTC ATG GAT 2928 Glu Asn Phe Lys Ile Ala Phe Tyr Leu Ser His Gin Arg Leu Met Asp 940 945 950 GAA AAA GTT GAT GTG ATT ATC TTG ATA TTT CTT GAG AAG CCC TTT CAG 2976 Glu Lys Val Asp Val Ile He Leu Ile Phe Leu Glu Lys Pro Phe Gin 955 960 965 970 AAG TCC AAG TTC CTC CAG CTC CGG AAA AGG CTC TGT GGG AGT TCT GTC 3024 Lys Ser Lys Phe Leu Gin Leu Arg Lys Arg Leu Cys Gly Ser Ser Val 975 980 985 CTT GAG TGG CCA ACA AAC CCG CAA GCT CAC CCA TAC TTC TGG CAG TGT 3072 Leu Glu Trp Pro Thr Asn Pro Gin Ala His Pro Tyr Phe Trp Gln Cys 990 995 1000 CTA AAG AAC GCC CTG GCC ACA GAC AAT CAT GTG GCC TAT AGT CAG GTG 3120 Leu Lys Asn Ala Leu Ala Thr Asp Asn His Val Ala Tyr Ser Gin Val 1005 1010 1015 TTC AAG GAA ACG GTC TAG 3138 Phe Lys Glu Thr Val 1020 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> MWTLKRLILILFNIILISKLLGARNFPKTLPCDVTLDVPKNHVIVDCTDKHLTEIPGGIP TNTTNLTLTINHIP<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> DISPASFHRLDHLVEIDFRCNCVPIPLGSKNNMCIKRLQIKPRSFSGLTYLKSLYLDGNQ LLEIPQGLPPSLQL

LSLEANNIFSIRKENLTELANIEILYLGQNCYYRNPCYVSYSIEKDAFLNLTKLKVLSLK DNNVTAVPTVLPST<BR> <BR> <BR> LTELYLYNNMIAKIQEDDFNNLNQLQILDLSGNCPRCYNAPFPCAPCKNNSPLQIPVNAF DALTELKVLRLHSN<BR> <BR> <BR> SLQHVPPRWFKNINKLQELDLSQNFLAKEIGDAKFLHFLPSLIQLDLSFNFELQVYRASM NLSQAFSSLKSLKI<BR> <BR> <BR> LRIRGYVFKELKSFNLSPLHNLQNLEVLDLGTNFIKIANLSMFKQFKRLKVIDLSVNKIS PSGDSSEVGFCSNA<BR> <BR> <BR> RTSVESYEPQVLEQLHYFRYDKYARSCRFKNKEASFMSVNESCYKYGQTLDLSKNSIFFV KSSDFQHLSFLKCL<BR> <BR> <BR> NLSGNLISQTLNGSEFQPLAELRYLDFSNNRLDLLHSTAFEELHKLEVLDISSNSHYFQS EGITHMLNFTKNLK<BR> <BR> <BR> VLQKLMMNDNDISSSTSRTMESESLRTLEFRGNHLDVLWREGDNRYLQLFKNLLKLEELD ISKNSLSFLPSGVF DGMPPNLKNLSLAKNGLKSFSWKKLQCLKNLETLDLSHNQLTTVPERLSNCSRSLKNLIL KNNQIRSLTKYFLQ <BR> <BR> DAFQLRYLDLSSNKIQMIQKTSFPENVLNNLKMLLLHHNRFLCTCDAVWFVWWVNHTEVT IPYLATDVTCVGPG<BR> <BR> <BR> AHKGQSVISLDLYTCELDLTNLILFSLSISVSLFLMVMMTASHLYFWDVWYIYHFCKAKI KGYQRLISPDCCYD AFIVYDTKDPAVTEWVLAELVAKLEDPREKHFNLCLEERDWLPGQPVLENLSQSIQLSKK TVFVMTDKYAKTEN <BR> <BR> FKIAFYLSHQRLMDEKVDVIILIFLEKPFQKSKFLQLRKRLCGSSVLEWPTNPQAHPYFW QCLKNALATDNHVA YSQVFKETV

rodent (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 14): CTT GGA AAA CCT CTT CAG AAG TCT AAG TTT CTT CAG CTC AGG AAG AGA 48 Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Gin Lys Ser Lys Phe Leu Gin Leu Arg Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 CTC TGC AGG AGC TCT GTC CTT GAG TGG CCT GCA AAT CCA CAG GCT CAC 96 Leu Cys Arg Ser Ser Val Leu Glu Trp Pro Ala Asn Pro Gin Ala His 20 25 30 CCA TAC TTC TGG CAG TGC CTG AAA AAT GCC CTG ACC ACA GAC AAT CAT 144 Pro Tyr Phe Trp Gln Cys Leu Lys Asn Ala Leu Thr Thr Asp Asn His 35 40 45 GTG GCT TAT AGT CAA ATG TTC AAG GAA ACA GTC TAG 180 Val Ala Tyr Ser Gin Met Phe Lys Glu Thr Val 50 55 LGKPLQKSKFLQLRKRLCRSSVLEWPANPQAHPYFWQCLKALTTDNHVAYSQMFKETV additional rodent, e. g., mouse sequences: upstream (SEQ ID NO : 27 and 28); nucleotides 186,196,217,276, and 300 designated C, each may be A, C, G, or T: TCC TAT TCT ATG GAA AAA GAT GCT TTC CTA TTT ATG AGA AAT TTG AAG 48 Ser Tyr Ser Met Glu Lys Asp Ala Phe Leu Phe Met Arg Asn Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 GTT CTC TCA CTA AAA GAT AAC AAT GTC ACA GCT GTC CCC ACC ACT TTG 96 Val Leu Ser Leu Lys Asp Asn Asn Val Thr Ala Val Pro Thr Thr Leu 20 25 30 CCA CCT AAT TTA CTA GAG CTC TAT CTT TAT AAC AAT ATC ATT AAG AAA 144 Pro Pro Asn Leu Leu Glu Leu Tyr Leu Tyr Asn Asn Ile Ile Lys Lys 35 40 45 ATC CAA GAA AAT GAT TTC AAT AAC CTC AAT GAG TTG CAA GTC CTT GAC 192 Ile Gin Glu Asn Asp Phe Asn Asn Leu Asn Glu Leu Gin Val Leu Asp 50 55 60 CTA CGT GGA AAT TGC CCT CGA TGT CAT AAT GTC CCA TAT CCG TGT ACA 240 Leu Arg Gly Asn Cys Pro Arg Cys His Asn Val Pro Tyr Pro Cys Thr 65 70 75 80 CCG TGT GAA AAT AAT TCC CCC TTA CAG ATC CAT GAC AAT GCT TTC AAT 288 Pro Cys Glu Asn Asn Ser Pro Leu Gin Ile His Asp Asn Ala Phe Asn 85 90 95 TCA TCG ACA GAC 300 Ser Ser Thr Asp 100

SYSMEKDAFLFMRNLKVLSLKDNNVTAVPTTLPPNLLELYLYNNIIKKIQENDFNNLNEL QXLDLXGNCPRCXNV PYPCTPCENNSPLQIHXNAFNSSTX downstream (SEQ ID NO : 29 and 30); nucleotide 1643 designated A, may be A or G; nucleotide 1664 designated C, may be A, C, G, or T; nucleotides 1680 and 1735 designated G, may be G or T; nucleotide 1719 designated C, may be C or T; and nucleotide 1727 designated A, may be A, G, or T: TCT CCA GAA ATT CCC TGG AAT TCC TTG CCT CCT GAG GTT TTT GAG GGT 48 Ser P. ro Glu Ile Pro Trp Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Glu Val Phe Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 ATG CCG CCA AAT CTA AAG AAT CTC TCC TTG GCC AAA AAT GGG CTC AAA 96 Met Pro Pro Asn Leu Lys Asn Leu Ser Leu Ala Lys Asn Gly Leu Lys 20 25 30 TCT TTC TTT TGG GAC AGA CTC CAG TTA CTG AAG CAT TTG GAA ATT TTG 144 Ser Phe Phe Trp Asp Arg Leu Gin Leu Leu Lys His Leu Glu Ile Leu 35 40 45 GAC CTC AGC CAT AAC CAG CTG ACA AAA GTA CCT GAG AGA TTG GCC AAC 192 Asp Leu Ser His Asn Gin Leu Thr Lys Val Pro Glu Arg Leu Ala Asn 50 55 60 TGT TCC AAA AGT CTC ACA ACA CTG ATT CTT AAG CAT AAT CAA ATC AGG 240 Cys Ser Lys Ser Leu Thr Thr Leu Ile Leu Lys His Asn Gin Ile Arg 65 70 75 80 CAA TTG ACA AAA TAT TTT CTA GAA GAT GCT TTG CAA TTG CGC TAT CTA 288 Gin Leu Thr Lys Tyr Phe Leu Glu Asp Ala Leu Gin Leu Arg Tyr Leu 85 90 95 GAC ATC AGT TCA AAT AAA ATC CAG GTC ATT CAG AAG ACT AGC TTC CCA 336 Asp Ile Ser Ser Asn Lys Ile G1n Val He Gin Lys Thr Ser Phe Pro 100 105 110 GAA AAT GTC CTC AAC AAT CTG GAG ATG TTG GTT TTA CAT CAC AAT CGC 384 Glu Asn Val Leu Asn Asn Leu Glu Met Leu Val Leu His His Asn Arg 115 120 125 TTT CTT TGC AAC TGT GAT GCT GTG TGG TTT GTC TGG TGG GTT AAC CAT 432 Phe Leu Cys Asn Cys Asp Ala Val Trp Phe Val Trp Trp Val Asn His 130 135 140 ACA GAT GTT ACT ATT CCA TAC CTG GCC ACT GAT GTG ACT TGT GTA GGT 480 Thr Asp Val Thr Ile Pro Tyr Leu Ala Thr Asp Val Thr Cys Val Gly 145 150 155 160 CCA GGA GCA CAC AAA GGT CAA AGT GTC ATA TCC CTT GAT CTG TAT ACG 528 Pro Gly Ala His Lys Gly Gin Ser Val Ile Ser Leu Asp Leu Tyr Thr 165 170 175

TGT GAG TTA GAT CTC ACA AAC CTG ATT CTG TTC TCA GTT TCC ATA TCA 576 Cys Glu Leu Asp Leu Thr Asn Leu Ile Leu Phe Ser Val Ser Ile Ser 180 185 190 TCA GTC CTC TTT CTT ATG GTA GTT ATG ACA ACA AGT CAC CTC TTT TTC 624 Ser Val Leu Phe Leu Met Val Val Met Thr Thr Ser His Leu Phe Phe 195 200'205 TGG GAT ATG TGG TAC ATT TAT TAT TTT TGG AAA GCA AAG ATA AAG GGG 672 Trp Asp Met Trp Tyr Ile Tyr Tyr Phe Trp Lys Ala Lys He Lys Gly 210 215 220 TAT CCA GCA TCT GCA ATC CCA TGG AGT CCT TGT TAT GAT GCT TTT ATT 720 Tyr Pro Ala Ser Ala Ile Pro Trp Ser Pro Cys Tyr Asp Ala Phe Ile 225 230 235 240 GTG TAT GAC ACT AAA AAC TCA GCT GTG ACA GAA TGG GTT TTG CAG GAG 768 Val Tyr Asp Thr Lys Asn Ser Ala Val Thr Glu Trp Val Leu Gln Glu 245 250 255 CTG GTG GCA AAA TTG GAA GAT CCA AGA GAA AAA CAC TTC AAT TTG TGT 816 Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Glu Asp Pro Arg Glu Lys His Phe Asn Leu Cys 260 265 270 CTA GAA GAA AGA GAC TGG CTA CCA GGA CAG CCA GTT CTA GAA AAC CTT 864 Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp Trp Leu Pro Gly Gln Pro Val Leu Glu Asn Leu 275 280 285 TCC CAG AGC ATA CAG CTC AGC AAA AAG ACA GTG TTT GTG ATG ACA CAG 912 Ser Gln Ser Ile Gln Leu Ser Lys Lys Thr Val Phe Val Met Thr Gln 290 295 300 AAA TAT GCT AAG ACT GAG AGT TTT AAG ATG GCA TTT TAT TTG TCT CAT = 960 Lys Tyr Ala Lys Thr Glu Ser Phe Lys Met Ala Phe Tyr Leu Ser His 305 310 315 320 CAG AGG CTC CTG GAT GAA AAA GTG GAT GTG ATT ATC TTG ATA TTC TTG 1008 Gln Arg Leu Leu Asp Glu Lys Val Asp Val Ile Ile Leu Ile Phe Leu 325 330 335 GAA AGA CCT CTT CAG AAG TCT AAG TTT CTT CAG CTC AGG AAG AGA CTC 1056 Glu Arg Pro Leu Gln Lys Ser Lys Phe Leu Gln Leu Arg Lys Arg Leu 340 345 350 TGC AGG AGC TCT GTC CTT GAG TGG CCT GCA AAT CCA CAG GCT CAC CCA 1104 Cys Arg Ser Ser Val Leu Glu Trp Pro Ala Asn Pro Gln Ala His Pro 355 360 365 TAC TTC TGG CAG TGC CTG AAA AAT GCC CTG ACC ACA GAC AAT CAT GTG 1152 Tyr Phe Trp Gln Cys Leu Lys Asn Ala Leu Thr Thr Asp Asn His Val 370 375 380 GCT TAT AGT CAA ATG TTC AAG GAA ACA GTC TAGCTCTCTG AAGAATGTCA 1202 Ala Tyr Ser Gln Met Phe Lys'Glu Thr Val 385 390

CCACCTAGGA CATGCCTTGG TACCTGAAGT TTTCATAAAG GTTTCCATAA ATGAAGGTCT 1262 GAATTTTTCC TAACAGTTGT CATGGCTCAG ATTGGTGGGA AATCATCAAT ATATGGCTAA 1322 GAAATTAAGA AGGGGAGACT GATAGAAGAT AATTTCTTTC TTCATGTGCC ATGCTCAGTT 1382 AAATATTTCC CCTAGCTCAA ATCTGAAAAA CTGTGCCTAG GAGACAACAC AAGGCTTTGA 1442 TTTATCTGCA TACAATTGAT AAGAGCCACA CATCTGCCCT GAAGAAGTAC TAGTAGTTTT 1502 AGTAGTAGGG TAAAAATTAC ACAAGCTTTC TCTCTCTCTG ATACTGAACT GTACCAGAGT 1562 TCAATGAAAT AAAAGCCCAG AGAACTTCTC AGTAAATGGT TTCATTATCA TGTAGTATCC 1622 ACCATGCAAT ATGCCACAAA ACCGCTACTG GTACAGGACA GCTGGTAGCT GCTTCAAGGC 1682 CTCTTATCAT TTTCTTGGGG CCCATGGAGG GGTTCTCTGG GAAAAAGGGA AGGTTTTTTT 1142 TGGCCATCCA TGAA 1756 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> SPEIPWNSLPPEVFEGMPPNLKNLSLAKNGLKSFFWDRLQLLKHLEILDLSHNQLTKVPE RLANCSKSLTTLILK<BR> <BR> <BR> HNQIRQLTKYFLEDALQLRYLDISSNKIQVIQKTSFPENVLNNLEMLVLHHNRFLCNCDA VWFVWWVNHTDVTIP<BR> <BR> <BR> YLATDVTCVGPGAHKGQSVISLDLYTCELDLTNLILFSVSISSVLFLMVVMTTSHLFFWD MWYIYYFWKAKIKGY PASAIPWSPCYDAFIVYDTKNSAVTEWVLQELVAKLEDPREKHFNLCLEERDWLPGQPVL ENLSQSIQLSKKTVF <BR> <BR> VMTQKYAKTESFKMAFYLSHQRLLDEKVDVIILIFLERPLQKSKFLQLRKRLCRSSVLEW PANPQAHPYFWQCLK NALTTDNHVAYSQMFKETV

Table 7: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 7 (DTLR7). upstream (SEQ ID NO : 15 and 16) : G AAT TCC AGA CTT ATA AAC TTG AAA AAT CTC TAT TTG GCC TGG AAC 46 Asn Ser Arg Leu Ile Asn Leu Lys Asn Leu Tyr Leu Ala Trp Asn 1 5 10 15 TGC TAT TTT AAC AAA GTT TGC GAG AAA ACT AAC ATA GAA GAT GGA GTA 94 Cys Tyr Phe Asn Lys Val Cys Glu Lys Thr Asn Ile Glu Asp Gly Val 20 25 30 TTT GAA ACG CTG ACA AAT TTG GAG TTG CTA TCA CTA TCT TTC AAT TCT 142 Phe Glu Thr Leu Thr Asn Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser Phe Asn Ser 35 40 45 CTT TCA CAT GTG CCA CCC AAA CTG CCA AGC TCC CTA CGC AAA CTT TTT 190 Leu Ser His Val Pro Pro Lys Leu Pro Ser Ser Leu Arg Lys Leu Phe 50 55 60 CTG AGC AAC ACC CAG ATC AAA TAC ATT AGT GAA GAA GAT TTC AAG GGA 238 Leu Ser Asn Thr Gln Ile Lys Tyr Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Phe Lys Gly 65 70 75 TTG ATA AAT TTA ACA TTA CTA GAT TTA AGC GGG AAC TGT CCG AGG TGC 286 Leu Ile Asn Leu Thr Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly Asn Cys Pro Arg Cys 80 85 90 95 TTC AAT GCC CCA TTT CCA TGC GTG CCT TGT GAT GGT GGT GCT TCA ATT 334 Phe Asn Ala Pro Phe Pro Cys Val Pro Cys Asp Gly Gly Ala Ser Ile 100 105 110 AAT ATA GAT CGT TTT GCT TTT CAA AAC TTG ACC CAA CTT CGA TAC CTA 382 Asn Ile Asp Arg Phe Ala Phe Gln Asn Leu Thr Gln Leu Arg Tyr Leu 115 120 125 AAC CTC TCT AGC ACT TCC CTC AGG AAG ATT AAT GCT GCC TGG TTT AAA 430 Asn Leu Ser Ser Thr Ser Leu Arg Lys Ile Asn Ala Ala Trp Phe Lys 130 135 140 AAT ATG CCT CAT CTG AAG GTG CTG GAT CTT GAA TTC AAC TAT TTA GTG 478 Asn Met Pro His Leu Lys Val Leu Asp Leu Glu Phe Asn Tyr Leu Val 145 150 155 GGA GAA ATA GCC TCT GGG GCA TTT TTA ACG ATG CTG CCC CGC TTA GAA 526 Gly Glu Ile Ala Ser Gly Ala Phe Leu Thr Met Leu Pro Arg Leu Glu 160 165 170 175 ATA CTT GAC TTG TCT TTT AAC TAT ATA AAG GGG AGT TAT CCA CAG CAT 574 Ile Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Tyr Ile Lys Gly Ser Tyr Pro Gln His 180 185 190

ATT AAT ATT TCC AGA AAC TTC TCT AAA CTT TTG TCT CTA CGG GCA TTG 622 Ile Asn Ile Ser Arg Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Leu Ser Leu Arg Ala Leu 195 200 205 CAT TTA AGA GGT TAT GTG TTC CAG GAA CTC AGA GAA GAT GAT TTC CAG 670 His Leu Arg Gly Tyr Val Phe Gln Glu Leu Arg Glu Asp Asp Phe Gin 210 215'220 CCC CTG ATG CAG CTT CCA AAC TTA TCG ACT ATC AAC TTG GGT ATT AAT 718 Pro Leu Met Gln Leu Pro Asn Leu Ser Thr Ile Asn Leu Gly Ile Asn 225 230 235 TTT ATT AAG CAA ATC GAT TTC AAA CTT TTC CAA AAT TTC TCC AAT CTG 766 Phe Ile Lys Gln Ile Asp Phe Lys Leu Phe Gln Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu 240 245 250 255 GAA ATT ATT TAC TTG TCA GAA AAC AGA ATA TCA CCG TTG GTA AAA GAT 814 Glu Ile Ile Tyr Leu Ser Glu Asn Arg Ile Ser Pro Leu Val Lys Asp 260 265 270 ACC CGG CAG AGT TAT GCA AAT AGT TCC TCT TTT CAA CGT CAT ATC CGG 862 Thr Arg Gln Ser Tyr Ala Asn Ser Ser Ser Phe Gln Arg His Ile Arg 275 280 285 AAA CGA CGC TCA ACA GAT TTT GAG TTT GAC CCA CAT TCG AAC TTT TAT 910 Lys Arg Arg Ser Thr Asp Phe Glu Phe Asp Pro His Ser Asn Phe Tyr 290 295 300 CAT TTC ACC CGT CCT TTA ATA AAG CCA CAA TGT GCT GCT TAT GGA AAA 958 His Phe Thr Arg Pro Leu Ile Lys Pro Gln Cys Ala Ala Tyr Gly Lys 305 310 315 GCC TTA GAT TTA AGC CTC AAC AGT ATT TTC TT 990 Ala Leu Asp Leu Ser Leu Asn Ser Ile Phe 320 325 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> NSRLINLKNLYLAWNCYFNKVCEKTNIEDGVFETLTNLELLSLSFNSLSHVPPKLPSSLR KLFLSNTQIKYISE<BR> <BR> <BR> EDFKGLINLTLLDLSGNCPRCFNAPFPCVPCDGGASINIDRFAFQNLTQLRYLNLSSTSL RKINAAWFKNMPHL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> KVLDLEFNYLVGEIASGAFLTMLPRLEILDLSFNYIKGSYPQHINISRNFSKLLSLRALH LRGYVFQELREDDF<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> QPLMQLPNLSTINLGINFIKQIDFKLFQNFSNLEIIYLSENRISPLVKDTRQSYANSSSF QRHIRKRRSTDFEF<BR> <BR> <BR> DPHSNFYHFTRPLIKPQCAAYGKALDLSLNSIF downstream (SEQ ID NO : 17 and 18): CAG TCT CTT TCC ACA TCC CAA ACT TTC TAT GAT GCT TAC ATT TCT TAT 48 Gln Ser Leu Ser Thr Ser Gln Thr Phe Tyr Asp Ala Tyr Ile Ser Tyr 1 5 10. 15 GAC ACC AAA GAT GCC TCT GTT ACT GAC TGG GTG ATA AAT GAG CTG CGC 96 Asp Thr Lys Asp Ala Ser Val Thr Asp Trp Val Ile Asn Glu Leu Arg 20 25 30

TAC CAC CTT GAA GAG AGC CGA GAC AAA AAC GTT CTC CTT TGT CTA GAG 144 Tyr His Leu Glu Glu Ser Arg Asp Lys Asn Val Leu Leu Cys Leu Glu 35 40 45 GAG AGG GAT TGG GAC CCG GGA TTG GCC ATC ATC GAC AAC CTC ATG CAG 192 Glu Arg Asp Trp Asp Pro Gly Leu'Ala Ile Ile Asp Asn Leu Met Gln 50 55'60 AGC ATC AAC CAA AGC AAG AAA ACA GTA TTT GTT TTA ACC AAA AAA TAT 240 Ser Ile Asn Gln Ser Lys Lys Thr Val Phe Val Leu Thr Lys Lys Tyr 65 70 75 80 GCA AAA AGC TGG AAC TTT AAA ACA GCT TTT TAC TTG GGC TTG CAG AGG 288 Ala Lys Ser Trp Asn Phe Lys Thr Ala Phe Tyr Leu Gly Leu Gln Arg 85 90 95 CTA ATG GGT GAG AAC ATG GAT GTG ATT ATA TTT ATC CTG CTG GAG CCA 336 Leu Met Gly Glu Asn Met Asp Val Ile Ile Phe Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro 100 105 110 GTG TTA CAG CAT TCT CCG TAT TTG AGG CTA CGG CAG CGG ATC TGT AAG 384 Val Leu G1n His Ser Pro Tyr Leu Arg Leu Arg Gln Arg Ile Cys Lys 115 120 125 AGC TCC ATC CTC CAG TGG CCT GAC AAC CCG AAG GCA GAA AGG TTG TTT 432 Ser Ser Ile Leu Gln Trp Pro Asp Asn Pro Lys Ala Glu Arg Leu Phe 130 135 140 TGG CAA ACT CTG AGA AAT GTG GTC TTG ACT GAA AAT GAT TCA CGG TAT 480 Trp Gln Thr Leu Arg Asn Val Val Leu Thr Glu Asn Asp Ser Arg Tyr 145 150 155 160 AAC AAT ATG TAT GTC GAT TCC ATT AAG CAA TAC TAACTGACGT TAAGTCATGA 533 Asn Asn Met Tyr Val Asp Ser Ile Lys Gln Tyr 165 170 TTTCGCGCCA TAATAAAGAT GCAAAGGAAT GACATTTCCG TATTAGTTAT CTATTGCTAC 593 GGTAACCAAA TTACTCCCAA AAACCTTACG TCGGTTTCAA AACAACCACA TTCTGCTGGC 653 CCCACAGTTT TTGAGGGTCA GGAGTCCAGG CCCAGCATAA CTGGGTCTTC TGCTTCAGGG 713 TGTCTCCAGA GGCTGCAATG TAGGTGTTCA CCAGAGACAT AGGCATCACT GGGGTCACAC 773 TCCATGTGGT TGTTTTCTGG ATTCAATTCC TCCTGGGCTA TTGGCCAAAG GCTATACTCA 833 TGTAAGCCAT GCGAGCCTAT CCCACAACGG CAGCTTGCTT CATCAGAGCT AGCAAAAAAG 893 AGAGGTTGCT AGCAAGATGA AGTCACAATC TTTTGTAATC GAATCAAAAA AGTGATATCT 953 CATCACTTTG GCCATATTCT ATTTGTTAGA AGTAAACCAC AGGTCCCACC AGCTCCATGG 1013 GAGTGACCAC CTCAGTCCAG GGAPAACAGC TGAAGACCAA GATGGTGAGC TCTGATTGCT 1073 TCAGTTGGTC ATCAACTATT TTCCCTTGAC TGCTGTCCTG GGATGGCCGG CTATCTTGAT 1133

GGATAGATTG TGAATATCAG GAGGCCAGGG ATCACTGTGG ACCATCTTAG CAGTTGACCT 1193 AACACATCTT CTTTTCAATA TCTAAGAACT TTTGCCACTG TGACTAATGG TCCTAATATT 1253 AAGCTGTTGT TTATATTTAT CATATATCTA TGGCTACATG GTTATATTAT GCTGTGGTTG 1313 CGTTCGGTTT TATTTACAGT TGCTTTTACA AATATTTGCT GTAACATTTG ACTTCTAAGG 1373 TTTAGATGCC ATTTAAGAAC TGAGATGGAT AGCTTTTAAA GCATCTTTTA CTTCTTACCA 1433 TTTTTTAAAA GTATGCAGCT AAATTCGAAG CTTTTGGTCT ATATTGTTAA TTGCCATTGC 1493 TGTAAATCTT AAAATGAATG AATAAAAATG TTTCATTTTA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA 1553 AAAA 1557 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> QSLSTSQTFYDAYISYDTKDASVTDWVINELRYHLEESRDKNVLLCLEERDWDPGLAIID NLMQSINQSKKTVFV<BR> <BR> <BR> LTKKYAKSWNFKTAFYLGLQRLMGENMDVIIFILLEPVLQHSPYLRLRQRICKSSILQWP DNPKAERLFWQTLRN<BR> <BR> WLTENDSRYNNMYVDSIKQY Further primate, e. g, human, DTLR7 sequence (SEQ ID NO : 36 and 37). atg ctg acc tgc att ttc ctg cta ata tct ggt tcc tgt gag tta tgc 48 Met Leu Thr Cys Ile Phe Leu Leu Ile Ser Gly Ser Cys Glu Leu Cys -15-10-5 gcc gaa gaa aat ttt tct aga agc tat cct tgt gat gag aaa aag caa 96 Ala Glu Glu Asn Phe Ser Arg Ser Tyr Pro Cys Asp Glu Lys Lys Gln -1 1 5 10 15 aat gac tca gtt att gca gag tgc agc aat cgt cga cta cag gaa gtt 144 Asn Asp Ser Val He Ala Glu Cys Ser Asn Arg Arg Leu Gln Glu Val- 20 25 30 t ccc caa acg gtg ggc aaa tat gtg aca gaa cta gac ctg tct gat aat 192 Pro Gln Thr Val Gly Lys Tyr Val Thr Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Asp Asn 35 40 45 ttc atc aca cac ata acg aat gaa tca ttt caa ggg ctg caa aat ctc 240 Phe Ile Thr His Ile Thr Asn Glu Ser Phe Gln Gly Leu Gln Asn Leu 50 55 60 act aaa ata aat cta aac cac aac ccc aat gta cag cac cag aac gga 288 Thr Lys Ile Asn Leu Asn His Asn Pro Asn Val Gln His Gln Asn Gly 65 70 75 aat ccc ggt ata caa tca aat ggc ttg aat atc aca gac ggg gca ttc 336 Asn Pro Gly Ile Gln Ser Asn Gly Leu Asn Ile Thr Asp Gly Ala Phe 80 85 90 95 ctc aac cta aaa aac cta agg gag tta ctg ctt gaa gac aac cag tta 3B9 Leu Asn Leu Lys Asn Leu Arg Glu Leu Leu Leu Glu Asp Asn Gln Leu 100 105 110

ccc caa ata ccc tct ggt ttg cca gag tct ttg aca gaa ctt agt cta 432 Pro Gln Ile Pro Ser Gly Leu Pro Glu Ser Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu 115 120 125 att caa aac aat ata tac aac ata act aaa gag, ggc att tca aga ctt 480 Ile Gln Asn Asn Ile Tyr Asn Ile Thr Lys Glu'Gly Ile Ser Arg Leu 130 135 140 ata aac ttg aaa aat ctc tat ttg gcc tgg aac tgc tat ttt aac aaa 528 Ile Asn Leu Lys Asn Leu Tyr Leu Ala Trp Asn Cys Tyr Phe Asn Lys 145 150 155 gtt tgc gag aaa act aac ata gaa gat gga gta ttt gaa acg ctg aca 576 Val Cys Glu Lys Thr Asn Ile Glu Asp Gly Val Phe Glu Thr Leu Thr 160 165 170 175 aat ttg gag ttg cta tca cta tct ttc aat tct ctt tca cat gtg cca 624 Asn Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser Phe Asn Ser Leu Ser His Val Pro 180 185 190 ccc aaa ctg cca agc tcc cta cgc aaa ctt ttt ctg agc aac acc cag 672 Pro Lys Leu Pro Ser Ser Leu Arg Lys Leu Phe Leu Ser Asn Thr Gln 195 200 205 atc aaa tac att agt gaa gaa gat ttc aag gga ttg ata aat tta aca 720 Ile Lys Tyr Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp Phe Lys Gly Leu Ile Asn Leu Thr 210 215 220 tta cta gat tta agc ggg aac tgt ccg agg tgc ttc aat gcc cca ttt 768 Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Gly Asn Cys Pro Arg Cys Phe Asn Ala Pro Phe 225 230 235 cca tgc gtg cct tgt gat ggt ggt gct tca att aat ata gat cgt ttt 816 Pro Cys Val Pro Cys Asp Gly Gly Ala Ser Ile Asn Ile Asp Arg Phe 240 245 250 255 gct ttt caa aac ttg acc caa ctt cga tac cta aac ctc tct agc act 864 Ala Phe Gln Asn Leu Thr Gln Leu Arg Tyr Leu Asn Leu Ser Ser Thr 260 265 270 tcc ctc agg aag att aat gct gcc tgg ttt aaa aat atg cct cat ctg 912 Ser Leu Arg Lys Ile Asn Ala Ala Trp Phe Lys Asn Met Pro His Leu 275 280 285 aag gtg ctg gat ctt gaa ttc aac tat tta gtg gga gaa ata gcc tct 960 Lys Val Leu Asp Leu Glu Phe Asn Tyr Leu Val Gly Glu Ile Ala Ser 290 295 300 ggg gca ttt tta acg atg ctg ccc cgc tta gaa ata ctt gac ttg tct 1008 Gly Ala Phe Leu Thr Met Leu Pro Arg Leu Glu Ile Leu Asp Leu Ser 305 310 315 ttt aac tat ata aag ggg agt tat cca cag cat att aat att tcc aga 1056 Phe Asn Tyr Ile Lys Gly Ser Tyr Pro Gln His Ile Asn Ile Ser Arg 320 325 330 335

aac ttc tct aaa ctt ttg tct cta cgg gca ttg cat tta aga ggt tat 1104 Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Leu Ser Leu Arg Ala Leu His Leu Arg Gly Tyr 340 345 350 gtg ttc cag gaa etc aga gaa gat gat ttc cag, ccc ctg atg cag ctt 1152 Val Phe Gln Glu Leu Arg Glu Asp Asp Phe Gln'Pro Leu Met Gln Leu 355 360. 365 cca aac tta tcg act. atc aac ttg ggt att aat ttt att aag caa atc 1200 Pro Asn Leu Ser Thr Ile Asn Leu Gly Ile Asn Phe Ile Lys Gln Ile 370 375 380 gat ttc aaa ctt ttc caa aat ttc tcc aat ctg gaa att att tac ttg 1248 Asp Phe Lys Leu Phe Gln Asn Phe Ser Asn Leu Glu Ile Ile Tyr Leu 385 390 395 tca gaa aac aga ata tca ccg ttg gta aaa gat acc cgg cag agt tat 1296 Ser Glu Asn Arg Ile Ser Pro Leu Val Lys Asp Thr Arg Gln Ser Tyr 400 405 410 415 gca aat agt tcc tct ttt caa cgt cat atc cgg aaa cga cgc tca aca 1344 Ala Asn Ser Ser Ser Phe Gln Arg His Ile Arg Lys Arg Arg Ser Thr 420 425 430 gat ttt gag ttt gac cca cat tcg aac ttt tat cat ttc acc cgt cct 1392 Asp Phe Glu Phe Asp Pro His Ser Asn Phe Tyr His Phe Thr Arg Pro 435 440 445 tta ata aag cca caa tgt gct gct tat gga aaa gcc tta gat tta agc 1440 Leu Ile Lys Pro Gln Cys Ala Ala Tyr Gly Lys Ala Leu Asp Leu Ser 450 455 460 ctc aac agt att ttc ttc att ggg cca aac caa ttt gaa aat ctt cct 1488 Leu Asn Ser Ile Phe Phe Ile Gly Pro Asn Gln Phe Glu Asn Leu Pro 465 470 475 gac att gcc tgt tta aat ctg tct gca aat agc aat gct caa gtg tta 1536 Asp Ile Ala Cys Leu Asn Leu Ser Ala Asn Ser Asn Ala Gln Val Leu 480 485 490 495 agt gga act gaa ttt tca gcc att cct cat gtc aaa tat ttg gat ttg 1584 Ser Gly Thr Glu Phe Ser Ala Ile Pro His Val Lys Tyr Leu Asp Leu 500 505 510 aca aac aat aga cta gac ttt gat aat gct agt gct ctt act gaa ttg 1632 Thr Asn Asn Arg Leu Asp Phe Asp Asn Ala Ser Ala Leu Thr Glu Leu 515 520 525 tcc gac ttg gaa gtt cta gat ctc agc tat aat tca cac tat ttc aga 1680 Ser Asp Leu Glu Val Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser His Tyr Phe Arg 530 535 540 ata gca ggc gta aca cat cat cta gaa ttt att caa aat ttc aca aat 1728 Ile Ala Gly Val Thr His His Leu Glu Phe Ile Gin Asn Phe Thr Asn 545 550 555 cta aaa gtt tta aac ttg agc cac aac aac att tat act tta aca gat 1776 Leu Lys Val Leu Asn Leu Ser His Asn Asn Ile Tyr Thr Leu Thr Asp

560 565 570 575 aag tat aac ctg gaa agc aag tcc ctg gta gaa tta gtt ttc agt ggc 1824 Lys Tyr Asn Leu Glu Ser Lys Ser Leu Val Glu Leu Val Phe Ser Gly 580 585 590 aat cgc ctt gac att ttg tgg aat gat gat gac aac agg tat atc tcc 1872 Asn Arg Leu Asp Ile Leu Trp Asn Asp Asp Asp Asn Arg Tyr Ile Ser 595. 600605

att ttc aaa ggt ctc aag aat ctg aca cgt ctg gat tta tcc ctt aat 1920 Ile Phe Lys Gly Leu Lys Asn Leu Thr Arg Leu Asp Leu Ser Leu Asn 610 615 620 agg ctc aag cac atc cca aat gaa gca ttc ctt-aat ttg cca gcg agt 1968 Arg Leu Lys His Ile Pro Asn Glu Ala Phe Leu'Asn Leu Pro Ala Ser 625 630. 635 ctc act gaa cta cat-ata aat gat aat atg tta aag ttt ttt aac tgg 2016 Leu Thr Glu Leu His Ile Asn Asp Asn Met Leu Lys Phe Phe Asn Trp 640 645 650 655 aca tta ctc cag cag ttt cct cgt ctc gag ttg ctt gac tta cgt gga 2064 Thr Leu Leu Gln Gln Phe Pro Arg Leu Glu Leu Leu Asp Leu Arg Gly 660 665 670 aac aaa cta ctc ttt tta act gat agc cta tct gac ttt aca tct tcc 2112 Asn Lys Leu Leu Phe Leu Thr Asp Ser Leu Ser Asp Phe Thr Ser Ser 675 680 685 ctt cgg aca ctg ctg ctg agt cat aac agg att tcc cac cta ccc tct 2160 Leu Arg Thr Leu Leu Leu Ser His Asn Arg Ile Ser His Leu Pro Ser 690 695 700 ggc ttt ctt tct gaa gtc agt agt ctg aag cac ctc gat tta agt tcc 2208 Gly Phe Leu Ser Glu Val Ser Ser Leu Lys His Leu Asp Leu Ser Ser 705 710 715 aat ctg cta aaa aca atm aac aaa tcc gca ctt gaa act aag acc acc 2256 Asn Leu Leu Lys Thr Xaa Asn Lys Ser Ala Leu Glu Thr Lys Thr Thr 720 725 730 735 acc aaa tta tct atg ttg gaa cta cac gga aac ccc ttt gaa tgc acc 2304 Thr Lys Leu Ser Met Leu Glu Leu His Gly Asn Pro Phe Glu Cys Thr 740 745 750 tgt gac att gga gat ttc cga aga tgg atg gat gaa cat ctg aat gtc 2352 Cys Asp Ile Gly Asp Phe Arg Arg Trp Met Asp Glu His Leu Asn Val 755 760 765 aaa att ccc aga ctg gta gat gtc att tgt gcc agt cct ggg gat caa 2400 Lys Ile Pro Arg Leu Val Asp Val Ile Cys Ala Ser Pro Gly Asp Gln 770 775 780 aga ggg aag agt att gtg agt ctg gag cta aca act tgt gtt tca gat 2448 Arg Gly Lys Ser Ile Val Ser Leu Glu Leu Thr Thr Cys Val Ser Asp 785 790 795 gtc act gca gtg ata tta ttt ttc ttc acg ttc ttt atc acc acc atg 2496 Val Thr Ala Val Ile Leu Phe Phe Phe Thr Phe Phe Ile Thr Thr Met 800 805 810 815 gtt atg ttg gct gcc ctg gct cac cat ttg ttt tac tgg gat gtt tgg 2544 Val Met Leu Ala Ala Leu Ala His His Leu Phe Tyr Trp Asp Val Trp 820 825 830

ttt ata tat aat gtg tgt tta gct aag tta aaa ggc tac agg tct ctt 2592 Phe Ile Tyr Asn Val Cys Leu Ala Lys Leu Lys Gly Tyr Arg Ser Leu 835 840 845 tcc aca tcc caa act ttc tat gat gct tac att, tct tat gac acc aaa 2640 Ser Thr Ser Gln Thr Phe Tyr Asp Ala Tyr Ile'Ser Tyr Asp Thr Lys 850 855 860 gat gcc tct gtt act. gac tgg gtg ata aat gag ctg cgc tac cac ctt 2688 Asp Ala Ser Val Thr Asp Trp Val Ile Asn Glu Leu Arg Tyr His Leu 865 870 875 gaa gag agc cga gac aaa aac gtt ctc ctt tgt cta gag gag agg gat 2736 Glu Glu Ser Arg Asp Lys Asn Val Leu Leu Cys Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp 880 885 890 895 tgg gac ccg gga ttg gcc atc atc gac aac ctc atg cag agc atc aac 2784 Trp Asp Pro Gly Leu Ala Ile Ile Asp Asn Leu Met Gln Ser Ile Asn 900 905 910 caa agc aag aaa aca gta ttt gtt tta acc aaa aaa tat gca aaa agc 2832 Gln Ser Lys Lys Thr Val Phe Val Leu Thr Lys Lys Tyr Ala Lys Ser 915 920 925 tgg aac ttt aaa aca gct ttt tac ttg gcc ttg cag agg cta atg'ggt 2880 Trp Asn Phe Lys Thr Ala Phe Tyr Leu Ala Leu Gln Arg Leu Met Gly 930 935 940 gag aac atg gat gtg att ata ttt atc ctg ctg gag cca gtg tta cag 2928 Glu Asn Met Asp Val Ile Ile Phe Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro Val Leu Gln 945 950 955 cat tct ccg tat ttg agg cta cgg cag cgg atc tgt aag agc tcc atc 2976 His Ser Pro Tyr Leu Arg Leu Arg Gln Arg Ile Cys Lys Ser Ser Ile 960 965 970 975 = ctc cag tgg cct gac aac ccg aag gca gaa ggc ttg ttt tgg caa act 3024 Leu Gln Trp Pro Asp Asn Pro Lys Ala Glu Gly Leu Phe Trp Gln Thr 980 985 990 ctg aga aat gtg gtc ttg act gaa aat gat tca cgg tat aac aat atg 3072 Leu Arg Asn Val Val Leu Thr Glu Asn Asp Ser Arg Tyr Asn Asn Met 995 1000 1005 tat gtc gat tcc att aag caa tac taa 3099 Tyr Val Asp Ser Ile Lys Gln Tyr 1010 1015

MLTCIFLLISGSCELCAEENFSRSYPCDEKKQNDSVIAECSNRRLQEVPQTVGKYVTELD LSDNFITHI TNESFQGLQNLTKINLNHNPNVQHQNGNPGIQSNGLNITDGAFLNLKNLRELLLEDNQLP QIPSGLPES LTELSLIQNNIYNITKEGISRLINLKNLYLAWNCYFNKVCEKTNIEDGVFETLTNLELLS LSFNSLSHV PPKLPSSLRKLFLSNTQIKYISEEDFKGLINLTLLDLSGNCPRCFNAPFPCVPCDGGASI NIDRFAFQN LTQLRYLNLSSTSLRKINAAWFKNMPHLKVLDLEFNYLVGEIASGAFLTMLPRLEILDLS FNYIKGSYP QHINISRNFSKLLSLRALHLRGYVFQELREDDFQPLMQLPNLSTINLGINFIKQIDFKLF QNFSNLEII YLSENRISPLVKDTRQSYANSSSFQRHIRKRRSTDFEFDPHSNFYHFTRPLIKPQCAAYG KALDLSLNS IFFIGPNQFENLPDIACLNLSANSNAQVLSGTEFSAIPHVKYLDLTNNRLDFDNASALTE LSDLEVLDL SYNSHYFRIAGVTHHLEFIQNFTNLKVLNLSHNNIYTLTDKYNLESKSLVELVFSGNRLD ILWNDDDNR <BR> <BR> <BR> YISIFKGLKNLTRLDLSLNRLKHIPNEAFLNLPASLTELHINDNMLKFFNWTLLQQFPRL ELLDLRGNK<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LLFLTDSLSDFTSSLRTLLLSHNRISHLPSGFLSEVSSLKHLDLSSNLLKTINKSALETK TTTKLSMLE LHGNPFECTCDIGDFRRWMDEHLNVKIPRLVDVICASPGDQRGKSIVSLELTTCVSDVTA VILFFFTFF <BR> <BR> ITTMVMLAALAHHLFYWDVWFIYNVCLAKLKGYRSLSTSQTFYDAYISYDTKDASVTDWV INELRYHLE ESRDKNVLLCLEERDWDPGLAIIDNLMQSINQSKKTVFVLTKKYAKSWNFKTAFYLALQR LMGENMDVI IFILLEPVLQHSPYLRLRQRICKSSILQWPDNPKAEGLFWQTLRNVVLTENDSRYNNMYV DSIKQY

Table 8: Partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 19 and 20) of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 8 (DTLR8).

AAT GAA TTG ATC CCC AAT CTA GAG AAG GAA GAT ; GGT TCT ATC TTG ATT 48 Asn Glu Leu Ile Pro Asn Leu Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Ser Ile Leu Ile 1 5 10 15 TGC CTT TAT GAA AGC TAC TTT GAC CCT GGC AAA AGC ATT AGT GAA AAT 96 Cys Leu Tyr Glu Ser Tyr Phe Asp Pro Gly Lys Ser Ile Ser Glu Asn 20 25 30 ATT GTA AGC TTC ATT GAG AAA AGC TAT AAG TCC ATC TTT GTT TTG TCC 144 Ile Val Ser Phe Ile Glu Lys Ser Tyr Lys Ser Ile Phe Val Leu Ser 35 40 45 CCC AAC TTT GTC CAG AAT GAG TGG TGC CAT TAT GAA TTC TAC TTT GCC 192 Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Asn Glu Trp Cys His Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Phe Ala 50 55 60 CAC CAC AAT CTC TTC CAT GAA AAT TCT GAT CAC ATA ATT CTT ATC TTA 240 His His Asn Leu Phe His Glu Asn Ser Asp His Ile Ile Leu Ile Leu 65 70 75 80 CTG GAA CCC ATT CCA TTC TAT TGC ATT CCC ACC AGG TAT CAT AAA CTG 288 Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Phe Tyr Cys Ile Pro Thr Arg Tyr His Lys Leu 85 90 95 GAA GCT CTC CTG GAA AAA AAA GCA TAC TTG GAA TGG CCC AAG GAT AGG 336 Glu Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys Lys Ala Tyr Leu Glu Trp Pro Lys Asp Arg 100 105 110 CGT AAA TGT GGG CTT TTC TGG GCA AAC CTT CGA GCT GCT GTT AAT GTT 384 Arg Lys Cys Gly Leu Phe Trp Ala Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala Val Asn Val 115 120 125 AAT GTA TTA GCC ACC AGA GAA ATG TAT GAA CTG CAG ACA TTC ACA GAG 432 Asn Val Leu Ala Thr Arg Glu Met Tyr Glu Leu Gln Thr Phe Thr Glu 130 135 140 TTA AAT GAA GAG TCT CGA GGT TCT ACA ATC TCT CTG ATG AGA ACA GAC 480 Leu Asn Glu Glu Ser Arg Gly Ser Thr Ile Ser Leu Met Arg Thr Asp 145 150 155 160 TGT CTA TAAAATCCCA CAGTCCTTGG GAAGTTGGGG ACCACATACA CTGTTGGGAT 53E Cys Leu GTACATTGAT ACAACCTTTA TGATGGCAAT TTGACAATAT TTATTAAAAT AAAAAATGGT 59E TATTCCCTTC AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAA 62S <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> NELIPNLEKEDGSILICLYESYFDPGKSISENIVSFIEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQNEWCHYE FYFAHHNLFHEN :<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> HIILILLEPIPFYCIPTRYHKLEALLEKKAYLEWPKDRRKCGLFWANLRAAVNVNVLATR EMYELQTFTELNE SRGSTISLMRTDCL

additional primate, e. g., human sequence (SEQ ID NO : 31 and 32) ; nucleotides 4 and 23 designated C, may be A, C, G, or T; nucleotide 845 designated C, may be C or T: C TCC GAT GCC AAG ATT CGG CAC CAG GCA TAT TCA GAG GTC ATG ATG 46 Ser Asp Ala Lys Ile Arg His Gln Ala Tyr Ser Glu Val Met Met 1 5 10 15 GTT GGA TGG TCA GAT TCA TAC ACC TGT GAA TAC CCT TTA AAC CTA AGG 94 Val Gly Trp Ser Asp Ser Tyr Thr Cys Glu Tyr Pro Leu Asn Leu Arg 20 25 30 GGA ACT AGG TTA AAA GAC GTT CAT CTC CAC GAA TTA TCT TGC AAC ACA 142 Gly Thr Arg Leu Lys Asp Val His Leu His Glu Leu Ser Cys Asn Thr 35 40 45 GCT CTG TTG ATT GTC ACC ATT GTG GTT ATT ATG CTA GTT CTG GGG TTG 190 Ala Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Ile Val Val Ile Met Leu Val Leu Gly Leu 50 55 60 GCT GTG GCC TTC TGC TGT CTC CAC TTT GAT CTG CCC TGG TAT CTC AGG 238 Ala Val Ala Phe Cys Cys Leu His Phe Asp Leu Pro Trp Tyr Leu Arg 65 70 75 ATG CTA GGT CAA TGC ACA CAA ACA TGG CAC AGG GTT AGG AAA ACA ACC 286 Met Leu Gly Gln Cys Thr Gln Thr Trp His Arg Val Arg Lys Thr Thr 80 85 90 95 CAA GAA CAA CTC AAG AGA AAT GTC CGA TTC CAC GCA TTT ATT TCA TAC 334 Gln Glu Gln Leu Lys Arg Asn Val Arg Phe His Ala Phe Ile Ser Tyr 100 105 110 AGT GAA CAT GAT TCT CTG TGG GTG AAG AAT GAA TTG ATC CCC AAT CTA 382 Ser Glu His Asp Ser Leu Trp Val Lys Asn Glu Leu Ile Pro Asn Leu 115 120 125 GAG AAG GAA GAT GGT TCT ATC TTG ATT TGC CTT TAT GAA AGC TAC TTT 430 Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Ser Ile Leu Ile Cys Leu Tyr Glu Ser Tyr Phe 130 135 140 GAC CCT GGC AAA AGC ATT AGT GAA AAT ATT GTA AGC TTC ATT GAG AAA 478 Asp Pro Gly Lys Ser Ile Ser Glu Asn Ile Val Ser Phe Ile Glu Lys 145 150 155 AGC TAT AAG TCC ATC TTT GTT TTG TCT CCC AAC TTT GTC CAG AAT GAG 52f Ser Tyr Lys Ser Ile Phe Val Leu Ser Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Asn Glu 160 165 170 175 TGG TGC CAT TAT GAA TTC TAC TTT GCC CAC CAC AAT CTC TTC CAT GAA 57 Trp Cys His Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Phe Ala His His Asn Leu Phe His Glu 180 185 190 AAT TCT GAT CAC ATA ATT CTT ATC TTA CTG GAA CCC ATT CCA TTC TAT 62 Asn Ser Asp His Ile Ile Leu Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Phe Tyr 195 200 205

TGC ATT CCC ACC AGG TAT CAT AAA CTG GAA GCT CTC CTG GAA AAA AAA 670 Cys Ile Pro Thr Arg Tyr His Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys Lys 210 215 220 /" GCA TAC TTG GAA TGG CCC AAG GAT AGG CGT AAA TGT GGG CTT TTC TGG 718 Ala Tyr Leu Glu Trp Pro Lys Asp Arg Arg Lys Cys Gly Leu Phe Trp 225 230 235 GCA AAC CTT CGA GCT GCT GTT AAT GTT AAT GTA TTA GCC ACC AGA GAA 766 Ala Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala Val Asn Val Asn Val Leu Ala Thr Arg Glu 240 245 250 255 ATG TAT GAA CTG CAG ACA TTC ACA GAG TTA AAT GAA GAG TCT CGA GGT 814 Met Tyr Glu Leu Gln Thr Phe Thr Glu Leu Asn Glu Glu Ser Arg Gly 260 265 270 TCT ACA ATC TCT CTG ATG AGA ACA GAC TGT CTA TAAAATCCCA CAGTCCTTGG 867 Ser Thr Ile Ser Leu Met Arg Thr Asp Cys Leu 275 280 GAAGTTGGGG ACCACATACA CTGTTGGGAT GTACATTGAT ACAACCTTTA TGATGGCAAT 927 TTGACAATAT TTATTAAAAT AAAAAATGGT TATTCCCTTC AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA 987 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> AAAAAAAAAA AA 999<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> SDAKIRHQAYSEVMMVGWSDSYTCEYPLNLRGTRLKDVHLHELSCNTALLIVTIVVIMLV LGLAVAFCCLHFD]<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> WYLRMLGQCTQTWHRVRKTTQEQLKRNVRFHAFISYSEHDSLWVKNELIPNLEKEDGSIL ICLYESYFDPGKS-<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> ENIVSFIEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQNEWCHYEFYFAHHNLFHENSDHIILILLEPIPFYCIP TRYHKLEALLEKKJ<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LEWPKDRRKCGLFWANLRAAVNVNVLATREMYELQTFTELNEESRGSTISLMRTDCL Further primate, e. g., human, DTLR8 (SEQ ID NO : 38 and 39): gaatcatcca cgcacctgca gctctgctga gagagtgcaa gccgtggggg ttttgagctc 60 atcttcatca ttcatatgag gaaataagtg gtaaaatcct tggaaataca atg aga 116 Met Arg ctc atc aga aac att tac ata ttt tgt agt att gtt atg aca gca gag 164 Leu Ile Arg Asn Ile Tyr Ile Phe Cys Ser Ile Val Met Thr Ala Glu -15-10-5 ggt gat gct cca gag ctg cca gaa gaa agg gaa ctg atg acc aac tgc 212 Gly Asp Ala Pro Glu Leu Pro Glu Glu Arg Glu Leu Met Thr Asn Cys -1 1 5 10 15 tcc aac atg tct cta aga aag gtt ccc gca gac ttg acc cca gcc aca 260 Ser Asn Met Ser Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Ala Asp Leu Thr Pro Ala Thr 20 25 30 acg aca ctg gat tta tcc tat aac ctc ctt ttt caa ctc cag agt tca 308 Thr Thr Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Leu Leu Phe Gln Leu Gln Ser Ser 35 40 45

gat ttt cat tct gtc tcc aaa ctg aga gtt ttg att cta tgc cat aac 356 Asp Phe His Ser Val Ser Lys Leu Arg Val Leu Ile Leu Cys His Asn 50 55 60 aga att caa cag ctg gat ctc aaa acc ttt gaa, ttc aac aag gag tta 404 Arg Ile Gln Gln Leu Asp Leu Lys Thr Phe Glu Phe Asn Lys Glu Leu 65 70. 75 aga tat tta gat ttg tct aat aac aga ctg aag agt gta act tgg tat 452 Arg Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser Asn Asn Arg Leu Lys Ser Val Thr Trp Tyr 80 85 90 95 tta ctg gca ggt ctc agg tat tta gat ctt tct ttt aat gac ttt gac 500 Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Arg Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Asp Phe Asp 100 105 110 acc atg cct atc tgt gag gaa gct ggc aac atg tca cac ctg gaa atc 548 Thr Met Pro Ile Cys Glu Glu Ala Gly Asn Met Ser His Leu Glu Ile 115 120 125 cta ggt ttg agt ggg gca aaa ata caa aaa tca gat ttc cag aaa att 596 Leu Gly Leu Ser Gly Ala Lys Ile Gln Lys Ser Asp Phe Gln Lys Ile 130 135 140 gct cat ctg cat cta aat act gtc ttc tta gga ttc aga act ctt cct 644 Ala His Leu His Leu Asn Thr Val Phe Leu Gly Phe Arg Thr Leu Pro 145 150 155 cat tat gaa gaa ggt agc ctg ccc atc tta aac aca aca aaa ctg cac 692 His Tyr Glu Glu Gly Ser Leu Pro Ile Leu Asn Thr Thr Lys Leu His 160 165 170 175 att gtt tta cca atg gac aca aat ttc tgg gtt ctt ttg cgt gat gga 740 Ile Val Leu Pro Met Asp Thr Asn Phe Trp Val Leu Leu Arg Asp Gly 180 185 190 atc aag act tca aaa ata tta gaa atg aca aat ata gat ggc aaa agc 788 Ile Lys Thr Ser Lys Ile Leu Glu Met Thr Asn Ile Asp Gly Lys Ser 195 200 205 caa ttt gta agt tat gaa atg caa cga aat ctt. agt tta gaa aat gct 836 Gln Phe Val Ser Tyr Glu Met Gln Arg Asn Leu Ser Leu Glu Asn Ala 210 215 220 aag aca tcg gtt cta ttg ctt aat aaa gtt gat tta ctc tgg gac gac 884 Lys Thr Ser Val Leu Leu Leu Asn Lys Val Asp Leu Leu Trp Asp Asp 225 230 235 ctt ttc ctt atc tta caa ttt gtt tgg cat aca tca gtg gaa cac ttt-932 Leu Phe Leu Ile Leu Gln Phe Val Trp His Thr Ser Val Glu His Phe 240 245 250 255 cag atc cga aat gtg act ttt ggt ggt aag gct tat ctt gac cac aat 980 G1n Ile Arg Asn Val Thr Phe Gly Gly Lys Ala Tyr Leu Asp His Asn 260 265 270

tca ttt gac tac tca aat act gta atg aga act ata aaa ttg gag cat 1028 Ser Phe Asp Tyr Ser Asn Thr Val Met Arg Thr Ile Lys Leu Glu His 275 280 285 gta cat ttc aga gtg ttt tac att caa cag gat,. aaa atc tat ttg ctt 1076 Val His Phe Arg Val Phe Tyr Ile Gln Gln Asp Lys Ile Tyr Leu Leu 290 295 300 ttg acc aaa atg gac ata gaa aac ctg aca ata tca aat gca caa atg 1124 Leu Thr Lys Met Asp Ile Glu Asn Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Ala Gln Met 305 310 315 cca cac atg ctt ttc ccg aat tat cct acg aaa ttc caa tat tta aat 1172 Pro His Met Leu Phe Pro Asn Tyr Pro Thr Lys Phe Gln Tyr Leu Asn 320 325 330 335 ttt gcc aat aat atc tta aca gac gag ttg ttt aaa aga act atc caa 1220 Phe Ala Asn Asn Ile Leu Thr Asp Glu Leu Phe Lys Arg Thr Ile Gln 340 345 350 ctg cct cac ttg aaa act ctc att ttg aat ggc aat aaa ctg gag aca 1268 Leu Pro His Leu Lys Thr Leu Ile Leu Asn Gly Asn Lys Leu Glu Thr 355 360 365 ctt tct tta gta agt tgc ttt gct aac aac aca ccc ttg gaa cac ttg 1316 Leu Ser Leu Val Ser Cys Phe Ala Asn Asn Thr Pro Leu Glu His Leu 370 375 380 gat ctg agt caa aat cta tta caa cat aaa aat gat gaa aat tgc tca 1364 Asp Leu Ser Gln Asn Leu Leu Gln His Lys Asn Asp Glu Asn Cys Ser 385 390 395 tgg cca gaa act gtg gtc aat atg aat ctg tca tac aat aaa ttg tct 1412 Trp Pro Glu Thr Val Val Asn Met Asn Leu Ser Tyr Asn Lys Leu Ser 400 405 410 415 gat tct gtc ttc agg tgc ttg ccc aaa agt att caa ata ctt gac cta 1460 Asp Ser Val Phe Arg Cys Leu Pro Lys Ser Ile Gln Ile Leu Asp Leu 420 425 430 aat aat aac caa atc caa act gta cct aaa gag act att cat ctg atg 1508 Asn Asn Asn Gln Ile Gln Thr Val Pro Lys Glu Thr Ile His Leu Met 435 440 445 gcc tta cga gaa cta aat att gca ttt aat ttt cta act gat ctc cct 1556 Ala Leu Arg Glu Leu Asn Ile Ala Phe Asn Phe Leu Thr Asp Leu Pro 450 455 460 gga tgc agt cat ttc agt aga ctt tca gtt ctg aac att gaa atg aac 1604 Gly Cys Ser His Phe Ser Arg Leu Ser Val Leu Asn Ile Glu Met Asn 465 470. 475 ttc att ctc agc cca tct ctg gat ttt gtt cag agc tgc cag gaa gtt 1652 Phe Ile Leu Ser Pro Ser Leu Asp Phe Val Gln Ser Cys Gln Glu Val 480 485 490 495

aaa act cta aat gcg gga aga aat cca ttc cgg tgt acc tgt gaa tta 1700 Lys Thr Leu Asn Ala Gly Arg Asn Pro Phe Arg Cys Thr Cys Glu Leu 500 505 510 aaa aat ttc att cag ctt gaa aca tat tca gag,. gtc atg atg gtt gga 1748 Lys Asn Phe Ile Gln Leu Glu Thr Tyr Ser Glu'Val Met Met Val Gly 515 520 525 tgg tca gat tca tac acc tgt gaa tac cct tta aac cta agg gga act 1796 Trp Ser Asp Ser Tyr Thr Cys Glu Tyr Pro Leu Asn Leu Arg Gly Thr 530 535 540 agg tta aaa gac gtt cat ctc cac gaa tta tct tgc aac aca gct ctg 1844 Arg Leu Lys Asp Val His Leu His Glu Leu Ser Cys Asn Thr Ala Leu 545 550 555 ttg att gtc acc att gtg gtt att atg cta gtt ctg ggg ttg gct gtg 1892 Leu Ile Val Thr Ile Val Val Ile Met Leu Val Leu Gly Leu Ala Val 560 565 570 575 gcc ttc tgc tgt ctc cac ttt gat ctg ccc tgg tat ctc agg atg cta 1940 Ala Phe Cys Cys Leu His Phe Asp Leu Pro Trp Tyr Leu Arg Met Leu 580 585 590 ggt caa tgc aca caa aca tgg cac agg gtt agg aaa aca acc caa gaa 1988 Gly Gln Cys Thr Gln Thr Trp His Arg Val Arg Lys Thr Thr Gln Glu 595 600 605 caa ctc aag aga aat gtc cga ttc cac gca ttt att tca tac agt gaa 2036 Gln Leu Lys Arg Asn Val Arg Phe His Ala Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Glu 610 615 620 cat gat tct ctg tgg gtg aag aat gaa ttg atc ccc aat cta gag aag 2084 His Asp Ser Leu Trp Val Lys Asn Glu Leu Ile Pro Asn Leu Glu Lys 625 630 635 gaa gat ggt tct atc ttg att tgc ctt tat gaa agc tac ttt gac cct 2132 Glu Asp Gly Ser Ile Leu Ile Cys Leu Tyr Glu Ser Tyr Phe Asp Pro 640 645 650 655 ggc aaa agc att agt gaa aat att gta agc ttc att gag aaa agc tat 2180 Gly Lys Ser Ile Ser Glu Asn Ile Val Ser Phe Ile Glu Lys Ser Tyr 660 665 670 aag tcc atc ttt gtt ttg tct ccc aac ttt gtc cag aat gag tgg tgc 2228 Lys Ser Ile Phe Val Leu Ser Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Asn Glu Trp Cys 675 680 685 cat tat gaa ttc tac ttt gcc cac cac aat ctc ttc cat gaa aat tct 2276 His Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Phe Ala His His Asn Leu Phe His Glu Asn Ser 690 695 700 gat cat ata att ctt atc tta ctg gaa ccc att cca ttc tat tgc att 2324 Asp His Ile Ile Leu Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Phe Tyr Cys Ile 705 710 715

ccc acc agg tat cat aaa ctg aaa gct ctc ctg gaa aaa aaa gca'tac 2372 Pro Thr Arg Tyr His Lys Leu Lys Ala Leu Leu Glu Lys Lys Ala Tyr 720 725 730 735 ttg gaa tgg ccc aag gat agg cgt aaa tgt ggg ctt ttc tgg gca aac 2420 Leu Glu Trp Pro Lys Asp Arg Arg Lys Cys Gly Leu Phe Trp Ala Asn 740 745. 750 ctt cga gct gct att-aat gtt aat gta tta gcc acc aga gaa atg tat 2468 Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Asn Val Asn Val Leu Ala Thr Arg Glu Met Tyr 755 760 765 gaa ctg cag aca ttc aca gag tta aat gaa gag tct cga ggt tct aca 2516 Glu Leu Gln Thr Phe Thr Glu Leu Asn Glu Glu Ser Arg Gly Ser Thr 770 775 780 atc tct ctg atg aga aca gat tgt cta taaaatccca cagtccttgg 2563 Ile Ser Leu Met Arg Thr Asp Cys Leu 785 790 gaagttgggg accacataca ctgttgggat gtacattgat acaaccttta tgatggcaat 2623 ttgacaatat ttattaaaat aaaaaatggt tattcccttc atatcagttt ctagaaggat 2683 ttctaagaat gtatcctata gaaacacctt cacaagttta taagggctta tggaaaaagg 2743 tgttcatccc aggattgttt ataatcatga aaaatgtggc caggtgcagt ggctcactct 2803 tgtaatccca gcactatggg aggccaaggt gggtgaccca cgaggtcaag agatggagac 2863 catcctggcc aacatggtga aaccctgtct ctactaaaaa tacaaaaatt agctgggcgt 2923 gatggtgcac gcctgtagtc ccagctactt gggaggctga ggcaggagaa tcgcttgaac 2983 ccgggaggtg gcagttgcag tgagctgaga tcgagccact gcactccagc ctggtgacag 3043 agc 3046 MRLIRNIYIFCSIVMTAEGDAPELPEERELMTNCSNMSLRKVPADLTPATTTLDLSYNLL FQLQSSDFH <BR> <BR> SVSKLRVLILCHNRIQQLDLKTFEFNKELRYLDLSNNRLKSVTWYLLAGLRYLDLSFNDF DTMPICEEA GNMSHLEILGLSGAKIQKSDFQKIAHLHLNTVFLGFRTLPHYEEGSLPILNTTKLHIVLP MDTNFWVLL <BR> <BR> RDGIKTSKILEMTNIDGKSQFVSYEMQRNLSLENAKTSVLLLNKVDLLWDDLFLILQFVW HTSVEHFQI<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> RNVTFGGKAYLDHNSFDYSNTVMRTIKLEHVHFRVFYIQQDKIYLLLTKMDIENLTISNA QMPHMLFPN<BR> <BR> <BR> YPTKFQYLNFANNILTDELFKRTIQLPHLKTLILNGNKLETLSLVSCFANNTPLEHLDLS QNLLQHKND<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> ENCSWPETVVNMNLSYNKLSDSVFRCLPKSIQILDLNNNQIQTVPKETIHLMALRELNIA FNFLTDLPG<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> CSHFSRLSVLNIEMNFILSPSLDFVQSCQEVKTLNAGRNPFRCTCELKNFIQLETYSEVM MVGWSDSYT<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> CEYPLNLRGTRLKDVHLHELSCNTALLIVTIWIMLVLGLAVAFCCLHFDLPWYLRMLGQC TQTWHRVR<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> KTTQEQLKRNVRFHAFISYSEHDSLWVKNELIPNLEKEDGSILICLYESYFDPGKSISEN IVSFIEKSY<BR> <BR> <BR> KSIFVLSPNFVQNEWCHYEFYFAHHNLFHENSDHIILILLEPIPFYCIPTRYHKLKALLE KKAYLEWPK<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> DRRKCGLFWANLRAAINVNVLATREMYELQTFTELNEESRGSTISLMRTDCL

Table 9: Partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO : 21 and 22) of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 9 (DTLR9).

AAG AAC TCC AAA GAA AAC CTC CAG TTT CAT GCT ; TTT ATT TCA TAT AGT 48 Lys Asn Ser Lys Glu Asn Leu Gin The His Ala Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 GAA CAT GAT TCT GCC TGG GTG AAA AGT GAA TTG GTA CCT TAC CTA GAA 96 Glu His Asp Ser Ala Trp Val Lys Ser Glu Leu Val Pro Tyr Leu Glu 20 25 30 AAA GAA GAT ATA CAG ATT TGT CTT CAT GAG AGA AAC TTT GTC CCT GGC 144 Lys Glu Asp Ile Gin Ile Cys Leu His Glu Arg Asn Phe Val Pro Gly 35 40 45 AAG AGC ATT GTG GAA AAT ATC ATC AAC TGC ATT GAG AAG AGT TAC AAG 192 Lys Ser Ile Val Glu Asn Ile Ile Asn Cys Ile Glu Lys Ser Tyr Lys 50 55 60 TCC ATC TTT GTT TTG TCT CCC AAC TTT GTC CAG AGT GAG TGG TGC CAT 240 Ser Ile Phe Val Leu Ser Pro Asn Phe Val Gin Ser Glu Trp Cys His 65 70 75 80 TAC GAA CTC TAT TTT GCC CAT CAC AAT CTC TTT CAT GAA GGA TCT AAT 288 Tyr Glu Leu Tyr Phe Ala His His Asn Leu Phe His Glu Gly Ser Asn 85 90 95 AAC TTA ATC CTC ATC TTA CTG GAA CCC ATT CCA CAG AAC AGC ATT CCC 336 Asn Leu Ile Leu Ile Leu Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Gin Asn Ser Ile Pro 100 105 110 AAC AAG TAC CAC AAG CTG AAG GCT CTC ATG ACG CAG CGG ACT TAT TTG 384 Asn Lys Tyr His Lys Leu Lys Ala Leu Met Thr Gin Arg Thr Tyr Leu 115 120 125 CAG TGG CCC AAG GAG AAA AGC AAA CGT GGG CTC TTT TGG GCT 426 Gin Trp Pro Lys Glu Lys Ser Lys Arg Gly Leu Phe Trp Ala 130 135 140 A 427 <BR> <BR> KNSKENLQFHAFISYSEHDSAWVKSELVPYLEKEDIQICLHERNFVPGKSIVENIINCIE KSYKSIFVLSPNE<BR> SEWCHYELYFAHHNLFHEGSNNLILILLEPIPQNSIPNKYHKLKALMTQRTYLQWPKEKS KRGLFWA

Further primate, e. g., human DTLR9 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 41): aagaatttgg actcatatca agatgctctg aagaagaaca accctttagg atagccactg 60 caacatc atg acc aaa gac aaa gaa cct att gtt, aaa agc ttc cat ttt 109 Met Thr Lys Asp Lys Glu Pro Ile Val''Lys Ser Phe His Phe -30-25.-20 gtt tgc ctt atg atc-ata ata gtt gga acc aga atc cag ttc tcc gac 157 Val Cys Leu Met Ile Ile Ile Val Gly Thr Arg Ile Gln Phe Ser Asp -15-10-5 gga aat gaa ttt gca gta gac aag tca aaa aga ggt ctt att cat gtt 205 Gly Asn Glu Phe Ala Val Asp Lys Ser Lys Arg Gly Leu Ile His Val -1 1 5 10 15 cca aaa gac cta ccg ctg aaa acc aaa gtc tta gat atg tct cag aac 253 Pro Lys Asp Leu Pro Leu Lys Thr Lys Val Leu Asp Met Ser Gln Asn 20 25 30 tac atc gct gag ctt cag gtc tct gac atg agc ttt cta tca gag ttg 301 Tyr Ile Ala Glu Leu Gln Val Ser Asp Met Ser Phe Leu Ser Glu Leu 35 40 45 aca gtt ttg aga ctt tcc cat aac aga atc cag cta ctt gat tta agt 349 Thr Val Leu Arg Leu Ser His Asn Arg Ile Gln Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser 50 55 60 gtt ttc aag ttc aac cag gat tta gaa tat ttg gat tta tct cat aat 397 Val Phe Lys Phe Asn Gln Asp Leu Glu Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ser His Asn 65 70 75 cag ttg caa aag ata tcc tgc cat cct att gtg agt ttc agg cat tta 445 Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Ser Cys His Pro Ile Val Ser Phe Arg His Leu 80 85 90 95- gat ctc tca ttc aat gat ttc aag gcc ctg ccc atc tgt aag gaa ttt 493 Asp Leu Ser Phe Asn Asp Phe Lys Ala Leu Pro Ile Cys Lys Glu Phe 100 105 110 ggc aac tta tca caa ctg aat ttc ttg gga ttg agt gct atg aag ctg 541 Gly Asn Leu Ser Gln Leu Asn Phe Leu Gly Leu Ser Ala Met Lys Leu 115 120 125 caa aaa tta gat ttg ctg cca att gct cac ttg cat cta agt tat atc 589 Gln Lys Leu Asp Leu Leu Pro Ile Ala His Leu His Leu Ser Tyr Ile 130 135 140 ctt ctg gat tta aga aat tat tat ata aaa gaa aat gag aca gaa agt. 637 Leu Leu Asp Leu Arg Asn Tyr Tyr Ile Lys Glu Asn Glu Thr Glu Ser 145 150 155 cta caa att ctg aat gca aaa acc ctt cac ctt gtt ttt cac cca act 685 Leu Gln Ile Leu Asn Ala Lys Thr Leu His Leu Val Phe His Pro Thr 160 165 170 175

agt tta ttc gct atc caa gtg aac ata tca gtt aat act tta ggg tgc 733 Ser Leu Phe Ala Ile Gln Val Asn Ile Ser Val Asn Thr Leu Gly Cys 180 185 190 tta caa ctg act aat att aaa ttg aat gat gac aac tgt caa gtt ttc 781 Leu Gln Leu Thr Asn Ile Lys Leu Asn Asp Asp Asn Cys Gln Val Phe 195 200 205 att aaa ttt tta tca. gaa ctc acc aga ggt cca acc tta ctg aat ttt 829 Ile Lys Phe Leu Ser Glu Leu Thr Arg Gly Pro Thr Leu Leu Asn Phe 210 215 220 acc ctc aac cac ata gaa acg act tgg aaa tgc ctg gtc aga gtc ttt 877 Thr Leu Asn His Ile Glu Thr Thr Trp Lys Cys Leu Val Arg Val Phe 225 230 235 caa ttt ctt tgg ccc aaa cct gtg gaa tat ctc aat att tac aat tta 925 Gin Phe Leu Trp Pro Lys Pro Val Glu Tyr Leu Asn Ile Tyr Asn Leu 240 245 250 255 aca ata att gaa agc att cgt gaa gaa gat ttt act tat tct aaa acg 973 Thr Ile Ile Glu Ser Ile Arg Glu Glu Asp Phe Thr Tyr Ser Lys Thr 260 265 270 aca ttg aaa gca ttg aca ata gaa cat atc acg aac caa gtt ttt ctg 1021 Thr Leu Lys Ala Leu Thr Ile Glu His Ile Thr Asn Gln Val Phe Leu 275 280 285 ttt tca cag aca gct ttg tac acc gtg ttt tct gag atg aac att atg 1069 Phe Ser Gln Thr Ala Leu Tyr Thr Val Phe Ser Glu Met Asn Ile Met 290 295 300 atg tta acc att tca gat aca cct ttt ata cac atg ctg tgt cct cat 1117 Met Leu Thr Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Phe Ile His Met Leu Cys Pro His 305 310 315 gca cca agc aca ttc aag ttt ttg aac ttt acc cag aac gtt ttc aca 1165 Ala Pro Ser Thr Phe Lys Phe Leu Asn Phe Thr Gln Asn Val Phe Thr 320 325 330 335 gat agt att ttt gaa aaa tgt tcc acg tta gtt aaa ttg gag aca ctt 1213 Asp Ser Ile Phe Glu Lys Cys Ser Thr Leu Val Lys Leu Glu Thr Leu 340 345 350 atc tta caa aag aat gga tta aaa gac ctt ttc aaa gta ggt ctc atg 1261 Ile Leu Gln Lys Asn Gly Leu Lys Asp Leu Phe Lys Val Gly Leu Met 355 360 365 acg aag gat atg cct tct ttg gaa ata ctg gat gtt agc tgg aat tct 1309 Thr Lys Asp Met Pro Ser Leu Glu Ile Leu Asp Val Ser Trp Asn Ser 370.375 380 ttg gaa tct ggt aga cat aaa gaa aac tgc act tgg gtt gag agt ata 1357 Leu Glu Ser Gly Arg His Lys Glu Asn Cys Thr Trp Val Glu Ser Ile 385 390 395

gtg gtg tta aat ttg tct tca aat atg ctt act gac tct gtt ttc aga 1405 Val Val Leu Asn Leu Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Thr Asp Ser Val Phe Arg 400 405 410 415 tgt tta cct ccc agg atc aag gta ctt gat ctt cac agc aat aaa ata 1453 Cys Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Lys Val Leu Asp Leu'His Ser Asn Lys lie 420 425 430 aag agc gtt cct aaa'caa gtc gta aaa ctg gaa gct ttg caa gaa ctc 1501 Lys Ser Val Pro Lys Gln Val Val Lys Leu Glu Ala Leu Gln Glu Leu 435 440 445 aat gtt gct ttc aat tct tta act gac ctt cct gga tgt ggc agc ttt 1549 Asn Val Ala Phe Asn Ser Leu Thr Asp Leu Pro Gly Cys Gly Ser Phe 450 455 460 agc agc ctt tct gta ttg atc att gat cac aat tca gtt tcc cac cca 1597 Ser Ser Leu Ser Val Leu Ile Ile Asp His Asn Ser Val Ser His Pro 465 470 475 tcg gct gat ttc ttc cag agc tgc cag aag atg agg tca ata aaa gca 1645 Ser Ala Asp Phe Phe Gln Ser Cys Gln Lys Met Arg Ser Ile Lys Ala 480 485 490 495 ggg gac aat cca ttc caa tgt acc tgt gag cta aga gaa ttt gtc aaa 1693 Gly Asp Asn Pro Phe Gln Cys Thr Cys Glu Leu Arg Glu Phe Val Lys 500 505 510 aat ata gac caa gta tca agt gaa gtg tta gag ggc tgg cct gat tct 1741 Asn Ile Asp Gln Val Ser Ser Glu Val Leu Glu Gly Trp Pro Asp Ser 515 520 525 tat aag tgt gac tac cca gaa agt tat aga gga agc cca cta aag gac 1789 Tyr Lys Cys Asp Tyr Pro Glu Ser Tyr Arg Gly Ser Pro Leu Lys Asp 530 535 540 ttt cac atg tct gaa tta tcc tgc aac ata act ctg ctg atc gtc acc 1837 Phe His Met Ser Glu Leu Ser Cys Asn Ile Thr Leu Leu Ile Val Thr 545 550 555 atc ggt gcc acc atg ctg gtg ttg gct gtg act gtg acc tcc ctc tgc 1885 Ile Gly Ala Thr Met Leu Val Leu Ala Val Thr Val Thr Ser Leu Cys 560 565 570 575 atc tac ttg gat ctg ccc tgg tat ctc agg atg gtg tgc cag tgg acc 1933 Ile Tyr Leu Asp Leu Pro Trp Tyr Leu Arg Met Val Cys Gln Trp Thr 580 585 590 cag act cgg cgc agg gcc agg aac ata ccc tta gaa gaa ctc caa aga 1981 Gln Thr Arg Arg Arg Ala Arg Asn Ile Pro Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln Arg 595 600 605 aac ctc cag ttt cat gct ttt att tca tat agt gaa cat gat tct gcc 2029 Asn Leu Gln Phe His Ala Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Glu His Asp Ser Ala 610 615 620

tgg gtg aaa agt gaa ttg gta cct tac cta gaa aaa gaa gat ata cag 2077 Trp Val Lys Ser Glu Leu Val Pro Tyr Leu Glu Lys Glu Asp Ile Gln 625 630 635 att tgt ctt cat gag agg aac ttt gtc cct ggc aag agc att gtg gaa 2125 Ile Cys Leu His Glu Arg Asn Phe Val Pro Gly'Lys Ser Ile Val Glu 640 645 650 655 aat atc atc aac tgc'att gag aag agt tac aag tcc atc ttt gtt ttg 2173 Asn Ile Ile Asn Cys Ile Glu Lys Ser Tyr Lys Ser Ile Phe Val Leu 660 665 670 tct ccc aac ttt gtc cag agt gag tgg tgc cat tac gaa ctc tat ttt 2221 Ser Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Ser Glu Trp Cys His Tyr Glu Leu Tyr Phe 675 680 685 gcc cat cac aat ctc ttt cat gaa gga tct aat aac tta atc ctc atc 2269 Ala His His Asn Leu Phe His Glu Gly Ser Asn Asn Leu Ile Leu Ile 690 695 700 tta ctg gaa ccc att cca cag aac agc att ccc aac aag tac cac aag 2317 Leu Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Gln Asn Ser Ile Pro Asn Lys Tyr His Lys 705 710 715 ctg aag gct ctc atg acg cag cgg act tat ttg cag tgg ccc aag gag 2365 Leu Lys Ala Leu Met Thr Gln Arg Thr Tyr Leu Gln Trp Pro Lys Glu 720 725 730 735 aaa agc aaa cgt ggg ctc ttt tgg gct aac att aga gcc gct ttt aat 2413 Lys Ser Lys Arg Gly Leu Phe Trp Ala Asn Ile Arg Ala Ala Phe Asn 740 745 750 atg aaa tta aca cta gtc act gaa aac aat gat gtg aaa tct 2455 Met Lys Leu Thr Leu Val Thr Glu Asn Asn Asp Val Lys Ser 755 760 765 taaaaaaatt taggaaattc aacttaagaa accattattt acttggatga tggtgaatag 2515 tacagtcgta agtnactgtc tggaggtgcc tccattatcc tcatgccttc aggaaagact 2575 taacaaaaac aatgtttcat ctggggaact gagctaggcg gtgaggttag cctgccagtt 2635 agagacagcc cagtctcttc tggtttaatc attatgtttc aaattgaaac agtctctttt 2695 gagtaaatgc tcagtttttc agctcctctc cactctgctt tcccaaatgg attctgttgg 2755 tgaag 2760

MTKDKEPIVKSFHFVCLMIIIVGTRIQFSDGNEFAVDKSKRGLIHVPKDLPLKTKVLDMS QNYIAELQV SDMSFLSELTVLRLSHNRIQLLDLSVFKFNQDLEYLDLSHNQLQKISCHPIVSFRHLDLS FNDFKALPI CKEFGNLSQLNFLGLSAMKLQKLDLLPIAHLHLSYILLDLRNYYIKENETESLQILNAKT LHLVFHPTS <BR> <BR> LFAIQVNISVNTLGCLQLTNIKLNDDNCQVFIKFLSELTRGPTLLNFTLNHIETTWKCLV RVFQFLWPK<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> PVEYLNIYNLTIIESIREEDFTYSKTTLKALT. IEHITNQVFLFSQTALYTVFSEMNIMMLTISDTPFIH<BR> <BR> <BR> MLCPHAPSTFKFLNFTQNVFTDSIFEKCSTLVKLETLILQKNGLKDLFKVGLMTKDMPSL EILDVSWNS<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LESGRHKENCTWVESIVVLNLSSNMLTDSVFRCLPPRIKVLDLHSNKIKSVPKQVVKLEA LQELNVAFN SLTDLPGCGSFSSLSVLIIDHNSVSHPSADFFQSCQKMRSIKAGDNPFQCTCELREFVKN IDQVSSEVL EGWPDSYKCDYPESYRGSPLKDFHMSELSCNITLLIVTIGATMLVLAVTVTSLCIYLDLP WYLRMVCQW <BR> <BR> TQTRRRARNIPLEELQRNLQFHAFISYSEHDSAWVKSELVPYLEKEDIQICLHERNFVPG KSIVENIIN<BR> <BR> <BR> CIEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQSEWCHYELYFAHHNLFHEGSNNLILILLEPIPQNSIPNKYHK LKALMTQRT<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> YLQWPKEKSKRGLFWANIRAAFNMKLTLVTENNDVKS

Table 10: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences (see SEQ ID NO: 23 and 24) of a mammalian, e. g., primate, human, DNAX Toll like Receptor 10 (DTLR10).

Nucleotides 54, 103, and 345 are designated A; each may be A or G; nucleotide 313 designated G, may be G or T ; and nucleotides 316,380,407, and 408 designated C ;-each may be A, C, G, or T.

GCT TCC ACC TGT GCC TGG CCT GGC TTC CCT GGC GGG GGC GGC AAA GTG 48 Ala Ser Thr Cys Ala Trp Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gly Lys Val 1 5 10 15 GGC GAA ATG AGG ATG CCC TGC CCT ACG ATG CCT TCG TGG TCT TCG ACA 96 Gly Glu Met Arg Met Pro Cys Pro Thr Met Pro Ser Trp Ser Ser Thr 20 25 30 AAA CGC AGA GCG CAG TGG CAG ACT GGG TGT ACA ACG AGC TTC GGG GGC 144 Lys Arg Arg Ala Gln Trp Gln Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Ser Phe Gly Gly 35 40 45 AGC TGG AGG AGT GCC GTG GGC GCT GGG CAC TCC GCC TGT GCC TGG AGG 192 Ser Trp Arg Ser Ala Val Gly Ala Gly His Ser Ala Cys Ala Trp Arg 50 55 60 AAC GCG ACT GGC TGC CTG GCA AAA CCC TCT TTG AGA ACC TGT GGG CCT 240 Asn Ala Thr Gly Cys Leu Ala Lys Pro Ser Leu Arg Thr Cys Gly Pro 65 70 75 80 CGG TCT ATG GCA GCC GCA AGA CGC TGT TTG TGC TGG CCC ACA CGG ACC 288 Arg Ser Met Ala Ala Ala Arg Arg Cys Leu Cys Trp Pro Thr Arg Thr 85 90 95 GGG TCA GTG GTC TCT TGC GCG CCA GTT CTC CTG CTG GCC CAG CAG CGC 336 Gly Ser Val Val Ser Cys Ala Pro Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Gin Gln Arg 100 105 110 CTG CTG GAA GAC CGC AAG GAC GTC GTG GTG CTG GTG ATC CTA ACG CCT 384 Leu Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Asp Val Val Val Leu Val Ile Leu Thr Pro 115 120 S25 GAC GGC CAA GCC TCC CGA CTA'CCC GAT GCG CTG. ACC AGC GCC TCT GCC 432 Asp Gly Gln Ala Ser Arg Leu Pro Asp Ala Leu Thr Ser Ala Ser Ala 130 135 140 GCC AGA GTG TCC TCC TCT GGC CCC ACC AGC CCA GTG GTC GCG CAG CTT 480 Ala Arg Val Ser Ser Ser Gly Pro Thr Ser Pro Val Val Ala Gln Leu 145 150 155 160 CTG AGG CCA GCA TGC ATG GCC CTG ACC AGG GAC AAC CAC CAC TTC TAT 528 Leu Arg Pro Ala Cys Met Ala Leu Thr Arg Asp Asn His His Phe Tyr 165 170 175 AAC CGG AAC TTC TGC CAG GGA ACC CAC GGC CGA ATA GCC GTG AGC CGG 576 Asn Arg Asn Phe Cys Gin Gly Thr His Gly Arg Ile Ala Val Ser Arg 180 185 190

AAT CCT GCA CGG TGC CAC CTC CAC ACA CAC CTA ACA TAT GCC TGC CTG 624 Asn Pro Ala Arg Cys His Leu His Thr His Leu Thr Tyr Ala Cys Leu 195 200 205 ATC TGACCAACAC ATGCTCGCCA CCCTCACCAC ACACC 662 Ile <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> ASTCAWPGFPGGGGKVGEMRMPCPTMPSWSSTKRRAQWQTGCTTSFGGSWRSAVGAGHSA CAWRNATGCLAKPSL<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> RTCGPRSMAAARRCLCWPTRTGSWSCAPVLLLAQQRLLEDRKDWVLVILTPDGQASRLPD ALTSASAARVSSS<BR> <BR> <BR> GPTSPWAQLLRPACMALTRDNHHFYNRNFCQGTHGRIAVSRNPARCHLHTHLTYACLI additional primate, e. g., human DTLR10 sequence (SEQ ID NO : 33 and 34); nucleotide 854 designated A, may be A or T; and nucleotides 1171 and 1172 designated C, each may be A, C, G, or T: CTG CCT GCT GGC ACC CGG CTC CGG AGG CTG GAT GTC AGC TGC AAC AGC 48 Leu Pro Ala Gly Thr Arg Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Val Ser Cys Asn Ser 15 10 15 ATC AGC TTC GTG GCC CCC GGC TTC TTT TCC AAG GCC AAG GAG CTG CGA 96 Ile Ser Phe Val Ala Pro Gly Phe Phe Ser Lys Ala Lys Glu Leu Arg 20 25 30 GAG CTC AAC CTT AGC GCC AAC GCC CTC AAG ACA GTG GAC CAC TCC TGG 144 Glu Leu Asn Leu Ser Ala Asn Ala Leu Lys Thr Val Asp His Ser Trp 35 40 45 TTT GGG CCC CTG GCG AGT GCC CTG CAA ATA CTA GAT GTA AGC GCC AAC 192 Phe Gly Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Leu Gln Ile Leu Asp Val Ser Ala Asn 50 55 60 CCT CTG CAC TGC GCC TGT GGG GCG GCC TTT ATG GAC TTC CTG CTG GAG 240 Pro Leu His Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Phe Met Asp Phe Leu Leu Glu 65 70 75 80 GTG CAG GCT GCC GTG CCC GGT CTG CCC AGC CGG GTG AAG TGT GGC AGT 288 Val Gln Ala Ala Val Pro Gly Leu Pro Ser Arg Val Lys Cys Gly Ser 85 90 95 CCG GGC CAG CTC CAG GGC CTC AGC ATC TTT GCA CAG GAC CTG CGC CTC 336 Pro Gly Gln Leu Gln Gly Leu Ser Ile Phe Ala Gln Asp Leu Arg Leu 100 105 110 TGC CTG GAT GAG GCC CTC TCC TGG GAC TGT TTC GCC CTC TCG CTG CTG 384 Cys Leu Asp Glu Ala Leu Ser Trp Asp Cys Phe Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu 115 120 125 GCT GTG GCT CTG GGC CTG GGT GTG CCC ATG CTG CAT CAC CTC TGT GGC 432 Ala Val Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Val Pro Met Leu His His Leu Cys Gly 130 135 140 TGG GAC CTC TGG TAC TGC TTC CAC CTG TGC CTG GCC TGG CTT CCC TGG 480 Trp Asp Leu Trp Tyr Cys Phe His Leu Cys Leu Ala Trp Leu Pro Trp 145 150 155 160

CGG GGG CGG CAA AGT GGG CGA GAT GAG GAT GCC CTG CCC TAC GAT GCC 528 Arg Gly Arg Gln Ser Gly Arg Asp Glu Asp Ala Leu Pro Tyr Asp Ala 165 170 175 TTC GTG GTC TTC GAC AAA ACG CAG AGC GCA GTG GCA GAC TGG GTG TAC 576 Phe Val Val Phe Asp Lys Thr Gln Ser Ala Val Ala Asp Trp Val Tyr 180 185 190 AAC GAG CTT CGG GGG CAG CTG GAG GAG TGC CGT GGG CGC TGG GCA CTC 624 Asn Glu Leu Arg Gly G1n Leu Glu Glu Cys Arg Gly Arg Trp Ala Leu 195 200 205 CGC CTG TGC CTG GAG GAA CGC GAC TGG CTG CCT GGC AAA ACC CTC TTT 672 Arg Leu Cys Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp Trp Leu Pro Gly Lys Thr Leu Phe 210 215 220 GAG AAC CTG TGG GCC TCG GTC TAT GGC AGC CGC AAG ACG CTG TTT GTG 720 Glu Asn Leu Trp Ala Ser Val Tyr Gly Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Phe Val 225 230 235 240 CTG GCC CAC ACG GAC CGG GTC AGT GGT CTC TTG CGC GCC AGC TTC CTG 768 Leu Ala His Thr Asp Arg Val Ser Gly Leu Leu Arg Ala Ser Phe Leu 245 250 255 CTG GCC CAG CAG CGC CTG CTG GAG GAC CGC AAG GAC GTC GTG GTG CTG 816 Leu Ala Gln Gln Arg Leu Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Asp Val Val Val Leu 260 265 270 GTG ATC CTG AGC CCT GAC GGC CGC CGC TCC CGC TAC GAG CGG CTG CGC 864 Val Ile Leu Ser Pro Asp Gly Arg Arg Ser Arg Tyr Glu Arg Leu Arg 275 280 285 CAG CGC CTC TGC CGC CAG AGT GTC CTC CTC TGG CCC CAC CAG CCC AGT 912 Gln Arg Leu Cys Arg G1n Ser Val Leu Leu Trp Pro His Gln Pro Ser 290 295 300 GGT CAG CGC AGC TTC TGG GCC CAG CTG GGC ATG GCC CTG ACC AGG GAC 960 Gly Gln Arg Ser Phe Trp Ala Gln Leu Gly Met Ala Leu Thr Arg Asp 305 310 315 320 AAC CAC CAC TTC TAT AAC CGG AAC TTC TGC CAG GGA CCC ACG GCC GAA 1008 Asn His His Phe Tyr Asn Arg Asn Phe Cys Gln Gly Pro Thr Ala Glu 325 330 335 TAGCCGTGAG CCGGAATCCT GCACGGTGCC ACCTCCACAC TCACCTCACC TCTGCCTGCC 1068 TGGTCTGACC CTCCCCTGCT CGCCTCCCTC ACCCCACACC TGACACAGAG CAGGCACTCA 1128 ATAAATGCTA CCGAAGGCTA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AACCA 1173

LPAGTRLRRLDVSCNSISFVAPGFFSKAKELRELNLSANALKTVDHSWFGPLASALQILD VSANPLHCACGAAFM<BR> <BR> <BR> DFLLEVQAAVPGLPSRVKCGSPGQLQGLSIFAQDLRLCLDEALSWDCFALSLLAVALGLG VPMLHHLCGWDLWYC<BR> <BR> <BR> FHLCLAWLPWRGRQSGRDEDALPYDAFWFDKTQSAVADWVYNELRGQLEECRGRWALRLC LEERDWLPGKTLFE NLWASVYGSRKTLFVLAHTDRVSGLLRASFLLAQQRLLEDRKDVVVLVILSPDGRRSRY. RLRQRLCRQSVLLWP HQPSGQRSFWAQLGMALTRDNHHFYNRNFCQGPTAE Further primate, e. g., human, DTLR10 (SEQ ID NO : 42 and 43): atg ccc atg aag tgg agt ggg tgg agg tgg agc tgg ggg ccg gcc act 48 Met Pro Met Lys Trp Ser Gly Trp Arg Trp Ser Trp Gly Pro Ala Thr -45-40-35 cac aca gcc ctc cca ccc cca cag ggt ttc tgc cgc agc gcc ctg cac 96 His Thr Ala Leu Pro Pro Pro Gln Gly Phe Cys Arg Ser Ala Leu His -30-25-20 ccg ctg tct ctc ctg gtg cag gcc atc atg ctg gcc atg acc ctg gcc 144 Pro Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Gln Ala Ile Met Leu Ala Met Thr Leu Ala -15-10-5-1 ctg ggt acc ttg cct gcc ttc cta ccc tgt gag ctc cag ccc cac ggc 192 Leu Gly Thr Leu Pro Ala Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Leu Gln Pro His Gly 1 5 10 15 ctg gtg aac tgc aac tgg ctg ttc ctg aag tct gtg ccc cac ttc tcc 240 Leu Val Asn Cys Asn Trp Leu Phe Leu Lys Ser Val Pro His Phe Ser 20 25 30 atg gca gca ccc cgt ggc aat gtc acc agc ctt tcc ttg tcc tcc aac 288 Met Ala Ala Pro Arg Gly Asn Val Thr Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn 35 40 45 cgc atc cac cac ctc cat gat tct gac ttt gcc cac ctg ccc agc ctg 336 Arg Ile His His Leu His Asp Ser Asp Phe Ala His Leu Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 cgg cat ctc aac ctc aag tgg aac tgc ccg ccg gtt ggc ctc agc ccc 384 Arg His Leu Asn Leu Lys Trp Asn Cys Pro Pro Val Gly Leu Ser Pro 65 70 75 80 atg cac ttc ccc tgc cac atg acc atc gag ccc agc acc ttc ttg gct 432 Met His Phe Pro Cys His Met Thr Ile Glu Pro Ser Thr Phe Leu Ala 85 90 95 gtg ccc acc ctg gaa gag cta aac ctg agc tac aac aac atc atg act 480 Val Pro Thr Leu Glu Glu Leu Asn Leu Ser Tyr Asn Asn Ile Met Thr 100 105 110 gtg cct gcg ctg ccc aaa tcc ctc ata tcc ctg tcc ctc agc cat acc 528 Val Pro Ala Leu Pro Lys Ser Leu Ile Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser. His Thr 115 120 125 aac atc ctg atg cta gac tct gcc agc ctc gcc ggc ctg cat gcc ctg 576 Asn Ile Leu Met Leu Asp Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Gly Leu His Ala Leu 130 135 140

cgc ttc cta ttc atg gac ggc aac tgt tat tac aag aac ccc tgc agg 624 Arg Phe Leu Phe Met Asp Gly Asn Cya Tyr Tyr Lys Asn Pro Cys Arg 145 150 155 160 cag gca ctg gag gtg gcc ccg ggt gcc ctc ctt ggc ctg ggc aac ctc 672 Gln Ala Leu Glu Val Ala Pro Gly Ala Leu Leu-Gly Leu Gly Asn Leu 165 170 175 acc cac ctg tca ctc aag tac aac aac ctc act gtg gtg ccc cgc aac 720 Thr His Leu Ser Leu'Lys Tyr Asn Asn Leu Thr Val Val Pro Arg Asn 180 185 190 ctg cct tcc agc ctg gag tat ctg ctg ttg tcc tac aac cgc atc gtc 768 Leu Pro Ser Ser Leu Glu Tyr Leu Leu Leu Ser Tyr Asn Arg Ile Val 195 200 205 aaa ctg gcg cct gag gac ctg gcc aat ctg acc gcc ctg cgt gtg ctc 816 Lys Leu Ala Pro Glu Asp Leu Ala Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Arg Val Leu 210 215 220 gat gtg ggc gga aat tgc cgc cgc tgc gac cac gct ccc aac ccc tgc 864 Asp Val Gly Gly Asn Cys Arg Arg Cys Asp His Ala Pro Asn Pro Cys 225 230 235 240 atg gag tgc cct cgt cac ttc ccc cag cta cat ccc gat acc ttc agc 912 Met Glu Cys Pro Arg His Phe Pro Gln Leu His Pro Asp Thr Phe Ser 245 250 255 cac ctg agc cgt ctt gaa ggc ctg gtg ttg aag gac agt tct ctc tcc 960 His Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Gly Leu Val Leu Lys Asp Ser Ser Leu Ser 260 265 270 tgg ctg aat gcc agt tgg ttc cgt ggg ctg gga aac ctc cga gtg ctg 1008 Trp Leu Asn Ala Ser Trp Phe Arg Gly Leu Gly Asn Leu Arg Val Leu 275 280 285 gac ctg agt gag aac ttc ctc tac aaa tgc atc act aaa acc aag gcc 1056 Asp Leu Ser Glu Asn Phe Leu Tyr Lys Cys Ile Thr Lys Thr Lys Ala 290 295 300 ttc cag ggc cta aca cag ctg cgc aag ctt aac ctg tcc ttc aat tac 1104 Phe Gln Gly Leu Thr Gln Leu Arg Lys Leu Asn Leu Ser Phe Asn Tyr 305 310 315 320 caa aag agg gtg tcc ttt gcc cac ctg tct ctg gcc cct tcc ttc ggg 1152 Gln Lys Arg Val Ser Phe Ala His Leu Ser Leu Ala Pro Ser Phe Gly 325 330 335 agc ctg gtc gcc ctg aag gag ctg gac atg cac ggc atc ttc ttc cgc 1200 Ser Leu Val Ala Leu Lys Glu Leu Asp Met His Gly Ile Phe Phe Arg 340 345 350 tca ctc gat gag acc acg ctc cgg cca ctg gcc cgc ctg ccc atg ctc 1248 Ser Leu Asp Glu Thr Thr Leu Arg Pro Leu Ala Arg Leu Pro Met Leu 355 360 365

cag act ctg cgt ctg cag atg aac ttc atc aac cag gcc cag ctc ggc 1296 Gln Thr Leu Arg Leu Gln Met Asn Phe Ile Asn Gln Ala Gln Leu Gly 370 375 380 atc ttc agg gcc ttc cct ggc ctg cgc tac gtg gac ctg tcg gac aac 1344 Ile Phe Arg Ala Phe Pro Gly Leu Arg Tyr Val Asp Leu Ser Asp Asn 385 390 395 400 cgc atc agc gga gct tcg gag ctg aca gcc acc atg ggg gag gca gat 1392 Arg Ile Ser Gly Ala Ser Glu Leu Thr Ala Thr Met Gly Glu Ala Asp 405 410 415 gga ggg gag aag gtc tgg ctg cag cct ggg gac ctt gct ccg gcc cca 1440 Gly Gly Glu Lys Val Trp Leu Gln Pro Gly Asp Leu Ala Pro Ala Pro 420 425 430 gtg gac act ccc agc tct gaa gac ttc agg ccc aac tgc agc acc ctc 1488 Val Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Glu Asp Phe Arg Pro Asn Cys Ser Thr Leu 435 440 445 aac ttc acc ttg gat ctg tca cgg aac aac ctg gtg acc gtg cag ccg 1536 Asn Phe Thr Leu Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn Asn Leu Val Thr Val Gln Pro 450 455 460 gag atg ttt gcc cag ctc tcg cac ctg cag tgc ctg cgc ctg agc cac 1584 Glu Met Phe Ala Gln Leu Ser His Leu Gln Cys Leu Arg Leu Ser His 465 470 475 480 aac tgc atc tcg cag gca gtc aat ggc tcc cag ttc ctg ccg ctg acc 1632 Asn Cys Ile Ser Gln Ala Val Asn Gly Ser Gln Phe Leu Pro Leu Thr 485 490 495 ggt ctg cag gtg cta gac ctg tcc cac aat aag ctg gac ctc tac cac 1680 Gly Leu Gln Val Leu Asp Leu Ser His Asn Lys Leu Asp Leu Tyr His 500 505 510 gag cac tca ttc acg gag cta cca cga ctg gag gcc ctg gac ctc agc 1728 Glu His Ser Phe Thr Glu Leu Pro Arg Leu Glu Ala Leu Asp Leu Ser 515 520 525 tac aac agc cag ccc ttt ggc atg cag ggc gtg ggc cac aac ttc agc 1776 Tyr Asn Ser Gln Pro Phe Gly Met Gln Gly Val Gly His Asn Phe Ser 530 535 540 ttc gtg gct cac ctg cgc acc ctg cgc cac ctc agc ctg gcc cac aac 1824 Phe Val Ala His Leu Arg Thr Leu Arg His Leu Ser Leu Ala His Asn 545 550 555 560 aac atc cac agc caa gtg tcc cag cag ctc tgc agt acg tcg ctg cgg 1872 Asn Ile His Ser Gln Val Ser Gln Gln Leu Cys Ser Thr Ser Leu Arg- 565 570 575 gcc ctg gac ttc agc ggc aat gca ctg ggc cat atg tgg gcc gag gga 1920 Ala Leu Asp Phe Ser Gly Asn Ala Leu Gly His Met Trp Ala Glu Gly 580 585 590

gac ctc tat ctg cac ttc ttc caa ggc ctg agc ggt ttg atc tgg ctg 1968 Asp Leu Tyr Leu His Phe Phe Gln Gly Leu Ser Gly Leu Ile Trp Leu 595 600 605 gac ttg tcc cag aac cgc ctg cac acc ctc ctg ccc caa acc ctg cgc 2016 Asp Leu Ser Gln Asn Arg Leu His Thr Leu Leu Pro Gln Thr Leu Arg 610 615 620 aac ctc ccc aag agc cta cag gtg ctg cgt ctc cgt gac aat tac ctg 2064 Asn Leu Pro Lys Ser'Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Arg Asp Asn Tyr Leu 625 630 635 640 gcc ttc ttt aag tgg tgg agc ctc cac ttc ctg ccc aaa ctg gaa gtc 2112 Ala Phe Phe Lys Trp Trp Ser Leu His Phe Leu Pro Lys Leu Glu Val 645 650 655 ctc gac ctg gca gga aac cag ctg aag gcc ctg acc aat ggc agc ctg 2160 Leu Asp Leu Ala Gly Asn Gln Leu Lys Ala Leu Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu 660 665 670 cct gct ggc acc cgg ctc cgg agg ctg gat gtc agc tgc aac agc atc 2208 Pro Ala Gly Thr Arg Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Val Ser Cys Asn Ser Ile 675 680 685 agc ttc gtg gcc ccc ggc ttc ttt tcc aag gcc aag gag ctg cga gag 2256 Ser Phe Val Ala Pro Gly Phe Phe Ser Lys Ala Lys Glu Leu Arg Glu 690 695 700 ctc aac ctt agc gcc aac gcc ctc aag aca gtg gac cac tcc tgg ttt 2304 Leu Asn Leu Ser Ala Asn Ala Leu Lys Thr Val Asp His Ser Trp Phe 705 710 715 720 ggg ccc ctg gcg agt gcc ctg caa ata cta gat gta agc gcc aac cct 2352 Gly Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Leu Gln Ile Leu Asp Val Ser Ala Asn Pro 725 730 735 ctg cac tgc gcc tgt ggg gcg gcc ttt atg gac ttc ctg ctg gag gtg 2400 Leu His Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Phe Met Asp Phe Leu Leu Glu Val 740 745 750 cag gct gcc gtg ccc ggt ctg ccc agc cgg gtg aag tgt ggc agt ccg 2448 Gln Ala Ala Val Pro Gly Leu Pro Ser Arg Val Lys Cys Gly Ser Pro 755 760 765 ggc cag ctc cag ggc ctc agc atc ttt gca cag gac ctg cgc ctc tgc 2496 Gly Gln Leu Gln Gly Leu Ser Ile Phe Ala Gln Asp Leu Arg Leu Cys 770 775 780 ctg gat gag gcc ctc tcc tgg gac tgt ttc gcc ctc tcg ctg ctg gct 2544 Leu Asp Glu Ala Leu Ser Trp Asp Cys Phe Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Ala 785 790 795 800 gtg gct ctg ggc ctg ggt gtg ccc atg ctg cat cac ctc tgt ggc tgg 2592 Val Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Val Pro Met Leu His His Leu Cys Gly Trp 805 810 815

gac ctc tgg tac tgc ttc cac ctg tgc ctg gcc tgg ctt ccc tgg cgg 2640 Asp Leu Trp Tyr Cys Phe His Leu Cys Leu Ala Trp Leu Pro Trp Arg 820 825 830 ggg cgg caa agt ggg cga gat gag gat gcc ctg ccc tac gat gcc ttc 2688 Gly Arg Gln Ser Gly Arg Asp Glu Asp Ala Leu Pro Tyr Asp Ala Phe 835 840 845 gtg gtc ttc gac aaa acg cag agc gca gtg gca gac tgg gtg tac aac 2736 Val Val Phe Asp Lys'Thr Gln Ser Ala Val Ala Asp Trp Val Tyr Asn 850 855 860 gag ctt cgg ggg cag ctg gag gag tgc cgt ggg cgc tgg gca ctc cgc 2784 Glu Leu Arg Gly Gln Leu Glu Glu Cys Arg Gly Arg Trp Ala Leu Arg 865 870 875 880 ctg tgc ctg gag gaa cgc gac tgg ctg cct ggc aaa acc ctc ttt gag 2832 Leu Cys Leu Glu Glu Arg Asp Trp Leu Pro Gly Lys Thr Leu Phe Glu 885 890 895 aac ctg tgg gcc tcg gtc tat ggc agc cgc aag acg ctg ttt gtg ctg 2880 Asn Leu Trp Ala Ser Val Tyr Gly Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Phe Val Leu 900 905 910 gcc cac acg gac cgg gtc agt ggt ctc ttg cgc gcc agc ttc ctg ctg 2928 Ala His Thr Asp Arg Val Ser Gly Leu Leu Arg Ala Ser Phe Leu Leu 915 920 925 gcc cag cag cgc ctg ctg gag gac cgc aag gac gtc gtg gtg ctg gtg 2976 Ala Gln Gln Arg Leu Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Asp Val Val Val Leu Val 930 935 940 atc ctg agc cct gac ggc cgc cgc tcc cgc tat gtg cgg ctg cgc cag 3024 Ile Leu Ser Pro Asp Gly Arg Arg Ser Arg Tyr Val Arg Leu Arg Gln 945 950 955 960 cgc ctc tgc cgc cag agt gtc ctc ctc tgg ccc cac cag ccc agt ggt 3072 Arg Leu Cys Arg Gln Ser Val Leu Leu Trp Pro His Gln Pro Ser Gly 965 970 975 cag cgc agc ttc tgg gcc cag ctg ggc atg gcc ctg acc agg gac aac 3120 Gln Arg Ser Phe Trp Ala Gln Leu Gly Met Ala Leu Thr Arg Asp Asn 980 985 990 cac cac ttc tat aac cgg aac ttc tgc cag gga ccc acg gcc gaa tag 3168 His His Phe Tyr Asn Arg Asn Phe Cys Gln Gly Pro Thr Ala Glu 995 1000 1005

MPMKWSGWRWSWGPATHTALPPPQGFCRSALHPLSLLVQAIMLAMTLALGTLPAFLPCEL QPHGLVNCN<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> WLFLKSVPHFSMAAPRGNVTSLSLSSNRIHHLHDSDFAHLPSLRHLNLKWNCPPVGLSPM HFPCHMTIE PSTFLAVPTLEELNLSYNNIMTVPALPKSLISLSLSHTNILMLDSASLAGLHALRFLFMD GNCYYKNPC RQALEVAPGALLGLGNLTHLSLKYNNLTVVPRNLPSSLEYLLLSYNRIVKLAPEDLANLT ALRVLDVGG NCRRCDHAPNPCMECPRHFPQLHPDTFSHLSRLEGLVLKDSSLSWLNASWFRGLGNLRVL DLSENFLYK CITKTKAFQGLTQLRKLNLSFNYQKRVSFAHLSLAPSFGSLVALKELDMHGIFFRSLDET TLRPLARLP <BR> <BR> MLQTLRLQMNFINQAQLGIFRAFPGLRYVDLSDNRISGASELTATMGEADGGEKVWLQPG DLAPAPVDT<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> PSSEDFRPNCSTLNFTLDLSRNNLVTVQPEMFAQLSHLQCLRLSHNCISQAVNGSQFLPL TGLQVLDLS HNKLDLYHEHSFTELPRLEALDLSYNSQPFGMQGVGHNFSFVAHLRTLRHLSLAHNNIHS QVSQQLCST <BR> <BR> SLRALDFSGNALGHMWAEGDLYLHFFQGLSGLIWLDLSQNRLHTLLPQTLRNLPKSLQVL RLRDNYLAF<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> FKWWSLHFLPKLEVLDLAGNQLKALTNGSLPAGTRLRRLDVSCNSISFVAPGFFSKAKEL RELNLSANA<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> LKTVDHSWFGPLASALQILDVSANPLHCACGAAFMDFLLEVQAAVPGLPSRVKCGSPGQL QGLSIFAQD LRLCLDEALSWDCFALSLLAVALGLGVPMLHHLCGWDLWYCFHLCLAWLPWRGRQSGRDE DALPYDAFV <BR> <BR> VFDKTQSAVADWVYNELRGQLEECRGRWALRLCLEERDWLPGKTLFENLWASVYGSRKTL FVLAHTDRV<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> SGLLRASFLLAQQRLLEDRKDVVVLVILSPDGRRSRYVRLRQRLCRQSVLLWPHQPSGQR SFWAQLGMA LTRDNHHFYNRNFCQGPTAE partial rodent, e. g., mouse DTLR10 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 35) : TGGCCCACAC GGACCGCGTC AGTGGCCTCC TGCGCACCAG CTTCCTGCTG GCTCAGCAGC 60 GCCTGTTGGA AGACCGCAAG GACGTGGTGG TGTTGGTGAT CCTGCGTCCG GATGCCCCAC 120 CGTCCCGCTA TGTGCGACTG CGCCAGCGTC TCTGCCGCCA GAGTGTGCTC TTCTGGCCCC 180 AGCGACCCAA CGGGCAGGGG GGCTTCTGGG CCCAGCTGAG TACAGCCCTG ACTAGGGACA 240 ACCGCCACTT CTATAACCAG AACTTCTGCC GGGGACCTAC AGCAGAATAG CTCAGAGCAA 300 CAGCTGGAAA CAGCTGCATC TTCATGTCTG GTTCCCGAGT TGCTCTGCCT GCCTTGCTCT 360 GTCTTACTAC ACCGCTATTT GGCAAGTGCG CAATATATGC TACCAAGCCA CCAGGCCCAC 420 GGAGCAAAGG TTGGCTGTAA AGGGTAGTTT TCTTCCCATG CATCTTTCAG GAGAGTGAAG 480 ATAGACACCA AACCCAC 497 Further rodent, e. g., mouse, DTLR10 (SEQ ID NO : 44 and 45) : aac ctg tcc ttc aat tac cgc aag aag gta tcc ttt gcc cgc ctc cac 48 Asn Leu Ser Phe Asn Tyr Arg Lys Lys Val Ser Phe Ala Arg Leu His 1 5 10 15 ctg gca agt tcc ttt aag aac ctg gtg tca ctg cag gag ctg aac atg 96 Leu Ala Ser Ser Phe Lys Asn Leu Val Ser Leu Gln Glu Leu Asn Met 20 25 30 aac ggc atc ttc ttc cgc ttg ctc aac aag tac acg ctc aga tgg ctg 144 Asn Gly Ile Phe Phe Arg Leu Leu Asn Lys Tyr Thr Leu Arg Trp Leu 35 40 45 gcc gat ctg ccc aaa ctc cac act ctg cat ctt caa atg aac ttc atc 192 Ala Asp Leu Pro Lys Leu His Thr Leu His Leu 61n Met Asn Phe Ile 50 55 60

aac cag gca cag ctc agc atc ttt ggt acc ttc cga gcc ctt cgc ttt 240 Asn Gln Ala Gln Leu Ser Ile Phe Gly Thr Phe Arg Ala Leu Arg Phe 65 70 75 80 gtg gac ttg tca gac aat cgc atc agt ggg cct tca acg ctg tca gaa 288 Val Asp Leu Ser Asp Asn Arg Ile Ser Gly Pro. Ser Thr Leu Ser Glu 85 90'95 gcc acc cct gaa gag gca gat gat gca gag cag gag gag ctg ttg tct 336 Ala Thr Pro Glu Glu Ala Asp Asp Ala Glu Gln Glu Glu Leu Leu Ser 100 105 110 gcg'gat cct cac cca gct ccg ctg agc acc cct gct tct aag aac ttc 384 Ala Asp Pro His Pro Ala Pro Leu Ser Thr Pro Ala Ser Lys Asn Phe 115 120 125 atg gac agg tgt aag aac ttc aag ttc aac atg gac ctg tct cgg aac 432 Met Asp Arg Cys Lys Asn Phe Lys Phe Asn Met Asp Leu Ser Arg Asn 130 135 140 aac ctg gtg act atc aca gca gag atg ttt gta aat ctc tca cgc ctc 480 Asn Leu Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Glu Met Phe Val Asn Leu Ser Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 cag tgt ctt agc ctg agc cac aac tca att gca cag gct gtc aat ggc 528 Gln Cys Leu Ser Leu Ser His Asn Ser Ile Ala Gln Ala Val Asn Gly 165 170 175 tct cag ttc ctg ccg ctg acc ggt ctg cag gtg cta gac ctg tcc cac 576 Ser Gln Phe Leu Pro Leu Thr Gly Leu Gln Val Leu Asp Leu Ser His 180 185 190 aat aag ctg gac ctc tac cac gag cac tca ttc acg gag cta cca cga 624 Asn Lys Leu Asp Leu Tyr His Glu His Ser Phe Thr Glu Leu Pro Arg 195 200 205 ctg gag gcc ctg gac ctc agc tac aac agc cag ccc ttt agc atg aag 672 Leu Glu Ala Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Gln Pro Phe Ser Met Lys 210 215 220 ggt ata ggc cac aat ttc agt ttt gtg acc cat ctg tcc atg cta cag 720 Gly Ile Gly His Asn Phe Ser Phe Val Thr His Leu Ser Met Leu Gln 225 230 235 240 agc ctt agc ctg gca cac aat gac att cat acc cgt gtg tcc tca cat 768 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ala His Asn Asp Ile His Thr Arg Val Ser Ser His 245 250 255 ctc aac agc aac tca gtg agg ttt ctt gac ttc agc ggc aac ggt atg 816 Leu Asn Ser Asn Ser Val Arg Phe Leu Asp Phe Ser Gly Asn Gly Met 260 265 270 ggc cgc atg tgg gat gag ggg ggc ctt tat ctc cat ttc ttc caa ggc 864 Gly Arg Met Trp Asp Glu Gly Gly Leu Tyr Leu His Phe Phe Gln Gly 275 280 285

ctg agt ggc gtg ctg aag ctg gac ctg tct caa aat aac ctg cat atc 912 Leu Ser Gly Val Leu Lys Leu Asp Leu Ser Gln Asn Asn Leu His Ile 290 295 300 ctc cgg ccc cag aac ctt gac aac ctc ccc aag agc ctg aag ctg ctg 960 Leu Arg Pro Gln Asn Leu Asp Asn Leu Pro Lys Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu 305 310 315 320 agc ctc cga gac aac tac cta tct ttc ttt aac tgg acc agt ctg tcc 1008 Ser Leu Arg Asp Asn'Tyr Leu Ser Phe Phe Asn Trp Thr Ser Leu Ser 325 330 335 ttc cta ccc aac ctg gaa gtc cta gac ctg gca ggc aac cag cta aag 1056 Phe Leu Pro Asn Leu Glu Val Leu Asp Leu Ala Gly Asn Gln Leu Lys 340 345 350 gcc ctg acc aat ggc acc ctg cct aat ggc acc ctc ctc cag aaa ctc 1104 Ala Leu Thr Asn Gly Thr Leu Pro Asn Gly Thr Leu Leu Gln Lys Leu 355 360 365 gat gtc agt agc aac agt atc gtc tct gtg gcc ccc ggc ttc ttt tcc 1152 Asp Val Ser Ser Asn Ser Ile Val Ser Val Ala Pro Gly Phe Phe Ser 370 375 380 aag gcc aag gag ctg cga gag ctc aac ctt agc gcc aac gcc etc aag 1200 Lys Ala Lys Glu Leu Arg Glu Leu Asn Leu Ser Ala Asn Ala Leu Lys 385 390 395 400 aca gtg gac cac tcc tgg ttt ggg ccc att gtg atg aac ctg aca gtt 1248 Thr Val Asp His Ser Trp Phe Gly Pro Ile Val Met Asn Leu Thr Val 405 410 415 cta gac gtg aga agc aac cct ctg cac tgt gcc tgt ggg gca gcc ttc 1296 Leu Asp Val Arg Ser Asn Pro Leu His Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Phe 420 425 430 gta gac tta ctg ttg gag gtg cag acc aag gtg cct ggc ctg gct aat 1344 Val Asp Leu Leu Leu Glu Val Gln Thr Lys Val Pro Gly Leu Ala Asn 435 440 445 ggt gtg aag tgt ggc agc ccc ggc cag ctg cag ggc cgt agc atc ttc 1392 Gly Val Lys Cys Gly Ser Pro Gly Gln Leu GIn Gly Arg Ser Ile Phe 450 455 460 gcg cag gac ctg cgg ctg tgc ctg gat gag gtc ctc tct tgg gac tgc 1440 Ala Gln Asp Leu Arg Leu Cys Leu Asp Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Asp Cys 465 470 475 480 ttt ggc ctt tca ctc ttg gct gtg gcc gtg ggc atg gtg gtg cct ata 1488 Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Leu Ala Val Ala Val Gly Met Val Val Pro Ile- 485 490 495 ctg cac cat ctc tgc ggc tgg gac gtc tgg tac tgt ttt cat ctg tgc 1536 Leu His His Leu Cys Gly Trp Asp Val Trp Tyr Cys Phe His Leu Cys 500 505 510

ctg gca tgg cta cct ttg cta gcc cgc agc cga cgc agc gcc caa act 1584 Leu Ala Trp Leu Pro Leu Leu Ala Arg Ser Arg Arg Ser Ala Gln Thr 515 520 525 ctc cct tat gat gcc ttc gtg gtg ttc gat aag gca cag agc gca gtt 1632 Leu Pro Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Val Phe Asp Lys Ala Gln Ser Ala Val 530 535 540 gcc gac tgg gtg tat aac gag ctg cgg gtg cgg ctg gag gag cgg cgc 1680 Ala Asp Trp Val Tyr Asn Glu Leu Arg Val Arg Leu Glu Glu Arg Arg 545 550 555 560 ggc cgc tgg gca ctc cgc ctg tgc ctg gag gac cga gat tgg ctg cct 1728 Gly Arg Trp Ala Leu Arg Leu Cys Leu Glu Asp Arg Asp Trp Leu Pro 565 570 575 ggc cag acg ctc ttc gag aac ctc tgg gct tcc atc tat ggg agc cgc 1776 Gly Gln Thr Leu Phe Glu Asn Leu Trp Ala Ser Ile Tyr Gly Ser Arg 580 585 590 aag act cta ttt gtg ctg gcc cac acg gac cgc gtc agt ggc ctc ctg 1824 Lys Thr Leu Phe Val Leu Ala His Thr Asp Arg Val Ser Gly Leu Leu 595 600 605 cgc acc agc ttc ctg ctg gct cag cag cgc ctg ttg gaa gac cgc aag 1872 Arg Thr Ser Phe Leu Leu Ala Gln Gln Arg Leu Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys 610 615 620 gac gtg gtg gtg ttg gtg atc ctg cgt ccg gat gcc cac cgc tcc cgc 1920 Asp Val Val Val Leu Val Ile Leu Arg Pro Asp Ala His Arg Ser Arg 625 630 635 640 tat gtg cga ctg cgc cag cgt ctc tgc cgc cag agt gtg ctc ttc tgg 1968 Tyr Val Arg Leu Arg Gln Arg Leu Cys Arg Gln Ser Val Leu Phe Trp 645 650 655 ccc cag cag ccc aac ggg cag ggg ggc ttc tgg gcc cag ctg agt aca 2016 Pro Gln Gln Pro Asn Gly Gln Gly Gly Phe Trp Ala Gln Leu Ser Thr 660 665 670 gcc ctg act agg gac aac cgc'cac ttc tat aac cag aac ttc tgc cgg 2064 Ala Leu Thr Arg Asp Asn Arg His Phe Tyr Asn Gin Asn Phe Cys Arg 675 680 685 gga cct aca gca gaa tagctcagag caacagctgg aaacagctgc atcttcatgt 2119 Gly Pro Thr Ala Glu 690 ctggttcccg agttgctctg cctgccttgc tctgtcttac tacaccgcta tttggcaagt 2179 gcgcaatata tgctaccaag ccaccaggcc cacggagcaa aggttggctg taaagggtag 2239 ttttcttccc atgcatcttt caggagagtg aagatagaca ccaaacccac 2289

NLSFNYRKKVSFARLHLASSFKNLVSLQELNMNGIFFRLLNKYTLRWLADLPKLHTLHLQ MNFINQAQL SIFGTFRALRFVDLSDNRISGPSTLSEATPEEADDAEQEELLSADPHPAPLSTPASKNFM DRCKNFKFN MDLSRNNLVTITAEMFVNLSRLQCLSLSHNSIAQAVNGSQFLPLTGLQVLDLSHNKLDLY HEHSFTELP RLEALDLSYNSQPFSMKGIGHNFSFVTHLSMLQSLSLAHNDIHTRVSSHLNSNSVRFLDF SGNGMGRMW<BR> <BR> DEGGLYLHFFQGLSGVLKLDLSQNNLHILRPQNLDNLPKSLKLLSLRDNYLSFFNWTSLS FLPNLEVLD<BR> <BR> LAGNQLKALTNGTLPNGTLLQKLDVSSNSIVSVAPGFFSKAKELRELNLSANALKTVDHS WFGPIVMNL<BR> <BR> TVLDVRSNPLHCACGAAFVDLLLEVQTKVPGLANGVKCGSPGQLQGRSIFAQDLRLCLDE VLSWDCFGL<BR> <BR> SLLAVAVGMVVPILHHLCGWDVWYCFHLCLAWLPLLARSRRSAQTLPYDAFVVFDKAQSA VADWVYNEL<BR> <BR> RVRLEERRGRWALRLCLEDRDWLPGQTLFENLWASIYGSRKTLFVLAHTDRVSGLLRTSF LLAQQRLLE<BR> <BR> DRKDWVLVILRPDAHRSRYVRLRQRLCRQSVLFWPQQPNGQGGFWAQLSTALTRDNRHFY NQNFCRGP TAE

Table 11: Comparison of intracellular domains of human DTLRs. DTLR1 is SEQ ID NO : 2; DTLR2 is SEQ ID NO : 4; DTLR3 is SEQ ID NO: 6; DTLR4 is SEQ ID NO : 8; DTLR5 is SEQ ID NO : 10; and DTLR6 is SEQ ID NO : 12.

Particularly important and conserved, e. g., characteristic, residues correspond, across the DTLRs, to SEQ ID NO : 18 residues tyrl0-tyrl3 ; trp26; cys46; trp52 ; pro54-gly55 ; ser69; lys71 ; trpl34-prol35 ; and phel44-trpl45.

DTLR1 QRNLQFHAFISYSGHD--SFWVKNELLPNLEKEG----MQICLHERNF DTLR9 KENLQFHAFISYSEHD---SAWVKSELVPYLEKED-----IQICLHERNF DTLR8------------------------NELIPNLEKEDGS---ILICLYESYF DTLR2 SRNICYDAFVSYSERD---AYWVENLMVQELENFNPP---FKLCLHKRDF DTLR6 SPDCCYDAFIVYDTKDPAVTEWVLAELVAKLEDPREK--HFNLCLEERDW DTLR7 TSQTFYDAYISYDTKDASVTDWVINELRYHLEESRDK--NVLLCLEERDW DTLR10 EDALPYDAFVVFDKTXSAVADWVYNELRGQLEECRGRW-ALRLCLEERDW DTLR4 RGENIYDAFVIYSSQD---EDWVRNELVKNLEEGVPP---FQLCLHYRDF DTLR5 PDMYKYDAYLCFSSKD---FTWVQNALLKHLDTQYSDQNRFNLCFEERDF DTLR3 TEQFEYAAYIIHAYKD---KDWVWEHFSSMEKEDQS----LKFCLEERDF .: * : DTLR1 VPGKSIVENIITC-IEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQSEWCH-YELYFAHHNLFHE DTLR9 VPGKSIVENIINC-IEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQSEWCH-YELYFAHHNLFHE DTLR8 DPGKSISENIVSF-IEKSYKSIFVLSPNFVQNEWCH-YEFYFAHHNLFHE DTLR2 IPGKWIIDNIIDS-IEKSHKTVFVLSENFVKSEWCK-YELDFSHFRLFEE DTLR6 LPGQPVLENLSQS-IQLSKKTVFVMTDKYAKTENFK-IAFYLSHQRLMDE DTLR7 DPGLAIIDNLMQS-INQSKKTVFVLTKKYAKSWNFK-TAFYLXLQRLMGE DTLR10 LPGKTLFENLWAS-VYGSRKTLFVLAHTDRVSGLLR-AIFLLAQQRLLE- DTLR4 IPGVAIAANIIHEGFHKSRKVIVVVSQHFIQSRWCI-FEYEIAQTWQFLS DTLR5 VPGENRIANIQDA-IWNSRKIVCLVSRHFLRDGWCL-EAFSYAQGRCLSD DTLR3 EAGVFELEAIVNS-IKRSRKIIFVITHHLLKDPLCKRFKVHHAVQQAIEQ * * * DTLR1 GSNSLILILLEPIPQYSIPSSYHKLKSLMARRTYLEWPKEKSKRGLFWAN DTLR9 GSNNLILILLEPIPQNSIPNKYHKLKALMTQRTYLQWPKEKSKRGLFWA- DTLR8 NSDHIILILLEPIPFYCIPTRYHKLEALLEKKAYLEWPKDRRKCGLFWAN DTLR2 NNDAAILILLEPIEKKAIPQRFCKLRKIMNTKTYLEWPMDEAQREGFWVN DTLR6 KVDVIILIFLEKPFQK---SKFLQLRKRLCGSSVLEWPTNPQAHPYFWQC DTLR7 NMDVIIFILLEPVLQH---SPYLRLRQRICKSSILQWPDNPKAERLFWQT DTLR10----------------------------------- DTLR4 SRAGIIFIVLQKVEKT-LLRQQVELYRLLSRNTYLEWEDSVLGRHIFWRR DTLR5 LNSALIMVVVGSLSQY-QLMKHQSIRGFVQKQQYLRWPEDLQDVGWFLHK DTLR3 NLDSIILVFLEEIPDYKLNHALCLRRGMFKSHCILNWPVQKERIGAFRHK DTLR1 LRAAINIKLTEQAKK-------------------------- DTLR9 -------------------------------------- DTLR8 LRAAVNVNVLATREMYELQTFTELNEESRGSTISLMRTDCL DTLR2 LRAAIKS---------------------------------- DTLR6 LKNALATDNHVAYSQVFKETV-------------------- DTLR7 LXNVVLTENDSRYNNMYVDSIKQY----------------- DTLR10-------------------------- DTLR4 LRKALLDGKSWNPEGTVGTGCNWQEATSI DTLR5 LSQQILKKEKEKKKDNNIPLQTVATIS-------------- DTLR3 LQVALGSKNSVH-----------------------------

Transmembrane segments correspond approximately to 802-818 (791-823) of primate DTLR7 SEQ ID NO : 37 ; 559-575 (550-586) of DTLR8 SEQ ID NO : 39; 553-569 (549-582) of DTLR9 SEQ ID NO: 41; 796-810 (790-814) of DTLR10 SEQ ID NO : 43; and 481-497 (475-503) of DTLR10 SEQ ID NO : 45.

As used herein, the term DNAX Toll like receptor 2 (DTLR2) shall be used to describe a protein comprising a protein or peptide segment. having or sharing the amino acid sequence shown in Table 2, or a substantial fragment thereof. Similarly, with a DTLR3 and Table 3; DTLR4 and Table 4 ; DTLR5 and Table 5 ; DTLR6 and Table 6 ; DTLR7 and Table 7; DTLR8 and Table 8; DTLR9 and Table 9; and DTLR10 and Table 10. Rodent, e. g., mouse, DTLR11 sequence is provided, e. g., in EST AA739083; DTLR13 in ESTAI019567 ; DTLR14 in ESTs AI390330 and AA244663.

The invention also includes a protein variations of the respective DTLR allele whose sequence is provided, e. g., a mutein agonist or antagonist. Typically, such agonists or antagonists will exhibit less than about 10% sequence differences, and thus will often have between 1- and 11-fold substitutions, e. g., 2-, 3-, 5-, 7-fold, and others. It also encompasses allelic and other variants, e. g., natural polymorphic, of the protein described.

Typically, it will bind to its corresponding biological receptor with high affinity, e. g., at least about 100 nM, usually better than about 30 nM, preferably better than about 10 nM, and more preferably at better than about 3 nM. The term shall also be used herein to refer to related naturally occurring forms, e. g., alleles, polymorphic variants, and metabolic variants of the mammalian protein.

This invention also encompasses proteins or peptides having substantial amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence in Table 2. It will include sequence variants with relatively few substitutions, e. g., preferably less than about 3-5. Similar features apply to

the other DTLR sequences provided in Tables 3,4,5,6,7, 8,9, or 10.

A substantial polypeptide"fragment", or"segment", is a stretch of amino acid residues. of at least about 8 amino acids, generally at least 10. amino acids, more generally at least 12 amino acids, often at least 14 amino acids, more often at least 16 amino acids, typically at least 18 amino acids, more typically at least 20 amino acids, usually at least 22 amino acids, more usually at least 24 amino acids, preferably at least 26 amino acids, more preferably at least 28 amino acids, and, in particularly preferred embodiments, at least about 30 or more amino acids. Sequences of segments of different proteins can be compared to one another over appropriate length stretches.

Amino acid sequence homology, or sequence identity, is determined by optimizing residue matches, if necessary, by introducing gaps as required. See, e. g., Needleham, et al., (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 48 : 443-453; Sankoff, et al., (1983) chapter one in Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA ; and software packages from IntelliGenetics, Mountain View, CA; the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (GCG), Madison, WI ; and the NCBI (NIH); each of which is incorporated herein by reference. This changes when considering conservative substitutions as matches.

Conservative substitutions typically include substitutions within the following groups: glycine, alanine; valine, isoleucine, leucine; aspartic acid, glutamic acid; asparagine, glutamine; serine, threonine; lysine, arginine; and phenylalanine, tyrosine. Homologous amino acid sequences are intended to include natural allelic and interspecies variations in the cytokine sequence. Typical homologous proteins or peptides will have from 50-100% homology (if gaps can be introduced), to 60-100% homology

(if conservative substitutions are included) with an amino acid sequence segment of Table 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10. Homology measures will be at least about 70%, generally at least 76%, more generally at least 81%, often at least 85%, more often at least 88%, typically at least 90%, more typically at least 92%, usually at least 94%, more usually at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, and more preferably at least 97%, and in particularly preferred embodiments, at least 98% or more. The degree of homology will vary with the length of the compared segments. Homologous proteins or peptides, such as the allelic variants, will share most biological activities with the embodiments described in Table 2,3,4,6,7,8, 9, or 10. Particularly interesting regions of comparison, at the amino acid or nucleotide levels, correspond to those within each of the blocks 1-10, or intrablock regions, corresponding to those indicated in Figures 2A- 2B.

As used herein, the term"biological activity"is used to describe, without limitation, effects on inflammatory responses, innate immunity, and/or morphogenic development by respective ligands. For example, these receptors should, like IL-1 receptors, mediate phosphatase or phosphorylase activities, which activities are easily measured by standard procedures.

See, e. g., Hardie, et al. (eds. 1995) The Protein Kinase FactBook vols. I and II, Academic Press, San Diego, CA ; Hanks, et al. (1991) Meth. Enzymol. 200: 38-62 ; Hunter, et al. (1992) Cell 70: 375-388 ; Lewin (1990) Cell 61: 743-752 ; Pines, et al. (1991) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.

56: 449-463; and Parker, et al. (1993) Nature 363: 736-738.

The receptors exhibit biological activities much like regulatable enzymes, regulated by ligand binding.

However, the enzyme turnover number is more close to an enzyme than a receptor complex. Moreover, the numbers of occupied receptors necessary to induce such enzymatic

activity is less than most receptor systems, and may number closer to dozens per cell, in contrast to most receptors which will trigger at numbers in the thousands per cell. The receptors, or portions thereof, may be useful as phosphate labeling enzymes to label general or specific substrates.

The terms ligand, agonist, antagonist, and analog of, e. g., a DTLR, include molecules that modulate the characteristic cellular responses to Toll ligand like proteins, as well as molecules possessing the more standard structural binding competition features of ligand-receptor interactions, e. g., where the receptor is a natural receptor or an antibody. The cellular responses likely are mediated through binding of various Toll ligands to cellular receptors related to, but possibly distinct from, the type I or type II IL-1 receptors. See, e. g., Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.

12: 393-416; Morisato and Anderson (1995) Ann. Rev.

Genetics 29: 371-3991 and Hultmark (1994) Nature 367: 116- 117.

Also, a ligand is a molecule which serves either as a natural ligand to which said receptor, or an analog thereof, binds, or a molecule which is a functional analog of the natural ligand. The functional analog may be a ligand with structural modifications, or may be a wholly unrelated molecule which has a molecular shape which interacts with the appropriate ligand binding determinants. The ligands may serve as agonists or antagonists, see, e. g., Goodman, et al. (eds. 1990) Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics, Pergamon Press, New York.

Rational drug design may also be based upon structural studies of the molecular shapes of a receptor or antibody and other effectors or ligands. Effectors may be other proteins which mediate other functions in response to ligand binding, or other proteins which

normally interact with the receptor. One means for determining which sites interact with specific other proteins is a physical structure determination, e. g., x- ray crystallography or 2 dimensional NMR techniques.

These will provide guidance as to which amino acid residues form molecular contact regions. For a detailed description of protein structural determination, see, e. g., Blundell and Johnson (1976) Protein Crystallography, Academic Press, New York, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

II. Activities The Toll like receptor proteins will have a number of different biological activities, e. g., in phosphate metabolism, being added to or removed from specific substrates, typically proteins. Such will generally result in modulation of an inflammatory function, other innate immunity response, or a morphological effect. The DTLR2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, or 10 proteins are homologous to other Toll like receptor proteins, but each have structural differences. For example, a human DTLR2 gene coding sequence probably has about 70% identity with the nucleotide coding sequence of mouse DTLR2. At the amino acid level, there is also likely to be reasonable identity.

The biological activities of the DTLRs will be related to addition or removal of phosphate moieties to substrates, typically in a specific manner, but occasionally in a non specific manner. Substrates may be identified, or conditions for enzymatic activity may be assayed by standard methods, e. g., as described in Hardie, et al. (eds. 1995) The Protein Kinase FactBook vols. I and II, Academic Press, San Diego, CA; Hanks, et al. (1991) Meth. Enzymol. 200: 38-62; Hunter, et al. (1992) Cell 70: 375-388; Lewin (1990) Cell 61: 743-752; Pines, et al.

(1991) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 56: 449-463; and Parker, et al. (1993) Nature 363: 736-738.

III. Nucleic Acids This invention contemplates use of isolated nucleic acid or fragments, e. g., which encode these or closely related proteins, or fragments thereof, e. g., to encode a corresponding polypeptide, preferably one which is biologically active. In addition, this invention covers isolated or recombinant DNA which encodes such proteins or polypeptides having characteristic sequences of the respective DTLRs, individually or as a group. Typically, the nucleic acid is capable of hybridizing, under appropriate'conditions, with a nucleic acid sequence segment shown in Tables 2-10, but preferably not with a corresponding segment of Table 1. Said biologically active protein or polypeptide can be a full length protein, or fragment, and will typically have a segment of amino acid sequence highly homologous to one shown in Tables 2-10. Further, this invention covers the use of isolated or recombinant nucleic acid, or fragments thereof, which encode proteins having fragments which are equivalent to the DTLR2-10 proteins. The isolated nucleic acids can have the respective regulatory sequences in the 5'and 3'flanks, e. g., promoters, enhancers, poly-A addition signals, and others from the natural gene.

An"isolated"nucleic acid is a nucleic acid, e. g., an RNA, DNA, or a mixed polymer, which is substantially pure, e. g., separated from other components which naturally accompany a native sequence, such as ribosomes, polymerases, and flanking genomic sequences from the originating species. The term embraces a nucleic acid sequence which has been removed from its naturally occurring environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA isolates, which are thereby distinguishable from naturally occurring compositions, and chemically

synthesized analogs or analogs biologically synthesized by heterologous systems. A substantially pure molecule includes isolated forms of the molecule, either completely or substantially pure.

An isolated nucleic acid will. generally be a homogeneous composition of molecules, but will, in some embodiments, contain heterogeneity, preferably minor.

This heterogeneity is typically found at the polymer ends or portions not critical to a desired biological function or activity.

A"recombinant"nucleic acid is typically defined either by its method of production or its structure. In reference to its method of production, e. g., a product made by a process, the process is use of recombinant nucleic acid techniques, e. g., involving human intervention in the nucleotide sequence. Typically this intervention involves in vitro manipulation, although under certain circumstances it may involve more classical animal breeding techniques. Alternatively, it can be a nucleic acid made by generating a sequence comprising fusion of two fragments which are not naturally contiguous to each other, but is meant to exclude products of nature, e. g., naturally occurring mutants as found in their natural state. Thus, for example, products made by transforming cells with any unnaturally occurring vector is encompassed, as are nucleic acids comprising sequence derived using any synthetic oligonucleotide process. Such a process is often done to replace a codon with a redundant codon encoding the same or a conservative amino acid, while typically introducing or removing a restriction enzyme sequence recognition site.

Alternatively, the process is performed to join together nucleic acid segments of desired functions to generate a single genetic entity comprising a desired combination of functions not found in the commonly available natural forms, e. g., encoding a fusion protein. Restriction

enzyme recognition sites are often the target of such artificial manipulations, but other site specific targets, e. g., promoters, DNA replication sites, regulation sequences, control sequences, or other useful features may be incorporated by design. A similar concept is intended for a recombinant, e. g., fusion, polypeptide. This will include a dimeric repeat. Specifically included are synthetic nucleic acids which, by genetic code redundancy, encode equivalent polypeptides to fragments of DTLR2-5 and fusions of sequences from various different related molecules, e. g., other IL-1 receptor family members.

A"fragment"in a nucleic acid context is a contiguous segment of at least about 17 nucleotides, generally at least 21 nucleotides, more generally at least 25 nucleotides, ordinarily at least 30 nucleotides, more ordinarily at least 35 nucleotides, often at least 39 nucleotides, more often at least 45 nucleotides, typically at least 50 nucleotides, more typically at least 55 nucleotides, usually at least 60 nucleotides, more usually at least 66 nucleotides, preferably at least 72 nucleotides, more preferably at least 79 nucleotides, and in particularly preferred embodiments will be at least 85 or more nucleotides. Typically, fragments of different genetic sequences can be compared to one another over appropriate length stretches, particularly defined segments such as the domains described below.

A nucleic acid which codes for a DTLR2-10 will be particularly useful to identify genes, mRNA, and cDNA species which code for itself or closely related proteins, as well as DNAs which code for polymorphic, allelic, or other genetic variants, e. g., from different individuals or related species. Preferred probes for such screens are those regions of the interleukin which are conserved between different polymorphic variants or which contain nucleotides which lack specificity, and will preferably be full length or nearly so. In other situations,

polymorphic variant specific sequences will be more useful.

This invention further covers recombinant nucleic acid molecules and fragments having nucleic acid sequence identical to or highly homologous to the isolated DNA set forth herein. In particular, the sequences will often be operably linked to DNA segments which control transcription, translation, and DNA replication. These additional segments typically assist in expression of the desired nucleic acid segment.

Homologous, or highly identical, nucleic acid sequences, when compared to one another or Table 2-10 sequences, exhibit significant similarity. The standards for homology in nucleic acids are either measures for homology generally used in the art by sequence comparison or based upon hybridization conditions. Comparative hybridization conditions are described in greater detail below.

Substantial identity in the nucleic acid sequence comparison context means either that the segments, or their complementary strands, when compared, are identical when optimally aligned, with appropriate nucleotide insertions or deletions, in at least about 60% of the nucleotides, generally at least 66%, ordinarily at least 71%, often at least 76%, more often at least 80%, usually at least 84%, more usually at least 88%, typically at least 91%, more typically at least about 93%, preferably at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 96 to 98% or more, and in particular embodiments, as high at about 99% or more of the nucleotides, including, e. g., segments encoding structural domains such as the segments described below. Alternatively, substantial identity will exist when the segments will hybridize under selective hybridization conditions, to a strand or its complement, typically using a sequence derived from Tables 2-10.

Typically, selective hybridization will occur when there

is at least about 55% homology over a stretch of at least about 14 nucleotides, more typically at least about 65%, preferably at least about 75%, and more preferably at least about 90%. See, Kanehisa (1984) Nucl. Acids Res.

12 : 203-213, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The length of homology comparison, as described, may be over longer stretches, and in certain embodiments will be over a stretch of at least about 17 nucleotides, generally at least about 20 nucleotides, ordinarily at least about 24 nucleotides, usually at least about 28 nucleotides, typically at least about 32 nucleotides, more typically at least about 40 nucleotides, preferably at least about 50 nucleotides, and more preferably at least about 75 to 100 or more nucleotides.

Stringent conditions, in referring to homology in the hybridization context, will be stringent combined conditions of salt, temperature, organic solvents, and other parameters typically controlled in hybridization reactions. Stringent temperature conditions will usually include temperatures in excess of about 30° C, more usually in excess of. about 37° C, typically in excess of about 45° C, more typically in excess of about 55° C, preferably in excess of about 65° C, and more preferably in excess of about 70° C. Stringent salt conditions will ordinarily be less than about 500 mM, usually less than about 400 mM, more usually less than about 300 mM, typically less than about 200 mM, preferably less than about 100 mM, and'more preferably less than about 80 mM, even down to less than about 20 mM. However, the combination of parameters is much more important than the measure of any single parameter. See, e. g., Wetmur and Davidson (1968) J. Mol. Biol. 31: 349-370, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Alternatively, for sequence comparison, typically one sequence acts as a reference sequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequence comparison

algorithm, test and reference sequences are input into a computer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, and sequence algorithm program parameters are designated. The sequence comparison algorithm then calculates the percent sequence identity for the test sequence (s) relative to the reference sequence, based on the designated program parameters.

Optical alignment of sequences for comparison can be conducted, e. g., by the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman (1981) Adv. Appl. Math. 2: 482, by the homology alignment algorithm of Needlman and Wunsch (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443, by the search for similarity method of Pearson and Lipman (1988) Proc. Nat'1 Acad. Sci. USA 85: 2444, by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, WI), or by visual inspection (see generally Ausubel et al., supra).

One example of a useful algorithm is PILEUP. PILEUP creates a multiple sequence alignment from a group of related sequences using progressive, pairwise alignments to show relationship and percent sequence identity. It also plots a tree or dendrogram showing the clustering relationships used to create the alignment. PILEUP uses a simplification of the progressive alignment method of Feng and Doolittle (1987) J. Mol. Evol. 35: 351-360. The method used is similar to the method described by Higgins and Sharp (1989) CABIOS 5: 151-153. The program can align up to 300 sequences, each of a maximum length of 5,000 nucleotides or amino acids. The multiple alignment procedure begins with the pairwise alignment of the two most similar sequences, producing a cluster of two aligned sequences. This cluster is then aligned to the next most related sequence or cluster of aligned sequences. Two clusters of sequences are aligned by a simple extension of the pairwise alignment of two individual sequences. The

final alignment is achieved by a series of progressive, pairwise alignments. The program is run by designating specific sequences and their amino acid or nucleotide coordinates for regions of sequence. ~comparison and by designating the program parameters ; For example, a reference sequence can be compared to other test sequences to determine the percent sequence identity relationship using the following parameters: default gap weight (3.00), default gap length weight (0.10), and weighted end gaps.

Another example of algorithm that is suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity is the BLAST algorithm, which is described Altschul, et al (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410.

Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http: www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/). This algorithm involves first identifying high scoring sequence pairs (HSPs) by identifying short words of length W in the query sequence, which either match or satisfy some positive- valued threshold score T when aligned with a word of the same length in a database sequence. T is referred to as the neighborhood word score threshold (Altschul, et al., supra). These initial neighborhood word hits act as seeds for initiating searches to find longer HSPs containing them. The word hits are then extended in both directions along each sequence for as far as the cumulative alignment score can be increased. Extension of the word hits in each direction are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value ; the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative- scoring residue alignments; or the end of either sequence is reached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T, and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. The BLAST program uses as defaults a wordlength (W) of 11, the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff and Henikoff (1989)

Proc. Nat'1 Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10915) alignments (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=4, and a comparison of both strands.

In addition to calculating percent sequence identity, the BLAST algorithm also performs a statistical analysis of the similarity between two sequences (see, e. g., Karlin and Altschul (1993) Proc. Nat'1 Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873- 5787). One measure of similarity provided by the BLAST algorithm is the smallest sum probability (P (N)), which provides an indication of the probability by which a match between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences would occur by chance. For example, a nucleic acid is considered similar to a reference sequence if the smallest sum probability in a comparison of the test nucleic acid to the reference nucleic acid is less than about 0.1, more preferably less than about 0.01, and most preferably less than about 0.001.

A further indication that two nucleic acid sequences of polypeptides are substantially identical is that the polypeptide encoded by the first nucleic acid is immunologically cross reactive with the polypeptide encoded by the second nucleic acid, as described below.

Thus, a polypeptide is typically substantially identical to a second polypeptide, e. g., where the two peptides differ only by conservative substitutions. Another indication that two nucleic acid sequences are substantially identical is that the two molecules hybridize to each other under stringent conditions, as described below.

The isolated DNA can be readily modified by nucleotide substitutions, nucleotide deletions, nucleotide insertions, and inversions of nucleotide stretches. These modifications result in novel DNA sequences which encode this protein or its derivatives. These modified sequences can be used to produce mutant proteins (muteins) or to enhance the expression of variant species. Enhanced

expression may involve gene amplification, increased transcription, increased translation, and other mechanisms. Such mutant DTLR-like derivatives include predetermined or site-specific mutations of the protein or its fragments, including silent mutations using genetic code degeneracy.."Mutant DTLR"as used herein encompasses a polypeptide otherwise falling within the homology definition of the DTLR as set forth above, but having an amino acid sequence which differs from that of other DTLR- like proteins as found in nature, whether by way of deletion, substitution, or insertion. In particular, "site specific mutant DTLR"encompasses a protein having substantial homology with a protein of Tables 2-10, and typically shares most of the biological activities or effects of the forms disclosed herein.

Although site specific mutation sites are predetermined, mutants need not be site specific.

Mammalian DTLR mutagenesis can be achieved by making amino acid insertions or deletions in the gene, coupled with expression. Substitutions, deletions, insertions, or any combinations may be generated to arrive at a final construct. Insertions include amino-or carboxy-terminal fusions. Random mutagenesis can be conducted at a target codon and the expressed mammalian DTLR mutants can then be screened for the desired activity. Methods for making substitution mutations at predetermined sites in DNA having a known sequence are well known in the art, e. g., by M13 primer mutagenesis. See also Sambrook, et al.

(1989) and Ausubel, et al. (1987 and periodic Supplements).

The mutations in the DNA normally should not place coding sequences out of reading frames and preferably will not create complementary regions that could hybridize to produce secondary mRNA structure such as loops or hairpins.

The phosphoramidite method described by Beaucage and Carruthers (1981) Tetra. Letts. 22: 1859-1862, will produce suitable synthetic DNA fragments. A double stranded fragment will often be obtained either by synthesizing the complementary strand and annealing. the strand together under appropriate conditions or by adding the complementary strand using DNA polymerase with an appropriate primer sequence.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques can often be applied in mutagenesis. Alternatively, mutagenesis primers are commonly used methods for generating defined mutations at predetermined sites. See, e. g., Innis, et al. (eds. 1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications Academic Press, San Diego, CA; and Dieffenbach and Dveksler (eds. 1995) PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Press, CSH, NY.

IV. Proteins, Peptides As described above, the present invention encompasses primate DTLR2-10, e. g., whose sequences are disclosed in Tables 2-10, and described above. Allelic and other variants are also contemplated, including, e. g., fusion proteins combining portions of such sequences with others, including epitope tags and functional domains.

The present invention also provides recombinant proteins, e. g., heterologous fusion proteins using segments from these rodent proteins. A heterologous fusion protein is a fusion of proteins or segments which are naturally not normally fused in the same manner.

Thus, the fusion product of a DTLR with an IL-1 receptor is a continuous protein molecule having sequences fused in a typical peptide linkage, typically made as a single translation product and exhibiting properties, e. g., sequence or antigenicity, derived from each source peptide. A similar concept applies to heterologous nucleic acid sequences.

In addition, new constructs may be made from combining similar functional or structural domains from other related proteins, e. g., IL-1 receptors or other DTLRs, including species variants.. For example, ligand- binding or other segments may be"swapped"between different new fusion polypeptides or fragments. See, e. g., Cunningham,'et al. (1989) Science 243: 1330-1336; and O'Dowd, et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263: 15985-15992, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Thus, new chimeric polypeptides exhibiting new combinations of specificities will result from the functional linkage of receptor-binding specificities. For example, the ligand binding domains from other related receptor molecules may be added or substituted for other domains of this or related proteins. The resulting protein will often have hybrid function and properties. For example, a fusion protein may include a targeting domain which may serve to provide sequestering of the fusion protein to a particular subcellular organelle.

Candidate fusion partners and sequences can be selected from various sequence data bases, e. g., GenBank, c/o IntelliGenetics, Mountain View, CA ; and BCG, University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Computing Group, Madison, WI, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention particularly provides muteins which bind Toll ligands, and/or which are affected in signal transduction. Structural alignment of human DTLR1- 10 with other members of the IL-1 family show conserved features/residues. See, e. g., Figure 3A. Alignment of the human DTLR sequences with other members of the IL-1 family indicates various structural and functionally shared features. See also, Bazan, et al. (1996) Nature 379: 591; Lodi, et al. (1994) Science 263 : 1762-1766; Sayle and Milner-White (1995) TIBS 20: 374-376; and Gronenberg, et al. (1991) Protein Engineering 4: 263-269.

The IL-la and IL-lp ligands bind an IL-1 receptor type I as the primary receptor and this complex then forms a high affinity receptor complex with the IL-1 receptor type III. Such receptor subunits are probably shared with the new IL-1 family members.

Similar variations in other species counterparts of DTLR2-10 sequences, e. g., in the corresponding regions, should provide similar interactions with ligand or substrate. Substitutions with either mouse sequences or human sequences are particularly preferred. Conversely, conservative substitutions away from the ligand binding interaction regions will probably preserve most signaling activities.

"Derivatives"of the primate DTLR2-10 include amino acid sequence mutants, glycosylation variants, metabolic derivatives and covalent or aggregative conjugates with other chemical moieties. Covalent derivatives can be prepared by linkage of functionalities to groups which are found in the DTLR amino acid side chains or at the N-or C-termini, e. g., by means which are well known in the art. These derivatives can include, without limitation, aliphatic esters or amides of the carboxyl terminus, or of residues containing carboxyl side chains, 0-acyl derivatives of hydroxyl group-containing residues, and N-acyl derivatives of the amino terminal amino acid or amino-group containing residues, e. g., lysine or arginine.

Acyl groups are selected from the group of alkyl-moieties including C3 to C18 normal alkyl, thereby forming alkanoyl aroyl species.

In particular, glycosylation alterations are included, e. g., made by modifying the glycosylation patterns of a polypeptide during its synthesis and processing, or in further processing steps. Particularly preferred means for accomplishing this are by exposing the polypeptide to glycosylating enzymes derived from cells which normally provide such processing, e. g., mammalian

glycosylation enzymes. Deglycosylation enzymes are also contemplated. Also embraced are versions of the same primary amino acid sequence which have other minor modifications, including phosphorylated amino acid residues, e. g., phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine.

A major group of derivatives are covalent conjugates of the receptors or fragments thereof with other proteins of polypeptides. These derivatives can be synthesized in recombinant culture such as N-or C-terminal fusions or by the use of agents known in the art for their usefulness in cross-linking proteins through reactive side groups.

Preferred derivatization sites with cross-linking agents are at free amino groups, carbohydrate moieties, and cysteine residues.

Fusion polypeptides between the receptors and other homologous or heterologous proteins are also provided.

Homologous polypeptides may be fusions between different receptors, resulting in, for instance, a hybrid protein exhibiting binding specificity for multiple different Toll ligands, or a receptor which may have broadened or weakened specificity of substrate effect. Likewise, heterologous fusions may be constructed which would exhibit a combination of properties or activities of the derivative proteins. Typical examples are fusions of a reporter polypeptide, e. g., luciferase, with a segment or domain of a receptor, e. g., a ligand-binding segment, so that the presence or location of a desired ligand may be easily determined. See, e. g., Dull, et al., U. S. Patent No. 4,859,609, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Other gene fusion partners include glutathione-S-transferase (GST), bacterial ß- galactosidase, trpE, Protein A, ß-lactamase, alpha amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and yeast alpha mating factor. See, e. g., Godowski, et al. (1988) Science 241:812-816.

The phosphoramidite method described by Beaucage and Carruthers (1981) Tetra. Letts. 22: 1859-1862, will produce suitable synthetic DNA fragments. A double stranded. fragment will often be obtained either by synthesizing the complementary strand and annealing the strand together under appropriate conditions or by adding the complementary strand using DNA polymerase with an appropriate primer sequence.

Such polypeptides may also have amino acid residues which have been chemically modified by phosphorylation, sulfonation, biotinylation, or the addition or removal of other moieties, particularly those which have molecular shapes similar to phosphate groups. In some embodiments, the modifications will be useful labeling reagents, or serve as purification targets, e. g., affinity ligands.

Fusion proteins will typically be made by either recombinant nucleic acid methods or by synthetic polypeptide methods. Techniques for nucleic acid manipulation and expression are described generally, for example, in Sambrook, et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2d ed.), Vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and Ausubel, et al. (eds. 1987 and periodic supplements) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene/Wiley, New York, which are each incorporated herein by reference. Techniques for synthesis of polypeptides are described, for example, in Merrifield (1963) J. Amer.

Chem. Soc. 85: 2149-2156; Merrifield (1986) Science 232: 341-347; and Atherton, et al. (1989)'Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford ; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. See also Dawson, et al. (1994) Science 266: 776-779 for methods to make larger polypeptides.

This invention also contemplates the use of derivatives of a DTLR2-10 other than variations in amino acid sequence or glycosylation. Such derivatives may involve covalent or aggregative association with chemical

moieties. These derivatives generally fall into three classes: (1) salts, (2) side chain and terminal residue covalent modifications, and (3) adsorption complexes, for example with cell membranes. Such covalent or aggregative derivatives are useful as immunogens, as reagents in immunoassays, or in purification methods such as for affinity purification of a receptor or other binding molecule, e. g., an antibody. For example, a Toll ligand can be immobilized by covalent bonding to a solid support such as cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose, by methods which are well known in the art, or adsorbed onto polyolefin surfaces, with or without glutaraldehyde cross-linking, for use in the assay or purification of a DTLR receptor, antibodies, or other similar molecules.

The ligand can also be labeled with a detectable group, for example radioiodinated by the chloramine T procedure, covalently bound to rare earth chelates, or conjugated to another fluorescent moiety for use in diagnostic assays.

A DTLR of this invention can be used as an immunogen for the production of antisera or antibodies specific, e. g., capable of distinguishing between other IL-1 receptor family members, for the DTLR or various fragments thereof. The purified DTLR can be used to screen monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments prepared by immunization with various forms of impure preparations containing the protein. In particular, the term"antibodies"also encompasses antigen binding fragments of natural antibodies, e. g., Fab, Fab2, Fv, etc.

The purified DTLR can also be used as a reagent to detect antibodies generated in response to the presence of elevated levels of expression, or immunological disorders which lead to antibody production to the endogenous receptor. Additionally, DTLR fragments may also serve as immunogens to produce the antibodies of the present invention, as described immediately below. For example, this invention contemplates antibodies having binding

affinity to or being raised against the amino acid sequences shown in Tables 2-10, fragments thereof, or various homologous peptides. In particular, this invention contemplates antibodies having binding affinity to, or having been raised against, specific fragments which are predicted to be, or actually are, exposed at the exterior protein surface of the native DTLR.

The blocking of physiological response to the receptor ligands may result from the inhibition of binding of the ligand to the receptor, likely through competitive inhibition. Thus, in vitro assays of the present invention will often use antibodies or antigen binding segments of these antibodies, or fragments attached to solid phase substrates. These assays will also allow for the diagnostic determination of the effects of either ligand binding region mutations and modifications, or other mutations and modifications, e. g., which affect signaling or enzymatic function.

This invention also contemplates the use of competitive drug screening assays, e. g., where neutralizing antibodies to the receptor or fragments compete with a test compound for binding to a ligand or other antibody. In this manner, the neutralizing antibodies or fragments can be used to detect the presence of a polypeptide which shares one or more binding sites to a receptor and can also be used to occupy binding sites on a receptor that might otherwise bind a ligand.

V. Making Nucleic Acids and Protein DNA which encodes the protein or fragments thereof can be obtained by chemical synthesis, screening cDNA libraries, or by screening genomic libraries prepared from a wide variety of cell lines or tissue samples. Natural sequences can be isolated using standard methods and the sequences provided herein, e. g., in Tables 2-10. Other species counterparts can be identified by hybridization

techniques, or by various PCR techniques, combined with or by searching in sequence databases, e. g., GenBank.

This DNA can be expressed in a wide variety of host cells for the synthesis of a full-length receptor or fragments which can in turn, for example, be used to generate polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies ; for binding studies; for construction and expression of modified ligand binding or kinase/phosphatase domains; and for structure/function studies. Variants or fragments can be expressed in host cells that are transformed or transfected with appropriate expression vectors. These molecules can be substantially free of protein or cellular contaminants, other than those derived from the recombinant host, and therefore are particularly useful in pharmaceutical compositions when combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent. The protein, or portions thereof, may be expressed as fusions with other proteins.

Expression vectors are typically self-replicating DNA or RNA constructs containing the desired receptor gene or its fragments, usually operably linked to suitable genetic control elements that are recognized in a suitable host cell. These control elements are capable of effecting expression within a suitable host. The specific type of control elements necessary to effect expression will depend upon the eventual host cell used. Generally, the genetic control elements can include a prokaryotic promoter system or a eukaryotic promoter expression control system, and typically include a transcriptional promoter, an optional operator to control the onset of transcription, transcription enhancers to elevate the level of mRNA expression, a sequence that encodes a suitable ribosome binding site, and sequences that terminate transcription and translation. Expression vectors also usually contain an origin of replication that

allows the vector to replicate independently of the host cell.

The vectors of this invention include those which contain DNA which encodes a protein, r as described, or a fragment thereof encoding a biologically active equivalent polypeptide. The DNA can be under the control of a viral promoter and can encode a selection marker. This invention further contemplates use of such expression vectors which are capable of expressing eukaryotic cDNA coding for such a protein in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host, where the vector is compatible with the host and where the eukaryotic cDNA coding for the receptor is inserted into the vector such that growth of the host containing the vector expresses the cDNA in question.

Usually, expression vectors are designed for stable replication in their host cells or for amplification to greatly increase the total number of copies of the desirable gene per cell. It is not always necessary to require that an expression vector replicate in a host cell, e. g., it is possible to effect transient expression of the protein or its fragments in various hosts using vectors that do not contain a replication origin that is recognized by the host cell. It is also possible to use vectors that cause integration of the protein encoding portion or its fragments into the host DNA by recombination.

Vectors, as used herein, comprise plasmids, viruses, bacteriophage, integratable DNA fragments, and other vehicles which enable the integration of DNA fragments into the genome of the host. Expression vectors are specialized vectors which contain genetic control elements that effect expression of operably linked genes. Plasmids are the most commonly used form of vector but all other forms of vectors which serve an equivalent function and which are, or become, known in the art are suitable for use herein. See, e. g., Pouwels, et al. (1985 and

Supplements) Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, Elsevier, N. Y., and Rodriquez, et al. (eds.) Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors and Their Uses, Buttersworth, Boston, 1988, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Transformed cells are cells, preferably mammalian, that have been transformed or transfected with receptor vectors constructed using recombinant DNA techniques.

Transformed host cells usually express the desired protein or its fragments, but for purposes of cloning, amplifying, and manipulating its DNA, do not need to express the subject protein. This invention further contemplates culturing transformed cells in a nutrient medium, thus permitting the receptor to accumulate in the cell membrane. The protein can be recovered, either from the culture or, in certain instances, from the culture medium.

For purposes of this invention, nucleic sequences are operably linked when they are functionally related to each other. For example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein or participates in directing the polypeptide to the cell membrane or in secretion of the polypeptide. A promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the polypeptide; a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned to permit translation. Usually, operably linked means contiguous and in reading frame, however, certain genetic elements such as repressor genes are not contiguously linked but still bind to operator sequences that in turn control expression.

Suitable host cells include prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and higher eukaryotes. Prokaryotes include both gram negative and gram positive organisms, e. g., E. coli and B. subtilis. Lower eukaryotes include yeasts, e. g., S. cerevisiae and Pichia, and species of the genus

Dictyostelium. Higher eukaryotes include established tissue culture cell lines from animal cells, both of non-mammalian origin, e. g., insect cells, and birds, and of mammalian origin, e. g., human, primates, and rodents.

Prokaryotic host-vector systems include a wide variety of vectors for many different species. As used herein, E. coli and its vectors will be used generically to include equivalent vectors used in other prokaryotes.

A representative vector for amplifying DNA is pBR322 or many of its derivatives. Vectors that can be used to express the receptor or its fragments include, but are not limited to, such vectors as those containing the lac promoter (pUC-series); trp promoter (pBR322-trp) ; Ipp promoter (the. pIN-series) ; lambda-pP or pR promoters (pOTS) ; or hybrid promoters such as ptac (pDR540). See Brosius, et al. (1988)"Expression Vectors Employing Lambda-, trp-, lac-, and Ipp-derived Promoters", in Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning Vectors and Their Uses, (eds. Rodriguez and Denhardt), Buttersworth, Boston, Chapter 10, pp. 205-236, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Lower eukaryotes, e. g., yeasts and Dictyostelium, may be transformed with DTLR sequence containing vectors. For purposes of this invention, the most common lower eukaryotic host is the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It will be used to generically represent lower eukaryotes although a number of other strains and species are also available. Yeast vectors typically consist of a replication origin (unless of the integrating type), a selection gene, a promoter, DNA encoding the receptor or its fragments, and sequences for translation termination, polyadenylation, and transcription termination. Suitable expression vectors for yeast include such constitutive promoters as 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and various other glycolytic enzyme gene promoters or such inducible promoters as the alcohol dehydrogenase 2

promoter or metallothionine promoter. Suitable vectors include derivatives of the following types: self-replicating low copy number (such as the YRp-series), self-replicating high copy number (such as the YEp-series); integrating types (such as the YIp-series), or mini-chromosomes (such as the YCp-series).

Higher eukaryotic tissue culture cells are normally the preferred host cells for expression of the functionally active interleukin protein. In principle, any higher eukaryotic tissue culture cell line is workable, e. g., insect baculovirus expression systems, whether from an invertebrate or vertebrate source.

However, mammalian cells are preferred. Transformation or transfection and propagation of such cells has become a routine procedure. Examples of useful cell lines include HeLa cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, baby rat kidney (BRK) cell lines, insect cell lines, bird cell lines, and monkey (COS) cell lines. Expression vectors for such cell lines usually include an origin of replication, a promoter, a translation initiation site, RNA splice sites (if genomic DNA is used), a polyadenylation site, and a transcription termination site. These vectors also usually contain a selection gene or amplification gene. Suitable expression vectors may be plasmids, viruses, or retroviruses carrying promoters derived, e. g., from such sources as from adenovirus, SV40, parvoviruses, vaccinia virus, or cytomegalovirus.

Representative examples of suitable expression vectors include pCDNAl ; pCD, see Okayama, et al. (1985) Mol. Cell Biol. 5: 1136-1142; pMClneo PolyA, see Thomas, et al.

(1987) Cell 51: 503-512; and a baculovirus vector such as pAC 373 or pAC 610.

For secreted proteins, an open reading frame usually encodes a polypeptide that consists of a mature or secreted product covalently linked at its N-terminus to a signal peptide. The signal peptide is cleaved prior to

secretion of the mature, or active, polypeptide. The cleavage site can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy from empirical rules, e. g., von-Heijne (1986) Nucleic Acids Research 14: 4683-4690, i and the precise amino acid composition of the signal peptide does not appear to be critical to its function, e. g., Randall, et al. (1989) Science 243: 1156-1159; Kaiser, et al. (1987) Science 235: 312-317.

It will often be desired to express these polypeptides in a system which provides a specific or defined glycosylation pattern. In this case, the usual pattern will be that provided naturally by the expression system. However, the pattern will be modifiable by exposing the polypeptide, e. g., an unglycosylated form, to appropriate glycosylating proteins introduced into a heterologous expression system. For example, the receptor gene may be co-transformed with one or more genes encoding mammalian or other glycosylating enzymes. Using this approach, certain mammalian glycosylation patterns will be achievable in prokaryote or other cells.

The source of DTLR can be a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host expressing recombinant DTLR, such as is described above. The source can also be a cell line such as mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, but other mammalian cell lines are also contemplated by this invention, with the preferred cell line being from the human species.

Now that the sequences are known, the primate DTLRs, fragments, or derivatives thereof can be prepared by conventional processes for synthesizing peptides. These include processes such as are described in Stewart and Young (1984) Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL; Bodanszky and Bodanszky (1984) The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, New York; and Bodanszky (1984) The Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, New York; all of each which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, an

azide process, an acid chloride process, an acid anhydride process, a mixed anhydride process, an active ester process (e. g., p-nitrophenyl ester, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, or cyanomethyl ester), a carbodiìmìdazole process, an oxidative-reductive process, or. a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)/additive process can be used. Solid phase and solution phase syntheses are both applicable to the foregoing processes. Similar techniques can be used with partial DTLR sequences.

The DTLR proteins, fragments, or derivatives are suitably prepared in accordance with the above processes as typically employed in peptide synthesis, generally either by a so-called stepwise process which comprises condensing an amino acid to the terminal amino acid, one by one in sequence, or by coupling peptide fragments to the terminal amino acid. Amino groups that are not being used in the coupling reaction typically must be protected to prevent coupling at an incorrect location.

If a solid phase synthesis is adopted, the C-terminal amino acid is bound to an insoluble carrier or support through its carboxyl group. The insoluble carrier is not particularly limited as long as it has a binding capability to a reactive carboxyl group. Examples of such insoluble carriers include halomethyl resins, such as chloromethyl resin or bromomethyl resin, hydroxymethyl resins, phenol resins, tert-alkyloxycarbonylhydrazidated resins, and the like.

An amino group-protected amino acid is bound in sequence through condensation of its activated carboxyl group and the reactive amino group of the previously formed peptide or chain, to synthesize the peptide step by step. After synthesizing the complete sequence, the peptide is split off from the insoluble carrier to produce the peptide. This solid-phase approach is generally described by Merrifield, et al. (1963) in J. Am. Chem.

Soc. 85: 2149-2156, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The prepared protein and fragments thereof can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture by means of peptide separation, for example, by extraction, precipitation, electrophoresis, various forms of chromatography, and the like. The receptors of this invention can be obtained in varying degrees of purity depending upon desired uses. Purification can be accomplished by use of the protein purification techniques disclosed herein, see below, or by the use of the antibodies herein described in methods of immunoabsorbant affinity chromatography. This immunoabsorbant affinity chromatography is carried out by first linking the antibodies to a solid support and then contacting the linked antibodies with solubilized lysates of appropriate cells, lysates of other cells expressing the receptor, or lysates or supernatants of cells producing the protein as a result of DNA techniques, see below.

Generally, the purified protein will be at least about 40% pure, ordinarily at least about 50% pure, usually at least about 60% pure, typically at least about 70% pure, more typically at least about 80% pure, preferable at least about 90% pure and more preferably at least about 95% pure, and in particular embodiments, 97%- 99% or more. Purity will usually be on a weight basis, but can also be on a molar basis. Different assays will be applied as appropriate.

VI. Antibodies Antibodies can be raised to the various mammalian, e. g., primate DTLR proteins and fragments thereof, both in naturally occurring native forms and in their recombinant forms, the difference being that antibodies to the active receptor are more likely to recognize epitopes which are only present in the native conformations. Denatured

antigen detection can also be useful in, e. g., Western analysis. Anti-idiotypic antibodies are also contemplated, which would be useful as agonists or antagonists of a natural receptor or an antibody.

Preferred antibodies will exhibit properties of both affinity and selectivity. High affinity is generally preferred, while selectivity will allow distinction between various embodiment subsets. In particular, it will be desirable to possess antibody preparations characterized to bind, e. g., various specific combinations of related members while not binding others. Such various combinatorial subsets are specifically enabled, e. g., these reagents may be generated or selected using standard methods of immunoaffinity, selection, etc.

Antibodies, including binding fragments and single chain versions, against predetermined fragments of the protein can be raised by immunization of animals with conjugates of the fragments with immunogenic proteins.

Monoclonal antibodies are prepared from cells secreting the desired antibody. These antibodies can be screened for binding to normal or defective protein, or screened for agonistic or antagonistic activity. These monoclonal antibodies will usually bind with at least a KD of about 1 mM, more usually at least about 300 uM, typically at least about 100uM, more typically at least about 30 pM, preferably at least about 10 uM, and more preferably at least about 3 uM or better.

The antibodies, including antigen binding fragments, of this invention can have significant diagnostic or therapeutic value. They can be potent antagonists that bind to the receptor and inhibit binding to ligand or inhibit the ability of the receptor to elicit a biological response, e. g., act on its substrate. They also can be useful as non-neutralizing antibodies and can be coupled to toxins or radionuclides to bind producing cells, or cells localized to the source of the interleukin.

Further, these antibodies can be conjugated to drugs or other therapeutic agents, either directly or indirectly by means of a linker.

The antibodies of this invention can also be useful in diagnostic applications. As capture or non-neutralizing antibodies, they might bind to the receptor without inhibiting ligand or substrate binding.

As neutralizing antibodies,. they can be useful in competitive binding assays. They will also be useful in detecting or quantifying ligand. They may be used as reagents for Western blot analysis, or for immunoprecipitation or immunopurification of the respective protein.

Protein fragments may be joined to other materials, particularly polypeptides, as fused or covalently joined polypeptides to be used as immunogens. Mammalian DTLR and its fragments may be fused or covalently linked to a variety of immunogens, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin, bovine serum albumin, tetanus toxoid, etc. See Microbiology, Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row, 1969 ; Landsteiner (1962) Specificity of Serological Reactions, Dover Publications, New York ; and Williams, et al. (1967) Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Vol.

1, Academic Press, New York; each of which are incorporated herein by reference, for descriptions of methods of preparing polyclonal antisera. A typical method involves hyperimmunization of an animal with an antigen. The blood of the animal is then collected shortly after the repeated immunizations and the gamma globulin is isolated.

In some instances, it is desirable to prepare monoclonal antibodies from various mammalian hosts, such as mice, rodents, primates, humans, etc. Description of techniques for preparing such monoclonal antibodies may be found in, e. g., Stites, et al. (eds.) Basic and Clinical Immunology (4th ed.), Lange Medical Publications, Los

Altos, CA, and references cited therein; Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, CSH Press; Goding (1986) Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice (2d ed) Academic Press, New York ; and particularly in Kohler and Milstein (1975) in Nature 256 :. 495-497, which discusses one method of generating monoclonal antibodies.

Each of these references is incorporated herein by reference. Summarized briefly, this method involves injecting an animal with an immunogen. The animal is then sacrificed and cells taken from its spleen, which are then fused with myeloma cells. The result is a hybrid cell or "hybridoma"that is capable of reproducing in vitro. The population of hybridomas is then screened to isolate individual clones, each of which secrete a single antibody species to the immunogen. In this manner, the individual antibody species obtained are the products of immortalized and cloned single B cells from the immune animal generated in response to a specific site recognized on the immunogenic substance.

Other suitable techniques involve in vitro exposure of lymphocytes to the antigenic polypeptides or alternatively to selection of libraries of antibodies in phage or similar vectors. See, Huse, et al. (1989) "Generation of a Large Combinatorial Library of the Immunoglobulin Repertoire in Phage Lambda,"Science 246: 1275-1281; and Ward, et al. (1989) Nature 341: 544-546, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The polypeptides and antibodies of the present invention may be used with or without modification, including chimeric or humanized antibodies. Frequently, the polypeptides and antibodies will be labeled by joining, either covalently or non-covalently, a substance which provides for a detectable signal. A wide variety of labels and conjugation techniques are known and are reported extensively in both the scientific and patent literature. Suitable labels include radionuclides,

enzymes, substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, fluorescent moieties, chemiluminescent moieties, magnetic particles, and the like. Patents, teaching the use of such labels include U. S. Patent Nos. 3,817,837 ;. 3, 850,752; 3,939,350; 3,996,345; 4,277,437 ; 4, 275,149; and 4,366,241. Also, recombinant or chimeric immunoglobulins may be produced, see Cabilly, U. S. Patent No. 4,816,567; or made in transgenic mice, see Mendez, et al. (1997) Nature Genetics 15: 146-156. These references are incorporated herein by reference.

The antibodies of this invention can also be used for affinity chromatography in isolating the DTLRs. Columns can be prepared where the antibodies are linked to a solid support, e. g., particles, such as agarose, Sephadex, or the like, where a cell lysate may be passed through the column, the column washed, followed by increasing concentrations of a mild denaturant, whereby the purified protein will be released. The protein may be used to purify antibody.

The antibodies may also be used to screen expression libraries for particular expression products. Usually the antibodies used in such a procedure will be labeled with a moiety allowing easy detection of presence of antigen by antibody binding.

Antibodies raised against a DTLR will also be used to raise anti-idiotypic antibodies. These will be useful in detecting or diagnosing various immunological conditions related to expression of the protein or cells which express the protein. They also will be useful as agonists or antagonists of the ligand, which may be competitive inhibitors or substitutes for naturally occurring ligands.

A DTLR protein that specifically binds to or that is specifically immunoreactive with an antibody generated against a defined immunogen, such as an immunogen consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO : 4,6, 8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22, or 24, is typically

determined in an immunoassay. The immunoassay typically uses a polyclonal antiserum which was raised, e. g., to a protein of SEQ ID NO: 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22, or 24. This antiserum is selected to have low crossreactivity against other IL-1R family members, e. g., DTLR1, preferably from the same species, and any such crossreactivity is removed by immunoabsorption prior to use in the immunoassay.

In order to produce antisera for use in an immunoassay, the protein of SEQ ID NO: 4,6,8,10,12, 14,16,18,20,22, or 24, or a combination thereof, is isolated as described herein. For example, recombinant protein may be produced in a mammalian cell line. An appropriate host, e. g., an inbred strain of mice such as Balb/c, is immunized with the selected protein, typically using a standard adjuvant, such as Freund's adjuvant, and a standard mouse immunization protocol (see Harlow and Lane, supra). Alternatively, a synthetic peptide derived from the sequences disclosed herein and conjugated to a carrier protein can be used an immunogen. Polyclonal sera are collected and titered against the immunogen protein in an immunoassay, e. g., a solid phase immunoassay with the immunogen immobilized on a solid support. Polyclonal antisera with a titer of 104 or greater are selected and tested for their cross activity against other IL-1R family members, e. g., mouse DTLRs or human DTLR1, using a competitive binding immunoassay such as the one described in Harlow and Lane, supra, at pages 570-573. Preferably at least two DTLR family members are used in this determination in conjunction with either or some of the human DTLR2-10. These IL-1R family members can be produced as recombinant proteins and isolated using standard molecular biology and protein chemistry techniques as described herein.

Immunoassays in the competitive binding format can be used for the crossreactivity determinations. For example,

the proteins of SEQ ID NO: 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18, 20,22, and/or 24, or various fragments thereof, can be immobilized to a solid support. Proteins added to the assay compete with the binding of the antisera to the immobilized antigen. The ability of the above proteins to compete with the binding of the antisera to the immobilized protein is compared to the protein of SEQ ID NO : 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22, and/or 24. The percent crossreactivity for the above proteins is calculated, using standard calculations. Those antisera with less than 10% crossreactivity with each of the proteins listed above are selected and pooled. The cross- reacting antibodies are then removed from the pooled antisera by immunoabsorption with the above-listed proteins.

The immunoabsorbed and pooled antisera are then used in a competitive binding immunoassay as described above to compare a second protein to the immunogen protein (e. g., the IL-1R like protein of SEQ ID NO: 4,6,8,10,12,14, 16, 18,20,22, and/or 24). In order to make this comparison, the two proteins are each assayed at a wide range of concentrations and the amount of each protein required to inhibit 50% of the binding of the antisera to the immobilized protein is determined. If the amount of the second protein required is less than twice the amount of the protein of the selected protein or proteins that is required, then the second protein is said to specifically bind to an antibody generated to the immunogen.

It is understood that these DTLR proteins are members of a family of homologous proteins that comprise at least 10 so far identified genes. For a particular gene product, such as the DTLR2-10, the term refers not only to the amino acid sequences disclosed herein, but also to other proteins that are allelic, non-allelic or species variants. It also understood that the terms include nonnatural mutations introduced by deliberate mutation

using conventional recombinant technology such as single site mutation, or by excising short sections of DNA encoding the respective proteins, or by substituting new amino acids, or adding new amino acids. Such minor alterations must substantially maintain the immunoidentity of the original. molecule and/or its biological activity.

Thus, these alterations include proteins that are specifically immunoreactive with a designated naturally occurring IL-1R related protein, for example, the DTLR proteins shown in SEQ ID NO : 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16, 18,20,22, or 24. The biological properties of the altered proteins can be determined by expressing the protein in an appropriate cell line and measuring the appropriate effect upon lymphocytes. Particular protein modifications considered minor would include conservative substitution of amino acids with similar chemical properties, as described above for the IL-1R family as a whole. By aligning a protein optimally with the protein of DTLR2-10 and by using the conventional immunoassays described herein to determine immunoidentity, one can determine the protein compositions of the invention.

VII. Kits and quantitation Both naturally occurring and recombinant forms of the IL-1R like molecules of this invention are particularly useful in kits and assay methods. For example, these methods would also be applied to screening for binding activity, e. g., ligands for these proteins. Several methods of automating assays have been developed in recent years so as to permit screening of tens of thousands of compounds per year. See, e. g., a BIOMEK automated workstation, Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, California, and Fodor, et al. (1991) Science 251: 767-773, which is incorporated herein by reference. The latter describes means for testing binding by a plurality of defined polymers synthesized on a solid substrate. The

development of suitable assays to screen for a ligand or agonist/antagonist homologous proteins can be greatly facilitated by the availability of large amounts of purified, soluble DTLRs in an active state such as is provided by this invention.

Purified DTLR can be coated directly onto plates for use in the aforementioned ligand screening techniques.

However, non-neutralizing antibodies to these proteins can be used as capture antibodies to immobilize the respective receptor on the solid phase, useful, e. g., in diagnostic uses.

This invention also contemplates use of DTLR2-10, fragments thereof, peptides, and their fusion products in a variety of diagnostic kits and methods for detecting the presence of the protein or its ligand. Alternatively, or additionally, antibodies against the molecules may be incorporated into the kits and methods. Typically the kit will have a compartment containing either a defined DTLR peptide or gene segment or a reagent which recognizes one or the other. Typically, recognition reagents, in the case of peptide, would be a receptor or antibody, or in the case of a gene segment, would usually be a hybridization probe.

A preferred kit for determining the concentration of, e. g., DTLR4, a sample would typically comprise a labeled compound, e. g., ligand or antibody, having known binding affinity for DTLR4, a source of DTLR4 (naturally occurring or recombinant) as a positive control, and a means for separating the bound from free labeled compound, for example a solid phase for immobilizing the DTLR4 in the test sample. Compartments containing reagents, and instructions, will normally be provided.

Antibodies, including antigen binding fragments, specific for mammalian DTLR or a peptide fragment, or receptor fragments are. useful in diagnostic applications to detect the presence of elevated levels of ligand and/or

its fragments. Diagnostic assays may be homogeneous (without a separation step between free reagent and antibody-antigen complex) or heterogeneous (with a separation step). Various commercial assays exist, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay (SLFIA) and the like. For example, unlabeled antibodies can be employed by using a second antibody which is labeled and which recognizes the antibody to DTLR4 or to a particular fragment thereof.

These assays have also been extensively discussed in the literature. See, e. g., Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, CSH., and Coligan (ed. 1991 and periodic supplements) Current Protocols In Immunology Greene/Wiley, New York.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies may have similar use to serve as agonists or antagonists of DTLR4. These should be useful as therapeutic reagents under appropriate circumstances.

Frequently, the reagents for diagnostic assays are supplied in kits, so as to optimize the sensitivity of the assay. For the subject invention, depending upon the nature of the assay, the protocol, and the label, either labeled or unlabeled antibody, or labeled ligand is provided. This is usually in conjunction with other additives, such as buffers, stabilizers, materials necessary for signal production such as substrates for enzymes, and the like. Preferably, the kit will also contain instructions for proper use and disposal of the contents after use. Typically the kit has compartments for each useful reagent, and will contain instructions for proper use and disposal of reagents. Desirably, the reagents are provided as a dry lyophilized powder, where the reagents may be reconstituted in an aqueous medium

having appropriate concentrations for performing the assay.

The aforementioned constituents of the diagnostic assays may be used'without modification or may be modified in a variety of ways. For example, labeling may be achieved by covalently or non-covalently joining a moiety which directly or indirectly provides a detectable signal.

In any of these assays, a. test compound, DTLR, or antibodies thereto can be labeled either directly or indirectly. Possibilities for direct labeling include label groups: radiolabels such as 125I, enzymes (U. S. Pat.

No. 3,645,090) such as peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, and fluorescent labels (U. S. Pat. No.

3,940,475) capable of monitoring the change in fluorescence intensity, wavelength shift, or fluorescence polarization. Both of the patents are incorporated herein by reference. Possibilities for indirect labeling include biotinylation of one constituent followed by binding to avidin coupled to one of the above label groups.

There are also numerous methods of separating the bound from the free ligand, or alternatively the. bound from the free test compound. The DTLR can be immobilized on various matrixes followed by washing. Suitable matrices include plastic such as an ELISA plate, filters, and beads. Methods of immobilizing the receptor to a matrix include, without limitation, direct adhesion to plastic, use of a capture antibody, chemical coupling,. and biotin-avidin. The last step in this approach involves the precipitation of antibody/antigen complex by any of several methods including those utilizing, e. g., an organic solvent such as polyethylene glycol or a salt such as ammonium sulfate. Other suitable separation techniques include, without limitation, the fluorescein antibody magnetizable particle method described in Rattle, et al.

(1984) Clin. Chem. 30 (9): 1457-1461, and the double antibody magnetic particle separation as described in U. S.

Pat. No. 4,659,678, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The methods for linking protein or fragments to various labels have been extensively reported in the literature and do not require detailed discussion here.

Many of the techniques involve the use of activated carboxyl groups either through the use of carbodiimide or active esters to form peptide bonds, the formation of thioethers by reaction of a mercapto group with an activated halogen such as chloroacetyl, or an activated olefin such as maleimide, for linkage, or the like.

Fusion proteins will also find use in these applications.

Another diagnostic aspect of this invention involves use of oligonucleotide or polynucleotide sequences taken from the sequence of a DTLR. These sequences can be used as probes for detecting levels of the respective DTLR in patients suspected of having an immunological disorder.

The preparation of both RNA and DNA nucleotide sequences, the labeling of the sequences, and the preferred size of the sequences has received ample description and discussion in the literature. Normally an oligonucleotide probe should have at least about 14 nucleotides, usually at least about 18 nucleotides, and the polynucleotide probes may be up to several kilobases. Various labels may be employed, most commonly radionuclides, particularly 32p. However, other techniques may also be employed, such as using biotin modified nucleotides for introduction into a polynucleotide. The biotin then serves as the site for binding to avidin or antibodies, which may be labeled with a wide variety of labels, such as radionuclides, fluorescers, enzymes, or the like. Alternatively, antibodies may be employed which can recognize specific duplexes, including DNA duplexes, RNA duplexes, DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes, or DNA-protein duplexes. The antibodies in turn may be labeled and the assay carried out where the duplex is bound to a surface, so that upon the formation

of duplex on the surface, the presence of antibody bound to the duplex can be detected. The use of probes to the novel anti-sense RNA may be carried out in any conventional techniques such as nucleic acid hybridization, plus and minus screening, recombinational probing, hybrid. released translation (HRT), and hybrid arrested translation (HART). This also includes amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Diagnostic kits which also test for the qualitative or quantitative presence of other markers are also contemplated. Diagnosis or prognosis may depend on the combination of multiple indications used as markers.

Thus, kits may test for combinations of markers. See, e. g., Viallet, et al. (1989) Progress in Growth Factor Res. 1: 89-97.

VIII. Therapeutic Utility This invention provides reagents with significant therapeutic value. The DTLRs (naturally occurring or recombinant), fragments thereof, mutein receptors, and antibodies, along with compounds identified as having binding affinity to the receptors or antibodies, should be useful in the treatment of conditions exhibiting abnormal expression of the receptors of their ligands. Such abnormality will typically be manifested by immunological disorders. Additionally, this invention should provide therapeutic value'in various diseases or disorders associated with abnormal expression or abnormal triggering of response to the ligand. The Toll ligands have been suggested to be involved in morphologic development, e. g., dorso-ventral polarity determination, and immune responses, particularly the primitive innate responses.

See, e. g., Sun, et al. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 196: 247- 254 ; Hultmark (1994) Nature 367: 116-117.

Recombinant DTLRs, muteins, agonist or antagonist antibodies thereto, or antibodies can be purified and then administered to a patient. These reagents can be combined for therapeutic use with additional. active ingredients, e. g., in conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, along with physiologically innocuous stabilizers and excipients. These combinations can be sterile, e. g., filtered, and placed into dosage forms as by lyophilization in dosage vials or storage in stabilized aqueous preparations. This invention also contemplates use of antibodies or binding fragments thereof which are not complement binding.

Ligand screening using DTLR or fragments thereof can be performed to identify molecules having binding affinity to the receptors. Subsequent biological assays can then be utilized to determine if a putative ligand can provide competitive binding, which can block intrinsic stimulating activity. Receptor fragments can be used as a blocker or antagonist in that it blocks the activity of ligand.

Likewise, a compound having intrinsic stimulating activity can activate the receptor and is thus an agonist in that it simulates the activity of ligand, e. g., inducing signaling. This invention further contemplates the therapeutic use of antibodies to DTLRs as antagonists.

The quantities of reagents necessary for effective therapy will depend upon many different factors, including means of administration, target site, physiological state of the patient, and other medicants administered. Thus, treatment dosages should be titrated to optimize safety and efficacy. Typically, dosages used in vitro may provide useful guidance in the amounts useful for in situ administration of these reagents. Animal testing of effective doses for treatment of particular disorders will provide further predictive indication of human dosage.

Various considerations. are described, e. g., in Gilman,. et al. (eds. 1990) Goodman and Gilman's : The Pharmacological

Bases of Therapeutics, 8th Ed., Pergamon Press; and Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, (current edition), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Penn.; each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Methods for administration are discussed therein and below, e. g., for oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular administration, transdermal diffusion, and others.

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers will include water, saline, buffers, and other compounds described, e. g., in the Merck Index, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey. Because of the likely high affinity binding, or turnover numbers, between a putative ligand and its receptors, low dosages of these reagents would be initially expected to be effective. And the signaling pathway suggests extremely low amounts of ligand may have effect. Thus, dosage ranges would ordinarily be expected to be in amounts lower than 1 mM concentrations, typically less than about 10 uM concentrations, usually less than about 100 nM, preferably less than about 10 pM (picomolar), and most preferably less than about 1 fM (femtomolar), with an appropriate carrier. Slow release formulations, or slow release apparatus will often be utilized for continuous administration.

DTLRs, fragments thereof, and antibodies or its fragments, antagonists, and agonists, may be administered directly to the host to be treated or, depending on the size of the compounds, it may be desirable to conjugate them to carrier proteins such as ovalbumin or serum albumin prior to their administration. Therapeutic formulations may be administered in any conventional dosage formulation. While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical formulation. Formulations comprise at least one active ingredient, as defined above, together with one or more acceptable carriers thereof.

Each carrier must be both pharmaceutically and

physiologically acceptable in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients and not injurious to the patient. Formulations include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, or parenteral (. including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration.. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, e. g., Gilman, et al. (eds. 1990) Goodman and Gilman's: The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics, 8th Ed., Pergamon Press; and Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (current edition), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Penn. ; Avis, et al.

(eds. 1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms : Parenteral Medications Dekker, NY ; Lieberman, et al. (eds. 1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets Dekker, NY; and Lieberman, et al. (eds. 1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems Dekker, NY. The therapy of this invention may be combined with or used in association with other therapeutic agents, particularly agonists or antagonists of other IL-1 family members.

IX. Ligands The description of the Toll receptors herein provide means to identify ligands, as described above. Such ligand should bind specifically to the respective receptor with reasonably high affinity. Various constructs are made available which allow either labeling of the receptor to detect its ligand. For example, directly labeling DTLR, fusing onto it markers for secondary labeling, e. g., FLAG or other epitope tags, etc., will allow detection of receptor. This can be histological, as an affinity method for biochemical purification, or labeling or selection in an expression cloning approach. A two-hybrid selection system may also be applied making appropriate constructs with the available DTLR sequences. See, e. g., Fields and Song (1989) Nature 340: 245-246.

Generally, descriptions of DTLRs will be analogously applicable to individual specific embodiments directed to DTLR2, DTLR3, DTLR4, DTLR5, DTLR6, DTLR7, DTLR8, DTLR9, and/or DTLR10 reagents and compositions.

The broad scope of this invention is best understood with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the inventions to the specific embodiments.

EXAMPLES I. General Methods Some of the standard methods are described or referenced, e. g., in Maniatis, et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Press; Sambrook, et al.

(1989) Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual, (2d ed.), vols. 1-3, CSH Press, NY; Ausubel, et al., Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, Brooklyn, NY or Ausubel, et al. (1987 and Supplements) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene/Wiley, New York. Methods for protein purification include such methods as ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, crystallization, and others. See, e. g., Ausubel, et al. (1987 and periodic supplements); Coligan, et al. (ed. 1996) and periodic supplements, Current Protocols In Protein Science Greene/Wiley, New York ; Deutscher (1990)"Guide to Protein Purification"in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182, and other volumes in this series ; and manufacturer's literature on use of protein purification products, e. g., Pharmacia, Piscataway, N. J., or Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA. Combination with recombinant techniques allow fusion to appropriate segments, e. g., to a FLAG sequence or an equivalent which can be fused via a protease-removable sequence. See, e. g., Hochuli (1989) Chemische Industrie 12: 69-70; Hochuli (1990)"Purification of Recombinant Proteins with Metal Chelate Absorbent"in Setlow (ed.) Genetic Engineering,. Principle and Methods 12: 87-98, Plenum Press, N. Y.; and Crowe, et al. (1992) QIAexpress: The High Level Expression and Protein Purification System QUIAGEN, Inc., Chatsworth, CA.

Standard immunological techniques and assays are described, e. g., in Hertzenberg, et al. (eds. 1996) Weir's Handbook of Experimental Immunology vols. 1-4, Blackwell Science; Coligan (1991) Current Protocols in Immunology

Wiley/Greene, NY; and Methods in Enzymology volumes. 70, 73,74,84,92,93,108,116,121,132,150,162, and 163.

Assays for vascular biological activities are well known in the art. They will cover angiogenic and angiostatic activities in tumor, or other tissues, e. g., arterial smooth muscle proliferation (see, e. g., Koyoma, et al. (1996) Cell 87: 1069-1078), monocyte adhesion to vascular epithelium (see McEvoy, et al. (1997) J. Exp.

Med. 185: 2069-2077), etc. See also Ross (1993) Nature 362: 801-809 ; Rekhter and Gordon (1995) Am. J. Pathol.

147: 668-677; Thyberg, et al. (1990) Atherosclerosis 10: 966-990 ; and Gumbiner (1996) Cell 84: 345-357.

Assays for neural cell biological activities are described, e. g., in Wouterlood (ed. 1995) Neuroscience Protocols modules 10, Elsevier; Methods in Neurosciences Academic Press ; and Neuromethods Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

Methodology of developmental systems is described, e. g., in Meisami (ed.) Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology CRC Press; and Chrispeels (ed.) Molecular Techniques and Approaches in Developmental Biology Interscience.

Computer sequence analysis is performed, e. g., using available software programs, including those from thewGCG (U. Wisconsin) and GenBank sources. Public sequence databases were also used, e. g., from GenBank, NCBI, EMBO, and others. Determination of transmembrane and other important motifs may be predicted using such bioinformatics tools.

Many techniques applicable to IL-10 receptors may be applied to DTLRs, as described, e. g., in USSN 08/110,683 (IL-10 receptor), which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

II. Novel Family of Human Receptors

Abbreviations: DTLR, DNAX Toll-like receptor ; IL-lR, interleukin-1 receptor ; TH, Toll homology; LRR, leucine- rich repeat; EST, expressed sequence tag; STS, sequence tagged site ; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The discovery of sequence homology between the cytoplasmic domains of Drosophila Toll and human interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors has sown the conviction that both molecules trigger related signaling pathways tied to the nuclear translocation of Rel-type transcription factors. This conserved signaling scheme governs an evolutionarily ancient immune response in both insects and vertebrates. We report the molecular cloning' of a novel class of putative human receptors with a protein architecture that is closely similar to Drosophila Toll in both intra-and extra-cellular segments. Five human Toll-like receptors, designated DTLRs 1-5, are likely the direct homologs of the fly molecular', and as such could constitute an important and unrecognized component of innate immunity in humans; intriguingly, the evolutionary retention of DTLRs in vertebrates may indicate another role, akin to Toll in the dorso- ventralization of the Drosophila embryo, as regulators of early morphogenetic patterning. Multiple tissue mRNA blots indicate markedly different patterns of expression for the human DTLRs. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and Sequence-Tagged Site database analyses, we also show that the cognate DTLR genes reside on chromosomes 4 (DTLRs 1,2, and 3), 9 (DTLR4), and 1 (DTLR5). Structure prediction of the aligned Toll- homology (TH) domains from varied insect and human DTLRs, vertebrate IL-1 receptors, and MyD88 factors, and plant disease resistance proteins, recognizes a parallel P/ (X fold with an acidic active site ; a similar structure notably recurs in a class of response regulators broadly involved in transducing sensory information in bacteria.

The seeds of the morphogenetic gulf that so dramatically separates flies from humans are planted in familiar embryonic shapes and patterns, but give rise to very different cell complexities. DeRobertis and Sasai (1996) Nature 380: 37-40; and Arendt and Nubler-Jung (1997) Mech. Develop. 61 : 7-21. This divergence of developmental plans between insects and vertebrates is choreographed by remarkably similar signaling pathways, underscoring a greater conservation of protein networks and biochemical mechanisms from unequal gene repertoires. Miklos and Rubin (1996) Cell 86: 521-529 ; and Chothia (1994) Develop.

1994 Suppl., 27-33. A powerful way to chart the evolutionary design of these regulatory pathways is by inferring their likely molecular components (and biological functions) through interspecies comparisons of protein sequences and structures. Miklos and Rubin (1996) Cell 86: 521-529 ; Chothia (1994) Develop. 1994 Suppl., 27- 33 (3-5) ; and Banfi, et al. (1996) Nature Genet. 13: 167- 174.

A universally critical step in embryonic development is the specification of body axes, either born from innate asymmetries or triggered by external cues. DeRobertis and Sasai (1996) Nature 380: 37-40; and Arendt and Nubler-Jung (1997) Mech. Develop. 61: 7-21. As a model system, particular attention has been focused on the phylogenetic basis and cellular mechanisms of dorsoventral polarization. DeRobertis and Sasai (1996) Nature 380: 37- 40; and Arendt and Nubler-Jung (1997) Mech. Develop. 61: 7- 21. A prototype molecular strategy for this transformation has emerged from the Drosophila embryo, where the sequential action of a small number of genes results in a ventralizing gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal. St. Johnston and Nusslein-Volhard (1992) Cell 68: 201-219; and Morisato-and Anderson (1995) Ann.

Rev. Genet. 29: 371-399.

This signaling pathway centers on Toll, a transmembrane receptor that transduces the binding of a maternally-secreted ventral factor, Spatzle, into the cytoplasmic engagement of Tube, an accessory molecule, and the activation of Pelle, a Ser/Thr kinase that catalyzes the dissociation of Dorsal from the inhibitor Cactus and allows migration of Dorsal to ventral nuclei (Morisato and Anderson (1995) Ann. Rev. Genet. 29: 371-399 ; and Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393- 416. The Toll pathway also controls the induction of potent antimicrobial factors in the adult fly (Lemaitre, et al. (1996) Cell 86: 973-983); this role in Drosophila immune defense strengthens mechanistic parallels to IL-1 pathways that govern a host of immune and inflammatory responses in vertebrates. Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann.

Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12 : 393-416; and Wasserman (1993) Molec. Biol. Cell 4: 767-771. A Toll-related cytoplasmic domain in IL-1 receptors directs the binding of a Pelle- like kinase, IRAK, and the activation of a latent NF-KB/I- KB complex that mirrors the embrace of Dorsal and Cactus.

Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol.

12: 393-416; and Wasserman (1993) Molec. Biol. Cell 4: 767- 771.

We describe the cloning and molecular characterization of four new Toll-like molecules in humans, designated DTLRs 2-5 (following Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop. 47: 225-239), that reveal a receptor family more closely tied to Drosophila Toll homologs than to vertebrate IL-1 receptors. The DTLR sequences are derived from human ESTs ; these partial cDNAs were used to draw complete expression profiles in human tissues for the five DTLRs, map the chromosomal locations of cognate genes, and narrow the choice of cDNA libraries for full- length cDNA retrievals. Spurred by other efforts (Banfi, et al. (1996) Nature Genet. 13: 167-174 ; and Wang, et al.

(1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4468-4476), we are assembling,

by structural conservation and molecular parsimony, a biological system in humans that is the counterpart of a compelling regulatory scheme in Drosophila. In addition, a biochemical mechanism driving Toll signaling is suggested by the proposed tertiary. fold of the Toll- homology (TH) domain, a core module shared by DTLRs, a broad family of IL-1 receptors, mammalian MyD88 factors and. plant disease resistance proteins. Mitcham, et al.

(1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 5777-5783; and Hardiman, et al.

(1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475. We propose that a signaling route coupling morphogenesis and primitive immunity in insects, plants, and animals (Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416 ; and Wilson, et al. (1997) Curr. Biol. 7: 175-178) may have roots in bacterial two-component pathways.

Computational Analysis.

Human sequences related to insect DTLRs were identified from the EST database (dbEST) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the BLAST server (Altschul, et al. (1994) Nature Genet. 6: 119- 129). More sensitive pattern-and profile-based methods ' (Bork and Gibson (1996) Meth. Enzymol. 266 : 162-184) were used to isolate the signaling domains of the DTLR family that are shared with vertebrate and plant proteins present in nonredundant databases. The progressive alignment of DTLR intra-or extracellular domain sequences was carried out by ClustalW (Thompson, et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680); this program also calculated the branching order of aligned sequences by the Neighbor- Joining algorithm (5000 bootstrap replications provided confidence values for the tree groupings).

Conserved alignment patterns, discerned at several degrees of stringency, were drawn by the Consensus program (internet URL http://www. bork. embl- heidelberg. de/Alignment/ consensus. html). The PRINTS

library of protein fingerprints (http://www. biochem. ucl. ac. uk/bsm/dbbrowser/PRINTS/ PRINTS. html) (Attwood, et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.

25: 212-217) reliably identified the. myriad leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) present in the extracellular segments of DTLRs with a compound motif (PRINTS code Leurichrpt) that flexibly matches N-and C-terminal features of divergent LRRs. Two prediction algorithms whose three-state accuracy is above 72% were used to derive a consensus secondary structure for the intracellular domain alignment, as a bridge to fold recognition efforts (Fischer, et al. (1996) FASEB J. 10: 126-136). Both the neural network program PHD (Rost and Sander (1994) Proteins 19: 55-72) and the statistical prediction method DSC (King and Sternberg (1996) Protein Sci. 5: 2298-2310) have internet servers (URLs http://www. embl- heidelberg. de/predictprotein/phd_pred. html and http://bonsai. lif. icnet. uk/bmm/dsc/dscreadalign. html, respectively). The intracellular region encodes the THD region discussed, e. g., in Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475; and Rock, et al. (1998) Proc. Nat'1 Acad. Sci. USA 95: 588-593, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. This domain is very important in the mechanism of signaling by the receptors, which transfers a phosphate group to a substrate.

Cloning of full-length human DTLR cDNAs.

PCR primers derived from the Toll-like Humrsc786 sequence (GenBank accession code D13637) (Nomura, et al.

(1994) DNA Res. 1: 27-35) were used to probe a human erythroleukemic, TF-1 cell line-derived cDNA library (Kitamura, et al. (1989) Blood 73: 375-380) to yield the DTLR1 cDNA sequence. The remaining DTLR sequences were flagged from dbEST, and the relevant EST clones obtained from the I. M. A. G. E. consortium (Lennon, et al. (1996) Genomics 33: 151-152) via Research Genetics (Huntsville,

AL) : CloneID#'s 80633 and 117262 (DTLR2), 144675 (DTLR3), 202057 (DTLR4) and 277229 (DTLR5). Full length cDNAs for human DTLRs 2-4 were cloned by DNA hybridization screening of XgtlO phage, human adult lung, placenta, and fetal liver 5'-Stretch Plus cDNA libraries (Clontech), respectively ; the DTLR5 sequence is derived from a human multiple-sclerosis plaque EST. All positive clones were sequenced and aligned to identify individual DTLR ORFs : DTLR1 (2366 bp clone, 786 aa ORF), DTLR2 (2600 bp, 784 aa), DTLR3 (3029 bp, 904 aa), DTLR4 (3811 bp, 879 aa) and DTLR5 (1275 bp, 370 aa). Similar methods are used for DTLRs 6-10. Probes for DTLR3 and DTLR4 hybridizations were generated by PCR using human placenta (Stratagene) and adult liver (Clontech) cDNA libraries as templates, respectively; primer pairs were derived from the respective EST sequences. PCR reactions were conducted using T. aquaticus Taqplus DNA polymerase (Stratagene) under the following conditions: 1 x (94° C, 2 min) 30 x (55° C, 20 sec; 72° C 30 sec; 94° C 20 sec), 1 x (72° C, 8 min). For DTLR2 full-length cDNA screening, a 900 bp fragment generated by EcoRI/XbaI digestion of the first EST clone (ID# 80633) was used as a probe. mRNA blots and chromosomal localization.

Human multiple tissue (Cat&num 1,2) and cancer cell line blots (Cat# 7757-1), containing approximately 2 jig of poly (A) + RNA per lane, were purchased from Clontech (Palo Alto, CA). For DTLRs 1-4, the isolated full-length cDNAs served as probes, for DTLR5 the EST clone (ID #277229) plasmid insert was used. Briefly, the probes were radiolabeled with [a-32P] dATP using the Amersham Rediprime random primer labeling kit (RPN1633).

Prehybridization and hybridizations were performed at 65° C in 0.5 M Na2HPO4, 7% SDS, 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0). All stringency washes were conducted at 65° C with two initial washes in 2 x SSC, 0. 1% SDS for 40 min followed by a

subsequent wash in 0.1 x SSC, 0. 1% SDS for 20 min.

Membranes were then exposed at-70° C to X-Ray film (Kodak) in the presence of intensifying screens. More detailed studies by cDNA library Southern (14) were performed with selected human DTLR. clones to examine their expression in hemopoietic cell subsets.

Human chromosomal mapping was conducted by the method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as described in Heng and Tsui (1994) Meth. Molec. Biol. 33: 109-122, using the various full-length (DTLRs 2-4) or partial (DTLR5) cDNA clones as probes. These analyses were performed as a service by SeeDNA Biotech Inc. (Ontario, Canada). A search for human syndromes (or mouse defects in syntenic loci) associated with the mapped DTLR genes was conducted in the Dysmorphic Human-Mouse Homology Database by internet server (http://www. hgmp. mrc. ac. uk/DHMHD/ hum chromel. html).

Similar methods nare applicable to DTLRs 6-10.

Conserved architecture of insect and human DTLR ectodomains.

The Toll family in Drosophila comprises at least four distinct gene products: Toll, the prototype receptor involved in dorsoventral patterning of the fly embryo (Morisato and Anderson (1995) Ann. Rev. Genet. 29: 371-399) and a second named'18 Wheeler' (18w) that may also be involved in early embryonic development (Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop. 47: 225-239; Eldon, et al. (1994) Develop. 120: 885-899); two additional receptors are predicted by incomplete, Toll-like ORFs downstream of the male-specific-transcript (Mst) locus (GenBank code X67703) or encoded by the'sequence-tagged-site' (STS) Dm2245 (GenBank code G01378) (Mitcham, et al. (1996) J. Biol.

Chem. 271: 5777-5783). The extracellular segments of Toll and 18w are distinctively composed of imperfect,-24 amino acid LRR motifs (Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop.

47: 225-239 and Eldon, et al. (1994) Develop. 120: 885- 899). Similar tandem arrays of LRRs commonly form the adhesive antennae of varied cell surface molecules and their generic tertiary structure is ;'presumed to mimic the horseshoe-shaped cradle of a ribonuclease inhibitor fold, where seventeen LRRs show a repeating ß hairpin, 28 residue motif (Buchanan and Gay (1996) Prog. Biophys.

Molec. Biol. 65: 1-44). The specific recognition of Spatzle by Toll may follow a model proposed for the binding of cystine-knot fold glycoprotein hormones by the multi-LRR ectodomains of serpentine receptors, using the concave side of the curved P-sheet (Kajava, et al. (1995) Structure 3: 867-877); intriguingly, the pattern of cysteines in Spatzle, and an orphan Drosophila ligand, Trunk, predict a similar cystine-knot tertiary structure (Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol.

12: 393-416; and Casanova, et al. (1995) Genes Develop.

9:2539-2544).

The 22 and 31 LRR ectodomains of Toll and 18w, respectively (the Mst ORF fragment displays 16 LRRs), are most closely related to the comparable 18,19,24, and 22 LRR arrays of DTLRs 1-4 (the incomplete DTLR5 chain presently includes four membrane-proximal LRRs) by sequence and pattern analysis (Altschul, et al. (1994) Nature Genet. 6: 119-129; and Bork and Gibson (1996) Meth.

Enzymol. 266 : 162-184) (Fig. 1). However, a striking difference in the human DTLR chains is the common loss of a-90 residue cysteine-rich region that is variably embedded in the ectodomains of Toll, 18w and the Mst ORF (distanced four, six and two LRRs, respectively, from the membrane boundary). These cysteine clusters are bipartite, with distinct'top' (ending an LRR) and 'bottom' (stacked atop an LRR) halves (Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop. 47: 225-239; Eldon, et al. (1994) Develop. 120: 885-899 ; and Buchanan and Gay (1996) Prog.

Biophys. Molec. Biol. 65: 1-44); the'top'module recurs in

both Drosophila and human DTLRs as a conserved juxtamembrane spacer (Fig. 1). We suggest that the flexibly located cysteine clusters in Drosophila receptors (and other LRR proteins), when mated'top'to'bottom', form a compact module with paired termini that can be inserted between any pair of LRRs without altering the overall fold of DTLR ectodomains; analogous'extruded' domains decorate the structures of other proteins (Russell (1994) Protein Engin. 7: 1407-1410).

Molecular design of the TH signaling domain.

Sequence comparison of Toll and IL-1 type-I (IL-1R1) receptors has disclosed a distant resemblance of a-200 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that presumably mediates signaling by similar Rel-type transcription factors.

Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol.

12: 393-416; and (Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev.

Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416; and Wasserman (1993) Molec. Biol. Cell 4: 767-771). More recent additions to this functional paradigm include a pair of plant disease resistance proteins from tobacco and flax that feature an N-terminal TH module followed by nucleotide-binding (NTPase) and LRR segments (Wilson, et al. (1997) Curr.

Biol. 7: 175-178); by contrast, a'death domain'precedes the TH chain of MyD88, an intracellular myeloid differentiation marker (Mitcham, et al. (1996) J. Biol.

Chem. 271: 5777-5783; and Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475) (Fig'. 1). New IL-1-type receptors include IL-1R3, an accessory signaling molecule, and orphan receptors IL-1R4 (also called ST2/Fit-1/T1), IL-1R5 (IL- 1R-related protein), and IL-1R6 (IL-lR-related protein-2) (Mitcham, et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 5777- 5783; Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475). With the new human DTLR sequences, we have sought a structural definition of this evolutionary thread by analyzing the conformation of the common TH module: ten blocks of

conserved sequence comprising 128 amino acids form the minimal TH domain fold ; gaps in the alignment mark the likely location of sequence and length-variable loops (Fig. 2A-2B).

Two prediction algorithms that take advantage of the patterns of conservation and variation in multiply aligned sequences, PHD (Rost and Sander (1994) Proteins 19: 55-72) and DSC (King and Sternberg (1996) Protein Sci. 5: 2298- 2310), produced strong, concordant results for the TH signaling module (Fig. 2A-2B). Each block contains a discrete secondary structural element: the imprint of alternating (3-strands (labeled A-E) and a-helices (numbered 1-5) is diagnostic of. a (3/a-class fold with (X- helices on both faces of a parallel (3-sheet. Hydrophobic (3-strands A, C and D are predicted to form'interior' staves in the (3-sheet, while the shorter, amphipathic (3- strands B and E resemble typical'edge'units (Fig. 2A- 2B). This assignment is consistent with a strand order of B-A-C-D-E in the core P-sheet (Fig. 2C); fold comparison ('mapping') and recognition ('threading') programs (Fischer, et al. (1996) FASEB J. 10: 126-136) strongly return this doubly wound P/ (x topology. A surprising, functional prediction of this outline structure for tHe TH domain is that many of the conserved, charged residues in the multiple alignment map to the C-terminal end of the P- sheet: residue Aspl6 (block numbering scheme-Fig. 2A-2B) at the end of PA, Arg39 and Asp40 following OB, Glu75 in the first turn of oc3, and the more loosely conserved Glu/Asp residues in the (3D-a4 loop, or after PE (Fig. 2A- 2B). The location of four other conserved residues (Asp7, Glu28, and the Arg57-Arg/Lys58 pair) is compatible with a salt bridge network at the opposite, N-terminal end of the 0-sheet (Fig. 2A-2B). Alignment of the other DTLR embodiments exhibit similar features, and peptide segments comprising these feataures, e. g., 20 amino acid segments containing them, are particularly important.

Signaling function depends on the structural integrity of the TH domain. Inactivating mutations or deletions within the module boundaries (Fig. 2A-2B) have been catalogued for IZ-1R1 and Toll.. Heguy, et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267: 2605-2609 ; Croston, et al. (1995) J.

Biol. Chem. 270 : 16514-16517 ; Schneider, et al. (1991) Genes Develop. 5: 797-807 ; Norris and Manley. (1992) Genes Develop. 6: 1654-1667; Norris and Manley (1995) Genes Develop. 9: 358-369; and Norris and Manley (1996) Genes Develop. 10 : 862-872. The human DTLR1-5 chains extending past the minimal TH domain (8,0,6,22 and 18 residue lengths, respectively) are most closely similar to the stubby, 4 aa'tail'of the Mst ORF. Toll and 18w display' unrelated 102 and 207 residue tails (Fig. 2A-2B) that may negatively regulate the signaling of the fused TH domains.

Norris and Manley (1995) Genes Develop. 9: 358-369; and Norris and Manley (1996) Genes Develop. 10: 862-872.

The evolutionary relationship between the disparate proteins that carry the TH domain can best be discerned by a phylogenetic tree derived from the multiple alignment (Fig. 3). Four principal branches segregate the plant proteins, the MyD88 factors, IL-1 receptors, and Toll-like molecules ; the latter branch clusters the Drosophila and human DTLRs.

Chromosomal dispersal of human DTLR genes.

In order to investigate the genetic linkage of the nascent human DTLR gene family, we mapped the chromosomal loci of four of the five genes by FISH (Fig. 4). The DTLR1 gene has previously been charted by the human genome project: an STS database locus (dbSTS accession number G06709, corresponding to STS WI-7804 or SHGC-12827) exists for the Humrsc786 cDNA (Nomura, et al. (1994) DNA Res.

1: 27-35) and fixes the gene to chromosome 4 marker interval D4S1587-D42405 (50-56 cM) circa 4pl4. This assignment has recently been corroborated by FISH

analysis. Taguchi, et al. (1996) Genomics 32: 486-488. In the present work, we reliably assign the remaining DTLR genes to loci on chromosome 4q32 (DTLR2), 4q35 (DTLR3), 9q32-33 (DTLR4) and lq33. 3 (DTLR5)..'During the course of this work, an STS for the parent DTLR2 EST (cloneID # 80633) has been. generated (dbSTS accession number T57791 for STS SHGC-33147) and maps to the chromosome 4 marker interval D4S424-D4S1548 (143-153 cM) at 4q32-in accord with our findings. There is a-SO cM gap between DTLR2 and DTLR3 genes on the long arm of chromosome 4.

DTLR genes are differentially expressed.

Both Toll and 18w have complex spatial and temporal patterns of expression in Drosophila that may point to functions beyond embryonic patterning. St. Johnston and Nusslein-Volhard (1992) Cell 68: 201-219; Morisato and Anderson (1995) Ann. Rev. Genet. 29: 371-399 ; Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416 ; Lemaitre, et al. (1996) Cell 86 : 973-983 Chiang and Beachy (1994) Mech. Develop. 47: 225-239; and Eldon, et al. (1994) Develop. 120: 885-899. We have examined the spatial distribution of DTLR transcripts by mRNA blot analysis with varied human tissue and cancer cell lines using radiolabeled DTLR cDNAs (Fig. 5). DTLR1 is found to be ubiquitously expressed, and at higher levels than the other receptors. Presumably reflecting alternative splicing,'short'3.0 kB and'long'8. 0 kB DTLR1 transcript forms are present in ovary and spleen, respectively (Fig. 5, panels A and B). A cancer cell mRNA panel also shows the prominent overexpression of DTLR1 in a Burkitt's Lymphoma Raji cell line (Fig. 5, panel C).

DTLR2 mRNA is less widely expressed than DTLR1, with a 4.0 kB species detected in lung and a 4.4 kB transcript evident in heart, brain and muscle. The tissue distribution pattern of DTLR3 echoes that of DTLR2 (Fig.

5, panel E). DTLR3 is also present as two major

transcripts of approximately 4.0 and 6.0 kB in size, and the highest levels of expression are observed in placenta and pancreas. By contrast, DTLR4 and DTLR5 messages appear to be extremely tissue-specific. DTLR4 was detected only in placenta as a single transcript of-7. 0 kB in size. A faint 4.0 kB signal was observed for DTLR5 in ovary and peripheral blood monocytes.

Components of an evolutionarily ancient regulatory system.

The original molecular blueprints and divergent fates of signaling pathways can be reconstructed by comparative genomic approaches. Miklos and Rubin (1996) Cell 86: 521- 529; Chothia (1994) Develop. 1994 Suppl., 27-33; Banfi, et al. (1996) Nature Genet. 13: 167-174; and Wang, et al.

(1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4468-4476. We have used this logic to identify an emergent gene family in humans, encoding five receptor paralogs at present, DTLRs 1-5, that are the direct evolutionary counterparts of a Drosophila gene family headed by Toll (Figs. 1-3). The conserved architecture of human and fly DTLRs, conserved LRR ectodomains and intracellular TH modules (Fig. 1), intimates that the robust pathway coupled to Toll in Drosophila (6,7) survives in vertebrates. The best evidence borrows from a reiterated pathway: the manifold IL-1 system and its repertoire of receptor-fused TH domains, IRAK, NF-KB and I-wB homologs (Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416 ; Wasserman (1993) Molec. Biol. Cell 4: 767-771; Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467-2475; and Cao, et al. (1996) Science 271: 1128-1131); a Tube-like factor has also been characterized. It is not known whether DTLRs can productively couple to the IL-1R signaling machinery, or instead, a parallel set of proteins is used. Differently from IL-1 receptors, the LRR cradle of human DTLRs is predicted to retain an affinity for Spatzle/Trunk-related

cystine-knot factors; candidate DTLR ligands (called PENs) that fit this mold have been isolated.

Biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction can be gauged by the conservation of interacting protein folds in a pathway. Miklos and Rubin (1996) Cell 86: 521-529; Chothia (1994) Develop. 1994 Suppl., 27-33. At present, the Toll signaling paradigm involves some molecules whose roles are narrowly defined by their structures, actions or fates: Pelle is a Ser/Thr kinase (phosphorylation), Dorsal is an NF-KB-like transcription factor (DNA-binding) and Cactus is an ankyrin-repeat inhibitor (Dorsal binding, degradation). Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev. Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416. By contrast, the functions of the Toll TH domain and Tube remain enigmatic. Like other cytokine receptors (Heldin (1995) Cell 80: 213-223), ligand-mediated dimerization of Toll appears to be the triggering event: free cysteines in the juxtamembrane region of Toll create constitutively active receptor pairs (Schneider, et al. (1991) Genes Develop. 5: 797-807), and chimeric Torso-Toll receptors signal as dimers (Galindo, et al. (1995) Develop. 121: 2209-2218); yet, severe truncations or wholesale loss of the Toll ectodomain results in promiscuous intracellular signaling (Norris and Manley (1995) Genes Develop. 9: 358-369 ; and Winans and Hashimoto (1995) Molec. Biol. Cell 6: 587-596), reminiscent of oncogenic receptors with catalytic domains (Heldin (1995) Cell 80: 213-223). Tube is membrane-localized, engages the N-terminal (death) domain of Pelle and is phosphorylated, but neither Toll-Tube or Toll-Pelle interactions are registered by two-hybrid analysis (Galindo, et al. (1995) Develop. 121: 2209-2218 ; and Grophans, et al. (1994) Nature 372: 563-566); this latter result suggests that the conformational'state'of the Toll TH domain somehow affects factor recruitment. Norris and Manley (1996) Genes Develop. 10: 862-872; and Galindo, et al. (1995) Develop. 121: 2209-2218.

At the heart of these vexing issues is the structural nature of the Toll TH module. To address this question, we have taken advantage of the evolutionary diversity of TH sequences from insects, plants and vertebrates, incorporating the human DTLR chains, and extracted the minimal, conserved protein core for structure prediction and fold recognition (Fig. 2). The strongly predicted (P/a) 5 TH domain fold with its asymmetric cluster of acidic residues is topologically identical to the structures of response regulators in bacterial two-component signaling pathways (Volz (1993) Biochemistry 32: 11741-11753 ; and Parkinson (1993) Cell 73: 857-871) (Fig. 2A-2C). The prototype chemotaxis regulator CheY transiently binds a divalent cation in an'aspartate pocket'at the C-end of the core (3-sheet ; this cation provides electrostatic stability and facilitates the activating phosphorylation of an invariant Asp. Volz (1993) Biochemistry 32: 11741- 11753. Likewise, the TH domain may capture cations in its acidic nest, but activation, and downstream signaling, could depend on the specific binding of a negatively charged moiety: anionic ligands can overcome intensely negative binding-site potentials by locking into precise hydrogen-bond networks. Ledvina, et al. (1996) Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 6786-6791. Intriguingly, the TH domain may not simply act as a passive scaffold for the assembly of a Tube/Pelle complex for Toll, or homologous systems in plants and vertebrates, but instead actively participate as a true conformational trigger in the signal transducing machinery. Perhaps explaining the conditional binding of a Tube/Pelle complex, Toll dimerization could promote unmasking, by regulatory receptor tails (Norris and Manley (1995) Genes Develop. 9: 358-369; Norris and Manley (1996) Genes Develop. 10: 862-872), or binding by small molecule activators of the TH pocket. However, 'free'TH modules inside the cell (Norris and Manley (1995) Genes Develop. 9: 358-369; Winans and Hashimoto

(1995) Molec. Biol. Cell 6: 587-596) could act as catalytic, CheY-like triggers by activating and docking with errant Tube/Pelle complexes.

Morphogenetic receptors and immune. defense.

The evolutionary link between insect and vertebrate immune systems is stamped in DNA: genes encoding antimicrobial factors in insects display upstream motifs similar to acute phase response elements known to bind NF- KB transcription factors in mammals. Hultmark (1993) Trends Genet. 9: 178-183. Dorsal, and two Dorsal-related factors, Dif and Relish, help induce these defense proteins after bacterial challenge (Reichhart, et al.

(1993) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 316: 1218-1224 ; Ip, et al.

(1993) Cell 75: 753-763; and Dushay, et al. (1996) Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 10343-10347); Toll, or other DTLRs, likely modulate these rapid immune responses in adult Drosophila (Lemaitre, et al. (1996) Cell 86: 973-983; and Rosetto, et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

209: 111-116). These mechanistic parallels to the IL-1 inflammatory response in vertebrates are evidence of the functional versatility of the Toll signaling pathway, and suggest an ancient synergy between embryonic patterning and innate immunity (Belvin and Anderson (1996) Ann. Rev.

Cell Develop. Biol. 12: 393-416 ; Lemaitre, et al. (1996) Cell 86: 973-983; Wasserman (1993) Molec. Biol. Cell 4: 767- 771; Wilson, et al. (1997) Curr. Biol. 7: 175-178 ; Hultmark (1993) Trends Genet. 9: 178-183; Reichhart, et al. (1993) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 316: 1218-1224; Ip, et al. (1993) Cell 75: 753-763; Dushay, et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad.

Sci. USA 93: 10343-10347 ; Rosetto, et al. (1995) Biochem.

Biophys. Res. Commun. 209: 111-116; Medzhitov and Janeway (1997) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9: 4-9; and Medzhitov and Janeway (1997) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9 : 4-9). The closer homology of insect and human DTLR proteins invites an even stronger overlap of biological functions that supersedes

the purely immune parallels to IL-1 systems, and lends potential molecular regulators to dorso-ventral and other transformations of vertebrate embryos. DeRobertis and Sasai (1996) Nature 380: 37-40 and Arendt and Nubler-Jung (1997) Mech. Develop. 61: 7-21.

The present description of an emergent, robust receptor family in humans mirrors the recent discovery of the vertebrate Frizzled receptors for Wnt patterning factors. Wang, et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4468- 4476. As numerous other cytokine-receptor systems have roles in early development (Lemaire and Kodjabachian (1996) Trends Genet. 12: 525-531), perhaps the distinct cellular contexts of compact embryos and gangly adults simply result in familiar signaling pathways and their diffusible triggers having different biological outcomes at different times, e. g., morphogenesis versus immune defense for DTLRs. For insect, plant, and human Toll- related systems (Hardiman, et al. (1996) Oncogene 13: 2467- 2475 ; Wilson, et al. (1997) Curr. Biol. 7: 175-178), these signals course through a regulatory TH domain that intriguingly resembles a bacterial transducing engine (Parkinson (1993) Cell 73: 857-871).

In particular, the DTLR6 exhibits structural features which establish its membership in the family. Moreover, members of the family have been implicated in a number of significant developmental disease conditions and with function of the innate immune system. In particular, the DTLR6 has been mapped to the X chromosome to a location which is a hot spot for major developmental abnormalities.

See, e. g., The Sanger Center: human X chromosome website http://www. sanger. ac. uk/HGP/ChrX/index. shtml ; and the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing website http://gc. bcm. tmc. edu: 8088/cgi-bin/seq/home.

The accession number for the deposited PAC is AC003046. This accession number contains sequence from two PACs: RPC-164K3 and RPC-263P4. These two PAC

sequences mapped on human chromosome Xp22 at the Baylor web site between STS markers DXS704 and DXS7166. This region is a"hot spot"for severe developmental abnormalities.

III. Amplification of DTLR fragment by PCR Two appropriate primer sequences are selected (see Tables 1 through 10). RT-PCR is used on an appropriate mRNA sample selected for the presence of message to produce a partial or full length cDNA, e. g., a sample which expresses the gene. See, e. g., Innis, et al. (eds.

1990) PCR Protocols : A Guide to Methods and Applications Academic Press, San Diego, CA ;. and Dieffenbach and Dveksler (eds. 1995) PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Press, CSH, NY. Such will allow determination of a useful sequence to probe for a full length gene in a cDNA library. The DTLR6 is a contiguous sequence in the genome, which may suggest that the other DTLRs are also. Thus, PCR on genomic DNA may yield full length contiguous sequence, and chromosome walking methodology would then be applicable. Alternatively, sequence databases will contain sequence corresponding to portions of the described embodiments, or closely related forms, e. g., alternative splicing, etc. Expression cloning techniques also may be applied on cDNA libraries.

IV. Tissue distribution of DTLRs Message for each gene encoding these DTLRs has been detected. See Figures 5A-5F. Other cells and tissues will be assayed by appropriate technology, e. g., PCR, immunoassay, hybridization, or otherwise. Tissue and organ cDNA preparations are available, e. g., from Clontech, Mountain View, CA. Identification of sources of natural expression are useful, as described.

Southern Analysis: DNA (5 jug) from a primary amplifie cDNA library is digested with appropriate restriction

enzymes to release the inserts, run on a 1% agarose gel and transferred to a nylon membrane (Schleicher and Schuell, Keene, NH).

Samples for human mRNA isolation would typically include, e. g. : peripheral blood mononuclear cells (monocytes, T cells, NK cells, granulocytes, B cells), resting (T100) ; peripheral blood mononuclear cells, activated with anti-CD3 for 2,6,12 h pooled (T101) ; T cell, THO clone Mot 72, resting (T102) ; T cell, THO clone Mot 72, activated with anti-CD28 and anti-CD3 for 3,6,12 h pooled (T103) ; T cell, THO clone Mot 72, anergic treated with specific peptide for 2,7,12 h pooled (T104) ; T cell, TH1 clone HY06, resting (T107) ; T cell, TH1 clone HY06, activated with anti-CD28 and anti-CD3 for 3,6,12 h pooled (T108) ; T cell, TH1 clone HY06, anergic treated with specific peptide for 2,6,12 h pooled (T109) ; T cell, TH2 clone HY935, resting (T110) ; T cell, TH2 clone HY935, activated with anti-CD28 and anti-CD3 for 2,7,12 h pooled (T111) ; T cells CD4+CD45RO-T cells polarized 27 days in anti-CD28, IL-4, and anti IFN-y, TH2 polarized, activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 4 h (T116) ; T cell tumor lines Jurkat and Hut78, resting (T117) ; T cell clones, pooled AD130.2, Tc783.12, Tc783.13, Tc783.58, Tc782.69, resting (T118) ; T cell random y8 T cell clones, resting (T119) ; Splenocytes, resting (B100) ; Splenocytes, activated with anti-CD40 and IL-4 (B101) ; B cell EBV lines pooled WT49, RSB, JY, CVIR, 721.221, RM3, HSY, resting (B102) ; B cell line JY, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1,6 h pooled (B103) ; NK 20 clones pooled, resting (K100) ; NK 20 clones pooled, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 6 h (K101) ; NKL clone, derived from peripheral blood of LGL leukemia patient, IL-2 treated (K106) ; NK cytotoxic clone 640-A30-1, resting (K107) i hematopoietic precursor line TF1, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1,6 h pooled (C100) ; U937 premonocytic line, resting (M100) ; U937 premonocytic line, activated

with PMA and ionomycin for 1, 6 h pooled (M101) ; elutriated monocytes, activated with LPS, IFNy, anti-IL-10 for 1,2,6,12,24 h pooled (M102) ; elutriated monocytes, activated with LPS, IFN7, IL-10 for. 1, 2,6,12,24 h pooled (M103) ; elutriated monocytes, activated with LPS, IFNy, anti-IL-10. for 4,16 h pooled (M106) ; elutriated monocytes, activated with LPS, IFNy, IL-10 for 4,16 h pooled (M107) ; elutriated monocytes, activated LPS for 1 h (M108) ; elutriated monocytes, activated LPS for 6 h (M109) ; DC 70% CDla+, from CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days, resting (D101) ; DC 70% CDla+, from CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1 hr (D102) ; DC 70% CDla+, from CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 6 hr (D103) ; DC 95% CDla+, from CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days FACS sorted, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1,6 h pooled (D104) ; DC 95% CD14+, ex CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days FACS sorted, activated with PMA and ionomycin 1,6 hr pooled (D105) ; DC CDla+ CD86+, from CD34+ GM-CSF, TNFa 12 days FACS sorted, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1, 6 h pooled (D106) ; DC from monocytes GM-CSF, IL-4 5 days, resting (D107) ; DC from monocytes GM- CSF, IL-4 5 days, resting (D108) ; DC from monocytes GM- CSF, IL-4 5 days, activated LPS 4,16 h pooled (D109) ; DC from monocytes GM-CSF, IL-4 5 days, activated TNFa, monocyte supe for 4,16 h pooled (D110) ; leiomyoma Lll benign tumor (X101) ; normal myometrium M5 (0115); malignant leiomyosarcoma GS1 (X103) ; lung fibroblast sarcoma line MRC5, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1, 6 h pooled (C101) ; kidney epithelial carcinoma cell line CHA, activated with PMA and ionomycin for 1,6 h pooled (C102) ; kidney fetal 28 wk male (0100) ; lung fetal 28 wk male (0101) ; liver fetal 28 wk male (0102) ; heart fetal 28 wk male (0103); brain fetal 28 wk male (0104) ; gallbladder fetal 28 wk male (0106); small intestine fetal 28 wk male (0107) ; adipose tissue fetal 28 wk male (0108); ovary fetal 25 wk female (0109) ; uterus fetal 25 wk female

(0110) ; testes fetal 28 wk male (0111) ; spleen fetal 28 wk male (0112) ; adult placenta 28 wk (0113) ; and tonsil inflamed, from 12 year old (X100).

Samples for mouse mRNA isolation can include, e. g. : resting mouse fibroblastic L cell line (C200) ; Braf: ER (Braf fusion to. estrogen receptor) transfected cells, control (C201); T cells, TH1 polarized (Mell4 bright, CD4+ cells from spleen, polarized for. 7 days with IFN-and anti IL-4 ; T200); T cells, TH2 polarized (Mell4 bright, CD4+ cells from spleen, polarized for 7 days with IL-4 and anti-IFN-y ; T201); T cells, highly TH1 polarized (see Openshaw, et al. (1995) J. Exp. Med. 182: 1357-1367; activated with anti-CD3 for 2,6,16 h pooled ; T202) ; T cells, highly TH2 polarized (see Openshaw, et al. (1995) J. Exp. Med. 182: 1357-1367; activated with anti-CD3 for 2, 6,16 h pooled ; T203) ; CD44-CD25+ pre T cells, sorted from thymus (T204); TH1 T cell clone Dl. 1, resting for 3 weeks after last stimulation with antigen (T205); TH1 T cell clone D1. 1, 10 pg/ml ConA stimulated 15 h (T206) ; TH2 T cell clone CDC35, resting for 3 weeks after last stimulation with antigen (T207); TH2 T cell clone CDC35, 10 Rg/ml ConA stimulated 15 h (T208); Mell4+ naive T cells from spleen, resting (T209); Mell4+ T cells, polarized to Th1 with IFN-y/IL-12/anti-IL-4 for 6,12,24 h pooled (T210); Mell4+ T cells, polarized to Th2 with IL-4/anti- IFN-y for 6,13,24 h pooled (T211); unstimulated mature B cell leukemia cell line A20 (B200) ; unstimulated B cell line CH12 (B201); unstimulated large B cells from spleen (B202); B cells from total spleen, LPS activated (B203) ; metrizamide enriched dendritic cells from spleen, resting (D200); dendritic cells from bone marrow, resting (D201) ; monocyte cell line RAW 264.7 activated with LPS 4 h (M200); bone-marrow macrophages derived with GM and M-CSF (M201); macrophage cell line J774, resting (M202) ; macrophage cell line J774 + LPS + anti-IL-10 at 0.5,1,3, 6,12 h pooled (M203); macrophage cell line J774 + LPS +

IL-10 at 0. 5, 1,3,5,12 h pooled (M204); aerosol challenged mouse lung tissue, Th2 primers, aerosol OVA challenge 7,14,23 h pooled (see Garlisi, et al. (1995) Clinical Immunology and Immunopatholbgy 75: 75-83 ; X206) ; Nippostrongulus-infected lung tissue (see Coffman, et al.

(1989) Science 245 : 308-310; X200) ; total adult lung, normal (0200); total lung, rag-1 (see Schwarz, et al.

(1993) Immunodeficiency 4: 249-252; 0205); IL-10 K. O. spleen (see Kuhn, et al. (1991) Cell 75: 263-274; X201); total adult spleen, normal (0201); total spleen, rag-1 (0207); IL-10 K. O. Peyer's patches (0202); total Peyer's patches, normal (0210); IL-10 K. O. mesenteric lymph nodes (X203) ; total mesenteric lymph nodes, normal (0211); IL- 10 K. O. colon (X203); total colon, normal (0212) ; NOD mouse pancreas (see Makino, et al. (1980) Jikken Dobutsu 29 : 1-13 ; X205); total thymus, rag-1 (0208); total kidney, rag-1 (0209); total heart, rag-1 (0202); total brain, rag- 1 (0203); total testes, rag-1 (0204); total liver, rag-1 (0206) ; rat normal joint tissue (0300); and rat arthritic joint tissue (X300).

The DTLR10 has been found to be highly expressed in precursor dendritic cell type 2 (pDC2). See, e. g., Rissoan, et al. (1999) Science 283 : 1183-1186; and Siegal, et al. (1999) Science 284: 1835-1837. However, it is not expressed on monocytes. The restricted expression of DTLR10 reinforces the suggestions of a role for the receptor in host immune defense. The pDC2 cells are natural interferon producing cells (NIPC), which produce large amounts of IFNa in response to Herpes simplex virus infection.

V. Cloning of species counterparts of DTLRs Various strategies are used to obtain species counterparts of these DTLRs, preferably from other primates. One method is by cross hybridization using closely related species DNA probes. It may be useful to go into evolutionarily similar species as intermediate

steps. Another method is by using specific PCR primers based on the identification of blocks of similarity or difference between particular species, e. g., human, genes, e. g., areas of highly conserved or nonconserved polypeptide or nucleotide sequence : Alternatively, antibodies may be used for expression cloning.

VI. Production of mammalian DTLR protein An appropriate, e. g., GST, fusion construct is engineered for expression, e. g., in E. coli. For example, a mouse IGIF pGex plasmid is constructed and transformed into E. coli. Freshly transformed cells are grown in LB medium containing 50 pg/ml ampicillin and induced with IPTG (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). After overnight induction, the bacteria are harvested and the pellets containing the DTLR protein are isolated. The pellets are homogenized in TE buffer (50 mM Tris-base pH 8.0,10 mM EDTA and 2 mM pefabloc) in 2 liters. This material is passed through a microfluidizer (Microfluidics, Newton, MA) three times.

The fluidized supernatant is spun down on a Sorvall GS-3 rotor for 1 h at 13,000 rpm. The resulting supernatant containing the DTLR protein'is filtered and passed over a glutathione-SEPHAROSE column equilibrated in 50 mM Tris- base pH 8.0. The fractions containing the DTLR-GST fusion protein are pooled and cleaved with thrombin (Enzyme Research Laboratories, Inc., South Bend, IN). The cleaved pool is then passed over a Q-SEPHAROSE column equilibrated in 50 mM Tris-base. Fractions containing DTLR are pooled and diluted in cold distilled H20, to lower the conductivity, and passed back over a fresh Q-Sepharose column, alone or in succession with an immunoaffinity antibody column.. Fractions containing the DTLR protein are pooled, aliquoted, and stored in the-70° C freezer.

Comparison of the CD spectrum with DTLR1 protein may suggest that the protein is correctly folded. See Hazuda, et al. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1689-1693.

VII. Biological Assays with DTLRs Biological assays will generally be directed to the ligand binding feature of the protein or to the kinase/phosphatase activity of the receptor. The activity will typically be reversible, as are many other enzyme actions, and will mediate phosphatase or phosphorylase activities, which activities are easily measured by standard procedures. See, e. g., Hardie, et al. (eds.

1995) The Protein Kinase FactBook vols. I and II, Academic Press, San Diego, CA; Hanks, et al. (1991) Meth. Enzymol.

200: 38-62; Hunter, et al. (1992) Cell 70: 375-388; Lewin (1990) Cell 61: 743-752 ; Pines, et al. (1991) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 56: 449-463; and Parker, et al.

(1993) Nature 363: 736-738.

The family of interleukin ls contains molecules, each of which is an important mediator of inflammatory disease.

For a comprehensive review, see Dinarello (1996)"Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease"Blood 87: 2095-2147.

There are suggestions that the various Toll ligands may play important roles in the initiation of disease, particularly inflammatory responses. The finding of novel proteins related to the IL-1 family furthers the identification of molecules that provide the molecular basis for initiation of disease and allow for the development of therapeutic strategies of increased range and efficacy.

VIII. Preparation of antibodies specific for, e. g., DTLR4 Inbred Balb/c mice are immunized intraperitoneally with recombinant forms of the protein, e. g., purified DTLR4 or stable transfected NIH-3T3 cells. Animals are boosted at appropriate time points with protein, with or without additional adjuvant, to further stimulate antibody production. Serum is collected, or hybridomas produced with harvested spleens.

Alternatively, Balb/c mice are immunized with cells transformed with the gene or fragments thereof, either endogenous or exogenous cells, or with isolated membranes enriched for expression of the antigen. Serum is collected at the appropriate time,. typically after numerous further administrations. Various gene therapy techniques may be useful, e. g., in producing protein in situ, for generating an immune response.

Monoclonal antibodies may be made. For example, splenocytes are fused with an appropriate fusion partner and hybridomas are selected in growth medium by standard procedures. Hybridoma supernatants are screened for the presence of antibodies which bind to the desired DTLR, e. g., by ELISA or other assay. Antibodies which specifically recognize specific DTLR embodiments may also be selected or prepared.

In another method, synthetic peptides or purified protein are presented to an immune system to generate monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. See, e. g., Coligan (1991) Current Protocols in Immunology Wiley/Greene ; and Harlow and Lane (1989) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Press. In appropriate situations, the binding reagent is either labeled as described above, e. g., fluorescence or otherwise, or immobilized to a substrate for panning methods. Nucleic acids may also be introduced into cells in an animal to produce the antigen, which serves to elicit an immune response. See, e. g., Wang, et al. (-1993) Proc. Nat'1. Acad. Sci. 90: 4156-4160 ; Barry, et al. (1994) BioTechniques 16: 616-619 ; and Xiang, et al. (1995) Immunity 2: 129-135.

IX. Production of fusion proteins with, e. g., DTLR5 Various fusion constructs are made with DTLR5. This portion of the gene is fused to an epitope tag, e. g., a FLAG tag, or to a two hybrid system construct. See, e. g., Fields and Song (1989) Nature 340: 245-246.

The epitope tag may be used in an expression cloning procedure with detection with anti-FLAG antibodies to detect a binding partner, e. g., ligand for the respective DTLR5. The two hybrid system may also be used to isolate proteins which specifically bind to DTLR5.

X. Chromosomal mapping of DTLRs Chromosome spreads are prepared. In situ hybridization is performed on chromosome preparations obtained from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes cultured for 72 h. 5-bromodeoxyuridine is added for the final seven hours of culture (60 pg/ml of medium), to ensure a posthybridization chromosomal banding of good quality.

An appropriate fragment, e. g., a PCR fragment, amplified with the help of primers on total B cell cDNA template, is cloned into an appropriate vector. The vector is labeled by nick-translation with 3H. The radiolabeled probe is hybridized to metaphase spreads as described in Mattei, et al. (1985) Hum. Genet. 69: 327-331.

After coating with nuclear track emulsion (KODAK NTB2), slides are exposed, e. g., for 18 days at 4° C. To avoid any slipping of silver grains during the banding procedure, chromosome spreads are first stained with buffered Giemsa solution and metaphase photographed. R- banding is then performed by the fluorochrome-photolysis- Giemsa (FPG) method and metaphases rephotographed before analysis.

Alternatively, FISH can be performed, as described above. The DTLR genes are located on different chromosomes. DTLR2 and DTLR3 are localized to human chromosome 4 ; DTLR4 is localized to human chromosome 9, and DTLR5 is localized to human chromosome 1. See Figures 4A-4D.

XI. Structure activity relationship Information on the criticality of particular residues is determined using standard procedures and analysis.

Standard mutagenesis analysis is performed, e. g., by generating many different variants. at determined positions, e. g., at the positions identified above, and evaluating biological activities of the variants. This may be performed to the extent of determining positions which modify activity, or to focus on specific positions to determine the residues which can be substituted to either retain, block, or modulate biological activity.

Alternatively, analysis of natural variants can indicate what positions tolerate natural mutations. This may result from populational analysis of variation among individuals, or across strains or species. Samples from selected individuals are analyzed, e. g., by PCR analysis and sequencing. This allows evaluation of population polymorphisms.

XI. Isolation of a ligand for a DTLR A DTLR can be used as a specific binding reagent to identify its binding partner, by taking advantage of its specificity of binding, much like an antibody would be used. A binding reagent is either labeled as described above, e. g., fluorescence or otherwise, or immobilized to a substrate for panning methods.

The binding composition is used to screen an expression library made from a cell line which expresses a binding partner, i. e., ligand, preferably membrane associated. Standard staining techniques are used to detect or sort surface expressed ligand, or surface expressing transformed cells are screened by panning.

Screening of intracellular expression is performed by various staining or immunofluorescence procedures. See also McMahan, et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10: 2821-2832.

For example, on day 0, precoat 2-chamber permanox slides with 1 ml per chamber of fibronectin, 10 ng/ml in PBS, for 30 min at room temperature. Rinse once with PBS.

Then plate COS cells at 2-3 x 105 cells per chamber in 1. 5 ml of growth media. Incubate overnight at 37 C.

On day 1 for each sample, prepare 0.5 ml of a solution of 66 gg/ml DEAE-dextran, 66 RM chloroquine, and 4 J. g DNA in serum free DME. For each set, a positive control is prepared, e. g., of DTLR-FLAG cDNA at 1 and 1/200 dilution, and a negative mock. Rinse cells with serum free DME. Add the DNA solution and incubate 5 hr at 37° C. Remove the medium and add 0.5 ml 10% DMSO in DME for 2.5 min. Remove and wash once with DME. Add 1.5 ml growth medium and incubate overnight.

On day 2, change the medium. On days 3 or 4, the cells are fixed and stained. Rinse the cells twice with Hank's Buffered Saline Solution (HBSS) and fix in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)/glucose for 5 min. Wash 3X with HBSS. The slides may be stored at-80° C after all liquid is removed. For each chamber, 0.5 ml incubations are performed as follows. Add HBSS/saponin (0.1%) with 32 Rl/ml of 1 M NaN3 for 20 min. Cells are then washed with HBSS/saponin 1X. Add appropriate DTLR or DTLR/antibody complex to cells and incubate for 30 min. Wash cells twice with HBSS/saponin. If appropriate, add first antibody for 30 min. Add second antibody, e. g., Vector anti-mouse antibody, at 1/200 dilution, and incubate for 30 min. Prepare ELISA solution, e. g., Vector Elite ABC horseradish peroxidase solution, and preincubate for 30 min. Use, e. g., 1 drop of solution A (avidin) and 1 drop solution B (biotin) per 2.5 ml HBSS/saponin. Wash cells twice with HBSS/saponin. Add ABC HRP solution and incubate for 30 min. Wash cells twice with HBSS, second wash for 2 min, which closes cells. Then add Vector diaminobenzoic acid (DAB) for 5 to 10 min. Use 2 drops of buffer plus 4 drops DAB plus 2 drops of H2°2 per 5 ml of

glass distilled water. Carefully remove chamber and rinse slide in water. Air dry for a few minutes, then add 1 drop of Crystal Mount and a cover slip. Bake for 5 min at 85-90° C..

Evaluate positive staining of. pools and progressively subclone to isolation of single genes responsible for the binding.

Alternatively, DTLR reagents are used to affinity purify or sort out cells expressing a putative ligand.

See, e. g., Sambrook, et al. or Ausubel, et al.

Another strategy is to screen for a membrane bound receptor by panning. The receptor cDNA is constructed as described above. The ligand can be immobilized and used to immobilize expressing cells. Immobilization may be achieved by use of appropriate antibodies which recognize, e. g., a FLAG sequence of a DTLR fusion construct, or by use of antibodies raised against the first antibodies.

Recursive cycles of selection and amplification lead to enrichment of appropriate clones and eventual isolation of receptor expressing clones.

Phage expression libraries can be screened by mammalian DTLRs. Appropriate label techniques, e. g., anti-FLAG antibodies, will allow specific labeling of appropriate clones.

All citations herein are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

Many modifications and variations of this invention can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only, and the invention is to be limited by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled; and the invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments that have been presented herein by way of example.

Humans have two distinct types of dendritic cell (DC) precursors. Peripheral blood monocytes (pDC1) give rise to immature myeloid DCs after culturing with GMCSF and IL- 4. These immature cells become mature myeloid DCs (DC1) after stimulation with CD40 ligand (CD40L). The CD4+CD3- CDllc-plasmacytoid cells (pDC2) from blood or tonsils give rise to a distinct type of immature DC after culture with IL-3, and differentiate into mature DCs (DC2) after CD40L stimulation. Rissoan, et al. (1999) Science 283: 1183-1186.

Siegal, et al. (1999) Science 284: 1835-1837, show that pDC2 is the"Natural Interferon Producing Cell" (IPC). Interferons (IFNs) are the most important cytokines in antiviral immune responses."Natural IFN- producing cells" (NIPCs) in human blood express CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class II proteins, but have not been isolated and further characterized because of their rarity, rapid apoptosis, and lack of lineage markers. Purified NIPCs are here shown to be the CD4 (+) CDllc- type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2s), which produce 200 to 1000 times more IFN than other blood cells after microbial challenge. pDC2s are thus an effector cell type of the immune system, critical for antiviral and antitumor immune responses. They are implicated as important cells in HIV infected patients Toll-like receptor (TLR) molecules belong to the IL- 1/Toll receptor family. Ligands for TLR2 and TLR4 have been identified, and their functions are related to the host immune response to microbial antigen or injury.

Takeuchi, et al. (1999) Immunity 11: 443-451; and Noshino, et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162: 3749-3752. The pattern of expression of TLRs seem to be restricted. Muzio, et al.

(2000) J. Immunol. 164: 5998-6004. With these findings that: i) TLR10 is highly expressed and restricted in pDC2s, and ii) pDC2 is the NIPC, it is likely that TLR10 will play an important role in the host's innate immune response.