AREA OF APPLICATION

The invention refers to hydro-automatic filters and gates which will be used in pumping pipelines, and in mechanical water treatment, with pressure regulation, with prevention of leakages during failures and old water mains, and as small-and large- diameter gates.

CONDITION OF EQUIPMENT IN THE PAST

There are filters with grids and disks with manual and electric flush, regulators with membranes for small and medium-sized diameters, air-vent valves with floats and electric water-hammer arresters.

The shortcomings of the decisions common so far are: the filters are with manual and electric flush of the grids and disks. The regulators have small and medium-sized diameters and the membrane is likely to be clogged with deposits. They cannot be used in turn-cocks. Those used for regulating lower pressure and prevention of leakage during a failure are electric.

The air vent valves use floats, which restricts their diameter's size. Water- hammer arresters, too, are used for small diameters, and those which prevent the first and second part of the hydraulic stroke are electric.

TECHNICAL ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The invention is intended to design a filter for mechanical water treatment, running hydro-automatically and a regulator of the higher and lower pressure for prevention of leakage during a failure, serves as a turn-cock, and water hammer arresters for small and medium-sized diameters.

According to the invention:

Option one - hydro-automatic filter

The hydro-automatic filter consists of a composite piston designed from and upper ring-shaped part, connected through radial ribs with a cup. There is a middle cone with a bolt on the bottom to which a closing cylinder with a gap is fixed. It moves around an immobile piston, leaning on a lower flange. It has a flushing aperture and a pipe leading to the drainage. The composite piston is placed in a water-permeable gap under the flange. It has a small and central aperture. A cylindrical grid with a disk filter moves around it. It's fixed down to a ring-shaped part, and its upper part is fixed to a cylindrical shutter. It consists of an internal short pipe, running inside a ring- shaped flange which blocks the round aperture from the incoming and outgoing pipe.

Option two - pressure regulator

An upper flange is put in place of a middle flange, and the composite piston is in whole size, from hard fixed upper ring-shaped part through radial ribs and a widened rib with control device, consisting of a cylindrical aperture with a cone bed and an inclined aperture. Above them in an upper flange is a slot with a nut, going out of the wall of the pressure regulator.

A bolt with a water-tight cylinder and an arc welding grid move inside a cylindrical aperture, and a small cone above. They rise and fall hydraulically, and if needed, with a lever through a perpendicular bolt with a handle. The large pressure regulators are controlled by small pressure regulators, placed on an outer pipe, connecting nut with an output pipeline. Option three Vertical gate

It is a widened piston which has an upper permeable gap, and a lower narrow part. The water comes through a pipe and goes out through a lower aperture. It has the same controlling device, the cylindrical aperture being shorter, and the bolt has a lower curve.

In the thick flange an inclined slot and a vertical aperture are made, from which a perpendicular bolt with a handle comes out. A large vertical gate is controlled by a small one, placed in its upper part with a short pipe. The perpendicular bolt with a handle is turned manually or through a vertical rod from a float along lower water level. And on upper level on the upper leveler through a balance lever with a weight. It is lifted by a small hydraulic press, fed by a curved pipe by the input pipe. In the case of a very large vertical gate, a middle vertical gate of the same type is taken, controlled by a small front vertical gate. An upper bolt restricts the degree of opening of the widened piston.

Option four - an air vent valve- water-hammer arrester

It is mounted over a main pipeline by a vertical pipe. In the upper small cylinder is a widened piston. It has a water permeable gap and a narrow lower part. Beneath them is a metal disk, lying on a cylinder, heavier than water. It is fixed to a screw carrying a small cone under a cone bed with an aperture. They are controlled manually by a round nut.

The invention's advantages are as follows: more efficient, no electricity. Three devices - a filter, pressure regulator and an air vent valve replace six ones: upper pressure regulator, lower pressure regulator, filter, turn-cock, air vent valve, water hammer arrester. The filter cleans itself even when it clogs up little, and the pressure change is little. Thus consumption is not hindered, and deposits do not get stuck in the grid, they wash away quickly and reliably. The regulators and gates are controlled consecutively by smaller diameters of the same type. In this way they are controlled directly and remotely with very little effort, manually, on lower level with floats and small hydraulic presses on the dam's upper level. They tackle floods, via the hydro- automatic control of the dam's upper level, and the lower water level, which prevents the rise of the level and floods. As they have different water permeable gaps, they allow easy operation in various temperatures and deposits. They are controlled manually with floats, hydraulic presses, and remotely, by electromagnets.

FIGURE DESCRIPTION

Fig. 1 - longitudinal section through the hydro-automatic filter

Fig. 2 - A-A cross section from fig. 1

Fig. 3 - B-B cross section from fig. 1

Fig. 4 - C-C cross section from fig. 1

Fig. 5 - longitudinal section through pressure regulator

Fig. 6 - D-D cross section from fig.5

Fig. 7 - E-E cross section from fig. 5

Fig. 8 - longitudinal section through large pressure regulator

Fig. 9 - detail A of controlling device

Fig. 10 - longitudinal section through vertical gate

Fig. 11 - detail B of controlling device

Fig. 12 - GG cross section through from fig. 10

Fig. 13 - longitudinal section through large vertical gate

Fig. 14 - H-H cross section from fig. 13

Fig. 15 - longitudinal section through air vent valve water hammer arrester Fig. 16. K-K cross section from fig.15

Fig. 17 - L-L cross section from fig.15

MODEL EXECUTION

Option one - The hydro-automatic filter 1 consists of a composite piston 2, designed from an upper ring-shaped part 3, connected through radial ribs 4 with a cup 5. It has a middle cone 6 with a bolt 7, to which a closing cylinder 9 is fixed with a gap. It moves around an immobile piston 10, lying on a lower flange 12. It has a flush aperture 13 and a screwed outgoing pipe 14 to the drainage. Composite piston 2 is placed in a water-permeable gap 11 under a middle flange 15. It has small apertures 6 and a central aperture 7. A cylindrical grid 18 with a disk filter moves around it. It is screwed down to a ring-shaped part 3, and up to a cylindrical shutter 20. It consists of an internal pipe 21 and a short external pipe 22, moving inside a ring-shaped flange 23, barring a round aperture 24 from input pipe 25 and output pipe 26.

Option two pressure regulator 27

In the place of the middle flange 15 an upper flange 28 is placed, and the composite piston 2 is whole, of hard connected upper ring-shaped part 3 through radial ribs 4 and a widened rib 29 with a control device 30, consisting of a cylindrical aperture 32 with a cone bed 33 and an inclined aperture 34. Above them in an upper flange28 is a slot 35 with a nut 36, coming out of the wall of the pressure regulator 27.

A bolt 37 with a tight cylinder and an arc welded grid 39 move inside a cylindrical aperture 32, and up is a small cone 40. They rise and fall hydraulically, and if needed, with a lever 41 through a perpendicular bolt with a handle 42. The large pressure regulators 43 are controlled by small pressure regulators 27, placed on an external pipe 44, fixing nut 36 with an output pipeline 45.

Option three - vertical gate 46

It has a widened piston 47 with an upper water-permeable gap 11 and a lower narrow part 48. The water enters the input pipe 50 and goes out through a lower aperture 51. It has the same control device 30, with the cylindrical aperture 31 being shorter, and bolt 37 has a lower curve.

In a thick flange 52 are made an inclined slot 53 and a vertical aperture 54, from which a perpendicular bolt with a handle 42. A large vertical gate 55 is controlled by a small one 46, placed in its upper part on a short pipe 56. A perpendicular bolt with a handle 42 is turned manually or through a vertical rod 57 by a float 58 on lower water level 59. And on upper water level 60 of the upper leveler through a balance lever 61 with a weight 62. It is lifted by a small hydraulic press 63, fed by a curved pipe 64 from an input pipe 50. In case of a very large vertical gate 65, a middle vertical gate 66 of the same type is accepted, controlled by a front small vertical gate 46. An upper bold 67 limits the degree of opening of a widened piston 47.

Option four - an air vent valve- water-hammer arrester

It is mounted on. a main pipeline 69 by a vertical pipe 70. In the upper small cylinder 71 is a widened piston 47. It has a water permeable gap 11 and a narrow lower part 48. Beneath them is a metal disk 72, lying on a cylinder 73, heavier than water. It is fixed to screw 74, carrying a small cone 40 under a cone bed 33 with an aperture 75. They are controlled manually by a round nut 76. APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

Option one - hydro-automatic filter 1

The hydro-automatic filter works as follows: the water enters input pipe 25 in a cylindrical grid 18, passes horizontally through it and disk filter 19. Cleared of deposits, it moves back around them to open cylindrical shutter 20. It passes between an internal pipe 21 and a short external pipe 22 and through a round aperture 23, and a ring-shaped flange 24 goes to an output pipe 26 for consumption. In the event of clogging with deposits of the cylindrical grid 18 and disk filter 19, the pressure after them falls from 5-8%, passing through small apertures 16 above ring- shaped part 3 of the closed composite piston 2. The higher pressure in the lower level lifts it up a little together with middle cone 6. Gap 8 increases and the pressure above the mobile pistonlO. The resulting force of the increased surface now opens more through bolt 7, closing cylinder 9. A lift of composite piston 2 follows together with a cylindrical grid 18, stretching of disk filter 19, and closing of cylindrical shutter 20. At a high longitudinal speed the water flushes the cylindrical grid 18, and the disk filter 19. The deposits are carried away between radial ribs 4 under closing cylinder 9 through flush aperture 13 and outgoing pipe 14 in the drainage. The closed cylindrical shutter 20 increases the pressure after disk filter 19 and above composite piston 2. It is lowered a little, middle cone 6 and gap 8 close. From the filtration around immobile piston 10 the pressure above it falls, causing reduction of the resulting force down and close of the composite piston 2. The process is repeated after a certain cycle, depending on the amount of deposits and the diameter of middle cone 6. The reduced pressure can be assigned this way upon opening and flushing, preventing deposits from clogging grid 18 and disk filter 19 and their easy and fast flushing with little water without hindering consumption. The capacity changes from 3-5%, which allows the volume to be determined with regard to time.

Option two - pressure regulator 27

Composite piston 2 is open in working mode because the pressure above it is lower, equal to the output one in output pipe 45, transmitted through inclined aperture 34 in control device 30. Bolt 37 stands up lifted by tight cylinder 38 together with arc welding grid 39 and a small cone 40, with control lever 41 turned in advance, with a perpendicular bolt with a handle 42.

The regulation of the upper pressure comes from the difference between the pressure above the upper ring-shaped part 3 and in output pipe 14, determining the opening of closing cylinder 9.

Regulation of the lower pressure. In the event of a failure or greater reduction of the pressure in the output pipe 45, the speed rises through the arc welded grid 39 and around cone 40, which together with bolt 37 with tight cylinder 38 falls in a cone bed 33 and closes.

The filtration of the water through the water permeable gap 11 puts up the water pressure above composite piston 2 and it closes. It is opened manually by a perpendicular bolt with a handle 42. Thus pressure regulator 27can be used as a turn cock with water-tight closing with minimum control efforts.

Large-diameter pressure regulators 43 are controlled by small pressure regulators 27placed on an external pipe 44, connecting nut 36 with an output pipe 45. This facilitates production and control of large diameters, pressure regulators 43, serving as turn-cocks. Option three - vertical gate 46

It has a widened piston 47 and is controlled by the same control device 30. It opens when a perpendicular bolt with a handle 42 by means of lever 41 and 37 with a lower curve 51 , lifted small cone 40. Then a pressure fall follows above widened piston 47 and its fast opening. If cone bed 33 touches the small lifted cone 40, a rise in pressure follows through the water permeable gap 11 above widened piston 47 and it falls and closes the leakage. If small cone 40 is lifted a little more, it cannot reach cone bed 33 and widened piston 47 would close only manually with a perpendicular bold with a handle 42. It follows that these gates can be used very successfully for sinks, toilets, etc.

A large vertical gate 55 is controlled by a small vertical gate 46. It opens when a bolt with a handle 42 is pressed down manually, or through a vertical rod 57, fixed with a float 58 when the lower water level falls, and back upon close. Thus by pressure change above the widened piston 47 by a small vertical gate 46, large vertical gates 55 open and close. And for a very large vertical gate of a dam floodgate a vertical gate 66 of the same type, controlled by a small vertical gate 46 in front of it is placed on pipe 56. It opens on lower level 60 in the dam, being transmitted through a curved pipe 64 in a small hydraulic press 63. It lifts a balance lever with a weight 62, and it - a perpendicular lever with a handle 42. Floods can be tackled in this way by control of the upper water level 60 in the dam for a reference volume and not allowing rise of the lower water level 59 with a vertical gate close 46 by float 58.

Many of the large gates would be produced without watertight gaps, being controlled by two smaller ones - manually, on water levels and remotely through electro-magnets. For example, the respective diameters will be larger than 0 3000, average 0 100, and a small one 0 12 mm.

Option four - Air vent valve-water-hammer arrester 68

The air and the water vapours from a main pipeline 69 through vertical pipe 70 gather in the upper part of the air vent valve 68 around a small cylinder 71. They push the water down, the lifting force disappears and cylinder 73 with a metal disk 72 fall together with a screw 74. Their weight is greater than the resulting force - the lifting and the hydro-static one beneath small cone 40. It is a function of the pressure in the main pipeline 69. Through a cone bed 33 with an aperture 75 the pressure falls under the widened piston 47. It opens, and under the upper narrow part 48 air and water vapours are thrown out through aperture 51. Then a recovery of the lifting force follows behind cylinder 73 and of the pressure through the water permeable gap 11 under a widened piston 47. A small cone 40 has closed a cone bed 33, and by the two types of force - lifting and hydro-static, a widened piston 47 closes, lifting cylinder 73 as well.

Water hammer arrester. In the hydraulic stroke, the first moment, the pressure falls. The cylinder 73 goes down together with screw 74, and unlike before, through aperture 51 , the atmospheric pressure reaches the main pipeline 69. With the second increased part of the hydraulic stroke, rises the pressure beneath the widened piston 47 as well. It rises together with cylinder 73, as was said, and closes after a delay of seconds, a guarantee that the hydraulic stroke is gone.

Water hammer arresters can be made for very large diameters, replacing the construction of large relief shafts.