It is often necessary to monitor the location and movement of materials within a distribution center or manufacturing facility. One method of tracking the materials is to attach a wireless communication device such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder or other identification device to containers that are housing the materials.

By way of example, a liquid container such as a barrel or keg may include an identification device indicative of the liquid contained inside. An interrogation reader, or series of receivers, having an antenna device and able to send information remotely through electronic signals, is placed throughout the distribution or manufacturing facility to receive signals transmitted from the identification devices. The signals are then passed to a central control system that monitors and records the applicable information. The central control system can also send information to its interrogation readers to send to the transponders for response and/or to be stored in the transponder's memory.

The identification system also allows for statistical analysis of the materials to maintain an accurate inventory, production flow rates, and other production standards.

Additionally, the identification devices may include specific information about the materials housed within the containers including date of manufacture, place of manufacture, type of product within the container, the temperature of the container and ambient air, the temperature of the contents of the container, the pressure of the container, etc.

A problem occurs when the containers are not conducive for mounting an identification device or transponder. One example is a beer keg that has a substantially

cylindrical shape with smooth, uniform outer walls. There are no extensions or areas for effectively attaching the identification device. Additionally, these containers may be heavy and cumbersome to handle. During the filling process and distribution, the containers may bang against other containers, storage racks, conveyor equipment, etc.

An identification device attached to the container may easily be damaged or destroyed during this process.

Another concern is that the identification devices should be able to be quickly mounted to the containers. Each container should be identified with a separate identification device. The labor cost would be excessive and outweigh the benefits of the identification system if each device was timely to mount to the containers.

Therefore, it is important that the identification devices can be quickly attached to each of the individual devices. Inherent with the quick attachment, the devices should be mounted in a straightforward manner that is not over difficult such that it requires specialised equipment, or highly trained technicians during the attachment process.

In addition to be quickly attached, the identification tags should also securely attach to the containers. Secure attachment should prevent the tags from inadvertently falling off the containers, even during handling of the containers when they may be dropped, bounced around, and otherwise roughly handled.

It is also important that the identification tags be attached in an inconspicuous manner. For reusable containers that are sent to the consumers and then returned to be refilled and redistributed, an inconspicuous placement will help to ensure that the consumers do not tamper with or otherwise destroy the identification tag.

According to the present invention there is provided an identification device comprising: a body member constructed of a resilient material and having a first shape

with first dimensions, said body member being deformable from said first shape to a second shape having at least one dimension smaller than said first shape; and a wireless communication means attached to said body member.

The invention further provides an identification system comprising : a container for holding a material, said container having an opening; and an identification device according to the present invention.

The invention further provides a method of attaching an identification device according to the present invention to a container, said method comprising: deforming said body member from said first shape to said second shape; inserting the body member into the container; and allowing the body member to return to said first shape.

The invention further provides a method of monitoring a container comprising: attaching to the container an identification device according to the present invention by deforming said body member from said first shape to said second shape, inserting the body member into the container, and allowing the body member to return to said first shape; moving the container through at least one interrogation point containing an interrogation reader; and establishing communication between the identification device and the interrogation reader to monitor the container.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which : Figure 1 is a side view of an identification device according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating communication between an identification device and an interrogation reader;

Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a tracking and information system for use with an identification device; Figure 4A is a perspective view of the identification device of Figure 1 ; Figure 4B is a perspective view illustrating an alternative identification device attached to a container; Figure 5 is a perspective view of one form of container; Figures 6A, 6B and 6C are partial sectional views of first, second and third stages respectively of the attachment to a container of the identification device of Figures 1 and 4A; and Figures 7A and 7B are partial sectional views of first and second stages respectively of the attachment to a container of another alternative identification device.

Referring now to the drawings in general, and Figure 1 in particular, an identification device 10 comprises: a mounting clip having a base section 12 and an arm section 14 resiliently connected together at an acute angle oc ; and a wireless communication device 20 mounted on the base section 12, the device 20 indicating the location of, and providing information regarding, a container.

The base section 12 and arm section 14 connect at a first end of each section forming a joint 16. As illustrated in Figure 4A, the sections 12,14 may be attached along a common edge forming the joint 16. Alternatively, the sections 12,14 may attach at isolated sections of the joint 16 or other like design. The width of the sections 12,14 may vary depending upon the specific embodiment and application.

The sections 12,14 are connected together at an acute default angle of less than about 90 degrees relative to each other. When no outside forces are applied, the material of which the sections are constructed has memory and will return to about this

default angle. The sections 12,14 are resiliently connected allowing for the angle a to vary as force is applied. When no external forces are applied to the device 10, the distance between the end of the arm section 14 opposite the joint 16 and the base section 12 in a direction normal to the base section, defined as the mounting clip distance, is greater than the distance of the container opening through which the device 10 is inserted for attachment to the container, as will be explained below.

The angle ex may vary between about zero and ninety degrees depending on the specific embodiment. During insertion through an opening in the container, the arm section 14 and base section 12 will be compressed together resulting in a smaller a.

This allows for the arm section 14, joint 16 and upper portion of the base section 12 to be inserted through the opening. Once the force applied to the sections 12,14 is removed, the sections separate and a is returned to about its default value. Preferably, a ranges from 0 to 60 degrees, more preferably, from 0 to 45 degrees.

Figure 4B illustrates an alternative identification device 50. The device 50 is substantially R-shaped having opposing feet 52,54 and a substantially rounded upper section 56. An angled edge 58 positions the device 50 once installed within the container 30. Preferably, the wireless communication device 20 is mounted on one of the opposing feet 52,54 placing it outward from the container when the device 50 is mounted, thereby allowing for clear and effective transmission of signals by the communication device 20. During installation, the feet 52,54 are pinched together reducing the cross section of the rounded upper section 56 for insertion into the container. Once inserted, the feet 52,54 are released, the cross section of the upper section 56 expands preventing the device 50 from being easily removed.

Figure 2 illustrates one particular type of wireless communication device 20 called a radio frequency transponder. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that there are many other different types of wireless identification devices 20 that allow electronic communication and the present invention is not limited to any one particular type. The transponder 20 is usually made out of some type of plastic or other material having within it control system 102, wireless communication electronics 104, antenna 106, and memory 108. The antenna 106 may be either external or incorporated internal to the transponder 20.

The control system 102 is an integrated circuit or other type of microprocessor or micro-controller electronics that controls the substantive operations of the transponder 20. The control system 102 is connected to the wireless communication electronics 104 to communicate and receive transmissions. The control system 102 is also connected to memory 108 for storing information and retrieving information.

Figure 2 also depicts how communication is achieved with the transponder 20.

An interrogation reader 120 contains interrogation communication electronics 122 and an interrogation antenna 124. The interrogation reader 120 communicates to the transponder 20 by emitting an electronic signal or command modulated in a frequency 126 through the interrogation antenna 124. The interrogation antenna 124 may be any type of antenna that can radiate the modulated signal 126 through a field 128 so that a compatible device such as a transponder 20 can receive such signal 126 through its own antenna 106. The field 128 could be any of a variety of different types used in electronic communications including electro-magnetic, magnetic, or electric. The signal 126 is a message containing information and/or specific instructions for the transponder 20.

When the transponder antenna 106 is in the presence of the field 128 emitted by the interrogation reader antenna 124, the wireless communication electronics 104 are energized thereby energizing the transponder 20. The transponder 20 remains energized so long as its antenna 106 is in the field 128 of the interrogation reader 120. The wireless communication electronics 104 demodulate the signal 126 and send the message containing information and/or specific instructions to the control system 102 for appropriate actions. For example, the request in the message may be for the transponder 20 to send back information about the materials housed within the container 30 including date of manufacture, place of manufacture, and type of product within the container. The message may also be instructions to send back information regarding the temperature of the container, its ambient air, the temperature of the contents of the container, the pressure of the container, etc. The transponder 20 sends back information to the interrogation reader 120 by altering the contents of the signal 126.

Alternative forms exist for communicating with a wireless electronic device such as a transponder 20. For instance, the transponder 20 may have a transmitter so that it can send information to the interrogation reader without having to use the signal 126 as the means for communication. The transponder 20 may contain a battery to power the transmitter, or an energy storage unit that is charged by the energy when the transponder is in the field 128 of the signal 126. It is understood to one of ordinary skill in the art there are many other manners in which to communicate with a wireless identification device such as a transponder 20, and that the present invention is not limited to the particular manner described above.

Figure 3 illustrates a tracking system in which containers 30 containing transponders 20 can be tracked through an environment such as factory or distribution

facility. For example, the transponder 20 connected to container 30 could pass a first interrogation point 150 that includes an interrogation reader 120. When the container 30 and its transponder 20 is in the presence of the interrogation reader 120 as described previously, a message containing information and/or a specific request for information may be transmitted by the interrogation reader 120 and received by the transponder 20.

This process continues as the container 30 moves to a second interrogation point 152, a third interrogation point 154, a fourth interrogation point 156, and on to a last interrogation point 158.

A central control system 130 maintains the information from the interrogation readers 120 and monitors the movement of the containers 30 through the facility. The information received by each of the interrogation readers 120 may be forwarded to the central control system 130 either through direct wire or LAN connection. The central control system 130 could also send information to the interrogation reader 120 to be transmitted to the transponder 20 for identification purposes. The central control system 130 track the expected location of the containers 30 and may be alerted if it expects to receive information about a particular container and does not.

During commissioning of each container 30, it may be necessary to place the container 30 containing the transponder 20 in range of an interrogation reader 120 in order to erase previously stored information in memory 108 or to store particular data or configuration information about the container 30 in memory 108 for later use.

Preferably, a separate wireless communication device 20 is mounted on each container 30.

The container 30 may have a variety of shapes and sizes. Figure 5 illustrates one container 30 having a main body 32 for holding materials. A rim 38 extends

outward from the top surface 36 and includes handles 34 for grasping and carrying the container. As illustrated in Figures 6A, 6B and 6C, the rim 38 may further include a lip 39 which extends around the upper edge of the container so as to form an opening 40 between the end of lip 39 and the rim 38. In one embodiment, the container 30 is a beer keg, although one skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is applicable to a wide variety of container shapes and sizes. Additionally, a wide variety of openings 40 may be available on a container 30 for attachment of an identification device according to the present invention, for example a drain hole positioned within the rim 38 or lip 39 for draining any liquid which may become trapped within this area.

Figures 6A-6C illustrate the progression of attachment to container 30 of the identification device 10 of Figures 1 and 4A. The device 10 is positioned adjacent to the opening 40. At this position, the arm section 14 is separated from the base section 12 at an angle a.

Figure 6B illustrates the joint 16 inserted into the opening 40 such that the arm section 14 is forced towards the base section 12 thereby reducing the angle a to an extent up to and including zero degrees in which the two sections are in contact and in parallel relation. This allows for the device 10 to be inserted into an opening as small as the combined width of the sections 12,14.

The device 10 is further inserted through the opening 40 as illustrated in Figure 6C to an extent where the arm section 14 clears the edge of the lip 39. Once clear, the arm section 14 resiliently biases away from the base section 12 towards the initial default angle a in which the mounting clip distance (defined earlier) is greater than the width of the opening 40. If someone tries to remove the device 10 from the container 30, the angle oc of the arm section 14 relative to the base section 12 will prevent the

device from exiting-the opening. Preferably, the base section 12 with attached wireless communication device 20 is positioned closely adjacent to the rim 38 for protection and to make the device as inconspicuous as possible. In one embodiment, the base section 12 and wireless communication device 20 have the same color as the container 30.

Figures 7A and 7B illustrate another alternative identification device 60. The device 60 is a substantially planar member constructed of a deformable, resilient material. In one embodiment, the device 60 is substantially rectangular shaped. As illustrated in Figure 7A, the device 60 is deformed during the installation such that the device has a smaller width so that a first end 62 may be inserted into the opening 40.

Figure 7B illustrates the device 60 returned to its original shape having a larger width with the first end 62 within the space enclosed by lip 39, and a second end 64 being against the container top surface 36. Additionally, adhesive may be disposed on the side of the device 60 for attaching it to the rim 38. The wireless communication device 20 may be mounted on the exterior of the device 60, or may be embedded within.

In the foregoing description, like-reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views. Also, it is to be understood that such terms as"forward","rearward","left","right","upwardly","downwardly ", and the like are words of convenience that are not to be construed as limiting terms. Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description. By way of example, the wireless communication device 20 may be mounted to the surface of the identification devices, or may be embedded within the devices.