Cπocoβ MHHμMiipoBaHiin BocπnaMeHeHMλ, MHτeHCMφviκaunM ropeHWλ MUM peφopMMHra τoπjiMβθBθ3AyuJHbix M τoπnιiEoκMCJioρoflHbix cwieceii

Oδnacmb mexnwai, K Komopou omnocumcz U3θ6ρemen.ue

H3θ6peτeiiHc OTHOCHTCH K MaiπHHocτpoeiπτJθ, a HMCHHO K røepreTiriecKOMy MaiQHHocTpoeMϊϊK) H fflBnraτeJiecτpoeHHio, H πpeλMa3HaHCH0 jvw HHxeπcHφHKamπi

XEMH ¹ JeCKHX πpoiieCCOB B paβoiefi CMeCH C HCllOλI,3OBaHHeM KMlIyJItCHO-DePHOaHIeCICOrO

HaHoceκyH,ηκorc> BHCOKOBOJIBTHOγO pa3pλsa B ffBBra.τ&nnx. BHyxpeHHeiO cropanna iπoβoro Tuna, κaMepBi, Kawtepu cropaHiϊa ηeTOHaiflaoHHbK p$ura.rene&, peaκτHBHbϊ?c ja(isHraτcjieH n ra3O ^r -yp6HHHf>ix flBHra-rejieS, B 3HepreTaHecKHX ropejπcax M peφopMepax,

ypσβem inexHutcu

KfeBecTflH CπOCO6BI, HaπpaBJieHHHc i-ia πoBtiiπeHHβ 3φφeκτHBHθcτn cropaHna pa60Heid: cMecH B KaMepax cropaHiia SBHraτejieή BiiyτpeHHero cropaiπia. Haπ6ojiee pacnpocTpaπcHH cπocoβbi, HCnojit3yiomHe πpeaBapHτejritHyio πofflroτoBκy pa6o^ei4 cMecπ, B TOM HHOie, ojieκτpopa3pa3Hyτo oβpa6oτκy Bosflyxa, oβpa6oϊκy aπpHCKHBaeMoro τommEa sjieKTpOMarHHTHBiM πojieM, cπocoβω, ocHOBaHHbie Ha MoneptiiisanHH 3jieκτpoHCκpoeθro 3a5KHraHHa pa6oHoft civtecH, πpπ^ew. B nocjicβHeM cny^ae pe3yjα.ϊaτ Aocraraexca πyτeM HSMeHeHHS KOHCTpyKEHH 3jieκτpocBeHeH 3aϊKHtraHHa (SU Xa 1728521, SU Nz 1S3S665, RU 2099550).

H3BecτeH cπoco6 aKTHBaiπffl πpoπ;eccoB ropeHMa B «BHraτejie BHyτpeHHero cropaPHλ, fϊθ3B0Jiaκ)iπHH πOBBICHTB 3φφeicrHBHocτi. H oflHopoaHOCrt ropeiiHS paSo^tefi CMecH E ;cςβHraτejLsx BHyτpeHHero cropaaHK, CπH3HXE. Bpewrø ropcHHS, TeMπepaTypy BocnjiaMeHeHHa H peryjiHpyeMoe yεejiHHeHHe cicopocTH pacπpocTpaHeHirø φpoHTa ropeHHa (RU Ns 94028477, FO2M25/'1O, 1996). flatiiiBiH cnoco6 aaiαπo^aeTCfl B oβpaβoτκe B03Ay^a» πocτyπai-oπ_;ero B jjβiaτατøJih BHyxpeHHero cropaHHS,

CHCTBMOS θ6ϊ>eMHBK caMOC'rOϋTejIMIBIX SJieKTpHqeCKHX pa3paS0B C 3£maHHbIMH napaMexpaMH.

HeλθcϊaτκaMH H3aecτHtix cπocoδos røjrøexcJϊ xpeβoBaHne H3MerreHrø B κoHcτpyκnHH flEHrarena H B HecoBepmeHCTBe cπocoδa BocππaMβHeHEa paδoHef CMecH OSBB-HBIM. 3JieκxpoHcκpoBHM: CπOCO6OM, κoxopH& He oβccπeiHBacx πOJIHOγO cropaπra CMCCH B icaMepax. pa6o^eu

CMecH, pea ^j iHayeMH-ift K0-ϊcχpyκmjeH crpHMepHofi CBeππ (RU Xa2l76122, H01T13/20, 2001). B 3τoM H3θ6peτeHHH Hcπojiϊ>3yeτca jiBJieHHe cipHMepa flπa yBem^ieHEa HHTCHCHBHOCTH HOHH3-UU;HH E 30H6 BO3HHKHOBeHHa ocHOBHoro 3JieκτpHHecκoro pa3paaa πyTCM co3flai-iELa δjmroσpHaTHbix ycjioBHH ycxoftgHBoro Hcκpoo6pa3θBaπHa. ^aa pcmeiraa 3τoή zanzm πpHKJiaflHBaioT Hanpa^icenne Me>κ^y u,eaτpaαhHbiu 3JτeκτpoflθM H 6OKOBE.IMH 3jieκτpo,z];aMH caβMM, wo oSeccte^HsaeT HOHEBamiio πpocτpaHcτBa MGiεjiy HHME. Iϊpκ STOM B6JIH3H H3θJiaτopa π;eHτpaji&Horo 3jicκτpofla φopMHpyeτca crpHMep, ycidλiiEaei-CH MOHH3ai.tHOHHoe none B 3OHC, orpaπHHHBaeMofi BexBHMH πycKosoro 3πeκτpofla MaccH, H co3n;aeτca 3JieκτpHHCcκH-t pa3pas Mejϊςαy ϋ,eHτpεuitE£.iM 3λeκτpoflθM H EcκponpHeMHθH πoEepxHocTBio raaBπoϋ πacTH 3πeicτp0λa Maccti. H3θ6peτeHHe oδecπeiHBaex ycToftqHBocTi. paβoT&i λBHraTeπH BHyτpeHHero cropanna Ha BCCX Bθ3Mωioω-ix peiKHMax B 3iccnJiyaτaintin, Moτoπ;HiϋieτH&ie 3HeprocHcτcMH.

OπiϊcaHHbiκ( same aHaxror HMeeT orpaHH^ieHi-ioc πpHMeπeiiHe, xaic κaic npe^HasHa^eH RJIΆ aciiojiωoEaHHa XOJI&KO B 6eH3HH0B&κ flBHraxcjiax (aBXOMo5n/u>Hi.ix n MoxoitHiarexH&ix).

Pααφumue ti3θ6pementuι

Peaκπici oKHCJieHns Toπrmiia npoχeκaex no pa3BexBπeHξ0Jvfy πeπHOMy McxaiiH3My.

H3 xeopHH ρa3BCXBπeHHi.iχ pazrøκajι&Ho~n;eiiHbix peaκo;HH E3BecxHO

1. 3jϊeM ^β H[ ^χ apHtie cxa^HH. XapaκxepπκiM πpH3HaκoM u,enft&iχ peaKuπfi aBjiaexca xo oδcxosixextfccxBO, HXO pacxofloεaπHe peareHToa H o6pa30BaHHe KOHCIHHX πpoflyκτoB πpoHcxo^HX πyxeM Hepe^oiaaHHa πepHθ,zpjraecκH πoExopaioiπHxca sJieMeHxapMwx cxaaiiH, B

Koxopux B3aEM0fleficτBue HacxπiiH HCXOffHoro Bcm;ecτBa c aitxnfekoft HacxHu;eϊt πpHBOflax K o6pa3OBaHnio Mo ^j ieicyjibi upoayκxa peaκα;HH H HOBOU aicxHBHofi lacxHirø [6], IIofl aκxøBH0H

HacxEmeft cπeayex nomiMaxi. ⁱ iacxHn;y co BaifeHXHOfi. CM3i>io axoM&r H npanaxo rosopHXb o pa#Hκajn _> HHX, HJπI XHMEraecKHx, menax)

JI«§O BaπeHTHo-ξaoBimeHξyio vac-ismy B BO36yyκff,eκκoM θHeprexHHecKOM cocxosa-inn (i? xaKOM noiføeT 06 SHeprexHHeoKHX n;enax).

KπaccHφiaij-ϊpys sπeMβHTapHHe era^M πeirabix peaiαpπi, MOJKHO Bijne ^j inTt nenape MOMeHτa: 3aρoaζπ;eϊwe Aeππ (HHimHKpoBaHHe), ljeiiH, pa3BeϊBπenHe neim, cra^πa oδptiBa πeπH, Peaiopia πpofloroiccHHS uemr (ρeaκπ,Hii Meagay Mθ ^j ieκy ^j iaMH H πpo^yKTa H πoasjieiπie HOBofl aiciHBHOH πacϊHm.1, πpoτeκaeτ ^ocTaTo^no 6ucτpo. Hauaβo ^j iee SHeproeMicoή CTaflHeπ neriHoro πpouecca aiajiacTca peaKuaa miHEpapoBaHHa (πepBinHoro o6pa3OBaHna OKTHEHBIX [7].

EJeπHbie pa3BeτBπeHHbϊe peaiαi;HH κpoMe CTaλHt 3apo2yxe»Ha, πpoflOJEKeHHsj u oβpHBa π;eπeH B o6a3aτcjibHθM πoparoce BianonaioT cτaaκto ρa3BeτBneHHa n,eπeϋ. lipπ pa3paδoτϊce 3aaBπeHHoro H3θβpeτeHξfl paccMaTpHBan'iϊci. CH4 - C5H12 H H2 - co^epacamne cMecH, BocππaMβHeHHe κoτopbix, corjiacHo TeopHH H.H.CeMeiiOBa, npoycxoj(HT no pa3BeτBJieHH0My paflHKaJiBHO-uenHOMy MexanH3My [5]. UpπβBa. pa3BeτBJieHHaa peaκuoH OTJiHHaeTca oτ Hepa3BeτBJieHHθfi TeM, HTO npn ee πpoτeκatfMH npoHcxoflHT nepeaana 3HeprHH Ha 3HλoτepMHHccκHe cTa&HH 3a cnet a iooTepMH^ecKHX. aaeprELa MTOKCT 3aπacaτi>ca B XOλ6 peaioj.HH JTH6O B BH^e XHMiraecKOH SHepran aτoMθB H CBoGoaHwx paβHϊcanoB, JIH6O B BHfle SHeprHH M0Jieκyπ [8J.

2. ϋepHOfl HHHyKi--HH. Pa3BeτBJrøHHaH iieniaaa ρeaicn;Ha Moaceτ npoτeκaτb B αByx peacnMax. ECJIH cKopocn, o6p&iBa n;eneH npeB&njiaex cκopocϊt HX pa3BeτBJieHHa, K0HiieHηpai-,Ha aκτHBHfcix njciiTpOB κBa3HcτanH0HapHa. B πPOTHBHOM ciiy^ae, κorfl;a CKOpOCTB pa3BeTBλ6HHS CTaHOBHTOT βO-t&Iϊre CKOpOCTH røβejIH aTOMOB H paflHKaJIOB, npoHcxoflHT JiaBHHθo6pa3Hoe HapaoτaHne SXγHBHMX. ^acTEcq, H ^cpe3 Heκoτopoe εpeMa npaiCTErascKH nonnoe oτcyτcτBHe peaKHHH 0MeHaeτca B3P&IBHBTM ee iipoτeκaHHeM [6]. ITepMOA. B TenenEC κoτoporo npoHcxowiT Hapa6oτκa He H3MeHaeτca τeMπepaTypa n αssnenue, HaatmaeTcs BpcMCHeM HHflyKHHH (εpeMeHeM 3a,n;epaα<H) BocπjiaMeHeHHa.

3. Cθ3,π;aHHe HaHaπBHoii κoHπ;eHτpaπHH aKTHBHtxx; ueutpon. PeaϊtqHeii, πHMHTHpyrameH pa3BHTHe ropeHHa, aBJiaeτca o6pa3OBaHHe aκτirβHWx uen-rpou. B cnymae OKHCJiciina, πρoτeκaκ>iD;cro no pa3BcτBJieHH0My MexaHH3My, CTanna HHHHHHpoBaHna oicasBisaeT sHa'TOTenEnoe Bimmme iia cicopocτ& ropeiiπa πa Ha^aπ&Hiax 3τaπax BocnπaMeHeHHH cMeca. Bbicoκaa 3HeprHji aκτHBaα;HH πpn &ticcQup.zafm Mojieicyji HCXO _1- ]JIbK BeπiecTB πpHBOflHT π_a6o K yBeλHHeHHio BpeMeππ socmϊaM.eύ.etuiα, jm6o K πojiHOMy oτcyτcτBHio ropeHHa. HoBfctraeHHe τewmepaτypti raaoBoM ropio^c^ CMCCH,

BJieπer ₃ a coδofi yBemneHKe cKopocTH τepMHHecκoϋ AnccomianHH « ρocτ κoπH^ccτBa aKTHBHfciX -qacxHH (B τaκoM Cflyπae 3apcoκ£eHHe XMMHHeoKHX πenefi jipaκτHHecκH πeH36e2KHθ). TaKHM o6pa3OM, BBO# Heβou&moro KcuiHiecTBa aτθMθB H paAnKanoB HCKyccTBeHHKtM o5pa3OM, τ.e. Mjmya peaκnτjio HHmmapOBanBLa, flOλacen BecTH K yBejiHHβHHϊo CKopocTϊ- peaKflHH, a τaκa:ce oδecπeiHTi. ec πpoτeκaHHC πpa δojtee HHSKHX Ha ¹ IaJIiHbIx xeMπepaxypax [5].

4. Oβpa30BaκHe aκτHBHBix ^acTHo; B røe πpn E03#eϋcτBHH pa3p^Aa. HpH Hcπojiϊ.3θκafϊHH ra3OBoro pa3p«Aa λJia EHHmtnpofiaHiia BocnnaMeneHHsr A^e B03M02CH0CTH B03fl;eHCTBHπ Ha τa3. B cjiyπae paspa^a, Beflywero K oβpa3θBaHi«o paBiioBecHofi wan πOHXH pasHOBecnoS πjia3MBi (HCKPOEOU ρa3pas, ayra) OCHOBHBIM φaκτopoM, npOBOij;HpyionmM pa3BHχne memioS peaκmiii ropei-iaa, aBJiaeτca πoκayshm ^j & HarpeB ra3a H noBfeππeHHe cκopocτH τepMHHecκoή flacconnanHii [9], [10]. FIpw Hcπoπb30BaHHH 6aptepHoro pa3pMjα;a, a τaioκe BH H CB ¹ I pa3paaoB Mθryτ πρoτeκaτt HepaBH0Becκ&ϊe nnasMOXHMiraecKHe npoHeccϊ,i. B iiepaBHOBecHofi πjia3Me [11] cTeπeHB H0HH3aAϋH ji,ocτET&Qτ lO^-lO ^"1 , cpeAεLsa SHeprπa 3JieκτpθHθB (1-10 aB) 3HaHHTCJiBHO πpeBbimaeT cpe^moio πocτyπaτeπbHyio aπepriπo TjDKenHX ^a.cτvuχ _t κoHii;eHτpai^HH B030y>κAeHHHx πacTHD; 3HaHHτejτtH0 πpcBtnπaeT pasHOBβcHbie κoHii;eπτρannH. Boαpoc oδ 3φφeκτHBiiocτH Hcπojπ>3θBaHHa nepaBHosecnoH njia3Miα, Hcnoπϊ.3yeMθH B 3asrBneHHOM H3o6peτeHHfi, AO CHX πop ocτaBanca oτκpibiτbiM. B HacrOλ-nee BpeMa ρaccMaτpHBaeτoa oτHθCHτeJit.Haa ρon& B036yagα;eHHa κoπc6aτei[bHiax, 3JieκτpoHHbix cTeπeHβfi CBO6OAI»I ra3a, a τaκ»ce HOHH3anna H AHCcoitnainia MOJieicyπ πpaMLM 3jieκτpoξHB0M: yAapoM, B τaκoM B HcpaBHOBecHoS ππa3Me Moryx peaλH30BϊiϊBaτi.ca 3HaHHτejn.Hbie KomjeHrpauHH paA-λcajiOB. OcHOBHBie πpoα;eccbi B03βyacAeHHa Moπeκyn BOAOpOAa H KHCnopoAa πpoaHaJiH3HpoBaHw B paøoτe [23] H oTpaaceHH B Taøπnue [EEDF].

SiceMeHxapHKce npoπeccbi y^apoM [23]

ϋpoiqecc AE, 3B

e + H2→e + H2(v=l.) 0.516 e + H2→e + H2(v^2) LOOQ e + H2 → e + H2(v=3) 1.500 e + H2 -> e + H-Kd ³ II ₁₁ ) 14.Op e + H2 → e + H2(a ³ ∑ ⁺ _g ) 11.80 e+H2→e + ^Cb ³ Z ₆ ) 8.900 c + I-I2 → e + 132(B ¹ %ft 12.62 e + H2 -→ e + E2φ%*) 113Q e + H2→e + H2(C ⁱ π _u ) 12.40 e + H2→e + H2(e ³ σ _B ⁺ j . 12.83 e + H2 → e + e + H2 ⁺ 15.40 e + O2(ji) -→ e + 02(J ₂ ) 0.005 e + O2 → e + 02(vO 0.193 e + 02 → c + O2(v=2) 0.382 e + 02 → e + O2(v=3) 0.56? e + O2 → e + O2(v=4) 0.752 e + O2 → c + O2(a ^T Ag) 0.983 e + O2→e + O2(B ³ σ _u -) 8.40 e + 02 →e + 02(A ³ Z ₁₁ ⁺ ) 4.50 e + O2→e + 02(C ³ A ₁ J 6.87 e + 02 → e + O2(9.99B) . 9.90 e + 02 -→ e + O2(pM«6epr. COCT.) 13.5 e + O2 → 02 ^" (X ² Dg) -> O-( ² PVO( ³ P) 4.25 β + O2 → e + O ⁺ + Q ^" 15.0 e + O2→c + c + Q( ³ P) + O ⁺ ( ⁴ S) IS.p

C oflHOH cTopoHM, ^aiice OTHocHTejibHo Maπoe KOπHHCCTBO STOMOB a pajp_κanoB (πopjiλKa 10 ^'5 -l0 ^"3 or oδinero ^ncna *ϊacτHn) CπOCO6HO CλEHHyxi. paBHOBecHe B cπCT ^β Me H cπpoBoijHpoBaTk paaBHTHc n;enHOH peaκmwϊi. Eojiee TOγO, B cnynae, κθi"«a y^acTca: co3flaxi> noλoβi-iyio κoHii.eHτpaL(HK> mciHBiπax HacTHK oflHOpOAHO no oβteMy, ropeHne aase^oMo 6y^eτ 6e3flcτoHai];HθHHbiM. C λpyroβ cTopoHEi, co3flaHHe πpocτpaiicτBeEHo offHopoλHoro pa3paκa B SOJCπIOM oβseivie πpπ OϊHOCHTCJII,HO BBICOKOW πJIOTHOCTH HeHτpajπ>H&κ CJIOKHOU 3a/i;aieS:. Ha peiπeHne 3'J.ΌU saflaωi naπpaBJieHo a3o6ρeτeiiHe. 5. BHcoKocKopocTHaa BOJiHa vioiimanpa (BBH). 9φφeκτHBiffiiM cpeflCTBOM co3,π:aHHsr πpocTpancTBeππo o^HopoflHoft B6icoicoBθ36y>κ,n;eHHθH HepaBHOEecHot ππa3MH

SGSJiaCTca BBICOKOBOJIJbTHJstH HMnyJHbCHH.t HaHOCβKyHλHBIH pa3pλJC(, pa3BHBaK>mHHCH B BHiie EblCOKOCKOpOCTHOH BOJIHH HOHH3aHKH [12], [13].

6, 06pa30BaπHe aκτHBHtix πacTHrξ B ra3e, K fiacTojmjeMy BpeMeHH H3Becτeπ pa^ paβoT B oδπacTH BBICOKOCKOPOCTHHX BOJIH HOHH3au«a «πa ππa3M0XHMHHecκHx HccjieflOBaHHH. B HX ¹ SHCjJe HoyπeHHe B03fleHcτBHa HaHoceKyraHHx Ha βosδyscλeππe BHyrpeHHHX cTeπeHeπ CEO6OAϊ>ϊ rasa [14], a Tarace HccjieπoBa«HH ₇ cB^aHHtie c H3yHeπneM ϊαmeTHKH πpπ KOMHaTHoii TeMπepaType UOA fleficTBHCM BHCOKOCKOPOCTHOH BOJTHM HOHH3au;HH πpH -qacToie noBTopeHHa HMπyλttcoB B HecKOλfaico ^ecaηcoB Fcpa;.

B paβoτax [23], [24], [29], [31] BπepBHe πaπan Hsy^iaTBca BI>ICOKOBOJI&TH;WW HaHoceicyimiiHt paβpafl KaK cπocoβ O^HOPOλHOγO øθA3κκra ropϊOHHX ra3OBBix cMecefi πpH BBicoKHx (OKOλO 1100-2200° K) πaHanBHKix πocτyπaτeπϊ>Hfcix xβMuepaxypax. PaccMaτpHEaπocb BocmiaMeaeHHe Meτaπo-Bθ3flyinHBix H Bθsopσλθ-Bθ3j-,yiuHωx CMeceϋ, pa36aBjieHBHX apiOHOM jinδo rennβM. Ha OCπOBC npoBe^eHHtix pacπeτoB H 3KcnepHMeHTOB 6κuia πoκa3aHa BHcoKaa 9φφeκτHBHθcτi. BHCOKOBOH&THOγO paspaga, no3BOJiaioin;cro cyrα;ecτBeHHo (λO 600°K B MeτaH0-Bθ3nyiπHθ-aproHθB0H CMβcπ) cHM3m-b τeMπepaτypni,ii4 nopor BocnnaMeneHHa. SBIπO πoκa3aHθ, iro npn yBejiHHeHnw πJIOTHOCTH ra3a 3φφeκτHBHθcτi> njiasMoxHMHHecKoro BO3A6HCTBHH paspa^a 3aMei"MO cumitacTca. Buna, HCCjTeAOBaHa upocϊpaHCϊueMHaa θAϊ£θpθAHocτ£ BHCoKOBontTnoro HanoceκyHλHoro pa3psϋ,a H ee 3aBnciiMOCTt oτ ji;aBJieHHH BocnnaMeHaiome-tca ropKfflsM cMeca.

3-wa-qeit H3θ6peτeHHa aBJiaeτca noBHmeHHe 3φφeκτHBHocτH uHWnnttpQ&mua

EocππaMeHCHHa, KHTeHCHφHKauKH ropeima E AfiHraτejisx BnyrpeHHero cropamui, a τaioκe lϊOEuiπeHHe aφφeKTHBHOcria πpoπ;ecca pcφopMEHra paβoHHX CMecct c BCfl0Jπ>30BaHHeM HMnyictcHoro πepHo,mr<iecκoro BticoκoBθjibTiioro ra3OBOro pa3pa,z,a. yκa3-uiHaa 3aaa*fa CBa3aπa c TeM, *rro B πocJicflHee spews B CBfl3M c pa3BHTκeM BMCOKHX TβXHOJIOrHH OCTpO BO3HffiOia πpoβjieMa 3φφeKTHBH0CTH HCnonb30BaHiIS yrjiβBOAOpoAOB KaK TomiHBa B κoHκpeimκ ojiyπaax. HaπpHMep, npH BBiδope pe ^j icnMOB m^ 3aaaHHWx τoπjiHBHt.ix CMcceft πpπ Hcnon£3OBaHHfi B flBnraτejiax BHyrpenHero cropaiπur, paκeiηHx K caMonexHbix peaiciηBHBK ffgaraτemx, ra3θτyp6HHHbκ aiperaτax, HMiϊy ^j ϊtcHHX iϊjia3M0XHMHHeci<HX πa3epax, nna3M0XHMHiecKHX peaκτopaχ;. TSKKS saaa'iefi H3o6peτeHK^ HBJiaeτca Heo5xofflHMocτi oSecπcπeHHa; 3κoκoriiiecκoH

6e3oπacHθCϊH πpoj];yκτoβ cropaHHa τorwϊHBa c yπeτθM TOγO, HTO HH3κoτeMπepaτyρπoe ropeime yraeB0MOpo,ii;o-BO3jiymH0S CMecH BSMβt K HeπoJiHOftiy OKHCJieHHK) yr ^j iepo^a, ero icnacτepH3auHH Ά o6pa3OBaHHio caiϊCH, c APyrofi cropoHBi BbicoKOTCMπepaTypsoe ropeHHe jiaeτ NO _x . B 3aflane BOcπnaMeHeHHa cMecefi BectMa aκτyaiπpHθβ aBjiaioxcji πpoβπeisia

HX βbicxporo πofl3KHra c 3-waiiHBiM πpocrpaHCTBeHHHM OτcyτcτBHe AβToπanHH H o^aroBoϋ cτpyκτypϊ.i ropeHHs τoiπiHBπo-Bθ3flyiuHθit CMecH aBrøexca KpHTHHHUM BO MHOγHX lipuJioiiceHnax. B TO >κe BpeMJi juvs fleToπaijHOHHMX ji[BHraτeiieH cymecTi-eHHLiM: SBJiaeτca paciipe^eneinie cκopociη BocππaMeHβHHa no πpocτpaHCTBy. B HacTOOTjee βpeMa xopoiπo H3EecτHitot pasjnriHbie cπocoδH HHHHHHpoBaHiaa BocππaMeHeHHH H πoflϋep5κaHHa ropeaπa B ra3θBθit φa3e. CpeflH HHX uoysαio B&ifleπHTfa cjieλyionrHe Meτoπt>ϊ; πpaMoe HHaζeκτMpθBaiiHC ππa3MH jiyroBoro pa3pa,_,a πocToarmoro τoκa [I]; na3epHo- MiAyiπφoBaHHoe socπiraMCHeHHe [2], [3]; lacicpoBoe BocπjiaMeHeππe [4],

Peaicφia oKHOjieHHa ToππHEa πpoτeκaeτ no ρa3BeτBJieHHθMy inemioMy MexaHH3My [5], H o6pa3OBaiiHe aκxHBH&ix nempOB πpπ 3TOM aBJi»eτca caMoS MeartemoH cTa^Hea. 38Aa ¹ IeH ₇ peraaeMoM H3θ6peτeHHeM, sBjωeTCfl, B03fleHCTByπ Ha ra3 πa HaπaπbHtix 3τaπax BociuiaMeHeHHJi, cymecTBCHHtiM o6pa30M yMeπiiiiiHTB BpeMa BOcπnaMeHeHπa, a τaioκe HiiHipπipoBaTB ropeϊTHe CMecH c pacøpeflcπeHHeM no 06'i.eMy - B ^ι iacτHθcτn, fleTOHanwoHϊiiJx. πpcfljiaraeMoro roo6peτeiiHa HBJiaioTCJi τaioκe (1) co3κaHMe ycjϊOBHlt ppa. B03pacτaHHA cicopocTH BOcπjiaMeHeaaa (coκparαeHHH EpβMβHH ffiipysαwri) CMecH; (2)

oβccπeπeHHS πo^aaira ra3a πpπ δojiee HHSKOH HaqaπBHoft τeMiiepaτyρe 3a cieτ co3aaHHs B o6i _> eMe Ha ¹ JaICbHOH KOHπeHTpanHH aκτ_ffiH&ix Hacraiu riocTaBJieHHaj. aaflaπa peniaeTCfl 3a cπei TOγO, OTO npa ocyuqecTBJieHHH cπocoβa paGoπyK) cMecB B KaMepe cropanHS BOSSJOKA-UOT πocpeflCTBOM HMny^BCHO-nepnoffHHecKoro HaH _θ ceκyH«i-ioro BBICOKOEOJϊMHOγO pasprøa, πpπ 9TOM smπtεerypβ. U [KB] ρa3pa,n;a orpaHHHeHa ycjioBHeM:

3-10- ¹⁷ > U/( L x n) > 3-10 ^"ls speMH HapacTaHHH πepeπwero φρonτa HMπyjibca BMCOKOγO iianpsaceiOTH Tφ [HC] orpararaeHO ycπoBweM: RC <τ _φ < 3.10- ¹⁸ x L ² x n / U a ,ZjJiHTeJIbHOCTb HMnyjitca BHCOKOγO HanpHMceHna τ _aMπ [HC] orpairøHeHa ycπoEHβM:

10 ¹⁷ / n < τ _HMn < 3-10 ²⁰ X(LxR)Zn r«e U — BBICOKOBOJIBTHOγO Htoiiymca, [KB]; L — pa3Meρ ρa3pjmπoro πpoMeacyτκa, [CM], n — ■ KOHueHTpauHS MθJieκyλ B eflHiiHαe oβteMa pa3pajjHoS ceKUMMt, [CM ^"3 ],

R - coπpoTHBJieHHe πoflBonsnuefi JESHHH [OM], C - eMKOCTt pa3pHλHoro πpoMe3κyτκa [φ],

OSiβM ρa3pa:λi-ioft ceκE(HH - STO o6i>eM, B κoτopθM uHHHHHpyeTcs ropeHHe c noMoim.ro BwcoKOBoji£.'ffloro Easoceicyn^oro pa3pHii;a. fljra ycτOHHHBoro pe>i<HMa XHMHHCCKHX peaκα;HH B paβoπeH CMecn B npoTOHHOM pcϊKHMe iHMiiynBCHHH πepHOλHHecKHH Bbjco-cθBθJii.τH£i-t ra3OBHH paspzp, HOJPKeH HMβϊb nepHO^ πoETOpcima HMπyjn>coB f _mii [c ^} ], orpaHHHeHHfciK ycnonneu: lO ²⁶ U/(n xL ² ) > / _HMπ > V/L rpff U — aMπjTuxyaa Bi.τcoκoBoπ&τHθro HMnyntca, [KB] ; n — κoHn;eHτpaiπϊa M0Jieκyji B effassπβ oβteMa pasp^Hoϋ ceicunn, [CM ^"3 ],

V — ^■ cKopocTB flBHaceHHa ra3a B pasp^HOH ceKHHH, [CM/C],

Texi-iH^ecKHM pc3yjrtτaτoM, nony^iaeMtiM npn ocymecTBJieHHH H3θ6peτeHHa, aBjiaerCH CHMϊccei-iHe ϊeMnepaϊypu BocnjiaMei-iei-iHa paβo^πix cMecefi, noBHineHHe

HHTeHCHBHOCTH XHMHHeCKHX peaKIIHH B iηpOHeCCaX ropeHHS H peφOpMHHfa, M, ICOK cjieλCTBiie, noBEnneHHe 3φφeκτHBHθcxH OTHraTejiefi, aHepretn^ecicHX ropcjioK H peφopMepoB H cymecTBeHHoe yMeHtineHHe Bwδpoca Bperøtix Bemectii, B ^acϊi-iocxH,

OKCHβOB a3oτa, B aTMocφepy.

IIpe&)ioϊκenτπjc oneκτpoflHHaMHHecκHe xapaκτepncϊiHKH pa3p>ma B paβoHefi CMe CH πosBOJisctoT cymccTBCHHo CHH3HTB TeMπepaTypHMfi πopor BocmiaMeHeHHH paβoHefi cMeCH no npiramaM: 1) AMπnHTyfla BHCOKOBOJIBTHOγO HMriyjitca, orpaHEraeππaa ycjioBHeπ U[κB] >

3- ICT ¹⁸ x L Xn, 3aflaeτ BenHHHHy πpHBβfleHHoro 3JIeKTpH ¹ IeCKOrO πOJIS E/n B ρa3pH^H0M npθMe3κyτκe πocjie πcpeKpHTHS ero BOJIHOH npoβoa Ha ypoBπe Bttiue 300 Td, ^TO o6ecπe^HBaeτ MaκcHMH3au,HK> 3Heproj-iGϊaj(a pa3pa«a B ojieκτpoHiiBie cTeπeHH CBoβoflti H flsccon;Hai];HEO ra3a. 2) λMπjiHTyλa BHCOKOBOJILTHOγO HMπyn&ca, orpaHHHeHHaa ycjiOEneM U[κB] <

3-10 ^"17 x l x n, 3a£aeτ EejjHHHHy B paspa^iioM πpθMejκyτκe nocxte πepeκptϊ ^r rHH ero BOJIHOU npoSoa Ha ypoBiie IISKKC 3000 Td, HTO npeflOTBpaiqaeT nepexoa 3JieκτpoHθB njia3Mi>i B pe3KHM yβeraHwa Ha OCHOBHOH CTa _1- UUi pa3pa^a H MHiiHMH3Hpyeτ noTcpn Ha yBemraeHHe 3HeprHH 3neκτpoHθB, φopMHpoεaHHe MeKTpoHHoro nyHKa H penTrenoscicoe H3JiyieiiHe.

3) BpeM5ϊ MapacxaHHat nepeAnei-o φpθHτa HMiiyjifaca BHCOKOγO Haπp«5κeHHa, orpasHHβHHoe ycjiOBneM Tφ[sc] < 3-10 ^"18 xL ² x π/U, no3BθJiHeτ ysennHHTfa HanpaaceHHe Ha BticoKOBOJibTMOM 3Jteκτpθλ;e H aocTnnt ^JTλ nepexoji;a 3JieκτpoHθB B peacHM yβeraHHa Ha φpoHTe BOJIHEI H0HH3aα;HH 3a BpeMa, MCHLince EpeMciiH πepeicpHϊHjϊ πρoMe>κyτκa _j HTO o6ycjioBJiHBaeτ λ0CTH>κeH-ie OλHOPOλHOCTH 3aitOJiueB[HJi iuia3M0H pa3pflflHoro πpoMea(yτκa.

4) BpeMa HapacTaHHa πepe^Hero φpoHTa HMπyjiBca BMCOKOγO HaπpaaceHiia, orpaHHHeHHoe ycjioBHeM τψ[Hc] > RC, no3Bθjiseτ cornacouaTt reπepaxop HMnyjitciatix HaπpπaceHHH H JIΉIIHIO C pa3pa«noft jraeMiωt, iτo oβycjioB-iietBaef 9φφeκτHBHθcτ& πepe^aHH 3πeρrHH HMπyjitca miaaMe,

5) πpH χ ^j iMtτejibH0CTH HMπyjiBca BHCOKOγO HaπpaaceHHa, orpaHiraeHHOH ycjiosπcM < 3-10 ²⁰ x(LxR)/n, orpaHHHHBacTca cyMMapHaa 3HeprHa, BKixaAtiEaewrasj B n ^j ia3My rasoEOro paspa^a, πpefloτBpam;aeτca ρa3BHTHe πeycτoUHHBθcτH paspa^a, ero πiHypoBaHHe H ncpcrpee κattaπa ₇ HeM ^ocτHraeτca cHπbHOHepaBHOBecHHi. xapaicrep π ^j ia3Mi.i HMπyjiϋCHoro pa3pa,n;a.

6) .Z-T ^j iHTejitHOCTb HMπyjiBca BHOOKOγO Haπp2>κcHHπ, orpai-iKrøcHHas yciroBHewi

10 ¹⁷ /n < T, _1Mπ [HC], yHHTHBaex B πpoMejκyτκe B ycjioBns HeoδxoffHMO λλH pa3Bϊϊτna HOHH3au;HH: ra3a B πpθMe>κyτκe nocite ero πepeiφMTHa BOJIπOH πpoβoa, HTO BBi3jwraaeτ ciwoKeHHe coπpoTHBJieHHH pa3psjχHθro πpoMe)κyτκa, ero Jiyqniee coraacoBaHHe c reHepaτopoM H aφφeicϊHBHEili oπeproBKJiaA 3JieκτpHHecκoli 3HeprMM B njϊa3My.

7) ,T(iLa oβecπeHeHHH ycToifanuoro πρoxeκaiiHa XHMHiecKHX peaKUHH B πpoTOHHOM peacHMe πepπon noBTopeHna HMiiyjitcoB orpaHHHHBaeTcs ycjioBHβM 10 U/(n x L ² ) > / _HMπ > V/L, TRQ U - 3MOMMTy ₁ Ua BkicoKOBomTiioro HMπynBca, [KB]; n — K0Hii;eHτpai];Ha Moπeκyπ B eflHHHiie oβteivia pa3paflHoϋ ceκi^HH, [CM ^" ], V - cKopocTt flBHJKcππa paSoπet cMecH B pa3paflHofi ceKiiHH, [CM/C]. yκa3aHHbie 3HaieHHH nepuoAa πoBTopeiiHa HMπynicoB (f _mn ) o6ecπeHHBarøτ oflHopoλHOCTi. (oτcyτcτBκe «πpocκoκa» ra3a) Bosδyacfleirøa ra3a B πpoioiHOM peaαiMe paβoTH (/J _1M11 > V/L) H BHcoKyϊo 3φφeκτHBHθcτ& cBJTbHOHepaBMOBecHoro pe>KHMa B036y>κflciiHa HaHθceκyHfflHBiM pa3paflOM c BHCOKOH CKBaacHOCTbio (10 ²⁶ U/(n X L ² ) > / _HMπ ), lωrjiβ. BpCMa Mesiyiy HMπyjn-caMH πpeBEimaeτ BpeMa HMπyjiBca H oβecπeHHBaeT flocTaTOHHoe εpeM^t np.% peκoM6nHajj(MH πjta3Mi.i, BOCcxaHOBneHHa snc^TpH^iccKofi; πpoHHOCTH πpoMe^cyτκa H rapaHTiipyeT pa6oτy B BBiGpaHHOM λHana30He npnBe^eHHfcDc 3JieKTp-HecKHX πojieft (ycnoBπe 1).

B πpon;ecce 3KcπepHMeHτanBHoro HccneflosaHHa 3aaBneHHoro cπoco6a ycTaHOBJieπo BjiϊiaiiHe iiepaBHOBccHHx pa3pajα;oB Ha xapaκτepHcτHiαi XHMHHecBtHX πpon;eccoB ropcrma H peφopMHHra (cκopocτ£ pacnpocxpaHeHna, TeMπepaTypy, KOjmneCTBO πpRMteceή NO _x B πpo3yκτax cropaHHa H pp.). Jϊna. ropejioκ 6BIπO HsyπeHo BnnaHHe BO36yayieHHa ra3a HMiryntciitiM iiaHoccKyH^HtiM pa3p#λ0M Ha cκopocτt cptiaa πnaMeHH. BLEIO DKcπcpHMeπTaπtHO πojiyqeπo y&envLHeaue cicopocTH cpLraa wiaMeHH 6θJiee H$M B ana pa3a HpH 3HeprofiiαiaAe paapa^a weπee 1% oτ MomHocTH ropeπκπ. Ha ocHOBaHHH ^aHHbK, noJiyHeHϊibix MeτθλaMκt SMHCCHOHHOH cπeκτpocκoπHH, 6HJIO ycτaH0BJieH0, HTO yBeπππeHHe cKopocTH pacπpocTpaHcriHa iuiaMβHH csasaHO c 06pa3θBaHϊieM atoMapHoro icHCJiopoAa B pa3pane B pe3ynBτaτe TyiπeHHS 9_ieκτpoHiio-Bθ36yjκfleHHi.ix Moπeicyn a3oτa πa iaicjiopcfle, a Taoce «HCcon;Hai];HeH Mo^em. Ka ¹ IeCTBeHHO onnctiBana BJiHSHHe paspa^a Ha cKopocxb pacπpocxpaHeHHs miaMeHH. BHJIO

H3y_eHO BHHSHHe πacTOTM πoBTopeHHS HaHoceKyH^Hiax nMπyjn>coB Ha cκopocτE cp&iBa H MOiHHOCTb EUiaMeHW, YcTaHOBneHO, iτo c yBenHHeiraeM HHCTOTBI 3φφeκτ yBejnraemis cKopocTH ycHJiHBaeTca:. Taicoe noBe^enHe CEH33HO C #oπojπϊHτejiLHo:8 reHepannett -uα-ϋBMbix πacr^A E pa3paae. MOIπHOCTB pa3pa,na B STOM cmyiae πo-irpeacHeMy He πpeBHiπaπa 1% oτ MOIHHOCTH ropeπKH.

KpαntKoe onucαnue ≥pαφimecκux Mdmέpuαnoβ

Ha 1-paφn ^ϊ iecκHx MaTepπaπax, πo3CHjαoπi;κx cyiπHociB H3θ6peτeHH3, H3o6paa<ciio cjreAyiomee, Ha φπr.l — oβmaa cxeMa aiccπepHMeHTajibHOft ycxaHOBKH.

Ha φwr.2 — pa3pHλHaa KaMepa y^apHofl: τpyβ&i. ^HaπiocTHKa 3JieκτρoflHHaMHHeciαix xapaKTepHCTHK BBH.

Iϊa φπr.3 — ocqHJuiorpaMMH MHκpoceκyHflHoro jχHarra30Ha oτ AByx lUλHpeH- λaT^HKOB H φ3Y. Ha φπr. 4 — KPHBHθ aBTOβocπjxaMeiϊeHϊia; 20%-Ht.τx OMecefi yraeBOflopoflOB.

Ha φπr. 5 — KpHBHe aBTOBOcnnaMeHeHna 2%, 10^? Ά 20ψo cτeχnθMeτpHHecκHX cMeceø πpoπana c pa36aBj'ieHHωx aproHOM.

Ha φπr. 6 — icpnBBTe aETOBocπjiaMeHeHHH H KpHBtie BocππaMβHeHELa pa3paflOM 10%- HBγX cTexHOMei-pu ^q ecKnx cMecef C1-C5 c KHCjiopOAOM, pa36aβj.eMH£»tx aprOHOM. Ha φHtr. 7 — icpHBwe BocπitaMeHeHHa H icpnubie aBτoEocπjτaMeHeHHH 10%-

HLiX cτexH0Me'ipitfHeeκHX cMecefi C4-CS c icHcπopoλOM, pa36aBJieHHBJX aproHOM. riyHKTHpoM 0603HaHeHw CAEMγH πwoτeτHiecκHe τeMiiepaτypH BocπnaMeHeHHa, paccπHTaHHMc no RWUhM, κajκfloro 3κcπepHMeHτa πpπ paBHOBβcHOM MOssceHHH SHepraπ

Ha φϊjr. 8 — coKpaπ^eHϊϊe BpβMeπn 3HeproB&ifleJieHna: B cHCTβMe npn φHKCHpOBaHHOM SHeprOBKHane B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BCJIHHHHfeϊ ϊIpϋJ105KeHHθrθ

3JieκτpHHecκoro πojia ( E/n[Td] ~ U/(L*n) ).

Ha φπr. 9 — coKpaπieHHe BpeMeHH SHeproBBweKeHFS B cHCTeMe πpH φHKOHpoEaHHOM 3Ha^iCHHH BexEHHHEi πpujToaceHHoro 3JieκτpnHecκoro πQJIH 500 Td B 3aBHCHMoαπi OT pa3p«aa.

Ha 10 — πpHMep πpHMeHeHHsr HMπyjiBCHHX ρa3pS£cpB win tiHioipmpoBaHSZ Bocm.aMeHeHHH H HHτeHCHφ:_πcaHHH ropeHHH paSo^eg CMecH B pcaKTHBϊiHX λBHraxejrsK H

ropejucax c nenepeMeiiianHHM πOTOKOM.

Ha φET. 11 — τipHMep πpHMeHβHna HMπyjitcHBix pa3p*W>B flπa HHHtiHHpoBaiiiDi BocnjraMeHeiina H HHTeHcwφi-Ka.jHH ropeHHM paδoieϋ cMecn E asTOMoSantHOM flenratene BHyrpeHHero cropaHza. Ha φπr. 12 — πpHMep πpHMeHeHHa HMπyjiBCHHX pa3pflapB .qua HHHipiHpoBaHHs peφopMHHra ropeiπui paβcrøeH CMecH B iuia3MeHH0M peφopMepe.

Ha λeτoHanHθHHθfl BOJiHtT β aeτouai];HθHHθf KaMepe cropanna. Cxesia λeroHaipioHHOH KaMepH cropaHiaa: i - BBO^ BHCOKOγO Haπpa>κeHHa; 2 - πaicex pa3pasHBix τpy6oκ; 3 - κopπyc KaMepw; 4 - o6jiacτ& φopMHpoBawwa AβToπanEOHHOH BO^IHW.

Ha φjar. 14 - cxeMa pa3pa«HoM τρy6κH: 1 - λHSJϊβKTpHHecKHH CJIOH; 2 - BHcoKOBOJibTHfciii 3Jieκipofl; 3 - HH3K0B0JibϊHtiid: 3Jieκτpofl; 4 - o6Jiacτ£ φopMHpoBaHHH ra30Boro pa3pajι;a H BOcπλaMeHeiiHa.

Ocyufecmβneum U3θ6p&memιn

OcymecTBJteMHe aaaBJieiπ-ioro oπocoδa c oβocHOBaHHeM peaα-Mos 3iccπepHMciiτanBHo τoπnHBHθ-Bθ3jiyura-.rx cMeceft πpH ρa3jiHHHbix peacHMax H cpaBHeHHβM 3φφeκτHBH0CτH pa3iriαx MCTO^OB HHHHHHpoBaHHa BocππaMeHβMaa H HHτencHφHκaπ;HH ropeHwa paβoHcM cMeoH.

BxosamaH B coσraB aKcnepHMeHxanLHofi: ycτaH0BKH yaapHai. Tpyδa nmpoκo

Hcπojib3yeτca AJi^ icomponapyeMoro nonyneHHsi EBϊCOIODC TeMneparyp npa HCCjreaoBaHKtH φHSHKO-xHMHHecKHx nponeccoB B ra3e. npn pa3pa6oτκe 3aaBJieHHoro cπocoβa yπapπaa τpy6a Hcπojπ>3θEa].aci> pjw. iiarpeBa ra3a, 3a φpoHTOM crpaiiceππoS: y^apHoS BOJIHBI ρeajiH30BHBajica HaπoceκyHAHtifi peβpap,.

KHfl yflapHoi. τpy6H, Hcnojib3OBaBUia«CH B 3κcπcpHMeHτax, HMe^a rrpflMoyrojϋHoe

BHyrpeHHee cenei-ine 25 x 25 MM H cooToaπa H3 cτajα.Hoil n flHsneKTpHHecKOH Hacτefi, coeflHHeHHbPc ueyKfly coδofi: (φiar. 1). flH3πeκrpHHecκaJi ceκti;HH Mfljianaci. saBepiπaiomeH

HacTbio KHJ\. Topeii ynapHoM τpy6&τ, pasMemaBiiiHHca B λHθjicκrpH<-iecκoft oeκn;EB:, aBJiaπca BRCOKOBOJIBTHBIM 3JieκτpoflθM, OT κoτoporo pa3βHBai[ca pa3pa.ii;.

B 3κcπepHMeHτax no socnjϊaMciicHHio CMeceii c πoMomtio BticoKocicopociEOH BOJiH&i HθfϊH3aμHH HauoceKyiiAiitiM ρa3pjm co3flasaπca B HarρeτoM 3a

oτpεHκeHHoif ynapHoft BOJϊHOH ra3e. Hkπyji&cHas TexHHKa., npenHasHaHemias flna renepamui BHcoKHx MθBQ(HθcτeH B πJia3Mci-H0M 3iccπepHMeHτe, OCHOBaHa sa npaweHeHHH 9JxeicτpθMarHHTHi>κ HaκoπHτeneϋ aaepπiH H paβoτaeτ oβuqHo no cxeMe: πepBiπHHH

HaKoπHTcnL anepri-H —> ^■ κoMMyτ?ipyioiπcc ycxpoftcxBo -* φopMHpoBaτejn. HMπyjitcoB → KOMMyTHpyϊomee ycipoH JMKBΆ — * Harpy3κa. paspsrøa Mcnojn.3OBaitca: flecaTHKacicaflHWft reHepaτop FHH-9. Kopπyc FMH 6Hπ HaπoJmeH a3oτoM flo ^aBJieHHa 3.6 aτM. _» HTO πO3BOJIHJIO πojiyHHTt HMr(yπi _> cbi flo 250 KB. fleτajrtHoe cτpoeπκe pa3pλflHot KaMepH H3θ6ρa>κeHθ Ha φπr. 2. BwcoKOBojibTHuM jiaτyHHtiH 9jieκτpoA πoMemanca B TopijeBoi- 4acτH κaiviepH τaκ ₅ ^rro ero aφφoicTHBHaa riOEβpxHocTb (KOHτaKTHpyiomaa co CMecBio) pacnoπaraπaci. 3ano«irn ^" Ao c TopneM KH^, KaK πpe^cTaBneHo w:a φHγ. 2. Pa3pas pa3BHBajica OT BHCOKOBOJIKγHOγO 3Jieκτpofla H 3aMBπcaκc^ wa cτam>Hyκ> 3a3eMJiciiHyK> πacTB κaMep&i HH3κoro AaBnerces.

B icaacAOM 3κcπepHMeHτe fleτeκτϊipoBajioc6 H3Jiy^eHHe CH (λ=431 MM, A ² δ -→ X ² Tl) JIH6O OH (λ s 306 MM, A ² σ → X ² II) no H3JiyHeHHK) CH HJIH OH pa#HκajiθB Ha cooTB ^β TCϊByioυrøx juiHHax BOJm. XaparcTβpHbie B 3κcπepHMeHτax, Ha φπr. 3. riorpeππiocTϊ. -.3MepeHHa εpeMeHH 3aflepaaca BocπjiaMerieiiHa oineimBanacb πe βoπee KQU B 10 MKC.

Jl)UL πposepKH coBπaaciraa BpeMea HHϋyKHHH BocπnaMeπeHtta, npoee^eHHiax c λeϊeκτwpoBaHHeM nsaynenna CH H OH parnncanoB, 6HJI πpoaeπeH 3κcπepHMeHτ no oπpeλejieHHio BpeMeπ HHAyKHHH B 6yτaHo-KHcπopθAH0H cτexκoMeτpHHecκo≤: cMβCH, pa36aBjieHHoz aproπoM πa 20% (Pa36aBJieHHe cωecefi aproHOM - THπoεaa Mβ'rOλHKa, Hcπo ^j π.3yeMaH peaKHHfi). KaK BHλπO H3 φwr. 4, KpHBBie 3aBHCHMocτH BpeMeH 3a,zi;ep>κκH BocmraMeHeHHa OT τeMπepaτypϊ>i 3a OTpaaceHHOE yflapHOH BOπHOH coBπaAaioϊ jum. H3MepeHHt πpoBejueHHwx πpH _λ eτeκτHpoBaHHH va ^j iyH&mia. paflHKajia OH H CH, cooτBeτcτBeππo (λ=306 MM) H (λ=431 MM).

HsMepeMHH πapaMeipoB BϊJCOKOCKOPOCTHOH BOJπϊM no«H3au;HH (BBH) BKnroHann B ceβa H3MepeHHe τoκa a na^emia Haπpa^ceHHS & pasparanoM πpoMeacyπce B 3aBi-iCHM0CTH oτ BpcMeHH βjiπ oπpeflejieHHa oπeproBKnafla HMπyntca B ra3 3a oτpaaceHHθH y^apHot BOJIHOH H HaπpH>κeHHocxa πoπa BBH c HaptoceκyHλHBiM pa3pemeHHeM. Taκ»ce B HaHoceKyKAH&je

H3MepeHHs BXOλHJIO fleτeκτHpθBaiiHe H3jiyHeHHH CH paflHKana npπ pacπpocxpaHeHHH BBH no poMe3κyτκy, πoτeHn;Haπa B pa3paaH0H icaMepe no RByM ocrpuiiiorpaMMaM, c eMKocTHHX flarranicoB. EMKOOTHbie λafϊHicH πpH H3MepeHHHX pacπoitaranH MKKfly 3a3eMJϊei-HJϋtM 3κpaπoM H pa3pa£Hofi cerøiefi (Cl H C2 Ha φHγ, 4) TIpoXo^aa eMKOcTE. cocTaBjiajia 460 ttφ. βns. peracTpan^an cHrHsiπa ncnojitsoBaiica ociiHJiπorpaφ Tektronix TDS-3054 (tiπ-piϊiϊa πOJIOCH nponycKaHHH 400 MTD;) C BXOHHBIM coπpoTMBλerøeM 50 OM. TOK B pa3pa#HOM H3MepaJica c πOMOIJ-OλO MarHHTo- TOKOBOγO flaTqHKa. ITo pa3H0Crκt cHrHaπoB c CMKOCTHBIX flaτ^κκoB onpejjejiHJiocb πaflβHHe πoτeHuπaπa δU(t) = U2(t)-Ui(t) Ha yπaCTKe, BKjnoHaiom;eM ceneirae Ha5 ^j noja;eHHa. HaπpjDKemϊOCTjE. aneKxpHqecKoro πojia ouemiBairacfe κaic E ~ δU/L, r^e L - paccτoJ-Hκe flaTqHKaMH. IIJIOTHOCTE. 3jieicipojiOB H3 TOMepemafi τoκa B πpe,nπoλ[o?κ;eaϊ3Qa, HTO TOK TCTBST paBHOMepHo no ce^enaito paspa^pioro ycrpoHCTBa: J(I) = n _c (t)Vd _r E(t) S ₃ rfle J - H3MepeHHaa BβjisraaHa DjieKTpnTiecKoro τoκa, τi _e - HcicoMaa πJIOTHOCTB 9JieκτpoH0B ₇ V _d r - λpcπφoBas cKopocxB ffBHaceHHst 3jreκϊpθHθB B TeKymαvt πpHseneHHOM 3jieκτpHHecκoM πoJie E/n(t), S - πnomaλE πoπepe ^ι iHoro pa3paflπoro ycτpotcτBa.

C ytieTOM H3MepeHH& roica, CHnxponH3OBaHHBK c H3MepemieM noTcnnnana, HaxoffBnacb BitoaceHϊiaa B pa3paA MOπIHOCTB B KaacflbiH MOMCHT BpeMeim:

P(i) = A U(r)I(r) 3HeproBKJiazi B ra3 oπpeflejiaπca: πyxeπ HHτerpHpoieaH-ϊλ DTOγO

BtipaaceHHH B πpcflπojioaceHHH πpocipaHCTBeHHOw 0/(H0p0λHocτH pa3psfla B o6teMe V = LS, rfle L - paccTosHHe eMKocxHtiivoa: λaTωπcaMH, S - ruiomazjB nouepennoro ceπ ^β HHa pa3paflHoro ycτpoHcτBa.

OjjHOBpeMeHHo c TOKOM H HaπpaDKeHHβM KOHTpoππpoBajiocL HsuyqeHπe CH p∑mHKaπa (nepexo# λ = 431 IIM, A ² δ -→ X ² Il) c HaHθceκyHflHBiM BpeMβHHttM pa3pemeiiHeM. H3ny"ieHHe, Ktixo^amicc H3 HH>KHCγO SHarHocTn^iecKoro oKHa paβoπero ceneHna pa3pa3iioH κaMep&i _; MOHOxpOMaTBa-ϊpOBajiocϊi c noMoiπbio MoπoxpoMaτopa MYM H perκcτpκpθBaλocb cHJibHOTo ⁱ jHbiM φoτo3JieκτpiPϊecκHM yMHOJKHTe^eM ]43Jiy~φT (CM. φar. 2).

Taftjiima 2. HccjieflOBaHHBie ropro^Me CMecm.

Alkane CH ₄ C ₂ H ₆ C ₃ H ₈ C ₄ H ₁₀ CH ₄ C ₂ H ₆ C ₃ H ₈ C ₄ HiO CsH ₁₂

6.7% 4.4% 3.3% 2.7% 3.3% 2.2% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1%

O2 13.3% 15.6% 16.7% 17.3% 6.7% 7.8% 8.3%. 8.7% 8.9%

Ar 8Q% 80% 80% 80% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90%

β npoijecce HccjieaosaHKH πpoBo^HJiHct oKcπepHMeHXH no BocrmaMeHeHmo cτexEtoMeτpHHCcκHx cMecet MexaHa, axaHa, πpoiraπa H βyraπa c KHCJiopoflOM, pa3βaBJienHtix aproπoM iia 80% (CM. xaδiraπuy 2), B0A0p0AO-BO3,nymHMX H MCTEHO- E03flyπiHBix cMeceft. OcHOBMtie ρe3y:π.τaτH OTHX 3κcπepHMeHτoB τφeμ.ctaκsieB.u Ha rpaφHKe 3aBHCHMθcτH BpeMeHH HHayKitHH oτ reMπepaTypH peaκn;HθHHoro ra3a 3a oxpaxeHJMoft yjEapirofi Eomioή B BHλC KPHBEEX aBTOBOwuiaMeHeHHλ, κoτopLie πpHBeβeiiH cpaBHβHiM c H3o6pexeH«eM (φnr. 4, 5). OcHOBHOH MaccHB paδoiHX aaHHtr?:, 0'JγP-15K--ϊOIHHX KHHcxiDcy πponecca aBxoBocmiaMeiieiiHa, 6BDI πojryπeH c Hcnojib3OBaHHeM CMeceit Meτaiia, axaπa, πpoπana, 6yxaκa M πeExaHa c KHcπopo^oM (CM. TaβjiHπy 2), pa36aBJieHHHx aproHOM Ha 90%.

9κcπcpnMeHXBi no mmrHHpoBaHino BocππaMeHeHHa HaHθceκyHλHHM paspa^oM npOH3BOAHJiKci, B cTexHOMβTpHHccKHX cMecax, pa36aBJieHHBK aproHOM Ha 10% (CM. φnr. 6, 7).

10% -e CMecH

CH ₄ : O ₂ : Ax = 1:2:27

C ₂ H ₆ : O ₂ : Ar = 2:7:81 C ₃ H ₈ ; O ₂ : Ar = 1;5:54

C ₄ Hi ₀ : O ₂ : Ar = 2:13:135

C ₅ Hi ₂ : O ₂ : Ar = 1:8:81

ρa36aEJieπiiu:e iia 20%: CH ₄ : O ₂ : M = 1:2:13

C ₂ H ₆ : O ₂ : Ar = 2:7:36 C ₃ H ₈ : O ₂ : Ar - 1:5:24 C ₄ H ₁₀ T O ₂ I Ar = ^lSIaO

CflEϊϊrH noporoE EocπJiaMeHθHHH RSIΆ icasKaoH H3 CMeceϋ HaβjπoflanHCB B λκaπa3θHe OT 200 RO 500 ⁰ K. Iϊpocne>KHBajτoc& yBejπraeHHe CABHγOB TβMπepaTyp BocπnaMeHCHHa JUϊΆ MeHee pa36aBJiei-iEκκ 20%-Hbix CMeceil, no cpaBHβHHio C CHJI&HO pa36aBjieHH&iMH. oTMCTHTi., H'ro 9κcπepHMeHTEi no πo,ϊpfCHry c πOMOIULIO BBH 10%-πoft CMecn CHj: O ₂ : Ar = 1:2:27 6JIH3KH K τaicHM >κe 3κcnepκMeHτaM B 20%-πOH cMecH CH ₄ : O ₂ : Ar = 1:2:13, no B oTjnπne oτ 20%-πoϋ, 10%-Hyro cMect lie aBTOBOcπjiaMeHeHaeM, B TO BpeMS KaK ocyn^ecTEλeH πoflaαir c HCnOJn ₁ SOEaHHe ¹ M pe^cHMOB npeflnojKciiHoro cnocoβa ,

Bo Bcex 3KcπepHMeHτax no HHHnHHpoBaiiHio ropβHHs B£icoκoBθjπ.τnHM HMny ^j iBCHfciM pa3paflθM πpθH3E0OTjrac& H3MepeiiHa τoκa H HaπpHxeHHa B pa3pawϊθM πpoMe»yrκc H Buraacjijura πJIOTHOCTB OHCprHH, EKJiafltmaeMOH B cMect BbicoKOBOuiTHbiM paapλMOM, J\nκ cpasHenna 3φφeκ'røBHθcτH πoflaαira HepaBHθBecHϊ.ϊM BjnojκeHHeM 3HeprHH (BBH) c paBHOBecHHM Harpe^OM πJIOTHOCTB sπeproBiαiaλa paspa^a πepecTαHTUEaπacϊ. B TepMHHecKHH iiarpcB cMecH. Ha φHT. 7 pacCTHTaHHLie pasHOBecHbie C^BHγH BocππaMeHeHMa 0603HaHCIiH πyϊiicϊHpHbiMH jiHHaaMH. BH^HO, HTO HepaBHOBecHHH cπocoδ B_τo«:eHHa oflHtiaicoBoro SHeprHH no3B0Jineτ yMeHtmHTB τcMπepaτypM£,iH πopor BocπjiaMeHeHHfl Ha C^BEγ, πoiryπaeMMH πpH paBHOBeciioM HarpeBe.

AMπjiHTyfla BHCOKOBOJIϊ.TMOγO HMπyjibca, orpaHH'qeHHajϊ ycjiOBHeM U [KB] > 3-10 x L xn, 3aϋ;aeτ BcjiHHHHy dpHBefleHHoro θjieKTpHHecicoro πOJTH E/n B paspa^HOM πpoMe)icyτκe iiocπe πepeκpHτiia ero BOJϊHOH πpoβoa Ha ypoBHe Btuue 300 Td, TIO o6ecne4MBaeT MaκcHMH3anHio 3HeproBκπafla pa3pa^a B sjieiα'pOHHMe cTeπeHE c&oβojχh\ H λHCCojαcHanHio ra3a.. Ha φπr.8 πoκa3aHa 3aBHCHM0Cτ& paccHETaHHoro BpeMeHH 3HeproBB33eneHHa B cMecπ Bo,_i;opofl-BO3flyx B 3aBHCHM0CTH oτ BeioraHHH πpHJioaceHHoro MaκcHMa ^j ϊLHBiH 3φφeκτ 3ocϊκraeτca B ffHaπa3θiie npa.Befl;eπHRix πojiea OT 300 AO 3000 Td. ripπ ijjiHTejibHoeTH HMπyjibca BHCOKOγO Hai"ϊpa_«eHHa, orpaHHVteiiHofi; ycjioBHeM < 3'10 ^2O x(LxR)/n, cyMMapπaa sHepras, BKnaflBiBacMaϋt & π ^j ia3My ra3OBoro ρa3pκ,αa, npeflOTBpamaeTcsi pa3BHTHe iieycτoήHHBθcτH pa3paji;a, cro uiHypoBaHHe H πeperpeB KaHaπa, HeM χocτHraeτca CHJiiiiiθHepaBHθBecHi _> iH xapaKTep ππa3MH HMπyπtcnoro pa3pafla H πoBHπiaeTcsr ero 3φφeκτHBHocτi. no cpaBHβHHio c

TepMKreecKHM HarpθBOM ra3a (φπr. 9). Ha πoicasaπo coκpameHHe vpeMeun 3HeproBκyi;ei[eHiia B CHcτeivie πpa φκκcHpθBai'iπoM 3HaHeHHH BeJiH ⁴ JtHHtI πpHJioaceHHoro sjieKTpns'ecKoro πona 500 Td B 3aBHCHMθcτH oτ 3Heproϊ-KJi_ma pa3pjma. Xopoiπo BHλHO, ito πpπ noBHmeHHH cyMMapHoii sHeprnn paspaAa npoπopiπrøHajibHaa fl]iHτejii>H0CTH BbicoKOBOλbTHoro HMrxyjitca πpH φHKCHposaHHOH aMπn ^" nϊyλe Harφaaα≥HHa) 9φφeκτHEH0CTB HepaBHOBecHoro B036γτκpβHϊiα CHH>κaeτca. 3φφeκτHBHθcτR pa3λM*ϊHfiix cπocoδoE EO36y5KfleHHa cpaBHHBaerca πpw EejiHHMHax 3HeproBKJiafla OKOJIO 1 ,3)K/CM npu HopMajiBHKK ycjiOBKtMX, 4τo orpaHHHHBacT fljπiτejibHθcτb HMπyjibca Ee ^j -H^Hiiofi

^ _M n[Hc] < 3-10 ²⁰ X(LxR)M, γλ© L - pa3Meρ πpoMeacyτκa, [CM],

R - coπpoTHBjieHHe πoqEoziamefi λHHHH, [OM] , n - KoimeHTpamis M0Jieκyπ B vjwπtαue oδteMa pa3pawiofi: ceκipiH, [CM ^" ]. KaK cjieflyeτ H3 H3JioaceHHoro (CM ¹ , φπr. 7), BO Bcex yrjicBOλopofl-KHcπopoλHHX cMecHX HaδJηOλanoct ycκopeHκe BocπjiaMβHeHHH πOλ B03λettcτBHeM offiHHo ^t moro BbicoKOBOJtbTiioro HaHoceicyiiflHoro pa3paβa no cpaBHeHmo c aBτθBθcπκaMei-reiiH:eM πpπ Tex Ke ycjioBHax 3a orpaHcetiHOH yAapaoϋ BOJπ-IOS:. B Btnne yκa3aHHBix λHaπa30Ha ^χ 'reMϊiepaτyρ H κaBJiews& coκpaiπ;ajiocϊ> speMa HHffyκnira n CHMacaπca τeMπepaτypHBiH πopor BoennaMβHeHHS.

OneHKH SHeproBicπa^a BRCOKOBOJπ,THOγO pa3pafla πoκa3aπH, HTO 3φφeκτiiBH0CϊL HepaBHoεecHOH HapaGoτκκ paλHκaπθB πpii BocnnaMeneiiHH BEnne B gεa - ieTtipe pa3a, HeM y paBHOBecHoro HarpeBa. C yMeHBrneHHβM oτHOCHtenBHoM icoHiiiCHTpanHH pa36aBHτejia B cMecϊϊ, aφφeicτ ycicopci-raa BocπjiaMeHeHπa BticoKOBOJibTHWivi pa3psflOM ycKλHBaeϊcsL flpHMepbl HpHMeHeHHJI HMπyπbCHbK HaHOCeKyHZlHWX pa3pϋX0B Rim. BocπnaMeHeHHH, HHTeHCHφHKaiiHH ropeHHa H peφopMHHra paβoHHX cMeceft

IIpaKTHHecKoe πpHMGHeHπe 3aaBJieHHbiiϊ cπocoβ M03κeτ ΉZ.WTH, HaπpHMβp, B peaiCTHBiiHK flBnraτejiax H ropejiκax c HeπepeMemaHHbiM πOTOKOM JWX HHHTprHpoBaHHH BocπjiaMeHeϋnH Ά JtϊHϊβHCϊiφHicauuH ropeima paδoHefi CMCCH (φπr. 10).

B 3τoM cπyπae πOTOK oKHCHHxeJia (BO3flyx) BXOOTT B KaMepy cropaHπa πocne πρeflBapHτejn,Horo c^caτna KOMπpeccopoM (ra3θτyρ6HHH£ie ji;BHraτeπH), CHtcτeMoκ BOJIH oκaτHS 6e3 πpeflpapHTejibHoή

(ropejiKH). B KaMepe πOTOK B03λyχa nepeMeiujnBaerCH c TOπJIHBOM H B Hcκoτopi.κ

oβπacTflx 3OHBi cweineHHH λOCTHfafOTCs ycnoBHH no cooTHomeHHio τoπtJiHBO/OKHCjii.'fe.'ifc, irpH KOTop&K B03MoacHO BOCIiJTaMeHeHHe (KaK αpajsHJio, cτexHθMeτpiτϊecκoe OTHOinenne ToππHBo/oKHCjiHTejib JTCHCHT B flπaπa30He 0,25-4, χoτa ** we orpaπiπHBacTca HM). Paepjm opra-.tϊ3yeτca B oβnacTH cMemciraa, B&BHBas nHτeHCHφHκanaκ> BOcrmaMeHeHHa H πepeMeiKrøBaHtfa iϊ3-3a noicantHoro BocππaMCHeHHs H τyp6yjτeHτnoro λBiraceHHa ra3a. ripHMep HcnojiB3OBaHHH H3θ6peτeHHa B λBHi-aτejiax BHyTpeππero cropaHMa πoκa3aH Ha φϊir, 11. Pa3p5m opraπH3yeτca B 3a3ope Me^ay γOJIOBKOH 6noκa EpjiHH,npoB H uopuTHeM, HHϊfTrøHpyM BOcriJiaMβHeKHe BO BceM oβϊiCMC πpπ HH3κoft KoimeHTpaiϊHH ToπnHBa B cMecH, ¹ TTO πPHBOHHT K yMeH&nieHnio BpeMβHH cropanHa, ciiH>κeiiHio pacxoaa τoπjiHBa H yMcntπieHHio K0JiH ^ι iecτBa Bpe^Hbix BbiGpocoB. ripHMep npEtMeaeHHj. MAOiyjifcCHtix pa3paflOB wis HiiHiπϊHpoBaH-κi peφopMHHra ropefflia CMecw B J7Jia3MeHJJ0Jvi peφopiviepe πoκa3aH πa φπr. 12. Pa3pa,n oprarcH3yeτcs B κoaκcHajπ>HθM 3a3ope MKigiy BHyxpeHHHM BticoKOBOJibTHtiM 3πeκτpoflθM H Biieπmefi cτeiπcofi: peφopMepa, HiiπqaHpya πjia3MeiπiHS κaτanH3 BO BceM o6ϊ.eMe πpπ BBicoKOH KOHEjeHϊpaHHH xoπjTHEa B CMβCH, HTO πpuBOλHT ic HH3i<oϊeMπepaτypHθfi KOHBepcHR yrjieBOλopoλHoro τoπtJiHBa B BOλOPOλ, cHHJKeHHio pacxoπa aHepraπ Ha πpoH3BθflEMoro BOflopofla H yMeHbiπeHHK) KOJiH^scTsa yrπeBOλOpOλOB πa Bwxoλe peφopMepa. πpHMep πpHMei-ieiE-ta: aastBJieHHoro cπocoβa PJIΆ HHHHsmpoBaiiHa βexoHaiαtiϊiϊ E

λexOHanHOHHbiX λBHrarejiax H KaMepax cropaHHa πoκa3aH Ha φκr.13. Ha φπr. 13 πoκa3aH O6ID;HH BB# ,fl;eτoHaii;HθHHθH KaMepH cropanna βoniiπioro ce^eiiHa, B κoτopoS cMOHTHpoBaHH OTflejitHBie pa3pafliiHe ceKDpH (φπr.14). Pa3pa^ opraπH3ycτcs B reoMexpHH c βapBepoM (flHθjieκτpHK, πacTHHHO πoiφtiBaEoimϊϋ HH3K0B0JitTHLr.i aneicipoa, φMr,14). Taicaa reoMerpna no3soxi-ae'r coxpaHKTb BUCOKoe 3Ha^eHHe 3JieκτpHHecκoro πojia B o6jiacτH pa3p^λa H πo3Bθπ^eτ Hcπojπ»3θBaτb oτH0CHτeni.Hθ HH3KHe HaπpaaceHHa fljia flocxH^ceHHa OλHopoflξocTH πna3MeHHoro o6pa3OBaiiHa

3-10 ^"17 > U/([drd ₂ J/2 xn) > 340 ^"lS

M Oitiocaicjibiio nM3κne BejiHHHHw cKopocTH pocτa HaπpjDKeHHs Ha πpoMeacyxKe τ _φ < 3-l0- ⁿ x L ² x n / U κaiviep cropai-HJi. Oco6eiffiocϊi.rø aaHHOH peajiH3aπ:HH pa3pπ,∑i;a sBjiseTca TO, ¹ HO BeHH ¹ THHa

npHBefleiiHoro nona B pa3pJWiiOM irpθNte>κyτκe O-ipeaeJiaeTCfl HaHMeHtπiHM paccToaHHeM MejKfly 3πeκτpoflaMϋ [d]-d2]/2, a BpeMS neρeκpBiπia pa3pasoM αpoMe^ϊKa H BBixo.ua pa3pa^a na peacHM icopoTKoro 3aMiaκaEϊ-a oπpefleJiaerca paccxojiHHeM Meaςαy

EbϊCOKOBOλtTHtIM H Tofi HaCT&K) HH3KOBOJH.THOIO, KOTOpaS Hβ HOKpHTa

.apaπeKTpHHecKHM cπoeM (φnr.14).

CπHCOK jπiτepaτypbi

1. T.Tachibana // Pioc. 26th (Int.) Sympos. on Combust, Napoli, 1996. WIP Abstracts. P. 3S5.

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