Title:
ILLUMINATING DEVICE USING LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2006/031037
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
Disclosed is an illuminating device using light emitting elements. The illuminating device includes a plurality of focusing lens sets (2) including light emitting elements and a lens assembly for gathering light such that the light radiated from the light emitting elements is directed to a single focusing point within a predetermined incident angle, a light transfer unit (3) spaced apart from the focusing lens sets (2) by a predetermined distance and including an optical fiber or an optical waveguide having a light incident surface formed at the focusing point and a light emitting surface formed in opposition to the light incident surface, and a light radiating unit (4) connected to the light emitting surface of the light transfer unit (3) in order to radiate the light generated from the light emitting surface toward a predetermined area. The light emitting elements, such as laser diodes or LEDs, are used as light sources. Light generated from the light emitting element is focused onto the light incident surface of the optical fiber or the optical waveguide spaced apart from the light emitting element by a predetermine distance, so that the light emits through the light emitting surface by passing through the optical fiber or the optical waveguide, thereby illuminating a desired place. The illuminating device effectively illuminates a specific area located within a short distance or a long distance (more than 1 Km) from the illuminating device. If the light radiating unit (4) is fabricated in the form of a projection lens set equipped with a reverse-zoom lens, the illuminating device maximizes the light efficiency in cooperation with an external device, such as a camera using a zoom lens.
Inventors:
KANG MYUNG-KOO (KR)
Application Number:
PCT/KR2005/002998
Publication Date:
March 23, 2006
Filing Date:
September 12, 2005
Export Citation:
Assignee:
KANG MYUNG-KOO (KR)
International Classes:
F21V14/06; F21V8/00; G03B15/02; (IPC1-7): F21V8/00; F21V14/06; G03B15/02
Domestic Patent References:
WO2000036336A1 | 2000-06-22 | |||
WO2001075487A2 | 2001-10-11 |
Foreign References:
US6219476B1 | 2001-04-17 |
Other References:
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2003-190508
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2001-245918
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2002071504, CCS KK
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2003-701442, KYOTO DENKIKI KK
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2005-398235
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2001-245918
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2002071504, CCS KK
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2003-701442, KYOTO DENKIKI KK
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2005-398235
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Kim, Seog-hyun (Daekyung Building 120, 2-ka, Taepyung-r, Chung-ku Seoul 100-724, KR)
Download PDF:
Description:
Description ILLUMINATING DEVICE USING LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE Technical Field [1] The present invention relates to an illuminating device for illuminating a specific area located within a short distance or a long distance from the illuminating device. More particularly, the present invention relates to an illuminating device employing a plurality of light emitting elements (especially, solid light emitting elements) for reducing power consumption and minimizing the size thereof, in which the il¬ luminating device selectively uses at least one light source for optimizing illumination performance thereof, transmits light by gathering the light generated from each light source using a light transfer medium such as an optical fiber or an optical waveguide, and projects the light in the desired direction, thereby efficiently illuminating the specific area. Background Art [2] A conventional illuminating device equipped with CCD or COMS used for a camera, stage illumination, night illumination, or an inspection camera mainly employs a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp or a mercury arc lamp. However, the above lamps have heavy weight and generate a great amount of heat while radiating the light, thereby inevitably causing power consumption. In addition, the above lamps emit light with a wide angle, so that only a smaller amount of light may radiate into the subject to be photographed, thereby lowering the illumination efficiency. To solve the above problem, a lamp equipped with a reflecting plate or a parabolic reflecting mirror for directing light in a predetermined direction has been suggested. However, such a lamp also represents insufficient illumination performance. In particular, when the lamp il¬ luminates an area located remote from the lamp, the illumination efficiency is seriously degraded due to the scattering characteristics of the light. Some of medical appliances use the above lamp by attaching an optical fiber to the lamp. However, the medical appliances may use a single large-sized light source having capacity of several tens of watts to several hundreds of watts. The optical fiber is used only for inducing the light generated from the single large-sized light source, so that the above problem may not be solved. Accordingly, the present invention suggests an illuminating device representing efficient illumination performance and superior light efficiency by employing a plurality of light emitting elements capable of lowering power consumption, reducing heat dissipation, and facilitating light gathering, in which the il¬ luminating device moves a lens connected to an electric motor based on data of an external device, such as a camera, to adjust a light divergence angle and a light focus, thereby controlling a viewing angle in cooperation with the external device. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [3] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an illuminating device fabricated in a compact size while representing superior light efficiency and reduced power consumption, in which the illuminating device can effectively illuminate a specific area located within a short distance or a long distance from the illuminating device. Since a single light emitting element may represent limitations in view of light capacity or other physical limitations, the illuminating device according to the present invention employs a plurality of light sources (light emitting elements) and selectively uses the light sources according to applications. Technical Solution [4] The present invention suggests an illuminating device employing a plurality of light sources (light emitting elements), in which light radiated from each light source is integrated with each other through an optical fiber or an optical waveguide, so that a light emitting surface of the optical fiber or the optical waveguide may serve as a single light source. The light radiated from the single light source passes through a reverse-zoom type projection lens set (light radiating unit) employing an electric motor such that the illuminating device can effectively cooperate with an external device, such as a zoom camera. Brief Description of the Drawings [5] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: [6] FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of an illuminating device employing light emitting elements according to one embodiment of the present invention; [7] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a body section of an illuminating device employing light emitting elements according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which a focusing lens set and a light transfer unit are installed in the body section; [8] FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating the structure of a focusing lens set of an illuminating device employing light emitting elements according to one embodiment of the present invention; [9] FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating the structure of a light transfer unit of an illuminating device employing light emitting elements according to one embodiment of the present invention; and [10] FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of a projection lens set, which is a light radiating unit of an illuminating device employing light emitting elements according to one embodiment of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention [11] The present invention provides an illuminating device comprising: a plurality of focusing lens sets including light emitting elements and a lens assembly for gathering light such that the light radiated from the light emitting elements is directed to a single focusing point within a predetermined incident angle; a light transfer unit spaced apart from the focusing lens sets by a predetermined distance and including an optical fiber or an optical waveguide having a light incident surface formed at the focusing point and a light emitting surface formed in opposition to the light incident surface; and a light radiating unit connected to the light emitting surface of the light transfer unit in order to radiate the light generated from the light emitting surface toward a pre¬ determined area. [12] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. [13] The present invention relates to an illuminating device employing a plurality of light emitting elements. The illuminating device includes a plurality of focusing lens sets 2 consisting of a light emitting element 33 and a lens assembly for gathering light generated from the light emitting element 33 such that the light is incident into a pre¬ determined focusing point within a predetermined incident angle, a light transfer unit 3 spaced apart from the focusing lens sets 2 by a predetermined distance and including an optical fiber 43 or an optical waveguide having a light incident surface 41 formed at the focusing point and a light emitting surface 46 formed in opposition to the light incident surface 41, and a light radiating unit 4 connected to the light emitting surface 46 of the light transfer unit 3 in order to radiate the light generated from the light emitting surface 46 toward a predetermined area. [14] The illuminating device having the above structure is shown in FIG. 1. Various light emitting elements, such as LEDs, laser diodes or laser generators, can be used as the light emitting element 33. Preferably, a solid light emitting device including the LED or the laser diode is used as the light emitting element 33 in view of the cost, power efficiency, compactness, and directionality of the light. In addition, if the il¬ luminating device according to the present invention is utilized as an illuminating device for an inspection camera used at night, the light emitting element preferably radiates infrared light such that targets to be inspected may not be aware of the inspection. [15] In addition, various lens assemblies can be used as the lens assembly of the focusing lens set 2 if they can gather the light (especially, infrared light) generated from the light emitting element such that the light is incident into a predetermined focusing point with a predetermined incident angle. The focusing point may not ex¬ clusively refer to a single point, but refer to a region having a predetermined area, which is formed on the light incident surface of the optical fiber so as to gride the light into the optical fiber. In detail, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the lens assembly includes a concave lens 34, a first complex lens 35 and a second complex lens 36, which are se¬ quentially aligned in an optical path in series in order to gather the light radiated from the light emitting element 33. In addition, the lens assembly fiirther includes spacing members 37, 33 and 39 for adjusting the focusing length of each lens. As shown in FIG. 3, the first and second complex lenses 35 and 36 are two pairs of conventional complex lenses used for gathering the light. [16] In more detail, as shown in FIG. 3, the focusing lens set 2 includes a hollow housing, the light emitting element 33 fixedly inserted into one end of the hollow housing and supported by a focus adjustment sleeve 30, the concave lens 34 and the first and second complex lenses 35 and 36, which are sequentially aligned in the optical path in series while being spaced apart from the light emitting element 33 in order to gather the light radiated from the light emitting element 33, and a spacer assembly consisting of the first spacing member 39 aligned at an outer peripheral portion between the concave lens 34 and the first complex lens 35, the second spacing member 33 aligned at an outer peripheral portion between the first complex lens 35 and the second complex lens 36 and the third spacing member 37 aligned at an outer peripheral portion between the second complex lens 36 and the other end of the hollow housing, which are provided to adjust the focus of each lens and to fix each lens to the hollow housing. In detail, the first spacing member 39 includes a ring, the second spacing member 33 includes a spacer, and the third spacing member 37 includes a stopper. [17] The light radiated from the light emitting element 33 is refracted through the lens assembly so that the light is incident into the light incident surface of the optical fiber. At this time, the incident angle of the light is adjusted such that the light incident into the optical fiber can be completely emit through the light emitting surface of the optical fiber. That is, the incident angle must have a value less than the numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber in order to allow the light incident into the optical fiber to be completely emitted through the light emitting surface of the optical fiber. [18] In order to allow the light generated from the light emitting element 33 to be ef¬ fectively incident into the optical fiber, it is necessary to finely adjust the focus and the incident angle of the light. Preferably, the focusing lens set 2 is fixedly aligned with respect to the light incident surface of the optical fiber while forming a predetermined geometrical configuration therebetween. To this end, the illuminating device of the present invention fiirther includes a body section 1. That is, the illuminating device employing the light emitting elements according to the present invention includes the body section 1 having a first fixing bracket for fixing the focusing lens sets 2 such that the focusing lens sets 2 are directed toward the focusing point, a second fixing bracket for fixing the light incident surface of the light transfer unit to the focusing point, and a supporter for connecting the first and second fixing brackets while forming a pre¬ determined interval therebetween. [19] The body section 1 is shown in FIG. 2 in detail. As shown in FIG. 2, the first fixing bracket of the body section 1 includes a plurality of holes 27 aligned corresponding to the focusing lens sets 2 so as to fix the focusing lens sets 2 and contact surfaces 26a to 26d making contact with the focusing lens sets 2 such that the focusing lens sets 2 can be inclined at a predetermined angle. In addition, the second fixing bracket of the body section 1 includes an optical fiber fixing plate 23 for fixing one end of the light transfer unit 3 having the light incident surface 41 and coupling members 24 for fastening the optical fiber fixing plate 23. Fixing members 25 are inserted into the supporter in order to fix the body section 1 to a predetermined frame. That is, the body section 1 can be attached to a mechanical section used for rotatably and movably fixing the illuminating device to a column or a wall. The predetermined frame means the mechanical section. [20] In addition, the body section 1 can be fabricated by using various materials. Preferably, the body section 1 is made from a material having superior heat con¬ ductivity and lightweight, such as copper, copper alloys, or aluminum alloys. [21] The light transfer unit 3 may include various optical fibers or optical waveguides. Preferably, the light transfer unit 3 includes a single mode optical fiber. In this case, the sectional area of the light incident surface is enlarged so that the light transfer unit 3 can be easily fabricated. In order to reduce an amount of light reflected from the light incident surface, the light incident surface of the optical fiber or the optical waveguide of the light transfer unit 3 is preferably treated with anti-reflection coating. [22] In addition, in order to protect the light incident surface 41 of the light transfer unit 3, a metal sleeve 42 is coupled with an outer peripheral portion of the light incident surface 41 of the light transfer unit 3. A metal sleeve 44 including a stepped portion 45 having a reduced diameter is coupled with an outer peripheral portion of the light emitting surface 46 of the light transfer unit 3 in order to protect the light emitting surface 46 of the light transfer unit 3. The structure of the metal sleeves 42 and 44 is shown in FIG. 4. Since the metal sleeve 44 having the stepped portion 45 is installed at the light emitting surface of the light transfer unit 3, the lens of the light radiating unit may not make contact with the optical fiber of the light transfer unit 3 when the light transfer unit 3 is coupled with the light radiating unit so that the light transfer unit 3 may not interfere with the light radiating unit. [23] In this manner, the light transferred through the optical fiber or the optical waveguide can be radiated onto a predetermined area requiring the illumination by passing through the light radiating unit 4 including a conventional light radiating device. In order to improve the illuminating efficiency by concentrating the light onto the predetermined area, as shown in FIG. 5, the light radiating unit 4 preferably includes a lens assembly consisting of at least two lenses sequentially aligned on the optical path in series in such a manner that a relative distance between lenses can be adjusted to control the focus or the radiation angle of the light. More preferably, the light radiating unit 4 includes a lens assembly capable of adjusting the focus and the radiation angle of the light. [24] Various lens assemblies can be utilized if they can adjust the focus or the wide angle such that the light emitted from the light emitting surface (which substantially corresponds to a point light source) can be radiated onto the predetermined area. In detail, the lens assembly of the light radiating unit includes a first convex lens 56 and a second convex lens 55 as shown in FIG. 5, or the lens assembly of the light radiating unit includes a convex-concave-convex lens assembly consisting of a first convex lens for gathering divergence light, a second concave lens for adjusting the divergence angle of the light gathered by the first convex lens and a third convex lens for gathering the light radiated from the second concave lens. As mentioned above, the light radiating unit may include a reverse-zoom type lens assembly. In order to allow the lens assembly to adjust the wide angle and the focus, at least one lens of the lens assembly must be relatively moved with respect to other lenses. To this end, as shown in FIG. 5, the illuminating device of the present invention iurther includes a lens moving shaft 54 connected to at least one lens of the light radiating unit for moving the lens along the optical path and an electric motor 52 connected to the lens moving shaft. In addition, a reduction gear assembly and a clutch box 53 can be installed between the electric motor 52 and the lens moving shaft 54 in order to finely control the movement of the lens moving shaft 54. These additional parts can be constructed by using various devices generally known in the art. [25] Since the main object of the illuminating device is to allow a camera to photograph an image, the wide angle and focus of the illuminating device preferably match with those of the camera and the lens installed in the camera such that the light (infrared light) can be concentrated onto the subject being photographed, thereby improving the image quality and energy efficiency. That is, the light radiating unit 4 includes a driving section for adjusting the relative distance between lenses, a controller for controlling the operation of the driving section and a camera for photographing the subject illuminated by the illuminating device. The controller may move the lenses by operating the driving section such that intensity of illumination can be optimized when photographing the image by using the camera. That is, controller analyzes illumination data of the image to be photographed by the camera and moves the lenses by using the driving section based on the illumination data of the image, thereby allowing the light (infrared light) to be concentrated on the subject to be photographed. Thus, intensity of illumination for the image is optimized so that a clear image can be photographed. [26] In addition, if the light radiating unit 4 iurther includes the driving section for adjusting the relative distance between lenses, the controller for controlling the operation of the driving section and the camera equipped with a zoom lens for pho¬ tographing the subject illuminated by the illuminating device, the controller can move each lens such that the light can be radiated onto an actual photographing area cor¬ responding to an image area formed in a screen of the camera. In detail, the reverse- zoom lens, which adjusts the wide angle in the same ratio as the zoom lens of the camera, is provided in the light radiating unit such that the light radiating unit can be zoomedin or zoomedout corresponding to the zoomin and zoom-out operations of the camera, thereby radiating the light onto the actual photographing area cor¬ responding to the image area formed in the screen of the camera. Besides above, various matching schemes can be utilized for radiating the light onto the actual pho- tographing area. [27] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to accompanying drawings. [28] FIG. 2 shows the body section 1 for mounting the focusing lens sets 2. The focusing lens sets 2 are inserted into the holes 27 formed in the body section 1 and contact surfaces 26a to 26d inclined at a predetermined angle are formed between the focusing lens sets 2 and the body section 1. The body section 1 includes the optical fiber fixing plate 23 for fixing the optical fiber of the light transfer unit 3, the coupling members 24 for fastening the optical fiber fixing plate 23, and three screw holes, which are formed at a lower surface of the body section 1 and into which the fixing members 25 are inserted so as to fix the body section 1 to the mechanical section, which is the frame, for rotatably and movably fixing the illuminating device. [29] Referring to FIG. 3, the focusing lens set 2 indoles the light emitting element (light source) 33 provided in the focusing lens set 2 while being supported by the focus adju stment sleeve 30, the concave lens 34 and the first and second complex lenses 35 and 36 for gathering the light radiated from the light emitting element 33, and a spacer assembly consisting of the ring 39, the spacer 33, and the stopper 37. The focusing lens set 2 is fixed to the body section 1 by means of angle adjustment fixing screws 31 so that a contact surface 32 making contact with the body section 1 is formed in the focusing lens set 2. [30] FIG. 4 is the optical fiber 43 of the light transfer unit 3. The optical fiber 43 includes the light incident surface 41, which is fixed and protected by means of the metal sleeve 42, and the light emitting surface 46, which is fixed and protected by means of the metal sleeve 44 having the stepped portion 45. [31] FIG. 5 shows the light radiating unit 4 in the form of the projection lens set including three screw holes for fixing the metal sleeve 44 having the stepped portion 45 provided at the light emitting surface of the optical fiber by means of fixing screws 51, and the first and second convex lenses 56 and 55 for adjusting the focus and the radiation angle of the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the optical fiber. In addition, the light radiating unit 4 firmer includes the lens moving shaft 54 for moving the second convex lens 55 in the left or right direction, the electric motor 52 operated based on the external signal applied thereto, the reduction gear assembly and the clutch box 53. [32] First, the light is radiated from the light source (light emitting element) 33 with a predetermined angle as external power is applied to the light source 33. The angle of the light is changed in the desired direction while passing through the concave lens 34 so that the light is incident into the first complex lens 35. The light emitted from the first complex lens 35 is substantially parallel light and the parallel light is incident into the second complex lens 36. Herein, the second complex lens 36 is adjusted in such a manner that the light is focused on the light incident surface of the optical fiber 43 fixed to the body section 1 by means of the metal sleeve 42 while being spaced from the second complex lens 36 by a distance of 100mm. The light emitting elements have their own light radiation angle according to the type, maker or rated capacity thereof. In addition, the emitting areas of the light emitting elements are different from each other, so that the focusing distance must be adjusted when the light emitting element is replaced with a new one. According to the illuminating device of the present invention, the focus adjustment sleeve 30 adjusts the focusing distance. In a case in which a high- power light emitting element above IW is used, great heat may be generated. Thus, the illuminating device is fabricated such that the heat is easily transferred to the body section through the focus adjustment sleeve and the focusing lens set, thereby preventing overheat. When the focusing lens sets 2 are mounted in the body section 1 , the contact surfaces 26a to 26d formed between the body section 1 and the focusing lens sets 2 are inclined by a predetermined angle. At this time, the value of the pre¬ determined angle must be smaller than the numerical aperture of the optical fiber so as to allow the light, which is incident into the light incident surface of the optical fiber, to be emitted through the light emitting surface of the optical fiber. In addition, since a contact area formed between body section 1 and the focusing lens unit 2, that is, the contact area formed between the contact surfaces 26a to 26d of the body section 1 and the contact surface 32 of the light focusing lens unit 2 is properly inclined, the light emitted from each focusing lens set 2 is gathered in the vicinity of the light incident surface 41 of the optical fiber 43 fixed between the optical fiber support plate 22 and the optical fiber fixing plate 23. In addition, the angle of the focusing lens sets can be finely adjusted by using the angle adjustment fixing screws 31. [33] When the high-power light emitting element is used, it is preferred to use fiised silica, glass or quartz optical fibers instead of plastic fibers. That is, the light is inevitably concentrated onto the light incident surface of the optical fiber if a small focus is created in order to introduce the light into the optical fiber. In this case, the light is converted into heat and the heat is absorbed into the optical fiber, thereby increasing the temperature of the optical fiber. Accordingly, if the plastic optical fiber is used, the light incident surface of the plastic optical fiber is melted, thereby sig- nificantly degrading the light incident efficiency. [34] Various optical fibers are available from markets. According to the present invention, a single mode optical fiber is preferably used instead of a bundle type optical fiber. This is because the bundle type optical fiber has a core diameter of about several microns to tens of microns, which is significantly smaller than a spot size of the light generated by the focusing lens set, so that light incident loss may increase. The light efficiency is very important in order to obtain the maximum illumination efficiency with the minimum power consumption. Thus, the surface of the optical fiber is finely polished and treated with anti-reflection coating. [35] The light emitting surface 46 of the optical fiber is inserted into the projection lens set, which is the light radiating unit 4, and is fixed by means of the fixing screws 51 while being spaced apart from the first convex lens 56 by a predetermined distance. At this time, in order prevent the light emitting surface of the optical fiber and the surface of the first convex lens from being damaged, the metal sleeve 44 having the stepped portion 45 is provided at the light emitting surface of the optical fiber. The light, which has passed through the light emitting surface of the optical fiber, is scattered with a predetermined angle through the first convex lens of the projection lens set. At this time, the second convex lens 55 moves in the left or right direction so as to determine the radiation angle of the light. When the second convex lens 55 moves into the leftmost side, the radiation angle of the light is maximized and when the second convex lens 55 moves into the rightmost side, the radiation angle of the light is minimized. When the second convex lens moves in a range of about 20mm, the radiation angle of the light is in a range of about ? 0.5? to ? 23?. Since the radiation angle of the light becomes increased as the second convex lens moves towards the leftmost side, if the illumination area is determined, the light can be properly radiated onto the illumination area based on the distance between the illuminating device and the illumination area and the radiation angle of the light. Thus, the light radiated from the plural light sources may act as if the light is radiated from a single light source. The second convex lens is moved in the left or right direction as the rotational force of the electric motor 52 is transferred to the lens moving shaft 54 through the reduction gear assembly 53. If the illuminating device of the present invention is equipped with the zoom lens, the controller receives the zoom ratio or the pre-set value from the zoom lens and properly controls the electric motor based on zoom ratio or the pre-set value by using a DA converter, thereby improving the illumination efficiency. The con¬ ventional zoom lens may adjust the viewing angle by changing the angle of the light incident into the illuminating device. However, the present invention adopts the reverse-zoom lens for adjusting the angle of the light emitted from the illuminating device according to the viewing angle. Industrial Applicability [36] As described above, the illuminating device according to the present invention employs the light emitting elements having the compact-size, low power consumption and superior light efficiency, in which the illuminating device can selectively use the light emitting elements according applications, thereby improving the light efficiency, lowering power consumption, simplifying the structure and reducing the weight of the illuminating device. Thus, the illuminating device according to the present invention can be easily installed in various places. In addition, the illuminating device according to the present invention gathers the light through the light transfer medium such as the optical fiber or the optical waveguide and transmits the light in the desired direction, thereby reducing light loss and efficiently supplying the light to the specific area away from the illuminating device. Furthermore, the focus and the radiation angle of the light are adjustable by using the electric motor such that the illuminating device can operate in cooperation with the external device, such as the camera, so that the light can be properly radiated on to the illuminating area under the given environment. [37] In addition, the light is concentrated in such a manner that the light emitting surface may serve as a single point light source. Thus, the following processes, such as designing for a lens of a light scanning unit, can be easily performed. [38] While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment and the drawings, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and variations within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [39]
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