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Title:
ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2016/057752
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
Devices configured to provide illumination and/or configured to be mounted in a light socket are generally described.

Inventors:
FOREST MARTIN (US)
DENNINGER MICHAEL (US)
BALIGA ARVIND S (US)
ERCHAK ALEXEI A (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2015/054625
Publication Date:
April 14, 2016
Filing Date:
October 08, 2015
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
BEON HOME INC (US)
International Classes:
F21V19/00
Foreign References:
US20130175923A12013-07-11
US20110233578A12011-09-29
DE10239840A12004-04-01
US20090009049A12009-01-08
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
BLACKWELL, Brandon, S. (Greenfield & Sacks P.C.,600 Atlantic Avenu, Boston MA, US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS

What is claimed is:

1. A hub, comprising:

a fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket; and

a housing connected to the fitting, the housing comprising a cavity extending through the housing from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing. 2. A hub, comprising:

a housing comprising an illumination source configured to emit light at a luminous flux of at least about 20 lumens; and

a cavity extending through the housing from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing.

3. The hub of claim 2, comprising a fitting connected to the housing, the fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket.

4. A hub, comprising:

a housing comprising an illumination source configured to emit light, wherein the housing is configured to receive at least one module via an interface of the housing; and a fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket, the fitting electrically coupled to the illumination source. 5. The hub of claim 4, wherein the interface of the housing comprises a cavity extending through the housing from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing.

6. The hub of any one of claims 4-5, wherein the hub is configured to emit light at a luminous flux of at least about 20 lumens.

7. The hub of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the hub is configured to emit light at a luminous flux of at least about 375 lumens.

8. The hub of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module via the cavity. 9. The hub of claim 8, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module via the cavity such that the hub and the module can be coupled to form a unitary body having an external surface area, and wherein an external surface of the module occupies at least about 0.1% of the external surface area of the unitary body when the hub and the module are coupled.

10. The hub of claim 8, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module via the cavity such that the hub and the module can be coupled to form a unitary body having an external surface area, and wherein an external surface of the module occupies at least about 5% of the external surface area of the unitary body when the hub and the module are coupled.

11. The hub of any one of claims 8-10, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module via the cavity such that the hub and module can be coupled to form a unitary body having a substantially smooth surface formed between the hub and the module.

12. The hub of any one of claims 8-11, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module having a volume of at least about 0.15 cm via the cavity such that the hub and module can be coupled to form a unitary body. 13. The hub of any one of claims 8-12, wherein the hub is configured to receive a module having a volume of at least about 13 cm via the cavity such that the hub and module can be coupled to form a unitary body.

14. The hub of any one of claims 1 and 3-13, wherein the fitting comprises at least one of a screw-type fitting, a twist and lock fitting, a BI pin type fitting, a fluorescent pin type fitting, a compact fluorescent type fitting, a bayonet type fitting, and a filament type fitting.

15. The hub of any one of claims 1 and 3-13, wherein the light socket comprises at least one of a screw-type socket, a twist and lock socket, a BI pin type socket, a fluorescent pin type socket, a compact fluorescent type socket, a bayonet type socket, and a filament type socket.

16. The hub of any one of claims 1 and 3-13, wherein the light socket comprises an Edison socket.

17. The hub of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the hub comprises at least one electrical contact configured to send an electrical current to and/or receive an electrical current from a module.

18. The hub of claim 17, wherein the electrical contact is located within the cavity of the hub.

19. The hub of any one of claims 17-18, wherein the electrical contact of the hub is electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub.

20. The hub of any one of claims 2-19, wherein the illumination source comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED).

21. An illumination system, comprising:

the hub of any one of claims 1-20; and

a module coupled to the hub via the cavity of the hub.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the module comprises a networking component.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the networking component comprises a wireless communication device.

24. The system of any one of claims 22-23, wherein the networking component is configured to communicate with a remote controller unit.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the remote controller unit is a portable electronic device.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the portable electronic device is a mobile phone.

27. The system of any one of claims 21-26, wherein the module comprises at least one power source.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein the power source comprises a battery.

29. The system of any one of claims 21-28, wherein the module comprises at least one sensor.

30. The system of any one of claims 21-29, wherein the module comprises at least one processor.

31. The system of any one of claims 21-30, wherein the hub is coupled to the module via a physical locking mechanism.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the physical locking mechanism is configured such that engagement of the physical locking mechanism produces an audible sound.

33. The system of any one of claims 21-32, wherein the module comprises at least one audio device.

34. The system of any one of claims 21-33, wherein the module comprises at least one video device.

35. The system of any one of claims 21-34, wherein the hub and the module form a unitary body having an external surface area, wherein an external surface of the module occupies at least about 0.1% of the external surface area of the unitary body.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein the hub and the module form a unitary body having an external surface area, wherein an external surface of the module occupies at least about 5% of the external surface area of the unitary body. 37. The system of any one of claims 21-36, wherein the hub and the module form a unitary body having a substantially smooth surface formed between the hub and the module.

38. The system of any one of claims 21-37, wherein the module has a volume of at least about 0.15 cm3.

39. The system of any one of claims 21-38, wherein the module has a volume of at least about 13 cm . 40. The system of any one of claims 21-39, wherein the hub comprises an electrical contact, and the module comprises an electrical contact electrically coupled to the electrical contact of the hub.

41. The system of claim 40, wherein the electrical contact of the hub is located within the cavity of the hub.

42. The system of any one of claims 40-41, wherein the electrical contact of the hub is electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub.

Description:
ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/061,406, filed October 8, 2014, and entitled

"Illumination Systems and Associated Components," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Devices configured to provide illumination and/or configured to be mounted in a light socket are generally described.

SUMMARY

Systems configured to provide illumination are generally described. Certain embodiments relate to hubs which can be configured to provide illumination and/or can be configured to be mounted in a light socket. Some embodiments relate to

configurations of hubs and modules. In some such embodiments, the hub comprises a cavity extending through the hub, which can be configured to house a module. The modules can, according to certain embodiments, contain at least one electronic device. In some such embodiments, the module can be configured to perform one or more functions, for example, using the electronic device. The subject matter of the present invention involves, in some cases, interrelated products, alternative solutions to a particular problem, and/or a plurality of different uses of one or more systems and/or articles.

In certain embodiments, a hub is provided. The hub comprises, in some embodiments, a fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket, and a housing connected to the fitting, the housing comprising a cavity extending through the housing from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing.

According to some embodiments, the hub comprises a housing comprising an illumination source configured to emit light at a luminous flux of at least about

20 lumens, and a cavity extending through the housing from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing. The hub comprises, according to some embodiments, a housing comprising an illumination source configured to emit light, wherein the housing is configured to receive at least one module via an interface of the housing; and a fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket, the fitting electrically coupled to the illumination source.

According to certain embodiments, illumination systems are provided comprising any of the above-described hubs and a module coupled to the hub via a cavity of the hub.

Other advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of various non-limiting embodiments of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In cases where the present specification and a document incorporated by reference include conflicting and/or inconsistent disclosure, the present specification shall control.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, which are schematic and are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the figures, each identical or nearly identical component illustrated is typically represented by a single numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure, nor is every component of each embodiment of the invention shown where illustration is not necessary to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention. In the figures:

FIG. 1 is, according to certain embodiments, a perspective view schematic illustration of a hub;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the exemplary hub illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the exemplary hub illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary hub illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is, according to some embodiments, a perspective view schematic illustration of a module;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematic illustration showing the coupling of a module to a hub, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematic illustration of an illumination system in which a module is coupled to a hub, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 8 is, according to some embodiments, a perspective view schematic illustration of an illumination system in which a module is coupled to a hub; and FIG. 9 is a table illustrating a variety of fittings configured to be mounted in light sockets, suitable for use in various of the embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hubs that can be configured to provide illumination and/or can be configured to be mounted in a light socket are generally described. In certain embodiments, the hub comprises an illumination source. The illumination source can be configured, for example, to illuminate a volume of space (e.g., a room). In some embodiments, the hub can be configured to be mounted to a light socket. According to certain embodiments, the hub comprises a cavity extending through the housing. The cavity can extend, for example, from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing. In this way, the interior of the cavity can be open to the exterior environment around the hub (e.g., environment 180 in FIGS. 1-4). The cavity can be configured to receive a module. The module can comprise, according to certain embodiments, an electronic device, which can be used to perform any of a variety of functions. The use of a cavity extending through the housing between two exterior portions of the housing can allow for relatively easy coupling of the module to the hub.

Also described are modules configured to be coupled to hubs. The hub and/or module can comprise, according to certain embodiments, an electrical contact such that electrical current (which may carry one or more signals) can be received by at least one of the hub and module from the other. In certain embodiments, the module comprises an illumination source, in addition to or in place of an illumination source within the hub to which the module is configured to be coupled. In some embodiments, the module comprises at least one electronic device. For example, in some embodiments, the module comprises a processor (e.g., a microprocessor). The microprocessor can be configured to carry out any one or more of a number of functions, as described in more detail below. Other examples of electronic devices that can be incorporated into the module (e.g., sensors, networking components, illumination sources, etc.) are described in more detail below.

In addition, illumination systems comprising hubs coupled to modules are also described. According to certain embodiments, the hub and/or the illumination system (e.g., comprising a module coupled to the hub) can be used as a replacement for a conventional light bulb. In some such embodiments, in addition to providing illumination functionality, the hub and/or the illumination system can also perform one or more functions using an electronic device (e.g., a processor such as a microprocessor, a sensor, a wireless transmitter and/or receiver, etc.).

In certain of the embodiments described herein, the module can be relatively large and/or occupy a relatively large percentage of the external surface area of the unitary body formed by the module and the hub. Using a relatively large module can, according to certain embodiments, make removing the module from the hub and/or coupling the module to the hub relatively easy.

The illumination systems and/or articles (e.g., hubs and/or modules) described herein can be used, according to certain embodiments, to perform a variety of functions. Any of these functions may be performed, for example, using an electronic device (e.g., a processor such as a microprocessor, a sensor, a wireless transmitter and/or receiver, etc.) associated with the illumination system (e.g., contained within or otherwise integrated with the hub and/or contained within or otherwise integrated with a module). For example, the module and/or hub can provide, in certain embodiments, at least one function including but not limited to illumination, networking, power supply, thermal management (e.g., of the hub and/or module), sensing, audio output, image recording (still and/or video), and/or intelligence. A number of other functionalities are described in more detail elsewhere herein.

Certain embodiments are related to a hub. FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary hub 102. FIG. 2 is a schematic front view illustration of hub 102 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic top view illustration of hub 102 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a cross- sectional view of hub 102 shown in FIGS. 1-3, as taken through the dash-dot-dash line of FIG. 2.

In some embodiments, the hub comprises a fitting configured to be mounted in a light socket. For example, in FIG. 1, hub 102 comprises fitting 104, which is configured to be mounted in a light socket. The fitting may have any suitable form factor that allows the fitting to be mounted in a light socket. For example, in certain embodiments, the fitting of the hub comprises a threaded surface configured to interface with a screw- type socket, such as an Edison socket. One such example is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which fitting 104 comprises a threaded surface. Other types of fittings that can be used (as well as the type of sockets to which the fitting may be configured to be mounted) are described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the fitting is made of an electrically conductive material (e.g., a metal or another electrically conductive material). The fitting may be electrically coupled, according to certain embodiments, to an illumination source of an illumination system (e.g., an illumination source of the hub and/or an illumination source of a module coupled to the hub). In some embodiments, the fitting is electrically coupled to an electronic device of an illumination system (e.g., an electronic device of the hub and/or an electronic device of a module coupled to the hub). In some such embodiments, the fitting can be configured to provide power one or more electronic devices of the hub and/or one or more electronic devices of a module coupled to the hub. In some embodiments, a buck converter can be electronically coupled to the fitting and an electronic device (e.g., an electronic device of the hub of the illumination system and/or an electronic device of the module of the illumination system). The buck converter can be used, according to certain embodiments, to convert the electronic current received by the fitting of the hub to voltage and/or current level(s) suitable for operation of an electronic device (e.g., within the hub and/or within a module) to which the buck converter is electronically coupled (e.g., a networking component, a power supply charger, or any other electronic device described elsewhere herein).

Referring back to FIG. 1, hub 102 comprises housing 106. The housing of the hub can be connected to the fitting of the hub. For example, in FIG. 1, housing 106 is directly connected to fitting 104 at interface 107. While a direct connection between housing 106 and fitting 104 is illustrated in FIG. 1, indirect connections are also possible. For example, in some embodiments, one or more intermediate structures can be positioned between housing 106 and fitting 104. In certain embodiments, the fitting and the housing are connected such that they cannot be separated from each other without physically damaging the fitting, the housing, or an intermediate material (e.g., an adhesive) positioned between the fitting and the housing.

The housing can be made of any suitable material. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the housing is made of a material that is at least partially transparent to visible light. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of the housing is made of glass and/or plastic.

In certain embodiments, the housing comprises a cavity extending through the housing. The cavity can extend, according to certain embodiments, from a first exterior portion of the housing to a second exterior portion of the housing. For example, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, cavity 108 of hub 102 extends from first exterior portion 140 of housing 106 to second exterior portion 142 of housing 106. In some embodiments, the housing comprises a first opening and a second opening, and the cavity within the housing extends from the first opening of the housing to the second opening of the housing. The openings of the housing can expose the interior of the cavity to the environment external to the hub. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, cavity 108 extends from first opening 144 of housing 106 to second opening 146 of housing 106. In some embodiments, the cavity can be in the form of a channel extending through the housing of the hub.

The cavity extending through the housing can have any cross-sectional shape.

For example, the cross- sectional shape of the cavity can be, according to some embodiments, substantially circular, substantially elliptical, substantially square, substantially rectangular (having any aspect ratio), or irregular. In some embodiments, the cavity is at least partially enclosed by the housing. That is to say, in some embodiments, at least one pathway can be traced along the material of the housing that forms a closed loop around the cavity. In some embodiments, the cavity can be completely enclosed along at least about 50%, at least about 75%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or substantially all of its length, with the exception of an opening at the beginning of the cavity and an opening at the end of the cavity. For example, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, cavity 108 is enclosed along its entire length, with the exception of first opening 144 and second opening 146.

As noted above, the use of a cavity extending through the housing between two exterior portions of the housing can allow for relatively easy coupling of a module to the hub. For example, referring to FIG. 6, a module can be inserted into a hub by applying a force to surface 510 of module 500, resulting in module 500 being inserted into cavity 108 of hub 102. In some embodiments, a module that is positioned within the cavity of the hub can be removed from the hub by applying a force against an exposed rear surface of the module. For example, referring to FIG. 7, the module can be removed from cavity 108 by applying a force to surface 512 (illustrated in FIGS. 5-6) of module 500.

The hub may be, according to certain embodiments, configured to receive at least one module via an interface of the hub. For example, in certain embodiments, the hub is configured to receive at least one module via the cavity of the hub. The module can be coupled to the hub, for example, by inserting the module into a cavity of the hub such that the module at least partially (or substantially completely) resides within the cavity of the hub. Referring to FIG. 1, for example, hub 102 can be configured to receive a module via cavity 108. The module can be configured to be coupled to the hub, for example, via the cavity of the hub.

The module may, according to certain embodiments, comprise an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device may be configured to perform one or more functions. In certain embodiments, the module is configured to receive an electrical current from and/or transmit an electrical current to the hub. The electrical current transferred between the hub and the module may, in some embodiments, carry an electrical signal. In some such embodiments, and as described in more detail below, the electronic current received by and/or transmitted by the module may be related to one or more electronic functionalities performed by the module (e.g., electronic sensing (e.g., smoke and/or carbon monoxide detection, motion sensing, etc.). In some embodiments, the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1). This can be achieved, for example, by establishing electrical couplings between the module and the hub, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

In some embodiments, the module has a relatively large volume. For example, in certain embodiments, the module occupies a volume of at least about 13 cm , at least about 20 cm 3 , or at least about 25 cm 3 (and/or, in some embodiments, up to about 60 cm , or more). The use of modules with relatively large volumes can be advantageous, according to certain embodiments, as such modules can be easier to handle. For example, relatively large modules may be easier to pick up, add to hubs, and/or remove from hubs. It should be understood, however, that the embodiments described herein are not limited to those employing large modules and, according to certain embodiments, smaller modules may be used. For example, in some embodiments, the module occupies a volume of at least about 0.15 cm 3 , at least about 1.5 cm 3 , at least about 5 cm 3 , or at least about 10 cm 3 (and/or, in some embodiments, less than or up to 13 cm 3 , less than or up to 30 cm 3 , or less than or up to 60 cm 3 ). Modules having volumes of less than 0.15 cm could also be used.

Some embodiments relate to illumination systems comprising a hub and a module coupled to the hub via a physical interface. For example, the module may be coupled to the hub via a cavity in the hub (e.g., cavity 108 in FIG. 1). FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of exemplary module 500, according to one set of embodiments. FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration showing the coupling of module 500 to hub 102. As illustrated in FIG. 6, module 500 can be coupled to hub 102 via cavity 108 by sliding module 500 into cavity 108. The hub and module can form an

illumination system in which the hub and module are coupled to form a unitary body. One non-limiting example of such an illumination system is illustrated in FIG. 7, in which hub 102 and module 500 are coupled to form illumination system 700 (illustrated as unitary body 702). In some such embodiments, at least one of the hub and the module comprises an illumination source (such as any of the illumination sources described elsewhere herein). In some such embodiments, the coupled hub and module can be used as a replacement for a traditional light bulb.

While a single module is illustrated as being coupled to the hub in FIGS. 6-7, in other embodiments, multiple modules can be coupled to a single hub.

The module (and/or multiple modules) can be coupled to the hub through any suitable interface. In some embodiments, the module can simply be slidably engaged with the hub, with or without an additional engagement mechanism. For example, the hub and/or module may be sized such that, when the module is inserted into the cavity of the hub, the exterior surface of the module frictionally engages the exposed surface of the cavity of the hub such that a frictional fit is established. One such arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 6, in which module 500 is inserted into cavity 108 of hub 102 along arrow 602. In some embodiments, a physical interface between the module and the hub may comprise, for example, an indentation, protrusion (e.g., a ridge, etc.), or another feature on the hub with which the module or a feature on the module (e.g., an

indentation, protrusion, or other feature) mates. In some embodiments, the feature (e.g., an indentation, protrusion, or other feature) of the hub with which the module mates is included on an exposed surface of the cavity of the hub. For example, referring back to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, cavity 108 comprises protrusion 119 which can be configured to mate with indentation 120 on module 500 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5). In some embodiments, the hub and/or the module may comprise a magnet configured to attract and couple to a magnetic material within the other of the hub and the module. Designing some such embodiments in this manner can allow one to remove a module from a hub and/or add a module to a hub relatively easily (e.g., without disassembling or otherwise compromising the external surface of the hub). In certain embodiments, the hub and the module(s) can be configured to be removably coupled to each other. That is to say, a hub and module can be configured such that they can be coupled to each other and decoupled from each other (e.g., multiple times, such as at least 10 times, at least 100 times, at least 1000 times, or more) without substantially physically damaging or otherwise compromising the structural integrity of the hub and the module. As one particular example, referring to FIGS. 6-7, according to some embodiments, module 500 and hub 102 can be configured such that module 500 can be inserted into and subsequently removed from hub 102 at least 10 times (or at least 100 times, at least 1000 times, or more) without substantially physically damaging or otherwise compromising the structural integrity of hub 102 and module 500.

While the hub illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 and 7-8 is illustrated as including a single structure, such arrangements are not required, and in other embodiments, the hub comprises multiple structures assembled together. For example, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 8, hub 102 (illustrated as assembled with module 500) includes first portion 802 directly connected to fitting 104 and second portion 804 located within first portion 802. In this non-limiting embodiment, module 500 is coupled to hub 102 via a cavity within second portion 804. Other mechanical arrangements are also possible.

In certain embodiments, a module may be coupled to a hub by applying modest physical pressure (e.g., by hand). In certain embodiments, the hub can be coupled to the module via a physical locking mechanism. In some such embodiments, the physical pressure is applied until a physical locking mechanism is activated. In certain such embodiments, upon engaging the physical locking mechanism, an audible sound is produced. For example, engaging the physical locking mechanism can result in the production of a recognizable audible sound, for example, indicating to a user that the hub and module are correctly coupled. In some embodiments, removable modules may be held in place using one or more magnets, one or more latches, one or more clips, or similar structures. Such structures may be used to secure the module and/or provide an interface for electrical connections, which can provide for functional connectivity between the module and the hub.

In some embodiments, a module can be coupled to and/or decoupled from the hub while the operability of the hub (and/or the operability of any other modules attached to the hub) is maintained. For example, a module can be coupled to and/or decoupled from a hub while power is transmitted from a primary power source (via, for example, a wall or ceiling socket through the fitting of the hub) to the hub and/or any other modules coupled to the hub.

It some embodiments, the physical interface between the module(s) and the hub can be standardized in size and/or shape. For example, in some cases, within a given lamp form factor, all connections between modules and hubs may be standardized in size and/or shape. In some cases, all connections between modules and hubs may be standardized in size and/or shape across multiple (e.g., all) hub form factors. By standardizing the size and/or shape of the interface between the modules and the hub, the modules may be easily interchanged among different hubs and/or among different interface positions within a single hub.

In certain embodiments, the aesthetic design between the module and the hub can be standardized within a form factor (or, in some embodiments, across multiple form factors), for example, to assist with branding of the product and product identification.

In certain embodiments, the hub and module can be coupled to form a unitary body having an external surface area. For example, in FIG. 7, hub 102 and module 500 are coupled to form unitary body 702. Unitary body 702 has an external surface area that is made up of the exposed surface areas of hub 102 and module 500 when they are assembled as a unitary body (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 7). According to some embodiments, the module may occupy a relatively high percentage of the external surface area of the unitary body formed by the hub and the module. For example, in some embodiments, an external surface of a module can occupy at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, or at least about 25% (and/or, in some

embodiments, up to about 50% or more) of the external surface area of the unitary body when the hub and the module are coupled. For example, referring to FIG. 7, module 500 occupies more than 5% of the external surface area of unitary body 702 formed by hub 102 and module 500. The percentage of the external surface are of the unitary body that is occupied by module 500 would be calculated by dividing the sum of the surface areas of surfaces 510 and 512 of module 500 by the total surface area of the assembled illumination system in FIG. 7. In some embodiments, an external surface of a module can occupy at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, or at least about 25% (and/or, in some embodiments, up to about 50% or more) of the external surface area of the unitary body formed by the module and the housing of the hub when the module and the hub are coupled. Smaller modules could also be used. For example, in some embodiments, an external surface of a module can occupy at least about 0.1% or at least about 1% (and/or, in some embodiments, up to or less than about 5% or up to or less than about 50%) of the external surface area of the unitary body when the hub and the module are coupled. In certain embodiments, an external surface of a module can occupy at least about 0.1% or at least about 1% (and/or, in some embodiments, up to or less than about 5% or up to or less than about 50%) of the external surface area of the unitary body formed by the module and the housing of the hub when the module and the hub are coupled.

In some embodiments, the hub and module can be coupled to form a unitary body having a substantially smooth surface formed between the hub and the module. That is to say, in some embodiments, when the hub and module are coupled to form a unitary body, the external surfaces of the hub and module can be aligned such that there are no substantial discontinuities formed between the hub and the module. For example, in FIG. 7, hub 102 and module 500 are coupled such that a substantially smooth surface is formed at the seam 720 formed between hub 102 and module 500.

In some embodiments, an physical interface between a hub and a module(s) may comprise at least one air inlet and/or at least one air outlet. The air inlet(s) and/or outlet(s) can be configured such that modules that utilize air flow have mechanical features that provide access upon insertion. In some embodiments, air inlet(s) and/or outlet(s) between the hub and any modules that do not require airflow may remain closed upon connecting the modules to the hub.

According to certain embodiments, the hub comprises at least one connection configured to send an electrical current to and/or receive an electrical current from a module. In some embodiments, the electrical current received by the hub from the module and/or the electrical current transmitted from the hub to the module carries an electrical signal. In some embodiments, an electrical current transferred from the hub to the module is used to provide power to the module (e.g., to power any of the electronic devices within the module described herein). In certain embodiments, an electrical current transferred from the module to the hub is used to provide power to the hub (e.g., to power any of the electronic devices within the hub described herein).

The electrical connection between the hub and the module may be a wireless connection and/or a wired connection. In some embodiments, the hub and/or the module comprises at least one electrical contact. The electrical contact of the hub may be configured to receive an electrical current from and/or transmit an electrical current to the module. The electrical contact of the module may be configured to receive an electrical current from and/or transmit an electrical current to the hub. Referring to FIG. 4, for example, hub 102 can comprise at least one electrical contact 116 (e.g., an electrical contact pad, such as a metallic electrical contact pad). As illustrated in FIG. 5, module 500 can comprise electrical contact 117. The electrical contact can be made of any suitable electrically conductive material. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the electrical contact (e.g., of the hub and/or of the module) is formed of a metal.

In certain embodiments, when the module and the hub are assembled, an electrical contact of the module is electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the hub. For example, in certain embodiments, when module 500 is assembled with hub 102 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 7), electrical contact 117 of module 500 can be aligned with electrical contact 116 of hub 102 such that electrical current can be transported across contacts 116 and 117 (and, thus, between hub 102 and module 500).

In certain embodiments, the electrical contact(s) of the hub can be located within the cavity of the hub (e.g., on an exposed surface of the cavity, when the cavity is not housing a module). For example, referring to FIG. 4, electrical contacts 116 of hub 102 are located on surface 118 of cavity 108.

In certain embodiments, the electrical current transferred between the hub and the module (e.g., via electrical contact(s) 116 of the hub and/or electrical contact(s) 117 of the module) can carry an electrical signal. The electrical signal can, in some

embodiments, be received by a processor (e.g., a microprocessor) associated with the hub and/or the module. In some embodiments, the hub can provide electrical current to the module, via contact(s) 116, to at least partially power at least one electronic device (e.g., a microprocessor, a sensor, a wireless transmitter and/or receiver, etc.) of the module. In some embodiments, the electrical contact(s) of the hub is electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub. For example, referring to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, electrical contact 116 is electrically coupled to fitting 104. For example, a wire, electric trace, or other electrically conductive connector can establish contact between the electrical contact and the fitting. In some such embodiments, at least a portion of the electrical current received by the fitting (e.g., via a light socket) can be used to power an electronic device of a module coupled to the hub. In some embodiments, the hub comprises an illumination source. The

illumination source can be configured to emit visible light (e.g., light having at least one wavelength between about 390 nm and about 700 nm).

The illumination source can be contained within or otherwise associated with the housing of the hub in any suitable fashion. In some embodiments, the illumination source is at least partially enclosed by the housing. For example, referring to FIG. 4, illumination source 114 is contained within an enclosed volume of housing 106.

The illumination source can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub. For example, in FIG. 4, illumination source 114 can be electrically coupled to fitting 104 of hub 102. The electrical coupling can comprise, for example, an electrically conductive wire, trace, or other electrically conductive pathway between the illumination source and the fitting of the hub.

In certain embodiments, the illumination source is positioned near an end of the hub (e.g., an end opposite the fitting of the hub that is configured to be mounted in a light socket). For example, the illumination source can be positioned, in some embodiments, near the top portion of the hub and/or the unitary body formed by the hub and any modules connected to the hub. In some embodiments, the cavity of the hub (e.g., cavity 108 in FIG. 1) can be located between the illumination source and the fitting of the hub that is configured to be mounted in a light socket. The illumination source can also be located in other areas of the hub. For example, in some embodiments, one or more illumination sources can be positioned on one or more side portions of the hub and/or the unitary body formed by the hub and any modules connected to the hub (in addition to or in place of an illumination source positioned near an end of the hub and/or the unitary body formed by the hub).

According to certain embodiments, the illumination source and the hub are assembled such that removal of the illumination source requires separate steps of removing at least a portion of the housing (e.g., an exterior casing defined by the housing) of the hub and removing the illumination source from the hub. For example, in some embodiments, illumination source 114 in FIG. 4 cannot be removed from hub 102 without first removing top portion 122 of housing 106.

In some embodiments, the illumination source is configured such that the hub (and/or the combination of the hub and one or more modules) emits light at a luminous flux of at least about 375 lumens, at least about 450 lumens, at least about 600 lumens, or at least about 800 lumens (and/or, in some embodiments, up to about 2000 lumens, up to about 3000 lumens, up to about 6200 lumens, or more). One of ordinary skill in the art is capable of determining the luminous flux emitted by an illumination source using, for example, an integrating sphere. The illumination source may be used, for example, in a general lighting application. For example, in certain embodiments, the hub and illumination source may be used to replace a traditional light bulb. According to certain embodiments, the illumination source may emit smaller amounts of light. For example, in some embodiments, the illumination source is configured such that the hub (and/or the combination of the hub and one or more modules) emits light at a luminous flux of at least about 20 lumens, at least about 50 lumens, at least about 100 lumens, or at least about 200 lumens (and/or, in some embodiments, less than or up to about 375 lumens, less than or up to about 2000 lumens, less than or up to about 3000 lumens, or less than or up to about 6200 lumens). Illumination sources having a luminous flux of less than 20 lumens could also be used.

Any suitable type of illumination source can be used in association with the illumination systems and components described herein. In some embodiments, the illumination source is an omnidirectional illumination source. For example, in FIG. 4, illumination source 114 is illustrated as being an omnidirectional source, as light (indicated by arrows extending our from source 114) is emitted in substantially all directions. The use of omnidirectional sources is not required, however, and in other embodiments, the illumination source can be a directional illumination source.

In some embodiments, the illumination source is a solid-state illumination source. For example, in some embodiments, the illumination source comprises one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Color and/or white LEDs can be used, according to certain embodiments. The use of a solid-state illumination source (such as LEDs) in association with the hub (and/or module) can allow one to more easily integrate the hub (and/or module) with other solid-state components (e.g., solid-state sensors or any of the other solid-state components described herein). However, the illumination sources described herein are not limited to those comprising an LED, and in certain

embodiments, other, non-solid-state illumination sources (e.g., incandescent sources, HID sources, fluorescent sources, etc.) can be used as illumination sources. The illumination source can include a single light-emitting unit multiple light- emitting units. For example, in some embodiments, multiple light-emitting units can be used to create a light pattern (e.g., a specified beam pattern).

In some embodiments in which the hub comprises a solid-state illumination source(s) (e.g., an LED illumination source), additional electronics may be incorporated with the hub, such as a metal-core printed circuit board (MCPCB), driver, and/or controller electronics.

While embodiments in which the illumination source is coupled to the hub are primarily described, in other embodiments, the illumination source could be coupled to the module (in addition to or in place of an illumination source coupled to the hub associated with the module). The illumination source coupled to the module can have any of the properties of illumination sources coupled to the hub, as described elsewhere herein.

As described elsewhere herein, the module can be configured to perform one or more functions. Such functions can be performed, according to certain embodiments, using an electronic device (e.g., a microprocessor, a sensor, wireless transmitter and/or receiver, etc.) associated with the module.

In some embodiments, a module can comprise a networking component. The networking component can provide networking capabilities. In certain embodiments, the networking component comprises a transmitter and/or receiver configured to transmit and/or receive electrical signals. The networking component of a module can be a wireless networking device, in certain embodiments. For example, in certain

embodiments, the module comprises a component for wirelessly transmitting signals, for example, via WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, ANT+, an infrared signal, an ISM radio band, ultrasound, and/or EnOcean standards and protocols. In certain embodiments, the hub may contain a single chip transceiver. In some embodiments, the module comprises a wireless node, for example, to connect to a home wireless network (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, and the like). The wireless node may be configured, according to some embodiments, to communicate with other devices in the home and/or with other actuators configured to control the bulb. In some embodiments in which the wireless network is connected to the Internet, the module can be configured to be controlled from outside the home (e.g., via a smart phone, PC terminal, and the like). In some embodiments, the module comprises a wireless home network range extender (e.g., WiFi repeater). In certain embodiments, the networking component can be configured to communicate with remote devices. For example, in some embodiments, the networking component of a module can be used to communicate with another hub, with another module (coupled to the same hub and/or a different hub), or with a peripheral device (e.g. a mobile phone, a television remote control, a light remote control, and/or a smart watch). In some embodiments, the peripheral device can be configured to control an electronic device in the module. Additional non-limiting examples of remote peripherals include, but are not limited to, devices that notify users of appliances (e.g., an oven) left in the "on" position, a wireless doorbell, a lost-item locator, and/or a security device. In some embodiments, the networking component of the module can be configured to communicate with a portable electronic device such as a cell phone. In one particular embodiment, an application (also sometimes referred to as an "app") of a cell phone or other portable electronic device can be configured such that the device can communicate with the networking component of the module. The networking component may be configured to communicate with multiple devices (e.g., more than one of a remote controller unit, another module associated with another hub, and/or another hub).

In some embodiments, the networking component of the module can be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the networking component can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the networking component can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the networking component) from fitting 104 of hub 102 (in addition to or in place of power received by the networking component from another power source, such as a battery or capacitor, as described in more detail below).

The module can comprise, according to some embodiments, at least one power source. For example, in certain embodiments, the module comprises a power supply. The power supply may be, but is not limited to, a battery (e.g., primary and/or secondary batteries including, for example, an alkaline battery, a rechargeable lithium ion battery, and the like), a capacitor (e.g., a supercapacitor), or any other suitable power supply.

The power supply may be used, for example, for powering an illumination source and/or another electronic device of the module. For example, the power source can be electrically coupled to any of the electronic devices described herein as being electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the hub, an electrical contact of the module, and/or the fitting of the hub. In some embodiments, the power source can provide power to any of the electronic devices described herein (in place of or in addition to the power supplied to any of these devices via the fitting of the hub).

The power source can be used, according to certain embodiments, to maintain operation of the module when the module is not receiving power from (e.g., is not connected to) an external power source (e.g., via the hub, such as via the electrical socket fitting of the hub). In some embodiments, a power source associated with a module can supply power to a hub (e.g., during a power outage), in addition to or in place of providing power to the module.

In some embodiments, the power source of the module can be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the power source of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the power source can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to charge the power source) from fitting 104 of hub 102.

It should be understood that the modules described herein do not necessarily include a power source, and that in some embodiments, the module does not contain a power source. Modules without power sources may receive power, for example, via the hub (e.g., via the fitting of the hub and/or from a power source, such as a battery and/or a capacitor, located within the hub).

In some embodiments, the module comprises a sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor produces a detectible electrical signal in response to an external stimulus. In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a chemical sensor. The sensor comprises, in certain embodiments, an optical sensor (e.g., configured to determine the presence and/or absence of light).

In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a smoke sensor (e.g., a photoelectric smoke sensor, an ionization smoke sensor, and the like). In some such embodiments, the smoke sensor can be part of a smoke alarm system. In some embodiments, the sensor comprises a carbon monoxide sensor, which can be, according to certain embodiments, part of a carbon monoxide alarm system.

In one set of embodiments, the sensor comprises an optical sensor configured to detect motion. In one set of embodiments, the sensor comprises an optical sensor configured to determine whether a room is occupied by a person or animal. In some embodiments, the module comprises a motion or occupancy sensor that activates an illumination source associated with a hub to which the module is coupled when motion or occupancy is detected. The module may contain, in certain embodiments, a light sensor configured to reduce the amount of light output by the illumination source of a hub coupled to the module when ambient light (e.g., daylight) is detected.

In some embodiments, the module comprises a sound sensor (e.g., a

microphone). The module may be, according to certain embodiments, configured (e.g., programmed) to detect specific sounds (e.g., a security siren, glass breakage, a sump pump alarm, a door bell, a sound generated by an appliance, and/or a smoke and/or CO detector alarm). In some embodiments, the module can be configured (e.g.,

programmed) to detect a custom sound (e.g., a crying baby, a barking dog, and/or customized alarms and/or chimes). In some embodiments, the module can be configured to detect voice control commands via speech recognition. In some such embodiments, the intensity of the illumination source (e.g., full illumination level, intermediate illumination level, and no illumination (i.e., "off')) can be control by voice commands. Voice commands could also be used to configure the illumination system.

Other examples of sensors suitable for use in certain of the modules described herein include, but are not limited to, sensors configured to determine and/or monitor temperature, sensors configured to determine and/or monitor humidity, sensors configured to determine and/or monitor the presence and/or concentration of particulates, sensors configured to determine and/or monitor the presence and/or concentration of gases (e.g. toxic gases).

In some embodiments, the sensor of the module can be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the sensor of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the sensor can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the sensor) from fitting 104 of hub 102. According to certain embodiments, the sensor can be configured to receive electrical current from another power source within the hub and/or module (e.g., a battery or capacitor) in addition to or in place of electrical current received from fitting 104 of hub 102. The module can comprise, according to some embodiments, at least one audio device, such as a speaker or any other device configured to produce audible sound. The audio device can be used to perform any suitable function, such as to play music, to sound an alarm (e.g., a voice alarm, a smoke alarm, a carbon monoxide alarm, and the like), produce audio feedback (e.g., voice feedback or non- voice audio feedback) in response to a voice command, to sound a doorbell, or any other audio function. The audio device of the module can, in some embodiments, be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the audio device of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the audio device can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the audio device) from fitting 104 of hub 102. According to certain

embodiments, the audio device can be configured to receive electrical current from another power source within the hub and/or module (e.g., a battery or capacitor) in addition to or in place of electrical current received from fitting 104 of hub 102.

In certain embodiments, the module comprises at least one video device, such as a video camera. The video device may be used, for example, to record video, to provide surveillance of a particular area, or for any other suitable purpose. The video device of the module can, in some embodiments, be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the video device of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the video device can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the video device) from fitting 104 of hub 102. According to certain embodiments, the video device can be configured to receive electrical current from another power source within the hub and/or module (e.g., a battery or capacitor) in addition to or in place of electrical current received from fitting 104 of hub 102.

In some embodiments, the module comprises a security device. In certain embodiments, the module can be configured to be used as part of a security system. For example, certain of the modules described herein may include cameras, speakers, and/or alarms. The security device may include, for example, one or more sensing devices in the module and/or hub. The sensing device may, for example, communicate information to a property owner, a security company, and/or local authorities. The security device can, in some embodiments, be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the security device of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the security device can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the security device) from fitting 104 of hub 102. According to certain embodiments, the security device can be configured to receive electrical current from another power source within the hub and/or module (e.g., a battery or capacitor) in addition to or in place of electrical current received from fitting 104 of hub 102.

In some embodiments, control signal specifications and protocols are used for at least one module (e.g., for each module connected to the hub). The control signal specifications and protocols can be used, for example, to control the illumination source (e.g., ON/OFF, dimming), to send sensors notification(s) (e.g., related to the presence of smoke, the detection of movement, the level and/or presence of light, etc.), to identify the module, to sound an alarm, and/or to regulate the power supplied to the module and/or a hub coupled to a module (e.g., to set a "wake" or "sleep" mode).

As noted elsewhere herein, in some embodiments, the module comprises at least one processor, such as a microprocessor. In some embodiments, the processor is configured to receive a signal (e.g., containing information) from at least one electronic device (e.g., associated with a module and/or a hub). The processor can also be configured to transmit a signal (e.g., containing information) to at least one electronic device (e.g., the same electronic device from which the signal was received, or to another electronic device). The processor can be configured to receive and/or transmit wireless and/or wired signals. In some embodiments, the processor of the module can produce a signal (e.g., based on a signal received by the processor from an electronic device), which can, in certain embodiments, be subsequently sent to an electronic device (e.g., within the same module, within another module, within the hub coupled to the same module, and/or to another hub).

The processing and/or intelligence functions of a processor can be performed, according to certain embodiments, using integrated circuits (ICs). The ICs may comprise for example of field-programmable gate-arrays (FPGAs) application- specific ICs (ASICs), other ICs, or combination of the aforementioned ICs. In some

embodiments, the processor can be constructed and arranged to perform one or more calculations the result of which may be used to change a property or state of operation of the module, a hub, and/or an electronic device associated with the module and/or hub. In some cases, memory may be used in association with the processor. Various

embodiments according to the invention may be implemented on one or more computer systems. Suitable processors for use in various of the embodiments described herein include, but are not limited to, those made by ARM, Texas Instruments, Atmel, Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Motorola, Qualcomm, Oracle, IBM, Samsung, and the like. In certain embodiments, various of the embodiments described herein can be implemented using a system on a chip (SOC), which may include, for example, a microprocessor, memory, peripherals, and/or low power wireless radio (e.g., Bluetooth smart). Examples of suitable commercially available SOC systems that can be used include, but are not limited, to those manufactured by Texas Instruments (e.g., CC2541), Nordic Semiconductor (e.g., nRF51822), and Cambridge Silicon Radio (CSRlOlx).

The processor the module can, in some embodiments, be electrically coupled to an electrical contact of the module (e.g., electrical contact 117 in FIG. 5). In some such embodiments, the processor of the module can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub (e.g., fitting 104 in FIG. 1) when the module and the hub are assembled. In some such embodiments, the processor can be configured to receive electrical current (e.g., to power the processor) from fitting 104 of hub 102.

According to certain embodiments, the hub can be configured to perform one or more functions (e.g., electronic functions). The hub may be configured to perform any of the functions described above with respect to the module, in addition to that function being performed by the module or in place of that function being performed by the module.

For example, in some embodiments, the hub comprises a networking component.

According to certain embodiments, the networking component and the hub are assembled such that removal of the networking component from the hub requires separate steps of removing at least a portion of the hub housing (e.g., an exterior casing of the housing) and removing the networking component from the hub. Any suitable networking component may be used in association with the hub, including any of the networking components described above with respect to the module (or others). In addition, the networking component of the hub can be configured to perform any of the functions described elsewhere herein with respect to networking components of modules (or others).

In some embodiments, all communication between modules is transmitted through the hub. In some such embodiments, the hub is configured to be a central processor that manages signals between a plurality of modules. In some embodiments, substantially all signal processing and/or other intelligence functions within the illumination system are performed within the hub. In some embodiments, the networking component of the hub is electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub.

It should be understood that the hub is not required to have a networking component, and in some embodiments, the hub does not include a networking component.

In certain embodiments, the hub comprises at least one power source, such as a battery and/or a capacitor (e.g., a supercapacitor). In some embodiments, the hub contains a backup power supply that provides certain functionality (e.g. air flow for monitoring air quality). In some such embodiments, this can allow operation even when the illumination source is not being powered by the primary electrical socket (e.g., during a power outage or any other situation in which primary power has been disconnected from the hub). In some embodiments, the power source of the hub can be electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub.

The hub comprises, according to some embodiments, at least one sensor. Any of the sensors described above for use in modules (or others) can be used in the hub. For example, the hub comprises, according to certain embodiments, a smoke sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a light sensor (e.g., a daylight sensor), an occupancy sensor, a sound sensor (e.g., to detect alarms and/or voice commands), a video sensor (e.g., as part of a security video detection system), and/or any other sensor described herein, alone or in combination with each other, and present as a single sensor or multiple sensors. In some embodiments, the sensor of the hub is electrically coupled to the fitting of the hub.

The hub can comprise, according to certain embodiments, a thermal management system. For example, in certain embodiments, the hub contains a heat sink, which can be configured to perform thermal management. The heat sink can be included to cool the hub (and/or modules and/or interfaces in certain instances in which the modules and/or interfaces are in thermal communication with the hub). In this way, the heat transfer area can be used to dissipate waste heat from the illumination source and/or modules. The heat transfer area may be positioned along any exterior part of the hub that is suitable for heat convection and/or radiation to the surrounding environment (e.g., air and/or surfaces in contact with the heat transfer area). The thermal management system can be useful for maintaining reliable operation of the hub and/or modules coupled to the hub. Active and/or passive cooling systems can be used with certain embodiments. For example, certain embodiments may employ a passive cooling system, which may include fins (e.g., metal fins such as aluminum fins) that transfer heat from the hub to the ambient environment. In some embodiments, a passive cooling system comprising a system of connected heat pipes can be employed. Some embodiments employ an active cooling system, which may include, for example, a fan, a liquid-based cooling system, or any other suitable cooling systems such as the cooler manufactured by Nuventix, Inc.

In some embodiments, the hub comprises at least one processor, such as a microprocessor. In some embodiments, the processor of the hub is configured to receive a signal (e.g., containing information) from at least one electronic device (e.g., associated with a module and/or a hub). The processor can also be configured to transmit a signal (e.g., containing information) to at least one electronic device (e.g., the same electronic device from which the signal was received, or to another electronic device). The processor can be configured to receive and/or transmit wireless and/or wired signals. In some embodiments, the processor of the hub can produce a signal (e.g., based on a signal received by the processor from an electronic device), which can, in certain embodiments, be subsequently sent to an electronic device (e.g., within the same hub, within another hub, within the module coupled to the same hub, and/or to another module).

The processor of the hub (when present) can have any of the processor configurations described elsewhere herein with respect to the module processor.

As noted above, the hub comprises, in some embodiments, a fitting that is configured to be connected to a light socket. The fitting may be configured, according to certain embodiments, to provide electrical current to any electronic device of the hub and/or to the electrical contact(s) of the hub that are configured to interface with the electrical contact(s) of the module. In some embodiments, the fitting of the hub is configured to provide electrical current to a module (and, in some cases, any electronic device of the module) when the module is coupled with the hub.

In some embodiments, the fitting of the hub is configured to connect to existing sockets (e.g., ceiling-mounted light sockets) in existing lighting electrical infrastructure. This can be achieved, for example, by including on the hub a physical interface that is identical or similar to the physical interface included in the existing socket. Examples of such connections include, but are not limited to, E26 connections, E27 connections, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the hub comprises a screw-type fitting (e.g., an E10

("mini screw") fitting, El l ("mini candelabra") fitting, E12 ("candelabra") fitting, E14 ("European") fitting, E17 ("Intermediate") fitting, E26 fitting, E27 fitting, E39 fitting, E40 fitting, EX39 fitting, and the like), a twist and lock fitting (e.g., a GU10 fitting , GU24 fitting, and the like), a bayonet style fitting (e.g., a B15 fitting, a B22 fitting, and the like), a BI pin type fitting, a fluorescent pin type fitting, a compact fluorescent type fitting, or a filament type fitting. In some embodiments, the fitting comprises an Edison fitting. Specific examples of fitting types that may be used are shown, for example, in FIG. 9.

In some embodiments, the light socket to which the fitting on the hub is configured to be mounted comprises at least one of a thread- type socket (e.g., a socket configured to receive an E10 ("mini screw") connection, El l ("mini candelabra") connection, E12 ("candelabra") connection, E14 ("European") connection, E17

("Intermediate") connection, E26 connection, E27 connection, E39 connection, E40 connection, EX39 connection, and the like), a twist and lock socket (e.g., a socket configured to receive a twist and lock base, such as a GU10 connection, GU24 connection, and the like), a BI pin type socket, a fluorescent pin type socket, a compact fluorescent type socket, a bayonet style socket, or a filament type socket. In some embodiments, the light socket to which the fitting on the hub is configured to be mounted comprises an Edison socket.

In some embodiments the hub (or the combination of hub and module) is substantially in the shape of conventional light bulbs such as recessed lighting bulbs (e.g., PAR 20, PAR 30, PAR 38 bulbs, etc.) or general service bulbs (e.g., incandescent Type A bulbs that may be used for example in table or floor lamps). In certain embodiments, the form factor of the hub (or the combination of hub and module) can correspond to a standard ANSI configuration, such as an A-series light bulb (e.g., A19) form factor, or the like. In some embodiments, the hub (or the combination of the hub and module) is in the shape of an A series light bulb (e.g., A-15, A-19, A-21, A-23, and the like), a B series light bulb (e.g., B-8, B-10, and the like), a C-7/F series light bulb (e.g., C-7, C-9, C-l l, C-15, and the like), a CA series light bulb (e.g., CA-8, CA-10, and the like), an S series light bulb (e.g., S-6, S-8, S-l l, S-14, and the like), an F series light bulb (e.g., F-10, F-15, F-20, and the like), an RP series light bulb (e.g., RP-11 and the like), an MB series light bulb (e.g., MB- 19 and the like), a BT series light bulb (e.g., BT- 15 and the like), an R series light bulb (e.g., R-12, R-14, R-16, R-20, R-25, R-30, R-40, and the like), an MR series light bulb (e.g., MR-8, MR-11, MR-16, MR-20, and the like), a PS series light bulb (E.g., PS-25, PS-30, PS-35, and the like), an AR series light bulb (e.g., AR-70, AR-111, and the like), an ALR series light bulb (e.g., ALR-37, ALR-56, and the like), a BR series light bulb (e.g., BR-25, BR-30, BR-38, BR-40, and the like), a PAR series light bulb (e.g., PAR- 16, PAR-20, PAR-30S, PAR-30L, PAR-36, PAR-38, PAR-46, PAR-56, PAR-64, and the like), a Linestra-type bulb (e.g., T-10 2-base, T61/2, T-8, T, JCD, JC, T-tungsten halogen double ended, and the like), a T series light bulb (e.g., T-4, T-4½, T-5½, T-6, T-6½, T-7, T-8, T-10, and the like), a G series light bulb (e.g., G-16½, G-25, G-30, G40, and the like), a BT series light bulb (e.g., BT-28, BT-37, BT-56, and the like), an E series light bulb (e.g., E-17, E-18, E-23½, E-23, E-37, E-25, and the like), an ED series light bulb (e.g., ED-17, ED-18, ED-23½, ED-28, and the like), and/or any form factor used in recessed light fixtures (e.g., LR4, LR5, LR6, CR4, CR5, and/or CR6). New aesthetic designs may also be used.

As noted above, the illumination systems and/or components (e.g., hubs and/or modules) described herein can be used, according to certain embodiments, to perform a variety of functions. For example, the module and/or hub can provide, in certain embodiments, at least one function including but not limited to illumination, networking, power supply, thermal management (e.g., of the hub and/or module), sensing, audio output, image recording (still and/or video), and/or intelligence. According to certain embodiments, the illumination systems and/or articles described herein can be part of a security system. Modules (and/or hubs) can be configured to provide a variety of types of functionality. For example, modules and/or hubs can be configured to provide one and/or more of: safety features such as smoke detection, carbon monoxide detection, emergency backup lighting and/or audio alarm; comfort features such as temperature measurement and/or control, humidity measurement and/or control, and/or measurement and/or control of other measures of air quality; audio/visual functionality, for example, via speakers, microphones, cameras, and/or projection display systems; security features such as video monitoring (e.g., using cameras), surveillance monitoring, and/or visual and/or audio alarms; and/or healthcare features such as patient monitoring. It is also envisioned that, in certain embodiments, information collected by and/or provided by the hub and/or the module is accessible remotely (for example, via a remote network) using any suitable access device (e.g., remote accessibility from a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet, a television set-top box, a gaming console, a standalone networked controller unit, and/or via any other suitable device). In some embodiments, a mobile phone may provide the primary control for the modular illumination system. In certain embodiments, the module(s) can be configured to provide entertainment functionality. For example, the module(s) can be configured to provide sound, internet relay (e.g., a WiFi repeater), video (e.g., via a camera), or the like. In certain embodiments, the module(s) can be configured to provide other functionality. For example, the module(s) can be configured to provide doorbell functionality, a power outage alert, and/or a smoke alarm alert.

In one exemplary set of embodiments, the hub contains an illumination source, processing, intelligence electronics, and an audio speaker. In some such embodiments, a module contains a smoke detector and a smoke detector sensing circuit. In certain such embodiments, upon detecting smoke, the smoke detector sensing circuit sends a signal to the hub that activates an alarm via the audio speaker. In certain such embodiments, upon detecting smoke, the smoke detector sensing circuit sends a signal to the hub that turns on an illumination source (e.g., to facilitate emergency evacuation).

In some embodiments, the hub contains an illumination source, processing, and intelligence electronics while a first module contains a smoke detector and a smoke detector sensing circuit, and a second module contains an audio speaker. In this embodiment, upon detecting smoke, the smoke detector sensing circuit sends a signal to the hub, the hub intelligence electronics processes this signal and sends a second signal to the audio speaker module thereby activating an alarm. In some such embodiments, upon detecting smoke, the smoke detector sensing circuit sends a signal to the hub that turns on an illumination source (e.g., to facilitate emergency evacuation).

In certain embodiments, the hub contains an illumination source, processing, and intelligence electronics while a first module contains a smoke detector and a smoke detector sensing circuit, a second module contains an audio speaker, and a third module contains a networking component. In certain such embodiments, upon detecting smoke, the smoke detector sensing circuit sends a signal to the hub, the hub intelligence electronics processes this signal and sends a second signal to the audio speaker module thereby activating a first alarm, and the hub intelligence electronics sends a third signal to the networking module which in turn sends a fourth signal to a second networking module connected to a second hub. In certain such embodiments, the second networking module sends a fifth signal to the second hub. In some such embodiments, the second hub intelligence electronics processes the fifth signal and sends a sixth signal to a second audio speaker module connected to the second hub thereby activating a second alarm. The intelligence electronics in the second hub could also, according to certain embodiments, turn on an illumination source (e.g., to facilitate emergency evacuation).

In certain embodiments, the illumination system can be configured for use with a wireless switch. For example, in some embodiments, the illumination system comprises a hub and at least one module, and the hub and/or module(s) can be configured to communication with a wireless switch.

In some embodiments, the hub (with or without the module) can be configured for use as an emergency light bulb. For example, in some embodiments, the hub may lose electricity while the hub is in use. The illumination source of the hub can remain on and switch to a backup power source (e.g., a battery and/or a capacitor). Light output can dim slowly to an emergency level, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the emergency level corresponds to a lumen output from the hub that is needed to achieve 10 lux of illumination in the typical home. In some embodiments, a hub may lose electricity while the hub is not in use. In some such embodiments, the hub can be configured to remain off. In some such embodiments, a switch can be turned on (e.g., by a user), and the hub can light up at the emergency level. In some embodiments, the emergency light can be configured to power on at full normal power upon losing electricity. In certain such embodiments, a presence sensor may be coupled to the hub such that the illumination source is only turned on when one or more people are in the vicinity of the sensor.

In some cases, such as in the event of a power outage or emergency situation, all hubs (and/or modules) are turned on in emergency lighting mode using, for example, a communication protocol between/among multiple illumination systems (e.g., between/among multiple hubs and/or modules of multiple illumination systems). The trigger may be, in certain embodiments, internal. For example, the trigger can be, in some embodiments, from a hub that was on at the time of the outage and/or from a module that detects a specific emergency situation. The trigger may be, in some embodiments, external (e.g., in the form of a notification from a utility). In certain embodiments, during a power outage, the illumination source (e.g., in the hub and/or a module) can be turned on from a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone).

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to operate over an extended lifetime. For example, in some embodiments, a rechargeable battery may be installed in a hub. The battery may be installed, for example, by a user. In some embodiments, the battery module utilizes power provided by the hub to recharge. The battery module can provide additional hours for lighting or other applications in emergency operation, according to some embodiments. In certain embodiments, if a battery is discharged (e.g., exhausted) during an extended duration outage, it can be recharged, for example, via ports provided on the module. Recharging can be achieved, for example, via a vehicle power adapter or wall outlets. Charging may be achieved, for example, via cellphone chargers or other cables.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to provide a notification during an emergency. In some embodiments, a connectivity module can be installed in the hub. The connectivity module may use, for example, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, or any other wireless protocol as a means of communicating (e.g., via the internet). The module may also have (in addition to or in place of the connectivity systems described above) GSM or other cellular communication technology, which can be used, for example, to provide robust communication during a power outage. In some embodiments, the connectivity module may be in the form of a gateway that translates the wireless protocol used for communications (e.g., between hubs or between a hub and a switch) to the wireless protocol used for communications to the internet and/or a phone. In some embodiments, the connectivity module can be configured to

communicate with phones and/or computers (e.g., laptops), for example via an "app," which can allow, according to some embodiments, a user to configure the bulb and/or switch installations.

In some embodiments, the connectivity module can be used to send notifications to a phone or other device, for example, to a customer or to others (e.g., others enabled by the customer). Examples of notifications that can be sent include, but are not limited to, notification of a power outage and notification of a return of power. Additional notifications such as smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarms can be enabled, for example, when other modules are added to the hub (e.g., a smoke alarm, a carbon monoxide alarm, and/or or a device that hears and identifies activation of existing smoke alarm installation in the home). The notification module may relay alerts from other sensors in the home that can communicate with the hub, in some embodiments. Examples of notifications include, but are not limited to, activation of smoke or carbon monoxide alarm in a vacation or remote home, notification of a power outage and/or or smoke/CO emergency in a relative's (e.g., parent's) home, and the like. Notifications may include, in some embodiments, the location of a specific hub(s) where the event (e.g., emergency) has been triggered. Notifications may include, in certain embodiments, information from occupancy sensing in the room. Such information may be used, for example, by emergency and/or rescue personnel.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to operate as a smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm. This can be achieved, for example, by

incorporating a smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm module. In some embodiments, smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm modules may only include sensors and receive power from the hub and use a separately installed alarm module to trigger the alarm. In some embodiments, smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm modules may include sensors and a backup battery and use hub power in normal mode to sound the alarm. In certain embodiments, smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm modules may include a sensor, battery backup, and audio alarm in a single module.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to activate light during an emergency. Emergencies (e.g., smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm activation) can result, in some embodiments, in activation of the illumination source associated with a hub, for example, at full brightness level, which can allow for safe and rapid evacuation. In some cases, activation may be triggered using light sensors. In some embodiments, the illumination source will turn on using a backup battery whether it is night or day. In some embodiments, the illumination source will remain at full brightness until the battery is exhausted and/or until the alarm is silenced. Other modes such as strobing and/or flashing of an illumination source may also be used to alert occupants during emergency situations. In some embodiments, a smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm module installed in the hub is activated. In some such embodiments, the illumination source is turned on immediately while sounding the alarm. In some embodiments, other illumination sources associated with other hubs are notified by the first hub, and are turned on.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to perform audio sensing. For example, in one embodiments, a listening device (e.g., audio sensor) may be installed on a hub. The listening device can be used to identify specific tones emitted by smoke and/or a carbon monoxide alarm. According to certain embodiments, when an existing smoke or carbon monoxide alarm in a home is activated, the listening device turns on an illumination source installed in the hub, and other hubs in

communication with the first hub may also be turned on. Audio sensing and/or filtering can be used to identify and/or trigger based on other aural signals in the environment (e.g., a doorbell, HVAC operation, a power outage (e.g., via a sudden decrease in ambient noise level), TV operation, and/or an intrusion). Each trigger can, according to some embodiments, drive a specific response such as a notification, light activation, alarm activation, and the like.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to perform light control via a switch. In some embodiments, an illumination system and a wireless switch can be used to configure light control without rewiring. For example, in some embodiments, illumination systems can be paired with switches. According to some such embodiments, multiple light sockets within an area can be controlled using multiple switches, for example, by installing various combinations of wireless switches and hubs. In some embodiments, each switch replaces the wallplate of an existing light switch while maintaining the internal wiring in a substantially unchanged state. The old switch can be forced to remain in the ON position by the new switch. The new switch can be configured to provide ON and OFF and dimming controls that are wirelessly sent to the illumination system (e.g., the hub of the illumination system). Additional controls such as ALL ON or ALL OFF and/or other lighting scenes may also be provided on the switch. Various configurations are possible, such as one switch controlling multiple illumination systems or multiple switches controlling the same illumination system. As one example, a pathway to a particular location (e.g., a bedroom) could be lit by operation of a single switch (e.g., via a user) that controls multiple illumination systems. With two switches and an illumination system, a user could provide an additional light switch for a specific location (e.g., for a cellar at the top or bottom of the stairs) where only one light switch had been present before (e.g., at the bottom or top of the stairs, respectively). According to certain embodiments, the existing switch can be replaced by a new switch and/or a new switch can also be installed on the wall at a convenient location.

In some embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to include a sound-producing module (e.g., a speaker module). Such devices can be used, for example, to provide ambient music, an alarm, or the like. In one embodiments, a sound- producing module (e.g., a speaker or audio or alarm module) can be installed in the hub to provide music, notifications, intercom, and/or alarm functions. According to certain embodiments, the illumination system can be configured to sound an alarm. For example, in some embodiments, in the event of a smoke or carbon monoxide emergency, the sound-producing module can be notified (e.g., by wireless communication between/among multiple illumination systems (e.g., between/among multiple hubs and/or modules of multiple illumination systems) and/or by a notification module). In some embodiments, an audio alarm signal or a custom voice message recorded by the user is relayed. The initial notification may be triggered, for example, by a resident smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm module or by a listener device that identifies the tone emitted by smoke and/or carbon monoxide alarm module external to the

illumination system.

In some embodiments, the alarm and/or audio signal may be customized based on the specific needs of a user (e.g., a resident). For example, in some embodiments, the tone and amplitude may be maintained or changed such that it is most effective for waking a particular person (e.g., children, seniors, or those that have a hearing disability). The alarm module may be, in some embodiments, independently placed in a hub which is in a socket that is close to the location most effective to notify affected individuals.

In some embodiments, the module can be configured to play music. In some embodiments, occupancy sensing may be used to modulate the volume of speaker modules installed in the hub. The volume of each speaker can be, in some embodiments, adjusted (e.g., optimized) to provide the best audio experience based on the location of a user (e.g., in a particular location within a house and/or within a room). In some embodiments, multiple audio streams can be delivered. For example, in some embodiments, multiple audio stream can be delivered such that two (or more) speakers, each in the vicinity of a different user, plays an audio stream of a user's choice. The audio can be configured, in some embodiments, to seamlessly transition from one speaker to another, for example, as a user moves around a house. The audio can be configured, in some embodiments, to go silent if two or more users congregate in same room or under the same speaker.

International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/036307, filed in the

United States Patent and Trademark Office on May 1, 2014, published as International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/179531 on November 6, 2014, and entitled "Modular Illumination Device and Associated Systems and Methods," is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/061,406, filed October 8, 2014, and entitled "Illumination Systems and Associated Components," is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

While several embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the functions and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the present invention. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings of the present invention is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. The present invention is directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present invention.