| US1513203A | 1924-10-28 | |||
| US1554394A | 1925-09-22 | |||
| US1717534A | 1929-06-18 | |||
| US4298112A | 1981-11-03 | |||
| US4846326A | 1989-07-11 |
| 1. | A multiple disc clutch for use with a source of torque, said clutch comprising: (a) interleaved first and second sets of friction discs mounted for rotation of one disc set relative to the other disc set about an axis, said disc sets being shiftable axially of each other; (b) means for shifting the first and second disc¬ sets axially into torque sustaining frictional engagement for rotation in unison; (c) a plate for mounting in driving engagement to said source of torque; and (d) a plurality of separately formed dowels for securing to said plate at circumferentially spaced locations, said dowels projecting axial¬ ly therefrom through corresponding circumferen¬ tially spaced apertures adjacent the radially outward edge of said second disc set for driv¬ ing engagement with said second disc set, the number and spacing of said dowels being chosen with respect to the circumference of said second disc set to promote air cooling of said multiple disc clutch by circulation of air around said dowels and between discs of said disc sets. |
| 2. | The multiple disc clutch of claim 1, wherein said apertures intersect the radially outward edge of said discs of said second disc set, such that said apertures are partially open to said edge. |
| 3. | The multiple disc clutch of claim 2, wherein said dowels form bores therethrough along cylindrical axes of said dowels, and said clutch further comprises fastener means for extending through said bores between said plate and said shifting means for assembling said clutch. |
| 4. | The multiple disc clutch of claim l, wherein said discs of said second disc set have formed in said radially outward edges thereof a plurality of notches open to said edge and spaced circumfere'ntially between selected one's of said apertures. |
| 5. | The multiple disc clutch of claim 4, wherein said notches are formed between alternate pairs of said aper¬ tures. |
| 6. | The multiple disc clutch of claim 5, wherein said notches are sized to extend substantially the entire dis¬ tance between the apertures making up each said aperture pair. |
| 7. | The multiple disc clutch of claim 1, wherein each said dowel has a dowel diameter and dowels adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction are separated by a dowel separation distance, and said dowel diameter is relatively small compared to said dowel separation dis¬ tance. |
| 8. | A clutch comprising: (a) at least one driving plate held in driving engagement with a rotating source of kinetic energy; (b) at least one driven plate for receiving rota¬ tional kinetic energy from said source when said driving and driven plates are urged into an engaged position with each other; and (c) means for holding said plates in said engaged position, said holding means including: (i) at least one lever mounted on one face of a support plate drivingly fixed to said source, said driving plate and driven plate being positioned between the oppo site face of said support plate and said source; and (ii) at least one dowel slidably mounted in a bore extending in an axial direction through said support plate, said lever being pivotable about a fulcrum associated with said support plate and biased for transmitting an axially directed force from said lever through said dowel to said driving plate to urge said driving plate towards said driven plate into said engaged position therewith. |
| 9. | The clutch of claim 8, wherein said fulcrum compri¬ ses means for securing said lever to said support plate. |
| 10. | The clutch of claim 9, wherein said fulcrum further comprises at least one generally cylindrically shaped bearing positioned between said lever and said support plate. |
| 11. | The clutch of claim 8, wherein said lever includes a radial array of springlike fingers spaced about a common axis extending through said plates, and a plurality of dowels is circumferentially spaced around said axis for transmitting a force from said radial array to said driving plate for urging said driving and driven plates together. |
| 12. | The clutch of claim 11, wherein said fulcrum com¬ prises a plurality of fasteners circumferentially spaced around said axis for securing said radial array to said support plate. |
| 13. | The clutch of claim 12, wherein there is a oneto one correspondence between said fasteners and said dowels. |
| 14. | The clutch of claim 13, further comprising a circu¬ lar ring positioned circumferentially around said support plate between said fasteners and dowels, said ring forming said fulcrum. |
| 15. | The clutch of claim 14, further comprising an annu¬ lar wear plate for positioning between said levers and said dowels. |
| 16. | The clutch of claim 8, further comprising a plurali¬ ty of separately formed assembly dowels for securing to said source at circumferentially spaced locations and projecting axially therefrom to said support plate through corresponding circumferentially spaced apertures at the radially outward edge of said driving plate for driving engagement therewith. |
| 17. | The clutch of claim 16, wherein said apertures inter¬ sect the radially outward edge of said driven and driving plates such that said apertures are open to said edge. |
| 18. | The clutch of claim 17, wherein said driving plates have formed in said radially outward edges thereof a plurality of notches open to said edge and spaced circum¬ ferentially between selected ones of said apertures. |
| 19. | The clutch of claim 18, wherein said notches are formed between alternate pairs of said apertures. |
| 20. | A method for assembling a multiple disc clutch having interleaved driven and driving sets of friction plates mounted for independent rotation of one set with respect to the other set, said sets being shiftable axially with respect to each other into torque transmit¬ ting frictional engagement for rotation in unison, said clutch having a pair of endmost plates encompassing there¬ between said driven and said driving sets, the method comprising clamping said two endmost plates together with a plurality of elongated fasteners passing through hollow cylindrical spacers circumferentially positioned around said endmost plates and separating said endmost plates one from the other, said hollow cylindrical spacers also drivingly engaging said driving set of friction plates through circumferentially spaced apertures intersecting at least partly the radially outward edge of said driving plates. |
| 21. | The method of claim 15, wherein said apertures are sized slightly larger than said spacer means so that "said driving set is slidable in an axial direction along said spacers. |
I. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to multiple disc clutches for coupling to a source of rotational kinetic energy. More specifically, an improved multiple disc clutc is provided having a plurality of circumferentially spaced axially extending dowels that simplify assembly and promot air circulation throughout the structure for cooling and increased structural strength and torque capacity.
II. Background of the Invention:
Multiple disc clutches for engaging and disengaging coupled shafts during rotation are well known in the art. See, e.g., United States Patent Nos. 1,886,865; 3,291,272; 3,317,013. However, such prior art clutches are typically mechanically complex with complicated linkage mechanisms for accomplishing clutch engagement and disengagement. Also, prior art clutches usually require confined housings or other surrounding supporting structures that restrict optimum air flow around the various clutch parts, thereby limiting clutch life and efficiency by insufficient cool¬ ing and permitting buildup of unwanted heat.
III. Summary of the Present Invention:
In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, a multiple disc clutch is provided, wherein a first set of circumferentially spaced dowels
project axially from a flywheel plate in driving engage¬ ment through matching circumferentially spaced apertures in a radially outward edge of a driving disc set, which is interleaved with a separate driven disc set. - The two disc 5. sets are shiftable axially of each other either into or out of frictional driving engagement by means of a pres¬ sure plate assembly that produces an axially directed force for urging the disc sets together. The number, spacing, and diameter of these dowels are chosen with* 0 respect to the circumference of the driving disc set to promote air cooling by circulation of air around the dowels and between the discs of the disc set.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the force from the diaphragm is 5 transmitted to the driving disc set for urging the driving and driven discs together by a second set of circumferen¬ tially spaced dowels slidably mounted in matching circum¬ ferential bores extending axially through a diaphragm plate on which the diaphragm is supported. The diaphragm 0 comprises a radial array of springlike levers wherein each lever is pivotable about a fulcrum ring associated with said diaphragm plate for acting on said dowels.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved multiple disc clutch wherein air cooling of 5 the discs is promoted and increased frictional surface is provided to improve engagement.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved multiple disc clutch having a simpli¬ fied linkage for urging the driving and the driven plates 0 together.
Further objects and advantages of the present inven¬ tion will become apparent from the following description of the drawings and the preferred embodiments.
IV. Brief Description of the Drawings: 5 FIG. 1 is an isometric drawing of the improved multiple disc clutch assembly of the present invention shown mounted in a drive train;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the clutch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the clutch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the clutch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a further detail of the ' -. clutch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along lines 5-5 of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a top view.of one of the clutch plates of the present invention. ■ ■ .* '
V. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment: With reference now to FIG. 1, the multiple disc clutch 10 of the present invention is shown mounted in a conventional fashion on flywheel 12 of a torque source such as internal combustion engine 14 for coupling and decoupling output torque from engine 14 to transmission 16 along transmission input shaft 18. Throwout bearing 20 is shifted by clutch pedal 22 through conventional linkage represented by broken line 24 along splined section 26 of shaft 18 to engage diaphragm 48 of clutch assembly 10 in a conventional fashion to couple or decouple the engine torque from transmission 16. Routine housing 30 encloses clutch assembly 10 and provides routine mounting of trans¬ mission 16 to engine 14 along the central axis indicated at 32. FIG. 2 shows the details of the clutch construction of the present invention. A flywheel plate 34 for mounting to flywheel 12 in a conventional manner and a diaphragm plate 36 encompass therebetween a set of two driving discs or plates 38 and 40 as well as two driven discs or plates 42 and 44 interleaved together along central axis 32. Dia¬ phragm 48 is mounted to diaphragm plate 36 by rivets such as shown at 49 and as will be further described below. Act¬ ing through a plurality of circumferentially spaced dowels such as indicated at 50 slidably mounted in matching bores such as at 52 in diaphragm plate 36, diaphragm 48 urges interleaved disc sets 40, 44, 38, and 42 together in fric¬ tional driving engagement. Driven discs 42 and 44 have
splined hubs 54 and 56 for mounting on and driving shaft 18, as well as routine frictional facings 58 for engaging driving discs 38 and 40 as well as flywheel plate 34. The use of a diaphragm such as 48 to clamp discs 38, 40, 42,; and 44 into driving engagement for clutch operation is well known in the art.
It is understood that the number of driving and driven discs in the multiple disc clutch can be routinely varied, and the diameters and thicknesses can also be varied within the skill in the art depending upon whether the application is heavy duty or otherwise. In the pre¬ ferred embodiment, driving discs 38 and 40 are preferably formed of suitable material such as hot rolled pickled and oiled steel, cold rolled steel, cast steel, or cast iron with a typical diameter of about 13 inches and thickness of about .250 inches. Driven discs 42 and 44 are prefer¬ ably formed of steel or other suitable material with a typical diameter of about 12 inches and a thickness of about .085 inches. Clutch facings 58 are of suitable material such as a ceramic, organic, or resin cloth. The flywheel plate 34 and diaphragm plate 36 are formed of hot rolled pickled and oiled steel, cold rolled steel, cast steel, or cast iron with a typical diameter of about 13 inches and a thickness of about .250 inches. The diaphragm 48 is formed from steel.
The present invention concerns the manner in which clutch 10 is assembled and also the manner in which axial¬ ly directed diaphragm force is applied to the driving and driven discs 38, 40, 42, and 44. First, with respect to clutch assembly, one of the plurality of assembly dowels is shown for simplicity's sake in FIG. 2 at 60. As indicated by assembly line 46, dowel 60 passes through an aperture 62 in driving disc 40 and through aperture 64 in the other driving disc 38 and is mounted in an axially extending direction onto flywheel plate 34 by threaded fastener 66 that passes through bolt hole 68 in flywheel plate 34, through a bore hole 70 in
dowel 60, and through a hole 72 in diaphragm plate 36 to be secured thereto by nut 74. Riveting can be used as an alternative to conventional fastener 66 and nut 74. By using a plurality of circumferentially spaced dowels 60 - extending circumferentially around the clutch assembly 10 as will be further described below, the flywheel plate 34 is drivingly engaged with driving discs 38 and 40 as well as diaphragm plate 36, such that when flywheel plate 34 is receiving torque from engine 14 so are the driving discs 38 and 40. However, dowel 60 is so sized with respect to ' apertures 62 and 64 that discs 38 and 40 are shiftable axially to either frictionally engage or disengage driven discs 42 and 44. It should also be noted as further des¬ cribed below that apertures 62 and 64 are placed far enough out on the periphery of discs 38 and 40 so as to be open to the edges 73 and 75 respectively of discs 40 and 38 for the purposes of enhancing cooling.
The assembled clutch 10 of the present invention is shown in isometric in FIG. 3 and side view in FIG. 4, wherein corresponding figure numbers from FIG. 2 refer to corresponding structure. Dowels 60 spaced around the cir¬ cumference mount diaphragm plate 36 to flywheel plate 34 with driving discs 38 and 40 held in driving engagement therebetween. Diaphragm 48 is mounted to diaphragm plate 36 by rivets 49 passing through slots such as at 51 and aligned hole 53 in diaphragm plate 36 to cooperatively engage with matching fastener means 55 (see also FIG. 2) .
With further reference to FIG. 3, it can be seen that diaphragm 48 has a conventional radial array 76 of springlike levers or fingers. such as at 78 for providing a clamping force urging the driving discs 38, 40 into fric¬ tional driving face-to-face engagement with driven discs 42, 44.
The function of a diaphragm such as 48 is well known in the art; however, in accordance with the present inven¬ tion, this clamping force is transmitted through circumfe¬ rentially spaced dowels such as at 50 to axially shiftable driving discs 38, 40. FIGS. 5 and 6 show additional
details of the manner in which the springlike fingers 78 of the diaphragm 48 are pivotable to apply an axially directed clamping force.
FIG. 5 shows a side view of one of a particular finger 78', while FIG. 6 shows an end view of the same structure.
Finger 78' has a first end portion 80 for being moved in the axial direction indicated by arrow 82 by the conventional action of throwout bearing 20 (not shown in FIG. 6, see FIG. 1). Finger 78' also has an opposing end portion 81 for acting in a leverlike fashion on interface ring 90 and dowel 50' as described below.
In the clutch engaged position, the finger 78' is biased by its springlike quality and shape to apply a clamping force indicated in the direction of arrow 84 through dowel 50' to urge disc 40 in an axial direction to force the stack of interleaved discs 40, 44, 38, 42, and 34 into frictional driving engagement. It is understood that this clamping force is accomplished by the sum total of the radial array 76 of fingers 78 acting on a plurality of circumferentially spaced dowels 50, of which FIG. 5 shows only one.
When the clutch 10 is to be disengaged, a force directed as shown by arrow 82 from throwout bearing 20 causes lever 78' to pivot about a fulcrum means such as circular rings 86 and 88 to reduce the force indicated at arrow 84 to a sufficiently low magnitude to permit the discs 40, 44, 38, and 42 to shift apart axially to elimi¬ nate the frictional face-to-face driving engagement. Dowels 50 such as 50' are preferably cylindrical and slidably mounted in cylindrical bores 52. Circular rings 86 and 88 extend circumferentially around the diaphragm plate 36. Annular shaped ring 90 simply provides an interface between end 81 of finger 78' and dowel 50'. FIG. 7 shows a top view of driving disc 40, which is in all material respects identical to disc 38. Disc 40 has notches such as at 92 formed into the circumferential edge
73 of disc 40. Apertures 62 are also open to circumferen¬ tial edge 73. Each aperture 62 has a diameter 94, and the apertures 62 are preferably evenly spaced circumferential¬ ly with the circumferential distance between adjacent. apertures indicated at 96. The ratio of diameter 94, which is typically in the range of 5/8 to 3/4 inches, to dis¬ tance 96, which is typically in the range of 2 to 3 inches, is kept as low as reasonably possible.
It is understood that clutches built in accordance . with the present invention may have a varying number of circumferentially spaced dowels without departing from the spirit of this invention.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the preferred embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the following claims.