Graeme
Gillam, Higham
Edward
Hall, Jelffs
Peter
Albert
Milton
| 1. | Apparatus for the calibration and diagnosis of a hydrostatic tank gauge system mounted on a tank (1) for containing liquid comprising at least two external pressure sensors (P1# P2, P3) connected by passages to the inside of the tank respectively at different levels separated by a fixed, measured, vertical distance (H), characterised in that two block valves (4, 5) are respectively interposed between two said sensors (?]_, P2) and tank in the associated passages, a stand pipe (10) intersects the two passages between said two sensors and the block valves and valve means (6, 7, 8, 9) are mounted for cutting off communication between the two passages and stand pipe, whereby the two sensors can be subjected either to the pressure of liquid in the tank or to a calibration liquid when contained in the stand pipe according to the setting of said valves and valve means. |
| 2. | Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the two sensors are connected to the tank at levels that are normally below the surface of liquid in the tank. |
| 3. | Apparatus according to Claim 1, characte ised in that the two sensors are connected to the tank at levels that are normally respectively above and below the level of the liquid in the tank. |
| 4. | Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stand pipe is made of flexible tubing. |
| 5. | Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterised in that the flexible tubing is divided into three parts and that the valve means comprise a drain valve (8) interposed between the lower passage and the lowermost part of the tubing, a vent valve (6) interposed between the lower passage and the bottom of the central part of the tubing, a drain valve (9) interposed between the upper passage and the top of the central part of the tubing and a vent valve (7) interposed between the upper passage and the bottom of the top part of the tubing. |
| 6. | Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is provided with means for inserting calibration liquid into the stand pipe from the bottom end of the stand pipe. |
| 7. | Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterised in that the means for inserting calibration liquid into the stand pipe comprise a length (12) of flexible tubing connected to the bottom of the stand pipe (10) and extending upwards to a location (F) above the highest level to be reached by liquid in the tank and down which length (12) of flexible tubing the calibration liquid can be poured. |
| 8. | Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one temperature sensor (T1( τ2, T3) is mounted on the stand pipe whereby the temperature of the calibration liquid can be ascertained. |
| 9. | A method for the calibration and diagnosis of a hydrostatic tank gauge system mounted bn a tank containing liquid whereon at least two external pressure sensors (?1, P2) are connected by passages to the inside of the tank (1) respectively at different fixed datum levels above the tank base, characterised in that the method comprises disconnecting the tank from the pressure sensors by the operation of block valves (4, 5), connecting by the operation of valve means (6, 7, 3, 9) the pressure sensors with a stand pipe (10) intersecting the passages between the block valves and pressure sensors, inserting a calibration liquid traceable to a standards organisation into the stand pipe whereby each pressure sensor registers the head of calibration liquid above its level of operation in relation to the tank, registering the temperature of the calibration liquid and computing therefrom the actual density of the calibration liquid from its accurately known density at a standard temperature and using the registered pressures and actual density to compute the separation of the sensor levels or the height of the calibration liquid in the stand pipe. |
| 10. | A method according to Claim 9, characterised in that calibration errors in the span, linearity or zero of each pressure sensor or the separation of the pressure sensor levels are identified by. repeating the method with the calibration liquid at different heads or with calibration liquids of different densities. |
| 11. | A method according to Claim 9 or Claim 10, characterised in that the calibration fluid is distilled water. |
Hydrostatic tank gauge systems comprise a plurality of pressure sensors, for example, two, at different levels on the tank to sense the hydrostatic pressures at those levels and a further pressure sensor for sensing the vapour pressure above the liquid surface. There is also at least one temperature sensor. Signals from the sensors are usually transmitted electrically to a tank processing unit which may be at a considerable distance, wherein values of liquid mass, density, level and volume are automatically computed according to simple formulae. The results of such computation may be displayed locally at
the tank or transmitted to other units for further manipulation and display. These computed values can be used in a process control apparatus for controlling, for •example, the supply of liquid to the a k. ^ It is highly desirable for two features of the system to be very accurately calibrated. The first of these is the height between two pressure sensors at different datum levels relative to the tank base. One object of the invention is, therefore, to enable this height to be precisely measured during the installation of the system and afterwards.
The second of the aforesaid two features is one which should be essential for the approval or certification of the system, and consists in an in-situ method of verifying the sensor performance in relation to a standards organisation. Traditional methods of checking the pressure sensors are. not adequate because reliable standard pressure cannot be applied in the field with the necessary accuracy (better than 5 parts in 10,000 = 0.05%).
According to the invention, apparatus for the calibration and diagnosis of an hydrostatic tank gauge system mounted on a tank for containing liquid comprises at least two external pressure sensors connected by passages to the inside of the tank respectively at different levels separated by a fixed, measured, vertical distance, two block valves respectively interposed between the sensors and tank in said passages, a stand pipe intersecting said passages between the sensors and the block valves and valve means for cutting off communication between the passages and stand pipe whereby the sensors can be subjected either to the pressure of liquid in the tank or to a calibration fluid when contained in the stand pipe according to the setting of said valves and valve means.
According also to the invention there is provided a method for the calibration and diagnosis of an hydrostatic
tank gauge system mounted on a tank containing liquid wherein at least two external pressure sensors are connected by passages to the inside of the tank respectively at different fixed levels beneath the liquid surface, the method comprising disconnecting the tank from the pressure sensors by the operation of block valves, connecting by the operation of valve means the pressure sensors with a stand pipe intersecting the passages between the block valves and pressure sensors, inserting a calibration liquid traceable to a standards organisation into the stand pipe whereby each pressure sensor registers the head of calibration liquid above its level of operation, registering the temperature of the calibration liquid and computing therefrom the actual density of the calibration liquid from its accurately known density at a standard temperature and using the registered pressures and actual density to compute the separation of the sensor levels or the height of the calibration liquid in the stand pipe. The method can be extended for the identification of calibration errors in the span, linearity or zero of each pressure sensor or in the separation of the pressure sensor levels by repeating the method with the calibration fluid at different heads or with calibration fluids of different densities.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, one apparatus and method in accordance therewith will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic elevation of one side of a tank fitted with an hydrostatic tank gauge system.
Referring to the drawing, a tank 1 is furnished with pressure sensors P 1# P 2 connected by horizontal passages to the tank wall at fixed points separated vertically by a height H and a third pressure sensor P 3 responsive to vapour pressure above the surface of liquid in the tank. Electrical signals from the sensors P^, P 2 , P3 are
transmitted to a tank processing unit 2 whereat the liquid level can be computed from the sensed pressures and known height H. The liquid density can also be computed from these values and the density corrected for temperature variation using a further signal giving the liquid temperature by means not shown. These values obviously also enable the liquid volume to be computed from the known tank dimensions.
From the above it will be seen that the values indicated depend essentially on the calibration of the sensors P 1# P 2 , P 3 and the measurement H. Therefore a calibration system described below is mounted.
31ock valves 4, 5 are interposed between the tank 1 and sensors Pi , ? 2 to enable the sensors to be isolated from the liquid in the tank. Vent valves 6, 7 and drain valves 8, 9 communicate respectively with the passages between the block valve 4 and sensor P, and block valve 5 and sensor P 2 . Flexible tubing 10 connects a support 11 to the vent valve 7, also the drain valve 9-to the vent valve 6 and the drain valve 8 to a drain valve D. Temperature sensors T, , T 2 , T 3 are connected to the tubing 10 above, between and below the pressure sensors ?-, , ? , with local indication of tube internal temperature or remote transmission to the tank processing unit. To calibrate the sensors P^, P 2 a calibration fluid is introduced into the tubular column 10 which is a stand pipe that enables pressures to be read under precisely known heads.
The calibration fluid must be safe to handle and acceptable as a minor impurity for the tank contents, it must be clean, pure and have a known density traceable to a standard reference and have a known density to temperature relationship for the ambient temperature obtained around the tank. In most cases distilled water is a suitable calibration fluid.
The flexible or rigid tubing which for many applications may have an internal diameter of 18 mm (3/4
inch), must have a clean internal passageway and be acceptable for use with the chosen calibration fluid. It must be flexible enough to be attached and clamped to the vent and drain valves and to "T" connectors for the temperature sensors j _, T 2 T 3 . Clear pipe of plastics material is suitable for this tubing.
A further length of flexible tubing 12 is connected between a point as high as the maximum head required in the tubing 10 and the drain valve D to enable the tubing to receive the required calibration fluid by way of a funnel F or feed container at the top of the tubing 12.
When beginning the calibration procedure the block valves 4, 5 are closed to isolate the sensors P j _, P 2 from the tank. The vent valves 6, 7 and drain valves 8, 9 are opened, as well as the drain valve D to drain tank fluid from the sensors and associated connecting pipes. The valve D is then closed. The sensors and tubing are then flushed by calibration fluid inserted through the funnel F, any remaining tank fluid being ejected through the top of the tubing 10. The funnel F is then raised and lowered (for example by a rope) to sluice calibration fluid through the system as often as necessary. Fresh calibration fluid is next fed through the funnel F to a level above the sensor ? 2 . This filling upwards through the tubing 10 is important to avoid trapping air in the system.
The average temperature of the calibration fluid is read from the temperature sensors ^, T 2 , T 3 either directly in the tank processor or externally. In either event, a correction is made if the temperature differs from that at which the fluid density is known precisely. If the temperature gradient among the sensors T j _, T 2 , T 3 is greater than 0.5°C then the tubing should be drained and refilled to ensure a more even temperature distribution. The actual density, as well as the pressures registered by the sensors P 1# P 2 , are entered into the tank processor which can immediately calculate
the actual height H from the formula P j _ - P 2 = H where represents the density of the calibration fluid.
The above described system is very convenient for field use but a more permanent stand pipe including the vent and drain valves and a pump can be used for feeding the calibration fluid into the stand pipe and, if necessary, for circulating the calibration fluid to achieve an even temperature.
The above method can be extended to isolate errors or drifts in pressure sensors by taking multiple readings using different densities of traceable testing fluid. Where the third pressure sensor P 3 is conveniently placed, with -the same arrangement of vent, drain and block valves the principle can be used to get separate readings from the different pairs of pressure sensors (P j _, ? or P 1; ? 3 or P 2 , P 3 ) .
The fluid in the stand pipe can be filled to one level position and the pressure readings noted. Then the fluid pressure can be changed to another value by altering the fluid level and the pressure readings again noted. The change in fluid level can thereby be obtained accurately from the four pressure readings.
3y repeating the tests with sufficient changes on the level or density or both of the calibration fluid, identification of calibration errors in the span, linearity and zero of each sensor and of the vertical separation constant H can be accurately obtained.
It will be appreciated that the above tests could not be effected while using the actual fluid in the tank, not only because this would not be traceable to an actual standards organisation, but because of the substantial temperature changes and currents in the liquid inside the tank.