ALEKSANDROV DIMITAR (BG)
| WO2006134397A2 | 2006-12-21 |
| BG109579A | 2006-10-31 | |||
| GB532294A | 1941-01-21 | |||
| EP0826762A1 | 1998-03-04 |
PATENT CLAIMS
1. Installation for processing of waste oil, consisting of connected by feeding pipe system
(I) waste oil tank (2) with draining hole (3) in its lower part, pump (4), filter (5), heating device (7), implemented as a cup-shaped vessel, consisting of a wide upper heating part (13) with heaters (16) outside it and a more narrow lower warm up part (15) , with injection nozzle (8) attached to it, dehydrator ( 6 ) can be designed before the heating device (9) and part of the feeding pipe system (1) , situated between the filter (5) and the nozzle (8) , between the filter (5) and the dehydrator (6) and/or between the dehydrator (6) and the nozzle (8) , can pass around the lower warm-up part (15) , and the heating device (7) is filled with melt (17) of a known alloy of some of the following metals: Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Cd, with melting point under 100 0 C and boiling point above 850 0 C, the installation also includes fractionating column (9), which can be under reduced pressure, with outlet valve (10) in its lower part and at least two condense trays
(II) and outlet tubes (12) for the end products in the upper part, and the heaters (16) can be implemented as heat-transfer mantel with heat- carrier circulating in it, the heat-carrier and/or the metal melt (17) can be an alloy containing 50% Bi, 25% Pb and 25% Sn, characrerized by the formation of local overflow drain (14) around the upper roundabout edge of the heating device (7) and the fractionating column (9) is situated centrally and axially immediately above the heating device (7) and the outlet valve 10 is below the overflow drain (14) .
2. Installation for processing of waste oil according to claim 1, characterized by vessel (18) designed under outlet valve (10) , with outlet tube
(19) attached in the upper end of the vessel (18) and outlet hole (20) in its lower end. |
INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING OF WASTE OIL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to installation for processing of waste oil.
PRIOR ART
Installation for processing of waste oil is known which consists of connected by pipe system waste oil tank with draining hole for sediments draining in its lower part, pump, filter, heating device (furnace), nozzle and fractionating column. There is an outlet valve in the lower part of the fractionating column for the heavy ingredients and an injection nozzle for the oil, two or more condense trays are designed in the upper part and outlet pipes for the end products - fractions .
Basic shortcoming of the known installation is that on heating above 220-240 0 C the oil cokes on the heating surfaces (most often tubes) . That leads to narrowing and plugging of tubes and necessitates periodical stopping of the installation for cleaning and changing of tubes .
Besides, the depositions on the heating surfaces due to coking of the heated oil strongly decrease the heat-transfer coefficient, increase the energy losses
which decreases the effectiveness of the installation.
The use of tubes of bigger diameter is also necessary because of the coking and the passing of oil through them with higher velocity and pressure, i.e. it's obligatory bigger oil volumes to be processed. That is connected with difficulties in the organization and the rhythmic supply of big quantities of waste oil and requires big initial investments .
Another shortcoming of the known installation is that it is impossible to remove and catch the admixtures of heavy metals in the waste oil, which contradicts with the requirements for environmental protection.
The complicated construction and maintenance of the known installation are shortcomings as well. The construction and the maintenance of heating furnaces with complex tube systems is necessary for raw material warm up .
Installation for processing of waste oil is known [BG reg. W 109579], which consists of connected by pipe system tank, pump, filter, heating device with injection nozzle and fractionating column, where the heating device is a vessel, containing the heated melt of an alloy of some of the following metals: Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Cd. Passing through it on the principle of counter flow the waste oil gets heated and turns into gaseous state. The heating device consists of
two parts - a wide upper heating part with heaters designed around it and a more narrow part for warm up. The heating device is placed centrally and axially in the fractionating column, some oil is poured in to cover the bottom of the column, but not to reach the heating part of the heating device. Dehydrator can be designed before the heating device. Part of the feeding pipe system can pass around the lower warm up part of the heating device before entering the heating device or the dehydrator. The heaters in the upper part of the heating device can be implemented as heat-transfer mantle with heat- carrier circulating in it. It could be in particular a metal melt as well, containing 50% Bi, 25% Pb and 25% Sn. The fractionating column can be under reduced pressure, which decreases the temperature of oil evaporation.
The complicated construction is a shortcoming of that installation because of the fact that the heating device and the heaters lie inside the fractionating column. The construction is additionally complicated if the fractionating column is under reduced pressure.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the invention is to propose an installation for processing of waste oil with higher
effectiveness, easy servicing and maintenance, longer periods between cleanings , conforming with the requirements for environmental protection, allowing the removal of admixtures of heavy metals in the oil, applicable to the processing of small quantities of oil and of simplified construction.
The task is solved by the invention of installation for processing of waste oil, consisting of connected by feeding pipe system waste oil tank with drain hole in its lower part, pump, filter and heating device. The installation also includes injection nozzle in the end of the feeding pipe system and fractionating column, possibly under reduced pressure. An outlet hole for heavy fractions is designed in its lower part and two or more condense trays in its upper part, as well as outlet tubes for the end products .
The heating device is implemented as a cup-shaped vessel, consisting of a wide upper heating part and a more narrow lower part for warm up with an injection nozzle attached in its lower end. Heaters are installed outside the heating part. Dehydrator can be designed before the heating device. Part of the feeding pipe system in the section between the filter and the injection nozzle and/or part of the feeding device in the section between the filter and the dehydrator can pass around the lower warm up part of the heating device.
The cup-shaped vessel, playing the role of heating device, is filled with the melt of a known alloy of some of the following metals: Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Cd, the melting point of the alloy being under 100 0 C and the boiling point above 850 0 C. The heaters can be implemented as heat-transfer mantel with heat carrier circulating in it and the heat carrier can be a metal melt, in particular an alloy containing 50% Bi, 25% Pb and 25% Sn as well.
The fractionating column is placed centrally and axially immediately above the heating device. Local overflow drain is formed on the upper roundabout edge of the cup-shaped vessel, playing the role of heating device. The drain end ends in the outlet hole of the fractionating column.
A depositing tank could be placed under the outlet hole,with an outlet tube in its upper end and a draining hole in its lower end.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES INCLUDED
The invention is elucidated in more detail by the exemplary implementations of installation for processing of waste oil, shown in the figures included, where:
• Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation for processing of waste oil according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation for processing of waste oil with spirally wound around the warm up part feeding pipe system before it enters the heating device;
• Fig. 3 is the scheme of installation for processing of waste oil including dehydrator, implemented as heat-transfer mantel heaters on the upper heating part and spirally wound around the warm up part pipe system before it enters the dehydrator;
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Exemplary implementation of the installation for processing of waste oil is shown in fig.l. It consists of connected by the feeding pipe system 1 tank 2 for the waste oil subjected to processing, pump 4, filter 5, heating device 7 and fractionating column 9. Draining hole 3 for draining of sediments is designed in the lower part of the tank 2. Outlet hole 10 for heavy oil ingredients and possibly overflowing metal melt is designed in the lower part of the fractionating column 9, at least two condense trays 11 are installed in the upper part of column 9 and the corresponding outlet tubes 12 for the end products (fractions) . The heating device 7 is implemented as a cup-shaped conical vessel with a wide upper heating part 13 , on whose upper roundabout edge a local overflow drain 14 is formed, and a more
narrow lower warm-up part 15. The injection nozzle 8 is installed in the lower end of the warm up part 15. Heaters 16 are planned outside the heating part 13. The heating device 7 is filled with the melt 17 of a known alloy of some of the following metals: Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Cd, with melting point under 100 0 C and boiling point above 850 0 C, the alloy could in particular consist of 50% Bi, 25% Pb and 25% Sn.
On the upper roundabout edge of the heating device 7 the local overflow drain 14 is formed. The fractionating column 9 is situated centrally and axially immediately above the heating device I 1 the end of the overflow drain 14 ending in the outlet hole 10 of the fractionating column 9. Depositing tank 18 could be planned under outlet hole 10 with outlet tube 19 in the upper end and outlet hole 20 in the lower end.
The fractionating column 9 can be under reduced pressure.
The heating device 7 can be also implemented as connected with each other cylinders, the upper one of bigger diameter than the lower (fig.3 ).
The heaters 16 can be implemented as a heat- transfer mantel as well, with heat-carrier circulating in it, the heat carrier can be a metal melt, in particular an alloy consisting of 50% Bi, 25% Pb and 25% Sn.
Dehydrator 6 can be designed before the heating device 7 (fig. 3) .
The part of the feeding pipe system 1 in the section between the filter 5 and the injection nozzle 8 and/or the part of the feeding pipe system in the section between the filter and the dehydrator 6, can pass around the lower warm up part 15 of the heating device before going into it (fig. N S 2), respectively before going into the dehydrator 6 (fig. N ? 3) .
OPERATION OF THE INVENTION
The installation for processing of waste oil operates in the following way:
The waste oil is collected in tank 2. The precipitated on the bottom of tank 2 water and other heavy admixtures and ingredients are drained through drain hole 3. From tank 2 through pipe system 1 by the use of pump 4 the oil passes through filter 5, where most of the mechanical impurities are removed. Then the oil is fed under pressure through injection nozzle 8 in the lower part of the heating device 7. The temperature of the melt in the lower warm-up part 15 is in the interval 120-230 0 C, and in the upper heating part in the interval 500-800 0 C. As the specific weight of the oil is much lower than the specific weight of the melt 17, the oil goes up through the heated melt 17 and as a result of the direct contact with the heated melt it turns from liquid into gaseous state and comes out to the surface in the form of vapor. Because of the high
temperature of oil heating (above 500 0 C) , part of the hydrocarbon molecules disintegrate - the process of thermal cracking proceeds. The oil vapor, consisting of shorter hydrocarbon molecules, rises to the upper part of fractionating column 9, where separation into fractions is accomplished by some of the known methods (by the use of trays 11 for example) and the end products of the processing are led through the outlet tubes 12. The part of the lightest hydrocarbons that cannot condense is caught and led out of the fractionating column. This method of processing is used for obtaining benzene, solvents and other light fractions.
The waste oil usually contains a certain quantity (not more than 4-5%) of heavier hydrocarbon fractions, as goudrons, asphalts, etc. which do not evaporate from the melt 17 on heating. That part of the oil rises on the surface of the melt 17, as its specific weight is lower and is led out of fractionating column 9 through the local overflow drain 14 and the outlet hole 10. It is possible depositing tank 18 to be designed under outlet hole 10 with outlet tube 19 attached in its upper end. The overflowing oil is a mixture of goudrons, asphalts and other heavy ingredients which can be used in road construction, for congestion, isolation of roofs, etc.
The waste oil contains certain minimum quantities of heavy metals, which dissolve in the melt and
remain in it. Overflow of part of the melt is possible due to the increase of the volume of the metal melt 17 or under the influence of the bubbles formed in the process of passing of the oil from liquid to gaseous state. The overflowing melt is led through the local overflow drain 14 and outlet hole 10. If a depositing tank is designed, the melt getting into the tank falls to the bottom because of its high specific weight and coagulates as a result of the lower temperature . The metal coagulate can be led periodically out of the installation through outlet hole 20.
If the fractionating column 9 is under reduced pressure, the temperature of the melt 17 in the lower warm up part 15 is in the interval 120-230 0 C and in the upper heating part 13 in the interval 300-350 0 C. The oil evaporates at that temperature and under the conditions of reduced pressure without breaking of the hydrocarbon molecules and the process of vacuum distillation proceeds in fractionating column 9. This method of processing is used for obtaining basic oils, greases, etc.
When the installation for processing of waste oil includes dehydrator 6 (fig. N ! 3) , the oil is heated in it to the temperature of evaporation of water and the water left over in the oil is removed before the oil enters the heating device 7.
The feeding pipe system 1 can pass around the lower warm up part 14 of the heating device 7 before
entering the heating device 7. In that way the temperature of the oil rises to the temperature of the melt 17 in the warm up part 14 (fig. N- 0 2) .
Before going into the dehydrator 6 the feeding pipe system 1 can pass around the lower warm up part 14 of the heating device 7 (fig. N= 3) . In that way the oil in the pipe system 1 is heated to the necessary for water evaporation temperature and energy is saved for its heating in the dehydrator 6.
When the heaters 16 are implemented as a heat- transfer mantel (fig. N c - 3), the heat-carrier 19 circulates under compulsion - it is led out of the heat-transfer mantel through an outlet tube, passes through a furnace, where it is heated to the necessary for heating of the melt 17 temperature and is then pumped back into the heat-transfer mantel.