There are tools in the prior art which can be used on or around sources of electrical power. Most are typically formed of metal materials but have an insulated coating thereon or otherwise are covered with insulating materials. These tools are also typically connected to handles made from electrically insulating materials.

These tools generally work to electrically insulate a user from electricity; however, there is a danger that the insulation on these tools will become damaged, compromising the tool's ability to insulate a user from electricity. Therefore, the use of these tools in or around electrical sources may put the user at risk for electrical shock. As a result, these tools are not generally recommended for use around or on components involving high voltages.

There are also tools in the prior art that are manufactured from plastic materials.

These tools can provide greater electrical insulating capabilities than the insulated tools; however, these tools often lack the bending and/or torque strength of their metal counterparts. Consequently, they may break or deform when used in high torque applications.

Summary of the Invention Generally, this application relates to an improved electrically insulating tool which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art while affording additional structural and operating

advantages.

An important feature is the provision of an electrically insulating hand tool which is of relatively simple design and economical structure.

Another feature is the provision of an electrically insulating hand tool that provides greater safety when used on or around sources of electricity.

Another feature is the provision of an electrically insulating hand tool that is lightweight yet sturdy.

Another feature is the provision of an electrically insulating hand tool with interchangeable work-engaging heads.

In connection with the foregoing features, yet another feature is the provision of a method of making an electrically insulating hand tool with the features stated above.

Brief Description of the Drawings For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the subject matter sought to be protected, there is illustrated in the accompanying drawings an embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the subject matter sought to be protected, its construction and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electrically insulating hand tool.

FIG. 2 is a reduced, exploded, perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 1 revealing underlying structure.

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the embodiment in FIG. 1 with the head removed and portions sectioned to reveal underlying structure.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged end elevational view of the insert in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevational view in partial section of the insert in FIG. 3 revealing underlying structure.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the work-engaging head in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the lower side work-engaging head in FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view of the work-engaging head in FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 is a section view of the work-engaging head in FIG. 1 taken along the line 9-9 in FIG. 7.

Detailed Description Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated an electrically insulating hand tool, generally designated by the numeral 10. The hand tool 10 is comprised of a two-piece shaft formed by a tube 11 and a rod 12 received by the tube 11, a handle 13 connected to the rod 12, an insert 14 received in an end of the tube 11 opposite the rod 12, and a work- engaging head 15 detachably coupled to the insert 14. For the purpose of illustration, the embodiment shown is configured as an open end wrench. However, it can be appreciated that the electrically insulating hand tool may be configured to perform a variety of different functions by simply uncoupling the work-engaging head 15 and interchanging with a differently configured work-engaging head.

The tube 11 and the rod 12 may be formed of an electrically insulating, non- metallic, composite material. hi this embodiment, the tube 11 is formed of a composite material including alternating layers of braided glass fibers in an epoxy resin matrix. The rod may be made of a pultruded glass/polyester composite material.

The tube 11 is hollow along its entire length, and adhesively receives the rod 12 at

one end 1 la to form the shaft. The rod is machined so that its end 12a received by the tube 11 has a greater diameter than the opposite end 12b. The shaft is able to apply high rotational torque energies to the work-engaging head, without causing the nonmetallic composite materials which form the tube 11 and the rod 12 to deform or bend.

Consequently, the combination of the two piece shaft construction and the use of nonmetallic composite materials allow the hand tool 10 to apply greater torque pressures, with significantly greater electrical insulating properties, and reduced weight.

Referring to FIGS. 3,4,5, in this embodiment, the insert 14 is a cylindrical structure having a recess therein and a plurality of knurls 16 extending longitudinally along its outer surface. The knurls 16 provide a frictional force to inhibit relative rotation between the insert 14 and the tube 11. The internal surface of the insert 14 defines a cavity 17 with a generally D-shaped transverse cross section, sized for receiving and coupling the work-engaging head 15. An aperture 18 extends through a side of the insert 14.

Referring to FIGS. 6,7,8,9, the work-engaging head is comprised of a shaft portion 19 and a work-engaging portion 20. The work-engaging portion 20 may be coated with an electrically insulating sheath to protect against shorting of electrical components.

In this embodiment, the work-engaging portion 20 is configured as an open end wrench.

However, it can be appreciated that the work-engaging portion 20 can be otherwise configured to perform a variety of other functions.

The shaft portion 19 has a portion with a D-shaped cross-section correspondingly sized to allow insertion within the D-shaped cavity 17 of the insert 14. A detent recess is formed in the shaft portion 19 and houses a spring 22 and has a detent ball 24 partially projecting from the recess. The detent mechanism 21 is positioned along the shaft portion

19 to enable the ball 24 to detachably couple in the aperture 18 located on the insert 14.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the handle 13 is made of an electrically insulating material and is ergonomically designed to accommodate a user's hand. A bore 23 extends within the handle, and receives the end of the rod 12 opposite the tube 11.

Referring to FIG. 1, one method of constructing the electrically insulating hand tool involves press fitting an insert 14 into an end 1 lb of the tube 11. A rod made of a composite material is machined so that one end 12b has an external diameter sized for insertion into the bore 23 within the handle 13. This end 12b is adhesively secured within the bore 23 in the handle 13, and the opposite end 12a of the rod 12 is adhesively secured within an end 1 la of the tube 11 opposite the insert 14. A work-engaging head 15 can then be detachably coupled to the insert.

The matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. While a particular embodiment has been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the broader aspects of applicants' contribution. The actual scope of the protection sought is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art.