TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is that of a multi-piece plastic removable and reusable insulation jacket for insulating valves for a hot or cold fluid piping system. More generally, this invention relates to an insulation cover for insulating any component in a fluid piping system including but not limited to valves, fittings, and pipe for temperatures of both below and above ambient. Pipe fittings shall include but not be limited to 90° elbows, 45° elbows, tees, wyes, unions, reducers, caps, clean outs, traps, strainers, pressure reducers, actuators, flanges, flow restrictors, metering devices, and elements.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A significant void exists in the availability of effective insulation for pipes, valves, and fittings for low (sub-ambient) temperature fluids. The most common and effective insulation applications of pipe, valves and fittings are for high (above ambient) temperature fluids. Differential temperatures in the majority of low temperature installations are on the order of 100°F or less compared to high temperature installations where differentials exceeding 1000°F are not uncommon with the majority of these installations having differentials between 200°F and 700°F. One can easily recognize the cost savings that will accrue from insulating high temperature piping systems while the actual cost savings of effectively insulating low temperature piping systems is not so obvious, because the comparatively small temperature differentials between a cold piping surface and a warmer and moist ambient environment is misleading in that, unlike high temperature piping installations, the ambient humidity becomes a dominate factor.

In high temperature piping applications ambient humidity is and remains in the vapor state, while in low temperature piping applications the ambient humidity or water vapor tends to condense or changes state from a vapor to a liquid or solid on

the low temperature piping system surface. As heat is withdrawn from the ambient environment through heat gain by the cooler low temperature piping system, ambient water vapor molecules lose energy and concentrate in the boundary layer of the piping system surface. As ambient air near the piping system surface reaches its dew point, moisture begins to condense or freeze on the piping system surface and then cools to the surface temperature of the piping system. This change of state or phase for water is the result of the transfer to the chilled circulating fluid in the piping system of the vapor's latent heat of vaporization, which typically doubles the apparent heat gain from the ambient temperature change alone. Thus the value of effective low temperature insulation is double, on a thermal gain basis alone, what is typically perceived from only the temperature differential. Therefore, if an insulation system on low temperature piping systems is to be effective, the insulation system must economically isolate the piping system from the ambient moisture laden environment. The reason isolation is so important is because as insulation becomes wet with condensation the wet insulation looses its thermal resistance and the effectiveness of the insulation is diminished. Also, as ambient water vapor condenses on a chilled water piping system due to the insulation not totally isolating the piping system, a vapor pressure differential is developed between the inside and outside of the insulation. This vapor pressure differential is the force that causes the vapor migration to continue into the pipe insulation. Therefore effective low temperature pipe insulation must not only provide thermal resistance but also water vapor isolation and impermeability.

Today, low temperature or chilled water piping systems are insulated primarily for one or more of the following reasons :

1. Conservation of Energy.

2. Control and prevention of condensation.

3. Optimization of equipment sizing.

4. Process control.

By controlling and preventing condensation, designers also eliminate or minimize four problems commonly associated with

chilled water insulation systems:

1. Dripping pipes that damage ceilings, walls, floors, equipment and/or furnishings.

2. Initiation of mold and mildew and the potential for associated health problems.

3. Corrosion of pipes, valves, and fittings promoted by water condensation and/or chemicals leached by the moisture passing through the insulation itself.

4. Heat gained from no or failed insulation.

Due to the above problems, the importance of effectively insulating chilled water systems cannot be understated.

While dripping condensation may be easily recognizable, moisture vapor intrusion is generally not obvious and can progress for relatively long periods of time before any visible evidence is noticed. During this period, not only has the insulation lost its thermal resistance due to moisture, but also the pipe and pipe fittings have been rusting and corroding. Disregarding the cost of replacing corroded valves, pipe and fittings, the insulation must be replaced and experienced engineers have suggested that replacement costs of just the insulation can easily run two to three times the initial installed insulation cost.

A set of tests was conducted on a standard test apparatus as shown and described in Standard C-335 of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) . The test results indicate that a series of concentric annuli can be used to provide insulating performance equal to or even exceeding the same thickness of fibrous insulation. The range of optimum air gap thicknesses is 0.25 inches to 0.05 inches. However, at low temperature differentials between the pipe surface and the surroundings an air gap of larger than 0.50 inches can be effective.

In the application concerning chilled water valve insulating jackets, chilled liquid temperatures of around 35°F in the piping system and ambient temperatures of the surrounding atmosphere of around 100°F results in a temperature differential of around 65°F and heat transfer in the form of heat gain by the chilled fluid

in the piping system occurs primarily thou conduction and convection, with radiation heat transfer generally not being a significant factor. Under these conditions only one air gap or air space is normally required to provide the insulation characteristics necessary to effectively insulate the piping system.

With piping system fluid temperatures much higher than ambient, and temperature differentials exceeding 100°F relative to ambient temperatures, radiation heat transfer becomes significant along with conduction and convection, thus requiring an increased number of air gaps, radially in series (i.e. concentric annuli) to inhibit and retard heat transfer to rates approximately equivalent or superior to fibrous insulation materials. A radiantly reflective surface is employed preferably on the innermost interior surface of the insulating jackets to counter heat transfer due to radiation.

Testing has indicated that multiple, narrow, concentric annular air gaps surrounding a pipe section could provide the insulating characteristics equal or superior to the same thickness of fiberglass in a piping system carrying a hot fluid, specifically steam.

The advantages of such an insulation system include but are not limited to the following:

1. An air gap insulation system designed and constructed predominately or exclusively of plastic has a lower installed cost than presently used insulation systems using materials such as fiberglass and ceramic fiber.

2. An air gap insulation system eliminates the health hazards allegedly associated with glass and ceramic fibrous materials.

3. The air gap insulation system permits the insulation jackets for valves, pipe fittings, and pipe sections to be easily installed, removed, and reused all without tools when the piping or insulation system requires service.

4. The use of a clear, transparent, or translucent plastic material for the insulation jackets used on valves, pipe fittings and pipe sections permits the observation of these components while in service. Any leaks and or corrosion can thus be detected and located. This also permits the insulation jacket to be installed before the piping system has been pressure tested.

5. The physical properties of plastics enable the insulation jackets to be used in environments such as but not limited to sunlight and weather exposure thus eliminating the requirement for metal jacketing that fibrous insulation materials usually require.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The object of this invention is to provide an insulating valve jacket of thermoplastic for a valve in a chilled water system which can seal the valve off from the surrounding ambient environment thereby providing an effective vapor barrier to prevent the migration of moisture to the valve's cold surface and thus prevent the formation of condensation on the valve or insulation.

It is also the object of this invention to provide an insulating valve jacket of thermoplastic in a chilled water system which is designed to utilize the optimum air gap of one quarter inch, as determined by testing, trapped between the valve jacket and the valve to provide effective insulation.

It is also the object of this invention to provide an insulating valve jacket in a chilled water system which is at least partially made of clear, transparent or translucent, thermoplastic to permit observation of the valve and thus determine possible system failure from condensation or pipe system leakage.

It is also the object of this invention to provide an insulating valve jacket in a chilled water system which can be easily removed once failure is observed, the moisture drained,

and the valve jacket easily reinstalled and resealed all without the use of tools.

To this end, an insulating jacket for a valve in a chilled water system has been provided which consists essentially of two identical thermoplastic sections to cover the valve body and a thermoplastic section to cover the valve handle which all interlock and seal together. Additionally, thermoplastic adaptor collars of identical pieces interlock, snap together and seal around and seal to the valve insulating jacket and the adjoining pipe insulation.

In practice, this design concept could be applied to all kinds of pipe fittings, and the pipe of a chilled water system or other hot or cold fluid distribution systems. Also, additional optimum air gaps could be built into the valve jacket wall to increase thermal efficiency and one or more of these air gaps could be evacuated to provide even more thermal efficiency. The air gap space could also be filled with any kind of insulation material to provide other insulation characteristics.

Also in practice, this design concept could be used as a means to prevent pipe, valves, and fittings from freezing, either with or without heat tracing.

A most significant object is to conserve energy in an efficient and cost effective manner.

Another significant object is to utilize low permeability, clear, transparent or translucent, recycled or virgin thermoplastics to mold all the necessary valve jacket components. Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention of this application will be better understood when viewed with the following drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an insulating valve jacket complete with removable valve handle cover and adapter collars connecting the valve jacket to the adjoining pipe insulation, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 showing only four of the seven pieces with all three different pieces shown that make up the complete valve jacket assembly.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the installed valve jacket of FIG.

1 complete with valve handle cover and adapter collars connecting the valve jacket to the adjoining pipe insulation.

FIG. 4 is an end view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a vertical section taken through the axial center line of the complete valve jacket assembly, substantially along the line 7-7 of FIG. 4 in the direction of the arrows thereon.

FIG. 7A is an enlargement of the adapter collar connection to the valve jacket.

FIG. 8 is a vertical section substantially along the line 8-8 of FIG. 6 in the direction of the arrows thereon.

FIG. 9 is a vertical section substantially along the line 9-9 of FIG. 6 in the direction of the arrows thereon.

FIG. 10 is a vertical section substantially along the line 10-10 of FIG. 6 in the direction of the arrows thereon.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the top portion of FIG. 10 with the two parts separated. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the several views, and primed numerals denote an identical part in a different orientation, FIG. 1 illustrates an installed valve jacket assembly complete with two valve jacket halves 1 and 1', valve handle cover 3, and two pairs of adapter collar halves 2 and 2' connecting the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' to the adjoining pipe insulation 13 covering pipes 11 on both sides of the valve 12, showing all seven pieces of valve jacket assembly of which there are three different piece configurations 1, 3 and 2 all in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present application.

In addition to valves, this preferred embodiment could also be used for insulating any other type of pipe fitting including but not limited to 90° elbows, 45° elbows, tees, wyes, unions, reducers, caps, clean outs, or any other pipe line components including but not limited to traps, strainers, pressure reducers,

actuators, flanges, flow restrictors, metering devices, and including but not limited to pipe, and other elements of well known nature. From the following detailed description, the manner of adapting the invention to these other conditions will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 with only four of the seven pieces shown, for clarity, that make up the valve jacket assembly of FIG. 1. First, the preferred embodiment of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' that encloses valve 12 is that of two identical halves 1. Another less preferred embodiment is where two valve jacket pieces would be different in configuration. Also the two identical valve jacket halves 1 and 1' or the two valve jacket halves each of a different configuration could be connected together by a feature like but not limited to a live hinge as shown in FIG. 12 molded integral with the two parts, for example along the bottom edge, rendering the identical 1 and 1' or different configuration valve jacket pieces as a single component. The valve jacket halves 1 and 1' when assembled together surrounding valve 12 are located and held in position straddling valve 12 by contact of cylindrical surfaces 7 of valve jacket halves 1 and 1* against pipes 11 on each side of valve 12. The cylindrical surfaces 7 must seal against pipes 11 to provide a barrier against the migration of water vapor across this interface. This seal can be accomplished many different ways including but not limited to providing a caulking material on this interface, a gasket material, or an "0" ring in an appropriate groove, not shown, in the cylindrical surface 7 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', or a snug fit of cylindrical surfaces 7 around pipes 11. Cylindrical surface 7 has purposely been made wider than the wall thickness of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' to provide for a more stable purchase on pipes 11 and to provide a larger sealing surface between the cylindrical surfaces 7 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' and pipes 11, in order to prevent the migration of water

vapor across this interface of cylindrical surfaces 7 and pipes 11.

The two identical valve jacket halves 1 and 1' when fitted and pressed together around valve 12 and pipes 11, are held together by a latching system formed by tabs 4 that slide up the surface 25 of ramped projections 6 and when tongues 9 fully engage in grooves 10 of the mating faces 14 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', then tabs 4 snap closed so that the surface 20 of tabs 4 bears against surface 21 of ramped projection 6 holding the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' together. The tabs 4 and ramped projections 6 are preferred to be molded integral with the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The tabs 4 have a beveled surface 22 to facilitate engagement with surface 25 of the ramped projections 6. As the tabs 4 progress up the ramped projections 6 during assembly, tabs 4 are deflected outward stressing the cantilever tabs 4 until surface 20 of each tab 4 goes just beyond surface 21 of each ramped projection 6, at which time the deflected and stressed tabs 4 "snap closed", returning to their undeflected position and unstressed state engaging surface 20 of each tab 4 with surface 21 of each ramped projection 6. As with assembly, the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' may be disassembled without tools by using one's fingers to pry up the projecting end and deflect and stress each cantilevered tab 4 in succession on the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' so the surfaces 21 and 20 no longer contact, thus permitting the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' to separate and come apart, with the tabs 4 returning to their undeflected and unstressed position, rendering the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' reusable. It is understood that the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' can be held together in many other ways and is not limited to the previously described manner.

The mating faces 14 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' seal together by means of an interference fit of tongue 9 in groove

10 so the resulting seal will prevent the migration of water vapor from the ambient environment into the internal cavity formed around valve 12 by the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The interference fit of the tongue 9 in the groove 10 is caused by the tongue 9 being wider than the groove 10 creating a press fit of the two parts producing a seal. A preferred embodiment is that the tongue 9 and the groove 10 be molded integral with the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The sealing of the faces 14 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' could be accomplished in many other ways such as but not limited to using a caulking material, or an adhesive, a gasket material or "0" ring between the faces 14. For example, the functions of sealing and holding the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' together may be accomplished simultaneously by a circular bead with an undercut in place of the tongue 9 and a circular groove 10 with an undercut on mating faces 14, such that as the valve jacket halves 1 and 1" are hand pressed together around pipes 11 and valve 12, the circular bead snaps into the circular groove, thus sealing and holding the valve jacket halves together. It is understood that there are many other geometries that can be used to accomplish this function. The valve jacket halves 1 and 1' can be injection molded from any of the wide variety of injection moldable plastics, and a preferred characteristic is that the plastic be clear, transparent, or translucent such that water vapor condensation accumulation inside the installed valve jacket assembly can be observed, indicating a failure of the sealing of the valve jacket assembly. Also a leak of the process fluid in pipes 11 and valve 12 within the valve jacket assembly can also be detected by using a clear, transparent, or translucent plastic for any or all of the valve jacket assembly pieces. This permits the insulating jacket to be installed before the system is pressure tested. It is desirable but not necessary to have the features of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' like or similar to those shown in FIG. 2, because the part has no under cuts and can

be injection molded with open-shut tooling requiring no side pulls, inserts, or other similar mechanisms. Different size valve jacket halves 1 and 1' would be provided for the various standard pipe and valve sizes. Cylindrical surface 7 in valve jacket halves 1 and 1' could be part of an interchangeable insert in this area of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', particularly for the smaller pipe and valve sizes where there is little difference in the over all size of the valve 12, and cylindrical surface 7 of the inserts would be sized to match and seal to the size of pipes 11.

The valve handle cover 3 shown in FIG. 1, and in FIG. 2, and in section in FIG. 7 is installed after the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' are snapped together locating on pipes 11 and around valve 12. The valve handle cover 3 is so dimensioned as to provide ample interior space for a rising stem valve handle 18 to be in the fully open position and still have sufficient clearance between the valve handle 18 and the top of the valve handle cover 3. Valve handle cover 3 also seals to the top annular face 16 that is formed when the two valve jacket halves

1 and 1' are snapped together on pipes 11 and around valve 12.

It will be realized that this seal can be obtained by a wide variety of configurations and means, including but not limited to elastomeric materials, gaskets of various types and kinds, sealants, snap lock seams, and interference fits such as a circular bead in a circular socket, or a wedge shape in a wedge shaped socket. As an example for the presently preferred embodiment, the open end of the valve handle cover 3 is lowered over the valve handle 18 and inside the circular portion 16 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The chamfer 19 on the lower outer edge of the valve handle cover 3 assists the engagement with the top annular face 16 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' .

The valve handle cover 3 is fully engaged when annular surface

35 of valve handle cover 3 seals against the top annular face 16

of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' and the projection 23 of valve handle cover 3 snaps over the extended corner 5 of the top annular face 16 of valve jacket halves 1 and 1', to hold the valve handle cover in place, and to provide a seal against the migration of water vapor from the ambient environment into the internal cavity formed around valve 12 by the valve jacket halves 1 and 1* and the valve handle cover 3. Also included but not specifically illustrated herein are screw threads of any appropriate configuration at the cylindrical surface 30 of the valve handle cover 3 and the mating cylindrical surface 29 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', such that by rotating the valve handle cover 3 about the center line of the valve stem 24, relative to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', the projection 23 of the valve handle cover 3 will engage and seal against the extended corner 5 of the top annular face 16. By rotating the valve handle cover 3 the opposite direction as before, the screw threads at the interface of cylindrical surfaces 30 and 29 will disengage the valve handle cover 3 from the top annular face 16, thus breaking the seal and separating the two parts. A screw thread configuration that provides full engagement and sealing with only 90° rotation of the valve handle cover 3 relative to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', is preferred. Another important reason that the valve handle cover 3 is easily removable and resealable, is to gain access to the valve handle 18 in order to make changes in the flow rate through valve 12 and reseal the valve handle cover 3 as described before. Preferably, the valve handle cover 3 can be injection molded from any of the wide variety of injection moldable thermoplastics, or rubber or rubber like material to provide a stretch seal. A preferred characteristic is that the material be clear, transparent, or translucent such that water vapor condensation accumulation inside the cavity containing valve 12 formed by the sealing together of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' and the valve handle

cover 3, can be observed indicating a failure of a seal, or a leak in the valve 12 can be detected, or the position of the valve handle 18 can be observed without removal of the valve handle cover 3.

As shown in FIG. 1 and in more detail in FIG. 2, and Fig. 7, and FIG. 7A, the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' connect and seal to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' , and seal to the pipe insulation 13 of the pipes 11 extending from each side of valve 12, and also the faces 17 of each collar half 2 seals to the adjoining faces 17 of the other collar half 2' by an interference fit tongue 9 in groove 10 as on the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . Although there are many different ways to accomplish the sealing of the adjoining pipe insulation 13 to the valve jacket halves

1 and 1', a preferred method is by using adapter collar halves

2 and 2' as hereinafter described.

The preferred embodiment of the adapter collar halves 2 and

2 ' is that they are identical pieces, and two pieces are employed on each end of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', for a total of four adapter collar halves 2 in the valve jacket assembly as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 6. Another less preferred embodiment is where two adapter collar halves would be different in configuration. Also the two identical adapter collar halves 2 and 2* or the two adapter collar halves, each of a different configuration, could be connected together by a feature like but not limited to a live hinge molded integral with the two parts, rendering the identical 2 and 2' or different configuration adapter collar halves as a single component .

The two identical adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ^■ when fitted and pressed together around the pipe insulation 13 and the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', are held together by tabs 4 that slide up the surface 25 of ramped projections 6 and when tongues 9 fully engage in grooves 10 of the mating faces 17 of the adapter

collar halves 2 and 2', then tabs 4 snap closed so that the surface 20 of tabs 4 bears against surface 21 of the ramped projections 6 holding the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' together. The tabs 4 and ramped projections 6 are preferred to be molded integral with the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' . The tabs 4 have a beveled surface 22 to facilitate engagement with surface 25 of the ramped projections 6. As the tabs 4 progress up the ramped projections 6 during assembly, tabs 4 are deflected outward stressing the cantilever tabs 4 until surface 20 of each tab 4 goes just beyond surface 21 of the ramped projection 6 at which time the deflected and stressed tabs 4 snap closed, returning to their undeflected position and unstressed state engaging surface 20 of tabs 4 with surfaces 21 of ramped projections 6. As with assembly, the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' may be disassembled without tools by using one's fingers to pry up the projecting end and deflect and stress each cantilevered tab 4 in succession on the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' so the surfaces 21 and 20 no longer contact, thus permitting the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' to separate and come apart, with tabs 4 returning to their undeflected and unstressed position, rendering the adapter collar halves 2 and

2' reusable. As also applicable with the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', when the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' are permitted to separate, the tongue 9 sealing in groove 10 with an interference fit also separates so that the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' and the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' can be reused and resealed.

The adapter collar halves 2 and 2' can be held together in many other ways and is not limited to the previously described manner. The mating faces 17 of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' seal together by means of an interference fit of tongue 9 in groove

10 so the resulting seal will prevent the migration of water vapor from the ambient environment into the internal cavity

formed around the pipe 11 by the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' , the pipe insulation 13 and the outside end of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The interference fit of the tongue 9 in the groove 10 is caused by the tongue 9 being wider than the groove

10 creating a press fit of the two parts producing a seal. A preferred embodiment is that the tongue 9 and the groove 10 be molded integral with the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' . The sealing of the faces 17 of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' could be accomplished in many other ways such as but not limited to using a caulking material, an adhesive, a gasket material or "0" ring between the faces 17. The adapter collar halves 2 and

2' can be injection molded from any of the wide variety of injection moldable thermoplastics, and a preferred characteristic is that the plastic be clear, transparent, or translucent such that water vapor condensation accumulation inside the cavity formed by the installed adapter collar halves, can be observed, indicating a failure of the sealing of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' to each other, the pipe insulation 13 and or to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . Also a leak of the process fluid in the pipes 11 can be detected by using a clear, transparent, or translucent plastic for the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' .

It is desirable but not necessary to have the features of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' like or similar to those shown in

FIG. 2, because the part has no undercuts and can be injection molded with open-shut tooling requiring no side pulls, inserts, or other similar mechanisms. Different size adapter collar halves would be provided for the various standard thicknesses of pipe insulation for a given standard pipe size. Thus for a given pipe size and the associated valve jacket halves 1 and 1', adapter collar halves would be selected to correspond to the thickness of pipe insulation and the given associated valve jacket halves 1 and 1' for that pipe size.

When the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' are assembled together surrounding and sealing to the pipe insulation 13, and

attaching to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', they are located and held in position by and seal to the circular tongue 31 that is formed by the flat circular surfaces 28 and the cylindrical surface 15 on each end of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' . The seal between the cylindrical surface 26 and the pipe insulation can be accomplished many different ways including but not limited to providing a caulking material or grease or semi-liquid on this interface, a gasket material, an "0" ring in an appropriate groove, not shown, in the cylindrical surface 26, a snug fit of cylindrical surface 26 around the pipe insulation 13, or circular or helical ridges, not shown, on cylindrical surface 26 that press into the pipe insulation 13 providing a seal . The specific configuration of the seal of cylindrical surface 26 to the pipe insulation 13 will be determined by the physical dimensions, properties, and characteristics of the specific pipe insulation 13 encountered. The pipe insulation may include but not be limited to Fiberglas TM, elastomeric foam, foam glass, or isolated air gap.

Although there are many different ways to accomplish the sealing of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2' to the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', a preferred method is shown in FIG. 7, and shown in more detail in FIG. 7A. The circular tongues 31 on both ends of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' are formed by the flat circular paralleled surfaces 28 and the cylindrical surface 15.

This circular tongue 31 is a press fit into the groove 32 formed by the flat circular parallel surfaces 27 and the cylindrical surface 8 of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 ' . As the two adapter collar halves 2 and 2' are pressed together, the circular tongue 31 is pressed into the circular groove 32 because the width of the circular groove 32 is slightly narrower than the thickness of the circular tongue 31. To facilitate the assembly of the interference press fit of the circular tongue 31 in the

circular groove 32, that provides the seal, the edges of the circular tongue 31 are chamfered, detail not shown on the drawings, to ease their engagement. Also the inside diameter of the cylindrical surface 8 of the adapter collar halves 2 and 2 • is always a little larger than the outside diameter of the cylindrical surface 15 of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1" so that the two cylindrical surfaces 8 and 15 upon assembly of these components, do not contact each other for any significant portion of their respective circumferences, so as not to interfere with the sealing of the circular tongue 31 in circular groove 32.

There are many variations of the details of providing a seal between the adapter collar halves 2 and 2* and the valve jacket halves 1 and 1', and one preferred variation would be to taper either the circular tongue 31 and/or the circular groove 32 such that the resulting interference press fit seal would tend to axially center the assembled adapter collar halves 2 and 2' on the axil center of the valve jacket halves 1 and 1' .

It should also be noted that the valve jacket material does not have to have significant insulating properties because the isolated air space between the valve and the valve jacket provides the insulating properties of the invention. It is within the scope of this invention to add any type of insulation material such as but not limited to perlite, vermiculite, Styrofoam TM, Fiberglas TM, or other types of foam, or some type of mixture of gas or gasses inside the valve jacket.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the valve jacket or a portion of the valve jacket be of a clear, transparent, or translucent material so that condensation accumulation inside the valve jacket can be observed with excess condensation indicating a failure in the valve jacket sealing and or so that a leak of the process fluid from the valve or pipes can be observed and or the position of the valve handle can be observed indicating the amount the valve is open or closed.

The previously described invention is specifically for a single air gap insulating valve jacket in a cold fluid piping

system. However, a similar configuration can be employed for pipe fittings of all different kinds. Where access to the particular fitting is desired, then a removable cover can be employed similar to the valve handle cover previously described. Where access to the particular fitting is not desired, as an example for an elbow or tee, then the removable cover can be deleted from the design of the fitting insulating jacket.

In the previous chilled water application, sealing together of the insulating jacket pieces to provide a barrier against the migration of ambient water vapor to within the insulating jacket was of most importance to preclude condensation of the ambient water vapor on the chilled piping system. However, in hot piping systems, that is, where the temperature of the fluid in the piping system is above ambient temperature, the condensation of ambient water vapor on the piping system will not occur. Thus, sealing to prevent the migration or intrusion of ambient water vapor to prevent condensation of this water vapor is not a factor. The insulating jacket sections for hot piping systems need to be sealed or engaged to each other to the extent of eliminating air convection or migration between the ambient and the interior of the insulating jackets.

As the temperature difference between the hot fluid in the piping system to be insulated and the ambient increases, then additional radially annular air gaps are needed to provide insulation values similar to those of Fiberglas TM. The resistance to heat transfer is provided by the air in the annular air spaces and the boundary layers at the surfaces of the insulating jacket walls, creating the singular or multiple annular air spaces. Also, as the temperature difference increases, then radiant heat transfer becomes a significant factor and this mode of heat transfer can be reduced by employing radiantly reflective surfaces, preferably, but not limited to, the inner most surface of the insulating jacket. The reflective coating on the inner surface can be transparent or translucent so that interior of the jacket is visible. As described thus far, the insulating jackets are primarily made of plastic, but the temperature differential may be such that it is desirable to

fabricate one or more of the inner walls of the insulating jackets of a sheet metal material.

The insulating jackets of multiple annuli for valves and piping systems conveying hot fluids can be constructed many different ways, with two of the ways being hereinafter described. The first method uses an outer jacket complete with tabs and latches and engagement means all as previously described. Plastic and/or metal inserts are shaped inside the jacket halves to form the multiple radial annuli. The second method uses successively larger complete jackets that fit over top of already installed jackets to create multiple radial annuli.

Since pipe sections can be long compared to the length of a valve or fitting, the extrusion molding process may be more suited because continuous lengths of pipe jacketing can be produced. Another advantage of the extrusion molding process is that any number of radial annuli can be simultaneously extruded integral with the jacketing. Single layer pipe section jackets can be injection molded but with limited length, where as extrusion can also produce single layer jacketing, but in continuous lengths. The pipe sections should be made in less than four foot sections, preferably three foot sections for ease of installation.

Two methods are preferred, but are not the only ways pipe and insulating jackets are held in position relative to the pipe section. The first method is with radial ribs that are integral with and extend inward from the innermost annular wall, to contact the pipe. The second method is where the pipe jacket couplings of identical halves have annular rings molded into its circular radial surface that accept the ends of the pipe insulating jacket, and the couplings rest and index against the pipe. These pipe jacket coupling halves would be similar to the adapter collar halves previously described. The adapter collar halves would also connect a valve or pipe fitting jacket to air gap pipe insulation.

Another application for air gap valves, pipe fittings, and pipe insulating jackets would be for cryogenic piping systems. Further, the insulating jacket is of especial use in situations

where sanitation is a requisite, such as the food industry. In that use, the jacket could have a closable nipple or quick disconnect coupling added to permit the introduction of a sterlizing fluid and its removal. Alternately, the jacket can be removed sterilized and re-installed.