| CLAIMS 1. An insulating panel, preferably a closure of openings with variable transmission of light and/or passage of heat, where the panel contains at least one frame or wing with at least two glass sheets or double or multiple insulating glass pane and where this frame or wing is adapted for unwinding from a winding mechanism and introduction of at least one foil able to interact with the passing heat and/or light radiation and/or adapted for influencing the heat convection in its surroundings, namely for introduction of such foil in parallel with these glass sheets, characterized in that at the opposite edges of the frame or wihg frame (11 ), in the immediate vicinity of the glass sheets or double (12) or triple (13) or multiple insulating glass pane and/or at the opposite edges inside the double (12) or triple (13) or multiple insulating glass pane at least one pair of winding mechanisms (20) of the foil (3) is installed that is adapted for simultaneous winding and unwinding of at least one foil (3) where each winding mechanism (20) always contains a winding drum, (2) where the foil (3) edge is fixed and in each pair of the winding mechanisms (20) at least one synchronization and/or tensioning element of thewinding drums (2) is created. 2. The insulating panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the pair of Winding mechanisms (20) one winding mechanism (20) is connected to the drive (5a,5b) and the other winding mechanisms (20) is interconnected with the first winding mechanism (20) with a synchronization element. , > ," , .". >< 3. The insulating panel according to claim 1 and 2, characterized i n that the synchronization element has the form of a pair of gears (6), each connected to a winding drum (2), where these gears (6) are interconnected with a toothed belt (7). , 4. The insulating panel according to claim 1 and 2, characterized i n that in one pair of cooperating winding mechanisms (20) one winding drum (2) in one winding mechanism (20) is connected to the drive (5a,5b) and the other winding drum (2) in the other winding mechanism (20) is equipped with a spring-loaded winding element. 5. The insulating panel according to claims 1to4, characterized i n that at least one pair of the winding mechanisms (20) is fitted with at least two different foils (3). 6. The insulating panel according to claim 5, characterized in that different foils (3) of one pair of winding mechanisms (20) are arranged one after another with regard to the rewinding direction and are connected to each other in the direction parallel to the axes of the winding drums (2) of both the winding mechanisms (20) in one pair of these winding mechanisms (20). 7. The insulating panel according to claims 4 to 6, characterized i n that the drive is designed as a handle (5b) or a hand wheel, connected directly or via a gear mechanism to at least one winding drum (2) in a cooperating pair of winding mechanisms (20). 8. The insulating panel according to claims 4 to 6, characterized i n that the drive is designed as an electric motor or electric drive (5a), connected directly or via a gear mechanism to at least one winding drum (2) in a cooperating pair of winding mechanisms (20). 9. The insulating panel according to claim 8, characterized in that the electric motor or electric drive (5a) is connected to a mains and/or battery power supply and/or to a photovoltaic power supply with a backup battery. 10. The insulating panel according to claims 1 to 9, characterize d i n that at least one of the foils (3) is at least partly covered with photovoltaic cells. |
Field of the invention
The invention deals with systems for influencing the passage of light and/or heat radiation through closures of openings, especially closures of openings in walls, ceilings or roofs, where these closures generally have the form of windows or at least partly glazed doors. These systems ensure transmission, reflection or absorption of light and heat radiation in a variable way with regard to the instantaneous situation, e.g. on the basis of the current season, instantaneous temperature of the premises that are mutually separated with these closures, which are usually designed as windows. However, they may also take the form of insulating panels that are not windows in the right sense of the word and from which relatively independently screening or insulating walls are built that are positioned in front of peripheral walls or shells of buildings.
Background of the invention
At present, some structures are known that are created for the purpose of influencing the passage of light and heat to and from enclosed spaces. For this purpose various screens or blinds are used that have a rolling, folding, etc. design. These screens are installed outside the windows in some cases and in the inner space in some cases. Depending on the positioning of such screens, besides shading of light, heating up of the interior is limited, or conversely, entrance of heat to the interior is supported.
In the case of these additional screens changes in the passage of light and especially heat can only be achieved by their readjustment between the active and inactive position, but their function cannot be changed. To enable changing the function of such screens it would be necessary to design these screens as adjustable between the active and inactive position, but it would additionally be necessary to adapt the design and suspension of these screens for their removal from the interior to the exterior and vice versa. However, such designs are not commonly used as they would be very expensive, complex and consequently more susceptible to failures. Besides, every structure with screens outside the window is subject to soiling, which leads to higher maintenance costs, increased failure rate and reduced service life. Further, there are systems where the passage of light and heat through windows is influenced with layers or; foil applied or glued onto the glass sheets of these windows. Depending on the required effect it is also known that the overall light and heat effect can be influenced not only by the selection of the layer or foil type, but also by the, fact where such a layer is positioned, i.e. e.g. on the inner or outer side of the glass panel, on the inner or outer sheet of a, double insulating glass pane, etc. Thus, e.g. heat radiation penetrates into the interior, or conversely, is reflected to the outdoor environment, or the inner sheet of the double insulating glass pane may be directly heated up to heat up the interior and improve the heat comfort inside the room. However, if variability of the above mentioned characteristics should be achieved in the case of systems with foil or layers created directly on the surface of a glass sheet or sheets, it would be generally necessary to change such a glass, sheet or at least change its position with regard to the direction of the light and mainly heat radiation, Thμs, e.g. a window system is known, commercially referred to as "KSD-windows", where in the basic window wing an auxiliary window is mounted in , a rotary way, representing double insulating pane with a light frame while on one of the glass sheets foil supporting absorption of heat radiation is glued from the inside. If heating of the interior needs to be limited in the summer season, the auxiliary wing is turned in the main window wing in such a way for the glass sheet with the absorption foil to become the outer sheet, which means that the outer glass sheet is heated up and penetration of heat to the interior is reduced by the gap between the glass sheets. On the other hand, in the winter season the auxiliary wing is rotated by 180° so that the glass sheet with the absorption foil can become the inner sheet, which results in heating of the inner glass sheet by the penetrating heat radiation while the inner sheet is insulated from the cold outdoor environment by the gap between the glass sheets in this position, helping to heat up the interior. However, a disadvantage of this well- known system is that a window with three frames altogether must be created, i.e. with the fixed frame, the main wing and the auxiliary wing, which increases the weight arid price of the product as well as the fact that to change the characteristics of the window you must turn the auxiliary wing by 180°, which requires a free handling space around the window and for such a movement it is very difficult to install a possible servo drive if the control or adjustment to the other position needs to be mechanized or automated. In addition, for reliable sealing of this window a system is used where sealing is applied between the fixed frame and the auxiliary wing so to turn the auxiliary wing in the main wing you must first open the main wing and subsequently turn the auxiliary wing in this main wing by the above mentioned value of 180°, which means that the handling space for such turning must be considerably large. ,
Summary of the invention ,
The above mentioned disadvantages are substantially reduced and at the same time a relatively structurally simple insulating panel is created, especially a closure, of openings with variable transmission of light and/or passage of heat, where, the insulating panel contains at least one frame or wing with at least two glass sheets or double or multiple insulating glass pane and where this frame or wing is adapted for introduction of at least one foil able to interact with the passing heat and/or light radiation and/or adapted for influencing the heat convection in its surroundings, namely for introduction of such foil in parallel with these glass sheets in accordance with the presented invention the principle of which Js that at the opposite edges of the frame or wing frame, in the immediate vicinity of the glass sheets or double or multiple insulating glass pane at least one pair of winding mechanisms of the foil is installed that is adapted for simultaneous winding and unwinding of at least one foil where each winding mechanism always contains a winding drum where the foil edge is fixed and in each pair of the winding mechanisms at least one synchronization and/or tensioning element of the winding drums is created. It is convenient if in the pair of the winding mechanisms one winding mechanism is connected to the drive and the other winding mechanism is interconnected with the first winding mechanism by means of a synchronization element. A convenient synchronization element is a pair of gears, each connected to a winding drum where these gears are mutually interconnected with a toothed belt. Alternatively, it is convenient if in one pair of cooperating winding mechanisms one winding drum in one winding mechanism is connected to the drive and the other winding drum in the other winding mechanism is equipped with a spring-loaded winding element. At least one pair of winding mechanisms is advantageously fitted with at least two different foils. Also, the different foils of one pair of winding mechanisms are conveniently, with regard to the rewinding direction, arranged one after another and are connected to each other in the parallel direction with the axes of the winding drums of both the winding mechanisms in one pair of these winding mechanisms. It is also convenient if the drive is designed as a handle or hand wheel, connected directly or via a gear mechanism to at least one winding drum in a cooperating pair of winding mechanisms. Alternatively, it is also convenient if the drive is designed as an electric motor or electric drive connected to at least one winding drum in a cooperating pair of winding mechanisms. Then advantageously, if an electric drive is used, the electric drive is connected to a mains and/or battery power supply and/or photovoltaic power supply vyith a backup battery. It is also convenient if one of the foils is at least partly covered with photovoltaic cells.
This way, a relatively structurally simple closure of openings, especially a window, is created that exhibits very wide variability in the sphere of influencing the passage of light and heat through this opening, i.e. window as a rule. The system may work equally well as a mere insulating panel, e.g. installed in front of a peripheral wall, both on a small area and covering the whole such wall. Depending on the number and type of used foils you can achieve full transmission of light and heat to the interior, incl. e.g. heating of the inner glass sheet, which then radiates heat to the interior or possibly accumulates heat, which is used in the colder, generally winter season. In other seasons on the other hand, after a change of the configuration and type of foils, currently unwound to the window opening or technically in the same way to the space of the insulating panel light and heat can be shaded or directly reflected back to the exterior, which means that e.g. in the summer season the interior does not heat up. Thus, it is possible also to achieve savings of costs of heating energy in winter or cooling, i.e. operation of, AC units in summer. Besides, by selecting suitable foil you can unilaterally limit transparency of windows, so it is possible to save costs of fitting the interior with curtains, or when using foil with photovoltaic cells even to produce electricity. All this means cost savings as well as increasing of the comfort of interiors equipped with closures of openings in accordance with the presented invention.
Brief description of the drawings
The presented invention is further described and explained with the use of a sample embodiment, also using the attached drawings where Rg. 1 shows, in a perspective, view, a pair of winding mechanism with a pair of foils connected one after another, namely in a design for installation in a closure of a wall opening where the closure has the form of a window with a double or triple insulating glass sheet, Fig. 2 schematically illustrates, in a side view, several options of grouping of winding mechanisms, then Fig. 3 shows, in a transversal vertical section, the installation of a pair of winding mechanisms in a window with a double or triple insulating glass sheet while Fig. 4 shows, this time in a transversal horizontal section, the same window with a double or triple insulating glass sheet with visible guiding grooves for the foils and finally, Fig. 5 presents a front view of a window with more individual glazed fields for which Fig. 6 schematically presents, in the front view, the layout of individual drives interconnecting individual winding mechanisms.
Detailed description of the invention In a sample embodiment the closure is designed as a window IO with a double Vλ or triple insulating glass pane 13. Here, the window 10 contains a fixed frame 1 and a wing frame H. This wing frame H is adapted for introduction of two foils 3 able to interact with the passing heat and light radiation and designed for influencing the heat convention in their surroundings, which is here the space between the two sheets of the double 12 or triple glass pane ^3. In practice it would be possible to introduce foil to a standard, already sealed double insulating glass pane, but it would require making a cutout in the corresponding frame edge, which would mean that many advantages of otherwise hermetically closed double or multiple pane would not be used. Therefore, the system will be designed in such a way that in the wing frame two glass sheets will be installed next to each other, but not as a pre-insulated and sealed product, but as a pair of sheets assembled in the wing frame only, as shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 while in the case of a system with three sheets a certain triple glass pane system is created, but it is composed of a pre-insulated and sealed double insulating sheet supplemented in the wing frame with another, third glass sheet enclosing the space with the movable foil. The introduction of such foils 3 in parallel with these glass sheets, in an embodiment in accordance with the presented invention is designed in the sample embodiment in such a way that at the opposite edges of the wing frame H and in the immediate vicinity of the double 12 or triple insulating glass pane 13 a pair of winding mechanisms 20 of the foil 3 is created here that is adapted for simultaneous winding and unwinding of the pair of foils 3 carried or suspended and tensioned between them where each winding mechanism 20 contains a winding drum 2 with a fixed edge of the foil 3 and in this pair of winding mechanisms 20 a synchronization element of the winding drums 2 is installed, which has the form of a toothed belt 7. In this sample embodiment in the illustrated cooperating pair of winding mechanisms 20 one winding mechanism 20 is connected to the drive 5a, or alternatively 5b, and the other winding mechanism 20 is interconnected with the first winding mechanism 20 with a synchronization element designed here as a system containing a toothed belt 7 and gears 6 engaged with the winding drums 2. Here, in some cases it may be necessary to supplement the pair of winding mechanisms with a foil tensioning mechanism, which may be e.g. solved by mounting of the bearings of one of the winding drums in a sliding seat with tensioning springs, but then you may need to consider supplementing the whole mechanism with a tensioning device of the toothed belt. Alternatively, the winding drums may also be synchronized in such a way that in one pair of cooperating winding mechanisms one winding drum in one winding mechanism is connected to the drive and the other winding drum in the other winding mechanism is equipped with a spring-loaded winding element. This design is not illustrated. here, but it can be created with the use of knowledge of winding mechanisms of common window bjinds. It is true that in this embodiment the force of the winding springs must be suitably adjusted, but there is an advantage that the foil is always tensioned without the need of creating another tensioning mechanism. The only pair of winding mechanisms 20 shown here is fitted with two different foils 3. Here, these different foils 3 of one pair of winding mechanisms 20 are arranged one after another with regard to the winding direction and are connected to each other in the parallel direction with the axes of the winding drums 2 of both the winding mechanisms 20 in one pair of these winding mechanisms 20 shown here. The side guiding of the foils 3 is ensured by means of grooves 21, created at the inner side of the wing frame 11.. Generally, such side guiding can be created in another, well-known way, e.g. in a shaped insert or profile, or in some cases the system may also be designed without side guiding. The drive is designed as a handle 5b, connected via a gear mechanism to one winding drum 2 in the cooperating pair of winding mechanisms 20. Alternatively, another option is shown here when the drive is designed as an electric drive 5a, connected to one winding drum 2 in the cooperating pair of the winding mechanisms 20. If the electric drive 5a is used, this electric drive 5a is connected to a, power supply, in this case to the main battery supply 5J. and to a photovoltaic supply 52 with a backup battery, where the backup battery is just the main battery power supply 51.. Mains power supply, not shown here, may also be connected to the main battery power supply 5I 1 The electric drive 5a is then actuated and also reversed with a switch 511. As regards the particular selection of the foil type, one of the foils 3 is selected as heat absorbing foil and the other foil 3 is selected as foil covered with photovoltaic cells; Then, the electric interconnection of these photovoltaic cells with the corresponding place of delivery must be considered, but this issue, is not dealt with in the scope of this invention and it can be solved e.g. with common sliding contacts of the bearings 4 of the winding drums 2. In general, in one window one or more pairs of winding mechanisms can be installed and one winding mechanism can also be designed with one or; more winding drums as shown in the options of Fig. 2. This way you can have the possibility to change foils in more gaps between glass sheets in one window, or you can wind up a relatively long band containing more than two foils in one pair of winding mechanisms. Or you can install more pairs of winding mechanisms 20 in one window wing with more glazed fields while then you can design synchronization of the movements of foils 3 between individual glazed fields by means of coupling of the pairs of winding mechanisms 20 of individual glazed fields between each other, namely with the use of more toothed belts 7, representing more synchronization elements here. Such a system, outlined schematically in Fig. 5 and Fig.6, may also represent a set of insulating panels on a relatively independent insulating wall, arranged in front of a peripheral wall of a building. However, within this invention you can also install a pair of winding mechanisms directly in the enclosed space of a pre-insulated and sealed double, triple or multiple insulating glass pane. However, then you need to create sealed energy supply lines for the drive of the winding mechanism, which can be e.g. achieved using a sealed passage of the drive shaft or electric conductors or contactless transmission of mechanical or electric energy from the external space to the internal space of the pre-sealed space of the double or mμltiple pane. An advantage in this case will be better sealing of the winding mechanisms against dust and moisture, a disadvantage may be a higher price of the system and limitation of contactless transmission to rather lower transmitted power.
The function pf the system is as follows. By means of the manual or electric drive foil is ; rewound from one winding drum to the other one by means of which foil: of one type is unwound from the window opening and another foil type is introduced into the opening. After this change the window will exhibit different characteristics from the point of view of influencing the passage of light and heat radiation or the conditions for heat transmission by convection will also change as the newly introduced foil separates the space in the double glazing , by itself and you can also introduce foil showing increased insulating, capabilities from the convection point of view. Thus, a structurally simple closure of an opening or window is achieved or an insulating panel is created that exhibits very wide reliability in the sphere of influencing the passage, of light and heat. Depending on the number and type of used foils you can achieve full transmission of light and heat to the interior, incl. e.g. heating of 1 the inner glass sheet, which then radiates heat to the interior or possibly accumulates heat, which is used in the colder, generally winter season. In other seasons on the other hand, after a change of the configuration and type of foils, currently unwound to the window opening or to the space of the insulating panel light and heat can be shaded or directly reflected back to the exterior, which means that e.g. in the summer season the interior does not heat up. Thus, you can also achieve savings of costs of heating energy in winter or cooling, i.e. operation of AC units in summer. Besides, by selecting suitable foil you can unilaterally limit transparency of windows; so you can save costs of fitting the interior with curtains, or when using foil with photovoltaic cells you can even produce electricity. All this means cost savings as well as comfort improvement.
Industrial applicability- -
A system based on the invention can be used to ensure changes of the passage of light and especially heat through openings, mainly window, but also passage of light or heat through separate insulating or shading panels or walls based on the same principle, with very wide variability and relatively low costs, with small requirements for space and with the possibility of adaptation of existing windows or their f technical equivalents, all this with relatively high sayings of energy for heating and cooling of premises equipped with these windows. Such windows may be structurally adapted for installation not only in buildings, but also in vehicles, boats or aircraft.