LABA ANDRE (CA)
LABA JESSIE (CA)
SLEIMAN TONY (CA)
LABA ANDRE (CA)
LABA JESSIE (CA)
| US6684847B1 | 2004-02-03 | |||
| US5092752A | 1992-03-03 | |||
| US2345561A | 1944-04-04 | |||
| US5415141A | 1995-05-16 | |||
| US5540199A | 1996-07-30 | |||
| US3485179A | 1969-12-23 | |||
| US3904327A | 1975-09-09 |
. -
CLAIMS
What is claimed is:
1. An engine, comprising: a rotor operably associated with at least one vane to form at least one variable chamber, said at least one vane having a first cam roller and a second cam roller; a block for receiving said rotor, said block having an inlet and an outlet; at least one roller cam operably associated with said first cam roller and said second cam roller; an ignition source received by said block, operably associated with said variable chamber; and wherein when said rotor rotates in said block, said at least one vane will change position relative to said rotor to vary the size of said at least one variable chamber, and when said at least one variable chamber moves in proximity to said inlet, air will be drawn into said at least one variable chamber, said at least one variable chamber will compress said air, said ignition source will ignite fuel mixed with said air cause said at least one variable chamber to expand, and said at least one variable chamber will move in proximity to said outlet, discharging said air.
2. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising: said rotor having at least one slot and at least one combustion chamber used to form said at least one variable chamber, said rotor mounted on an output shaft, said at least one vane rollably received in said at least one slot, and said second cam roller is a different size relative to said first cam roller; said block having a first quadrant which includes an inlet port, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, and a fourth quadrant which includes an outlet port; a first cover plate and a second cover plate connected to said block on each side of said rotor; a combustion wall disposed within said block and circumscribing said rotor, said combustion wall in sliding contact with said at least one vane;
. .
a series of side combustion walls disposed within said block adjacent to said rotor, and in sliding contact with said at least one vane, and one of said series of side combustion walls is positioned between said first cover plate and said rotor, and one of said series of side combustion walls is disposed between said second cover plate and said rotor; wherein when said at least one vane moves past said inlet port and through said first quadrant, air will be drawn into said block and into said at least one variable chamber, and said vane will move from a retracted position in said slot to an extended position extending out of said slot, and said at least one variable chamber will expand in size; wherein when said at least one vane moves through said second quadrant, said at least one vane will move from an extended position extending out of said slot to a retracted position in said slot, and said air will become compressed because said at least one variable chamber will be reduced in size; wherein when said at least one vane moves through said third quadrant, said at least one vane will move from a retracted position in said slot to an extended position extending out of said slot, and said air will be combusted and said at least one variable chamber will increase in size, applying a force to said at least one vane, causing said rotor to rotate; and wherein when said at least one vane moves through said fourth quadrant, said at least one vane will move from an extended position extending out of said slot to a retracted position in said slot and said at least one variable chamber will be reduced in size, and said air will be forced out of said exhaust port.
3.. The engine of claim 2, further comprising at least one spark plug operably associated with said third quadrant for igniting fuel combined with air to provide combustion.
4. The engine of claim 3, further comprising a series of spark plugs for igniting fuel combined with air at various points of rotation of said rotor to
. .
allow fuel combined with air to combust in said third quadrant independent of the speed of said rotor.
5. The engine of claim 2, said at least one vane further comprising: a first side groove for receiving a tension spring and partially receiving a first side seal; a second side groove for receiving a tension spring and partially receiving a second side seal; an outer groove for receiving an outer tension spring and partially receiving an outer seal; and wherein said tension spring disposed in said first side groove places said first side seal in continuous sliding contact with one of said series of side combustion walls, said tension spring disposed in said second side groove places said second side seal in continuous sliding contact with one of said series of side combustion walls, said outer tension spring places said outer seal in continuous sliding contact with said combustion wall as said rotor rotates said at least one vane, and said first cam roller and said second cam roller roll along said roller cam to change the position of said at least one vane relative to said slot as said rotor rotates.
6. The engine of claim 2, said at least one vane further comprising: a series of stub shafts for receiving said series of cam rollers; a first side groove for receiving a tension spring and partially receiving a first side seal, said first side seal in sliding contact with one of said series of side inserts; a second side groove for receiving a tension spring and partially receiving a second side seal, said second side seal in sliding contact with one of said series of side inserts; an outer groove for receiving an outer tension spring and partially receiving an outer seal, said outer tension spring is sliding contact with said insert; and -
wherein said series of cam rollers roll along said roller cam applying a force to said at least one vane to change the position of said at least one vane relative to said slot as said rotor rotates.
7. The engine of claim 2, further comprising: at least one bearing lock operably associated with said at least one vane; and wherein when said vane moves in said slot, said bearing lock will prevent said at least one vane from coming in sliding contact with said at least one slot.
8. The engine of claim 7, wherein said bearing lock further comprises: a first set of recesses and a second set of recesses located in said at least one slot; a base portion having a groove; a locking member partially received by said groove, and partially received by said first set of recesses, said base portion having at least one shaft; at least one roller rotatably mounted on said at least one shaft, said at least one roller in rolling contact with said at least one vane, said at least one roller partially received in said second set of recesses; wherein when said at least one vane moves in said slot, said at least one vane will roll along said at least one roller, preventing sliding contact between said at least one vane and said at least one slot.
9. The engine of claim 7, wherein said bearing lock further comprises: a base portion formed into said slot on said rotor; a series of bearing lock rollers mounted on said base portion in rolling contact with said at least one vane; and wherein said at least one vane rolls along said bearing lock rollers as said at least one vane moves in said slot. _ _
10. The engine of claim 1, wherein said at least one roller cam defines the position of said at least one vane relative to said rotor as said rotor rotates.
11. The engine of claim 2, further comprising: a set of slot recesses in said at least one slot; at least one slot tension spring disposed in said at least one slot recess and at least one seal partially disposed in said set of slot recesses; and wherein when said at least one vane moves in said slot, said at least one slot tension spring and said at least one seal will be in continuous sliding contact with said at least one vane, preventing air from entering into said slot.
12. The engine of claim 2, further comprising: at least one recess formed as a portion of said at least one slot, said at least one recess having a V-shaped cross section; at least one seal disposed in said at least one recess, said at least one seal having a V-shaped cross section; and wherein said at least one seal is in sliding contact with said at least one vane as said at least one vane moves into and out of said slot.
13. The engine of claim 2, further comprising a plug which can be selectively inserted into said combustion chamber, reducing the size of said cavity, and increasing the amount of combustion pressure in said variable chamber.
14. The engine of claim 2, wherein said at least one roller cam is a dual-faced roller cam which defines the position of said at least one vane relative to said at least one slot, and said dual-faced roller cam is easily removable from said first cover plate or said second cover plate.
15. An internal combustion engine, comprising: a rotor having a plurality of combustion chambers and plurality of slots for receiving a plurality of vanes, said area between said plurality of vanes and said plurality of combustion chambers disposed between each of said plurality of combustion chambers forming a plurality of cavities; a block for $υrrouπding and receiving said rotor; a first cover plate and a second cover plate connected to said block, further surrounding said rotor; an combustion wall disposed within said block, surrounding said rotor and in continuous sliding contact with said plurality of vanes; at least one side combustion wall adjacent to said rotor and in sliding contact with said plurality of vanes; a first roller cam connected to said first cover plate, and a second roller cam connected to said second cover plate, said first roller cam and said second roller cam operably associated with said plurality of vanes; and wherein when said rotor rotates, said first roller cam and said second roller cam will move said plurality of vanes in said plurality of slots such that said plurality of vanes will consecutively move from an extended position to a retracted position in said plurality of slots.
16. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, further comprising: a first quadrant having an inlet port for receiving air; a second quadrant for compressing said air; a third quadrant for combusting said air and any fuel mixed with said air, a fourth quadrant having an outlet port for discharging said air and said fuel; at least one igniter, operably associated with said third quadrant; wherein when said plurality of cavitles move across said inlet port, said plurality of vanes will move from a retracted position in saϊd plurality of slots to and extended position out of said plurality of slots, expanding said plurality of cavities to cause air to be drawn into said plurality of cavities; wherein when said plurality of cavities move through said second quadrant, said plurality of vanes will move from an extended position to a retracted position In said plurality of slots, reducing the size of said plurality of cavities, and said air will become compressed In said plurality of cavities; wherein when said plurality of cavities move through said third quadrant, said plurality of vanes will move from a retracted position in said plurality of slots to and extended position out of said plurality of slots as said fuel is ignited by said at least one igniter, causing said air and fuel mixed with said air to combust, applying a force to said plurality of vanes to cause said rotor to rotate and said plurality of cavities to expand; and wherein when said plurality of vanes move through said fourth quadrant, said plurality of vanes will move from an extended position to a retracted position in said plurality of slots and across said exhaust port, said air and said fuet that has been combusted will discharge out of said exhaust port.
17. The internal combustion engine of claim 16, wherein said at least one igniter is positioned to ignite said fuel such that said fuel will combust when said plurality of cavities are in said third quadrant.
18. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, said plurality of vanes further comprising: a first side seal In sliding contact with said at least one side combustion wall, said first side seal partially disposed in a first side groove and supported by a tension spring; a second side seal in sliding contact with said at least one side combustion wall, said second side seal partially disposed in a second side - groove and supported by a tension spring; an outer seal in sliding contact with said combustion wall, said outer seal partially disposed in an outer groove and supported by an outer tension spring; and wherein said first side seal receives force from said tension spring disposed in said first side groove to press said first side seal against said at least one side combustion wall, said second side seal receives force from said tension spring disposed in said second side groove to press said second side seal against said at least one side combustion wall, and said outer tension ' spring presses said outer seal against said combustion wall.
19. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, said plurality of vanes further comprising: a series of cam rollers disposed on opposite sides of said plurality of vanes, end in rolling contact with said first roller cam and said second roller cam; a series of set screws operably associated with said series of cam rollers; and wherein said series of cam rollers roll along said first roller cam and said second roller cam, changing the position of said vaπβ relative to said slot as said rotor rotates in said block, and said series of set screws maintain the position of said series of cam rollers on said plurality of vanes.
20. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, said plurality of vanes further comprising: a first cam roller connected to opposite sides of said plurality of vanes and in rolling contact with said first roller cam and said second roller cam; a second cam roller connected to opposite sides of said vane in rolling contact with said first roller cam and said second roller cam, said second cam roller being smaller than said first cam roller; and wherein said first cam roller and said second cam roller move said plurality of vanes into and out of said plurality of slots as said rotor rotates.
21. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, further comprising a plurality of bearing locks, wherein said plurality of bearing locks are in rolling contact with said plurality of vanes as said plurality of vanes move In said plurality of sluts.
22. The internal combustion engine of claim 21, said plurality of bearing locks further comprising: a base portion integrally formed in each of said plurality of slots; a plurality of bearing lock rollers operably associated with said basa portion; and wherein as said plurality of vanes move In said plurality of slots, said plurality of bearing lock rollers roll along the surface of said plurality of vanes as said plurality of vanes move in said plurality of slots.
23. The Internal combustion engine of claim 21 , said plurality of bearing locks further comprising: a first set of recesses and a second set of recesses integrally formed in each of said plurality of slots; a base portion having a groove and a plurality of stub shafts for receiving a plurality of rollers, said plurality of rollers disposed within said second set of recesses; a locking member operably associated with said groove and said first set of recesses; and wherein as said plurality of vanes move in said plurality of slots, said plurality of rollers wili roll along the surface of said plurality of vanes.
24. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, further comprising: a plurality of slot recesses formed as part of said plurality of slots; a plurality of seals disposed in said plurality of slots and supported by a plurality of slot tension springs in said plurality of slot recesses; and wherein said plurality of seals are in sliding contact with said plurality of vanes as said plurality of vanes move into and out of said plurality of slots.
25. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, further comprising; a plurality of recesses having a V-shaped cross section formed in said plurality of slots; a plurality of seals having a V-shaped cross section partially received by said plurality of recesses; and wherein said plurality of seals are in sliding contact with said plurality of vanes as said plurality of vanes move in said plurality of slots.
26. The internal combustion engine of claim 15, further comprising a plug which is inserted Into said combustion chamber to reduce the size of said cavity, further compressing air and fuel introduced into said cavity as said rotor rotates.
27. An engine, comprising: a rotor having a series of vanes disposed in a corresponding series of slots, and a series of combustion chambers with each one of said series of combustion chambers formed as part of said rotor in between each of said series of vanes; a block having an inlet port and an outlet port, a first quadrant operably associated with said inlet port, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, and a fourth quadrant operably . associated with said outlet port, said block for receiving said rotor, an combustion wall received by said block, circumscribing said rotor and in sliding contact with said series of vanes; a first cover plate connected to said block and adjacent to said rotor; a second cover plate connected to said block and adjacent to said rotor; an Ignition source operably associated with said cavity; a series of side combustion walls, one of said series of side combustion walls located between said first cover plate and said rotor, and one of said series of side combustion walls located between said second cover plate and said rotor; a series of roller cams for defining the position of said series of vanes relative to said block as said rotor rotates; and wherein said combustion chamber and the space between said series of vanes forms a cavity, said cavity will expand as said cavity moves through said first quadrant, drawing in air to said cavity, said cavity will contract and compress said air as said cavity moves through said second quadrant, said cavity will expand as said air is combusted with a fuel as said cavity moves through sard third quadrant, and said cavity will contract and force said air through said outlet port as said cavity moves through said fourth quadrant
28. The engine of claim 27, wherein said ignition source is at least one spark plug operably mounted in said block such that said fuel can be ignited in said cavity to cause said air and said fuel to combust as said cavity moves through said third quadrant.
29. The engine of claim 27, wherein said series of vanes are each further comprised of: a first cam roller and a second cam roller disposed on each side of said series of vanes and in rolling contact with said series of roller cams; and wherein said first cam roller and said second cam roller roll along said series of roller cams, changing the position of said series of vanes relative to said series of slots, and maintaining said series of vanes in sliding contact with said combustion wall.
30. The engine of claim 27, said series of vanes further comprising: a tension spring disposed within a first side groove, and a first side seal partially disposed within said first side groove in sliding contact with one of said series of side combustion walls; a tension spring disposed within a second side groove, and a second side seal partially disposed within said second side groove and in sliding contact with said one of said series of side combustion walls; an outer groove having an outer tension spring for supporting an outer seal, said outer seal in sliding contact with said combustion wall; and wherein when said rotor rotates, said tension spring in said first side groove will maintain said first side seal in sliding contact with one of said series of side combustion walls, said tension spring in said second side groove will maintain said second side seal in sliding contact with one of said series of side combustion walls, and said outer tension spring will maintain said outer seal in contact with said combustion wall.
31. The engine of claim 27, said series of vanes further comprising: a plurality of cam rollers operably associated with said series of roller cams; a plurality of stub shafts for supporting said plurality of cam rollers; and wherein said plurality of cam rollers roll along said series of roller cams as said rotor rotates in said block, changing the position of said series of vanes, S
32. The engine of claim 27, further comprising a bearing lock disposed within said series of slots for guiding the movement of said series of vanes into and out of said series of slots, [.
0 33. The engine of claim 32, said bearing lock further comprising: a baε© portion integrally formed in each of said series of slots; at least one bearing lock roller connected to said base portion and in raiting contact with said series of vanes; and wherein said at least one bearing lock roller rolls along the surface of 5 said series of vanes as said series of vanes move in said series of slots.
34. The engine of claim 32, said bearing lock further comprising; a first set of recesses and a second set of recesses formed in each of said series of slots; 0 a base portion having a groove for partially receiving a locking member, and a series of shafts for supporting a series of rolters; and wherein said locking member is partially received In said first set of recesses, said series of rollers are received in said second set of recesses, and said series of rollers are in rolling contact with said series of vanes as said 5 . series of vanes move in said series of slots.
35. The engine of claim 27, further comprising a plug which can be selectively mounted In said combustion chamber to reduce the size of said cavity, increasing power. |
_ _
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/739,484, filed November 23, 2005.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved rotary type internal combustion engine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Internal combustion engines are generally known. The type of internal combustion engine most commonly used is an internal combustion engine having at least one piston disposed within a cylinder and connected to a crank shaft through the use of a connecting rod. The piston moves from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder during operation, this is also referred to as stroke length. Air and fuel that is injected into the cylinder gets compressed as the piston moves toward the top of the cylinder. Once the air and fuel is compressed, it is combusted, forcing the piston to move downward in the cylinder. Air is repeatedly taken into the cylinder, compressed and combusted as the piston moves in the cylinder in a cyclical manner.
The motion of the piston moving in the cylinder is translated to the crank shaft through the connecting rod which translates the linear motion of the piston tά rotational motion. The connecting rod has a bearing which is offset from the center of the crank shaft bearing and connected to the connecting rod. As the distance from the bearing to the center of the crank shaft is increased, the stroke length of the piston increases, and the ability to generate an increased amount of torque is increased as well. However, an increased stroke length also increases the amount of compression of the air inside the cylinder. One of the draw backs to an internal combustion engine is that increasing the compression of the air inside the cylinder can cause the air and fuel to combust prematurely. Therefore, in a conventional gasoline
internal combustion engine, the stroke length, and hence the maximum torque which can be generated, is limited.
Also, the angle of the connecting rod also changes as the piston moves in the cylinder and the crankshaft rotates. The crank shaft is typically heavy in order to deal with the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder. A great deal of heat and mechanical energy is wasted during this transfer of motion of the piston. The piston also has to stop at a "top dead center" position (the point at which the piston has moved to the top of the cylinder) during the combustion stroke. This allows valuable heat and energy that can be used to provide mechanical energy to escape. Approximately one third of the heat energy from combustion is lost through the cooling system and another third is lost through the exhaust system. This leaves one third of the heat energy from combustion to be used for mechanical energy.
The piston slides in the cylinder and relies on oil to minimize friction. In one portion of the stroke of the piston, the angle of the connecting rod is positioned such that the friction level on one side of the piston increases greatly. If the engine does not have an adequate cooling system, and oil lubrication, the piston would seize inside the cylinder under load. An oil pump is needed to generate significant pressure to keep the bearing sliding on a film of oil, or else the bearings will seize. This friction can also produce inconsistencies in power and reduce the efficiency of the eηgine. Other points of friction that are located in the valve train also inhibit efficiency as well.
Another type of engine is commonly referred to as a "rotary engine." This type of engine includes a rotor disposed within a housing, with the rotor mounted on a large circular lobe on an output shaft. The lobe is offset from the center of the output shaft, providing the leverage, and therefore torque necessary for operation. The rotor is typically three-sided, and creates three chambers inside the housing, one chamber for each side of the rotor. Each chamber changes size as the rotor rotates in the housing. As the rotor rotates, each chamber receives air from an intake port, and the air is then compressed in a similar manner to that of an internal combustion engine having pistons. The rotor will continue to rotate, and the air will be combusted, and forced out of an exhaust port. To help keep the chambers
_ _
separate from one another, seals are used between the rotor and the housing to keep the air and fuel in each of the chambers from mixing.
However, these seals not only rotate in a circular manner with the rotor, but also rotate in an epitrochoidal manner, causing excessive wear in the seals. Also, typical rotary engines do not burn all of the fuel in the chamber during the combustion process due to the poor surface to volume ratio, which leads to reduced fuel economy and higher emissions.
Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved type of internal combustion engine which does not have the disadvantages of an internal combustion engine having pistons, such as poor utilization of combustion energy as mechanical energy, high friction, and being limited by the stroke length of the pistons; as well as not having the disadvantages of a rotary engine, such as poor sealing characteristics, poor fuel economy, and lower torque due to limited leverage at the output shaft.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an internal combustion engine having a rotor operably associated with at least one vane to form at least one variable chamber, with the at least one vane having a first cam roller and a second cam roller. The invention also includes a block for receiving the rotor, with the block having an inlet and an outlet, and at least one roller cam operably associated with the first cam roller and the second cam roller, as well as an ignition source received by the block, operably associated with the variable chamber. When the rotor rotates in the block, the at least one vane will change position relative to the rotor to vary the size of the at least one variable chamber, and when the variable chamber moves in proximity to the inlet, air will be drawn into the variable chamber, the variable chamber will compress the air, the ignition source will ignite fuel mixed with the air to cause the variable chamber to expand, and the variable chamber will move in proximity to the outlet, discharging the air.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be
understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of an internal combustion engine with the first cover plate, the second cover plate, one of the side inserts, and block removed, according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is an exploded view of an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a sectional side view taken along line 4-4 in Figure 1, according to the present invention;
Figure 5 is an exploded view of a vane used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention; Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a bearing lock and a seal used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a cover housing used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 8 is a first exploded view of an alternate embodiment of a vane used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 9 is a second exploded view of an alternate embodiment of a vane used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a plug used in a combustion chamber, used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an internal combustion engine incorporating a water pump and an oil pump, according to the present invention;
Figure 12 is an enlarged perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a bearing lock, according to the present invention;
Figure 13 is a greatly enlarged perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a vane used in an internal combustion engine, according to the present invention; and
Figure 14 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an engine incorporating an additional engine, according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Referring to Figure 1, an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is generally shown at 10. The engine 10 includes an inlet or an inlet port 12 and an outlet or an exhaust port 14 mounted on a block 16. Referring to the Figures generally, located inside the block 16 is a rotor 18 having a series of slots 20 located circumferentially around the rotor 18. Connected to the block 16 is a first cover plate 22 and a second cover plate 24; the first cover plate 22 is the same as the second cover plate 24 and will be described together. The cover plates 22,24 have a first set apertures 26 which are used for receiving fasteners 28 which are then inserted into corresponding apertures 30 in the block 16, thereby attaching the cover plates 22,24 to the block 16. The cover plates 22,24 also have a second set of apertures 32 for receiving additional fasteners 34 which are then inserted into corresponding apertures 36 in a dual-faced roller cam, which in this embodiment is a roller cam 38. Each cover plate 22,24 is connected to a roller cam 38, the roller cams 38 are located on opposite sides of the rotor 18 as shown in the Figures. Each cover plate 22,24 contains a groove 40 which is of similar shape as the roller cam 38 for aiding in maintaining the position of the roller cam 38 relative to the rotor 18.
-
Rollably disposed in each of the slots 20 are corresponding vanes 42. Each vane 42 is similar, and the description of one vane 42 applies to the remaining vanes 42. An exploded view of one of the vanes 42 is shown in Figure 5. Each vane 42 has a first cam roller or large cam roller 44 rotatably mounted on a large stub shaft 46, where the large stub shaft 46 is received by a large aperture 48, and a second cam roller or small cam roller 50 mounted on a small stub shaft 52, where the small stub shaft 52 is received by a small aperture 54. The large stub shaft 46 and the small stub shaft 52 are received in the large and small apertures 46, 54 respectively in a conventional manner such as a threaded or press fit. The large cam roller 44 and the small cam roller 50 are on opposite sides of the roller cam 38 and roll along the roller cam 38 as the rotor 18 rotates, changing the position of the vanes 42 relative to the rotor 18. The position of each vane 42 relative to each slot 20 as the rotor rotates is defined by the shape of the roller cam 38. As each vane 42 moves relative to the rotor 18, a bearing lock, shown generally at 58 in Figures 2 and 6, is used to prevent friction between the vanes 42 and each slot 20. The portion 60 of the vanes 42 surrounding large apertures 48 is of increased thickness for handling the increased loads applied to the vane 42 by the large stub shafts 46. Each vane 42 also has a series of openings 62, in which the material forming the vane 42 has been removed for the purpose of reducing the weight of the vane 42, increasing efficiency. Each bearing lock 58 has a base portion 64 formed as part of the rotor 18. Mounted on the base portion 64 are a set of bearing lock rollers 66 which contact the surface of the vane 42 and allow each of the vanes 42 to roll into and out of the slots 20 under reduced friction. The vanes 42 are generally rectangular in shape, and also include a first side groove 68 and a second side groove 70, tensions springs which are preferably wave springs 72, and first side seal 74 and second side seal 76. The vanes 42 also have an outer groove 78 which receives an outer wave spring 80 and an outer seal 82. The outer wave spring 80 used with the outer seal 82 presses the outer seal 82 against a combustion wall, which in this embodiment the combustion wall is a cast iron insert 84. The cast iron insert 84 is positioned inside the block 16. The cast iron insert 84 includes an inlet
_ _
aperture 86 and an outlet aperture 88 which are aligned with an inlet opening 90 and an outlet opening 92 in the block 16. Two side combustion walls 94,96 which can also be cast iron inserts, are located in the block 16 and are used with the cast iron insert 84 to surround the rotor 18 and the vanes 42, the function of which will be described later. The wave springs 68 press the first side seal 74 and second side seal 76 against the side inserts 94,96.
Each slot 20 also has a set of slot recesses 98 used for receiving corresponding slot wave springs 100 and slot seals 102; the slot seals 102 are pressed against, and are in sliding contact with, each side of the vane 42. The block 16 also has ports 104 used for receiving an igniter, or spark plugs 106, and oil collector lines 108 for receiving lubricating oil. At least one, but preferably a plurality of ports 104 can be used in the block 16 for receiving at least one or a corresponding plurality of spark plugs 106, the purpose of which to ignite an air-fuel mixture at different points during the rotation of the rotor 18, as the speed of the rotation of the rotor 18 changes.
The rotor 18 is mounted on an output shaft 110, the output shaft 110 has bearings 112 which supports the output shaft 110, and allows the output shaft 110, along with the rotor 18, to rotate relative to the block 16, the cast iron insert 84, and the side cast iron inserts 94,96. The output shaft 110 is connected to the rotor 18 through the use of a spline connection 118, and a set of fasteners 120 inserted into a set of apertures (not shown) on the output shaft 110 and another set of apertures (also not shown) on the rotor 18. The output shaft 110 can be connected to a transmission, or any other device requiring rotational power. The rotor 18 also includes combustion chambers 126 which are located in between each of the vanes 42. The area between the vanes 42, along with the combustion chambers 126 form a variable chamber or cavity, generally shown at 128, which varies in size and is used for combusting the air and fuel mixture, which will be described later. The area in the block 16 in which the rotor 18 is located is also sealed by a seal 130 on each side of the rotor 18, and each seal 130 partially rests in a rotor groove 134. Each seal 130 is supported in the rotor groove 134 by a rotor wave spring 136, the rotor wave spring 136 presses each seal 130 against the side cast iron inserts 94,96. Each seal 130 also has a set of notches 138,
_ .
which receive, and are in frictional contact with, the first side seals 74 and the second side seals 76, respectively, and allow the vanes 42 to roll into and out of the slots 20, while still providing a sealing effect. The first side seals 74, second side seals 76, seals 130, and the slot seals 102 prevent oil from entering the cavities 128. Lubrication is provided by feeding oil, or some other type of lubricant, through oil feed holes 140,142, which is then swept about the rotor 18 by the vanes 42, and exits through an oil return hole 144. The notches 138 receiving the first side seals 74 and the second side seals 76 also serve the function of maintaining the position of the seal 130 relative to the rotor 18; each seal 130 therefore rotates with the rotor 18, and relative to the side cast iron inserts 94,96, respectively.
The engine 10 also has a first axis 146 and a second axis 148. Each axis 146,148 acts to divide the engine 10 into four quadrants, a first quadrant 150, a second quadrant 152, a third quadrant 154, and a fourth quadrant 156. Each quadrant performs a different part of the cycle with respect to the engine 10 operation. The first quadrant 150 is the intake cycle, the second quadrant 152 is the compression cycle, the third quadrant 154 is the power cycle, and the fourth quadrant 156 is the exhaust cycle. Each quadrant 150,152,154,156 comprises ninety degrees of the rotation of the rotor 18. The first side seal 74, second side seal 76, outer seal 82, slot seals
102, and seal 130 provide a sealing effect such that no air or fuel that is to be combusted will contact the sides of the rotor 18 beyond the seal 130, or become mixed with air or fuel in adjacent cavities 128, essentially preventing "blow by." Referring now to Figure 4, the first and second cover plates 22,24 also include a water jacket 158 which works with a water jacket 160 in the block to provide cooling to the engine 10. On the outside of the first and second cover plates 22,24, there is an outer bearing 162 held in position on the output shaft 110 by a snap ring 164, and a bearing support 166. The bearing support 166 is connected to the first and second cover plates 22,24 respectively by fasteners 168. The bearing 112 is also held between a snap ring 170, and the first and second cover plates 22,24. The bearing 112, the outer bearing 162, the snap rings 164, 170, along with the bearing supports 166 act to keep the
- -
output shaft 110 and rotor 18 from moving axially relative to the first and second cover plates 22,24 and the block 16 so as to maintain the proper positioning of the first side seal 74 and the second side seal 76 relative to the side cast iron inserts 94,96 respectively, and the outer seal 82 relative to, and in constant sliding contact with, the cast iron insert 84. The outer bearing 162 is covered by a bearing cover 172 which is fastened to the first and second cover plates 22,24 by a set of fasteners 174. The bearing cover 172 also has an outer cap 176 fastened to the bearing cover 172 with another set of fasteners 178. Inside the outer cap 176 is a seal 180 for preventing oil which lubricates the bearings 112, and the outer bearings 162, from leaking.
In operation, the rotor 18, and therefore all of the vanes 42 and the various components associated therewith, rotates such that the vanes 42 are rotating in a direction moving from the exhaust port 14 toward the inlet port 12. Note that the area inside the block 16 in which the rotor 18 is positioned, the cast iron insert 84, and the side cast iron inserts 94, 96 are approximately elliptical in shape. The area inside the block 16 and the cast iron insert 84 have a portion which is substantially similar in diameter to the rotor 18, and a portion that is larger in diameter compared to the rotor 18. The rotor 18 is arranged in the cast iron insert 84 such that as the rotor 18 rotates, the vanes 42 will alternate from an almost completely extended position where the vane 42 is substantially out of the slot 20, to an almost completely retracted position where the vane 42 will be substantially retracted into the slot 20. Each vane 42 will extend out of and retract into the slot 20 twice during one rotation of the rotor 18. The first side seal 74 and second side seal 76 remain in constant contact with the side cast iron inserts 94,96, respectively, and the outer seal 82 remains in constant contact with the cast iron insert 84.
As the vanes 42 move across the inlet opening 86, air, or an air/fuel mixture, is drawn into the space between the vanes 42. Fuel can be injected into the inlet port 12 along with the air, or fuel can be injected by replacing one or more of the spark plugs 106 with a fuel injector in the ports 104. While the combustion chamber 126 is a fixed volume, each cavity 128 expands as the vanes 42 move through the first quadrant 150 because each vane 42 moves from a position of being retracted into a respective slot 20 to an extended
_ -
position out of a respective slot 20. This creates a vacuum effect, causing the air or air/fuel mixture to be drawn into the cavity 128.
Once the vanes 42 enter the second quadrant 152, the compression cycle is performed. In the second quadrant 152, the volume of the cavity 128 becomes reduced, compressing the air in between the vanes 42 as the rotor 18 continues to rotate. The compression is a result of the cavity 128 between the vanes 42 being reduced in size as the rotor 18 rotates through the second quadrant 152. During this part of the rotation, each vane 42 moves from an extended position to a retracted position. After the air or air/fuel mixture is compressed, the vanes 42 will rotate into the third quadrant 156. As each vane 42 enters the third quadrant 156, the spark plugs 106 in the ports 104 will ignite the fuel in the cavity 128, causing combustion in a similar manner to a conventional internal combustion engine. As can be seen in Figure 2, as each vane 42 moves through the third quadrant 156, the vane 42 will roll out of its respective slot 20. This results in each vane 42 having a greater surface area exposed to combustion as compared to the following vane 42. The greater surface area will result in a net unidirectional rotation of the rotor 18. It should be noted that the larger the distance between the center of the output shaft 110 to edge of the vane 42 where the outer seal 82 is located provides additional leverage for greater torque at low engine speeds. As previously mentioned, additional spark plugs 106 can be incorporated into the engine 10. The reason for incorporating additional spark plugs 106 results from the fact the fuel burns (or combusts) at the same rate, regardless of how fast the rotor 18 is spinning. As the rotor 18 rotates faster and faster, the fuel must be ignited earlier during the rotation of the rotor 18 to ensure that the combustion takes place in the third quadrant 154. The position of the spark plugs 106 added to the engine 10 will be dependent upon the maximum operating speed of the rotor 18, which can vary from one application to the next. Additional spark plugs allow for redundancy of ignition as may be desirable in certain applications, such as in aircraft, or the like.
As each vane 42 enters the fourth quadrant 158, the each vane 42 will change from an extended position where the vane 42 is extended out of the
slot 20, to a retracted position, where the vane 42 is retracted into the slot 20. As this occurs, size of the cavity 128 will decrease, causing the combusted gases to be swept through the outlet aperture 88, the outlet opening 92, and the exhaust port 14. Once the vanes 42 pass through the fourth quadrant 158, the vanes 42 will re-enter the first quadrant 152 and begin the intake cycle again.
An alternate embodiment of the vanes 42 and bearing lock 58 is shown in Figures 8, 9, and 12, with like numbers referring to like elements. In this embodiment, the large stub shafts 46 are mounted on the vane 42 itself. Each bearing lock 58 has a base portion 182 having a groove 184. The base portion 182 also has shafts 186 for supporting rollers 188 which contact the vanes 42 as the vanes 42 roll in the slots 20. Each bearing lock 58 also includes a set of locking members 190 having a tab 192 which is received by the groove 184. In this embodiment, the slots 20 of the rotor 18 are different, and have a first set of recesses 194 which partially receive the locking members 190, and a second set of recesses 196 which receive the rollers 188. The fit between the locking members 190 and the first set of recesses 194 allows the locking members 190 to apply a force to the groove 184 and therefore the base portion 182 to provide ability for pre-loading. This force is transferred through the shafts 186 and the rollers 188. The force applied from the rollers 188 to each side of the vane 42 allows the vane 42 to roll into and out of the slot 20 as the rotor 18 rotates. The vanes 42 also have set screws 204 received in a set of holes 206 in the vane 42 which prevent "play" during rotation of the rotor 18. In Figure 12, there are seals 208 which have a V- shaped cross-section and are received in a V-shaped recess 210 in the rotor 18. Note that in this embodiment, the surface of the vane 42 is not uniform, and the shape of each seal 208 matches the surface of the vane 42, thereby allowing the seal 208 to prevent any debris from entering the slot 20 as the vane 42 rolls into the slot 20. The seal 208 and the corresponding recess 210 are suitable for use with either type of bearing lock 58, and the shape of the seal 208 can be changed to match the surface of any type of particular vane 42. In Figures 8 and 9, there are two slot wave spring 100 and two slot seals
. -
102 used together for an improved sealing effect. This double sealing configuration can be used with either embodiment of the vanes 42.
Referring to Figure 10, the shape of the combustion chambers 126 can be changed to vary the amount of displacement and compression achieved in the engine 10. The amount of space can also be changed by using plugs 212 to reduce the space, and vary compression. The plugs 212 have fasteners 214 which are received by corresponding apertures 216 in the combustion chambers 126. If the engine 10 is operated using diesel fuel, the size of combustion chambers 126 can be changed so as to increase compression to combust the diesel fuel properly, eliminating the need for a spark plug. The engine 10 can also be adapted for use with hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel. Other advantages of the present invention include reduced friction by extensive use of rollers as opposed to sliding surfaces, and the elimination of a flywheel similar to what is used in traditional internal combustion engines because the mass of the rotor eliminates the need for a flywheel. This engine 10 can also be used as a positive displacement turbine powered by external combustion, steam, or other means of generating high-pressure gases. The use of a crank shaft is eliminated because the output shaft 94 is bolted directly to the rotor 18. Also, the engine 10 provides multiple power impulses per revolution, allowing for the use of fewer spark plugs on the opposite side of the ports 104. The engine 10 is modular and can be combined with other engines in tandem for increasing power. Oiling is supplied to the engine 10 through dry sump technology, which allows the engine to be mounted in any orientation. The design of the engine 10 also allows for air or liquid cooling systems.
The present invention also includes several other advantages. The cover plates can easily be removed thereby allowing the rotor 18, the vanes 42, and the roller cams 38 to easily be replaced, therefore improving serviceability and maintenance. Additionally, the roller cams 38 provide a smooth controlled movement of each of the vanes 42 without having the vanes 42 themselves come in contact with the inserts 84. Only the outer seals 82 on each of the vanes 42, will touch the surface of the cast iron insert 84. The engine 10 is also designed for reducing the surface to volume ratio in
. .
each cavity 128, as the cavity 128 moves through the third quadrant 154, which is the quadrant in which combustion takes place, thereby reducing emissions. Although the surface to volume ratio is reduced, the compression ratio is maintained allowing the engine 10 to use conventional fuels. Additionally, the block 16 can be incorporated to hold many spark plugs 106 and injectors for facilitating a direct injection fuel system. The engine 10 can also be used using air flowing into the inlet port 12, or compressed air forced into the inlet port 12 received from a device such as a turbocharger unit. The engine 10 can also be mounted in any position making it suitable for devices such as aircraft. Also, the engine 10 does not require specific tools for assembly, which facilitates ease of manufacture.
Referring to Figure 12, a water pump and an oil pump could be incorporated into the engine 10 and can be mounted on the output shaft 110, or externally and operate under an independent source of power. The water pump includes a series of pipes 222 for delivering cooling fluid to the water jackets 158,160, and the oil pump includes a series of fluid conduits 224 for feeding oil to the oil feed holes 140,142, and receiving oil from the oil return holes 144, which then delivers the oil to the oil collector lines 108.
A sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the engine 10 is shown in Figure 14. In this embodiment, the original engine 10 is combined with an additional engine 226 to provide additional power. Here, the first cover plate 22 is connected to the engine 10, and the second cover plate 24 is connected to the additional engine 226. Disposed between the first engines 10 and the additional engine 226 is a "coupler section" 228 which has an enlarged water jacket 230 for providing cooling to both engines 10. The fasteners 28 extend through the blocks 16 of both engines 10,226. Also, the roller cams 38 in between the engines 10,226 have fasteners 232 which extend through one of the roller cams 38 in the engine 10 and are received by a threaded portion 234 in the corresponding roller cam 38 in the engine 236. As shown in Figure 14, the engine 10 and the additional engine 226 are configured such that the third quadrants 154 (where combustion takes place) are one-hundred-eighty degrees apart, such that the firing sequence of the engine 10 is one-hundred- eighty degrees apart from the additional engine 226.
_ -
However, it is within the scope of the invention to configure the third quadrant 154 of the engine 10 to be at other angles relative to the third quadrant 154 of the additional engine 226 (i.e. twenty-two and a half degrees, forty five degrees, etc..) to provide various firing sequences and smoothness of operation. The coupler section 228 can compensate for the various orientations of the additional engine 226 relative to the engine 10 by allowing the roller cam 38 in the engine 10 to be at various angles relative to the roller cam 38 in the additional engine 226.
The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.