CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS:

[01] The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202221036922 filed on 28th June 2022, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD:

[02] The present disclosure relates generally to an isolation measurement arrangement for electric vehicles. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a device for measuring isolation resistance between a chassis and a power supply unit of an electric vehicle.

BACKGROUND:

[03] An electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle utilising a high-power large-capacity battery pack, needs to maintain an isolation between a battery pack and other components of the EV. As the improper isolation of the battery pack results in electrical energy leakage, that causes various problems or malfunctioning of the EV. For example, a leakage current causes an unexpected discharge of the battery pack or malfunctions of electronic components included in the EV. In addition, in case of the EV using a high voltage battery a leakage current may give a fatal electric shock to a person. Therefore, accurate identification of the isolation conditions of the battery pack is mandatory.

[04] Conventionally, in order to identify isolation conditions of the battery pack and/or to detect an electrical energy leakage from the battery pack, various kinds of isolation resistance measuring devices are being developed and used.

[05] In a typical isolation resistance measuring device, a high frequency signal is employed and used as an excitation signal for measurement at positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) terminals of the battery pack. The excitation signal with variable frequency, in the high frequency region, is injected between the terminals of the battery pack and the chassis of the electric vehicle. In a situation where the isolation between the terminals of the battery pack and the chassis is intact and there is no leakage of electrical energy, the device behaves like a simple resistor-capacitor (RC) network, where the capacitor (C) component dominates over the resistor (R) component. Further, output of the device with asserted signal is similar to the output of the RC network. However, in a situation where the isolation between the terminals of the battery pack and the chassis is not intact and there is leakage of electrical energy, the isolation resistance decreases, and the R component of the device starts dominating the C component. Thus, the device starts to behave like a resistor network. Moreover, this change in device behaviour gets reflected in the output signal and from this change in output signal Isolation resistance is estimated.

[06] However, the conventionally used isolation resistance measuring devices are complex to design, prohibitively expensive for many applications, creates extra challenges in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and generally also have problems in detecting certain types of faults, such as mid-point faults.

[07] Thus, there exists a need for an arrangement for measuring isolation resistance between a chassis and a power supply unit capable of periodically detecting the isolation conditions. Also, a cost effective, less complex, portable and accurate isolation resistance measurement arrangement is desirable.

SUMMARY:

[08] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an isolation resistance measurement arrangement, which enables periodic measurement of isolation resistance between a chassis and a battery pack.

[09] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an accurate but portable, easy to install and cost-effective isolation resistance measurement arrangement.

[010] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an isolation resistance measurement arrangement with reduced hardware complexity than the conventional isolation resistance measurement arrangement.

[Oil] Other objects and advantages of the system of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are not intended to limit the scope of present disclosure. [012] The present disclosure overcomes one or more shortcomings of the prior art and provides additional advantages discussed throughout the present disclosure.

[013] In an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a chassis and a power supply unit of an electric vehicle. The arrangement comprising a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a plurality of relays, and a resistance circuit including a plurality of precision resistors configured to limit a voltage, via the plurality of relays, supplied by the power supply unit, and an isolation resistor. The ADC is configured to sense the voltage across the plurality of precision resistors via the multiplexer to determine the isolation resistance.

[014] The arrangement, as disclosed in the present disclosure is advantageous in terms of enabling periodic measurement of isolation resistance between a chassis and a battery pack. Further, the arrangement, as disclosed in the present disclosure, provides an accurate but portable, easy to install and cost-effective isolation resistance measurement arrangement. Furthermore, the system, as disclosed in the present disclosure, provides an isolation resistance measurement arrangement with reduce hardware complexity than the conventional isolation resistance measurement arrangement.

[015] Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[016] The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers. [017] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:

[018] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an isolation resistance measurement system for measuring an isolation resistance between a battery system and a chassis, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[019] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply and a chassis, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[020] FIG. 3 illustrates a detailed schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply and a chassis, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[021] FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply and a chassis, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[022] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply and a chassis, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[023] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply and a chassis, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

[024] Common reference numerals are used throughout the drawings and the detailed description to indicate the same elements.

[025] In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[026] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognise that the other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible.

[027] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain embodiments for optimizing design of an electronic assembly and is not intended to represent the only forms that may be developed or utilized. The description sets forth the various structures and/or functions in connection with the illustrated embodiments; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.

[028] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.

[029] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “include(s)”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, system or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or system or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus preceded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or apparatus.

[030] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[031] The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.

[032] Referring to attached drawings, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below, “front”, “rear”, “right”, “left”, “upper” and “lower” denote each position of a vehicle viewed from a rider. The drawings shall be viewed with regard to the reference numbers.

[033] The present disclosure describes an isolation resistance measurement system that measures an isolation resistance between a chassis and a power supply unit of an electric vehicle.

[034] FIG. 1 is a structure of an isolation resistance measurement system 100 for measuring an isolation resistance between a battery system and a chassis ground in an electrical vehicle.

[035] All constituent elements that are in a current path in a battery system are insulated from a chassis ground. In this case, a resistance component between all the constituent elements that are in the current path in the battery system and the chassis ground is referred to as isolation resistance. In the present disclosure, the isolation resistance formed between each of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a battery and a chassis ground is assumed and described.

[036] The electric vehicle is implemented as a vehicle of any type. For example, the electric vehicle may be a car, truck, semi-truck, motorcycle, plane, train, moped, scooter, or other type of transportation. Further, the electric vehicle may use many types of powertrains. For example, the electric vehicle may be a plug-in electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle.

[037] The isolation resistance measurement system 100, as disclosed in the present disclosure, includes a power supply unit 102, an isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104, and a chassis 106. The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 is between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. The power supply unit 102 supplies a DC current either from a positive terminal and/or from a negative terminal to the chassis 106 through the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104.

[038] Generally, the electric vehicle includes a power supply unit 102 to store electrical energy and/or to supply electrical power to electrical components (e.g., equipment, machines, and/or devices) of the electric vehicle. For example, an electric vehicle may include a power supply unit to supply electrical power to an electric motor, a battery control unit, a vehicle control unit, radio, and/or lights. The power supply unit may be, for example, a primary battery, a secondary battery, and so forth.

[039] The chassis 106 is a vehicle frame that forms a frame of a vehicle and may mean a state in which a vehicle body is not mounted. The chassis C may be a form in which various constituent elements such as an engine, a transmission, a clutch, etc. are combined with a frame, which is a basic frame.

[040] In Fig. 1, the power supply unit 102 is connected to the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 by an electrical connection. The chassis 106 is connected to the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 through an electrical connection. The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 is connected to the chassis 106, not limited to, and may be combined with various devices of the electric vehicle. [041] The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 periodically connected to a positive terminal of the power supply unit 102 and a negative terminal of the power supply unit 102.

[042] In a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, during a first time period, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. During a second time period, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. An arrangement of the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104, by periodically connecting the power unit 102 and the chassis 106, calculates an isolation resistance between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106.

[043] As illustrated in FIG. 2, an isolation resistance measurement arrangement 200 (such as the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 of Fig. 1) for measuring an isolation resistance between a power supply unit (such as the power supply unit 102 of Fig. 1) and a chassis (such as the chassis 106 of Fig. 1). The arrangement 200 includes a multiplexer 202, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 204, a plurality of relays 206, and a resistance circuit 208. The resistance circuit 208 includes a plurality of precision resistors 210 configured to limit a voltage, via the plurality of relays 206, supplied by the power supply unit, and an isolation resistor 212. The ADC 204 is configured to sense the voltage across the plurality of precision resistors 210 via the multiplexer 202 to determine the isolation resistance.

[044] The present disclosure discloses the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 200 which enables periodic measurement of isolation resistance between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. Further, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 200 provides an accurate but portable, easy to install and cost-effective arrangement. Furthermore, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 200 reduces hardware complexity of the arrangement than the conventional isolation resistance measurement arrangement. [045] Further, the arrangement 200 includes a microcontroller unit 214 that is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an electric vehicle.

[046] The multiplexer 202 is a combinational circuit which has many data inputs and single output depending on control or select inputs. The Multiplexer 202 is also known as data selector, parallel to serial convertor, many to one circuit, and universal logic circuit.

[047] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiplexer 202 is configured to select at least one precision resistor from the plurality of the precision resistors 210, to allow the ADC to sense voltage across the selected precision resistor. In particular, an input port of the multiplexer 202 is connected to the resistance circuit 208. An output port of the multiplexer 202 is connected to the ADC 204. The multiplexer 202 selects one input from the resistance circuit 208 based on a control signal received from the microcontroller unit 214 and outputs the selected input to the ADC 204. By selecting the one input from the resistance circuit 208, the multiplexer 202 selects at least one precision resistor from the precision resistors 210. The selection of the at least one precision resistor allows the ADC 204 to sense the voltage across the selected at least one precision resistor. The multiplexer 202 in the arrangement 200 is connected with the two output ports of the resistance circuit 208 which eliminates the requirement of the two ADC (i.e. additional hardware component requirement) in the arrangement 200 to measure the voltage corresponding to the two output ports.

[048] The ADC 204 is a converter that is used to change the analog signal to digital. The ADC 204 is an integrated circuit that converts the signal directly from continuous form to discrete form. An input port of the ADC 204 is electrically connected to the output port of the multiplexer 202. An output port of the ADC 204 is connected to the microcontroller unit 214.

[049] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the ADC 204 senses a voltage across the plurality of precision resistors 210 and converts the sensed voltage to a corresponding digital signal. In particular, the ADC 204 senses the voltage of the selected precision resistor 210 based on the selection of input port of the multiplexer 202. The ADC converts the sensed voltage into a digital form. [050] The relays 206 are electrically operated switches that open and close the circuits by receiving electrical signals from outside sources. The relay may be, for example, electromechanical, solid-state, reed relay, and so forth. The relays 206 is connected to the power supply unit 102. Further, the relays 206 is also connected to the resistance circuit 208.

[051] The resistance circuit 208 includes the precision resistors 210. A precision resistor is a normal resistor with near accurate ohmic values. The precision resistor has a very low tolerance value as compared to the normal resistors. A lower value of tolerance of the resistor shows the lower deviation from resistor value and a higher value of tolerance of the resistors shows the higher deviation from the actual standard value. The precision resistors 210 are connected to the power supply unit 102 using the relays 206. Further, the resistance circuit 208 includes the isolation resistor 212 connected between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. The precision resistors 216 in the arrangement 200 limits the voltage signal received by the precision resistors 216 creates a low-cost measurement circuit for measuring the isolation resistance between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106.

[052] The microcontroller unit 214 includes a processor which executes the programs stored in the microcontroller unit 214 and controls the specific functions performed in the arrangement 200. In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the microcontroller unit 214 operates the plurality of relays 206. In particular, the microcontroller unit 214 provides a signal to the relays 206 and control switching of the relays 206 between on state and off state.

[053] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the microcontroller unit 214 controls the operation of the multiplexer 202 by providing a control signal. In particular, the microcontroller unit 214 provides a control signal to the multiplexer 202 and the control signal enables the one input port of the input ports of the multiplexer 202. The multiplexer 202 receives input from the resistance circuit 208 by using the enabled input port. [054] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the microcontroller unit 214 is connected to the ADC 204 and receives an input signal corresponding to the digital signal. The microcontroller unit 214 checks whether the isolation between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106 is present or not. Further, the microcontroller unit 214 calculates the isolation resistance between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106 based on the received digital signal.

[055] FIG. 3 illustrates a detailed schematic view of an isolation resistance measurement arrangement 300 (such as the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 of Fig. 1) for measuring isolation resistance between a power supply unit (such as the power supply unit 102 of Fig. 1) and a chassis (such as the chassis 106 of Fig. 1). The arrangement 300 includes a multiplexer 302, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, 304), a plurality of relays 306, and a resistance circuit 308. The resistance circuit 308 includes a plurality of precision resistors 310 and an isolation resistor 312. Further, the arrangement 300 includes a microcontroller unit 314.

[056] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of relays 306 comprises a first relay 306-a connected to a positive terminal of the power supply unit 102, and a second relay 306-b connected to negative terminal of the power supply unit 102. In particular, the plurality of relays 306 includes a first relay 306-a and a second relay 306-b. The plurality of precision resistors 310 includes a first precision resistor Ri, a second precision resistor R2, a third precision resistor R3, a fourth precision resistor R4. Each of the value of the first precision resistor Ri and the third precision resistor R3 is between 0.5k to 1.5k ohm. Each of the value of the second precision resistor R2 and the fourth precision resistor R4 is between 50k to 150k ohm.

[057] One end of the first relay 306-a is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply unit 102. Another end of the first relay 306-a is connected to the one end of first precision resistor Ri. Another end of the first precision resistor Ri is connected in series to one end of the second precision resistor R2. Another end of the second precision resistor R2is connected to the chassis ground. [058] One end of the second relay 306-b is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply unit 102. Another end of the second relay 306-b is connected to the one end of the fourth precision resistor R4. Another end of the fourth precision resistor R4 is connected in series to one end of the third precision resistor R3. Another end of the third precision resistor R3 is connected to the chassis ground.

[059] An isolation resistor 312 between the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106 is categorized into a first isolation resistor R _a and a second isolation resistor Rb. The first isolation resistor R _a is between the positive terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. The second isolation resistor Rb is between the negative terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106.

[060] The microcontroller unit 314 periodically controls switching of the first relay 306- a and the second relay 306-b. The microcontroller unit 314 controls the multiplexer 302 by providing the selection signal to the multiplexer 302. The multiplexer 302 based on the selection signal measures the voltage associated with the second precision resistor R2 and the voltage associated with the third precision resistor R3.

[061] In a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the microcontroller unit 314 transmits a first control signal to the first relay 306-a and a second relay 306-b at the starting of a first time period. The first control signal instructs the first relay 306-a to change the state from an off state to an on state. Further, the first control signal instructs the second relay 306-b to change the state from an on state to an off state. During the transmission of the first control signal, the microcontroller unit 314 transmits a first selection signal to the multiplexer 302. The multiplexer after receiving the first selection signal measures a first voltage signal between the node N1 and the chassis ground. The multiplexer 302 transmits the first voltage signal to the ADC 304. The ADC 304 converts the first voltage signal into a first digital signal and transmits the first digital signal corresponding to the first voltage signal to the microcontroller unit 314. The microcontroller unit 314 compares the first digital signal with a specific range of the voltage. The specific range of the voltage is stored in the microcontroller unit 314. If the first digital signal is within the specific range of the voltage, then the isolation between the battery positive terminal and the chassis is present. If the first digital signal is outside the specific range of the voltage, then the isolation between the battery positive terminal and the chassis is not present. The microcontroller unit 314 disconnects the power supply unit 102 when the first digital signal is outside the specific range. This disconnection enables the power supply unit 102 to stop supplying power to the elements of the electric vehicle. The microcontroller unit 314 provides the electric protection to the electric vehicle by disconnecting the power supply unit 102. Further, the disconnection of the power supply unit 102 protects the person from the fatal electric shock.

[062] Further, the microcontroller unit 314 transmits, after a predefined time period, a second control signal to the first relay 306-a and the second relay 306-b. The predefined time period is a period between the starting of a second time period and ending of the first time period. The predefined time period is less than 30ms. The second control signal instructs the first relay 306-a to change the state from an on state to an off state. Further, the second control signal instructs the second relay 306-b to change the state from an off state to an on state. During the transmission of the second control signal, the microcontroller unit 314 transmits a second selection signal to the multiplexer 302. The multiplexer 302, after receiving the second selection signal, measures a second voltage signal between the node N2 and the chassis ground. The multiplexer 302 transmits the second voltage signal to the ADC 304. The ADC 304 converts the second voltage signal into a second digital signal and transmits the second digital signal corresponding to the second voltage signal to the microcontroller unit 314. The microcontroller unit 314 compares the second digital signal with a specific range of the voltage. If the second digital signal is outside the specific range of the voltage, then the isolation between the battery negative terminal and the chassis is not present. If the second digital signal is within the specific range of the voltage, then the isolation between the battery negative terminal and the chassis is present. The microcontroller unit 314 disconnects the power supply unit 102 when the second digital signal is outside the specific range. The microcontroller unit 314 provides the electric protection to the electric vehicle by disconnecting the power supply unit 102. Further, the disconnection of the power supply unit 102 protects the person from the fatal electric shock. [063] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, the microcontroller unit 314 operates the first relay 306-a to measure the isolation resistor between the positive terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106. Further, the microcontroller unit 314 operates the second relay 306-b to measure the isolation resistor between the negative terminal of the power supply unit 102 and the chassis 106.

[064] The microcontroller unit 314 periodically switches the first relay 306-a and the second relay 306-b between the on state and off state in order to periodically identify the voltage between the battery terminals and the chassis. The microcontroller unit 314 calculates the first isolation resistor R _a and the second isolation resistor Rb based on the voltage between the battery terminals and the chassis.

[065] In particular, the microcontroller unit 314 receives the first digital signal by transmitting the first control signal and receives the second digital signal by transmitting the second control signal. The First digital signal can be either a voltage value Vi(that is within the first range of the voltage) or a second voltage value V2 (that is outside the first range of the voltage). The second voltage value V2 is zero because of the non-isolation state between the battery positive terminal and the chassis. The second digital signal can be either a third voltage value V3(that is within the range of the voltage) or a fourth voltage value V4 (that is outside the range of the voltage). The fourth voltage value V4 is zero because of the non-isolation state between the battery positive terminal and the chassis.

[066] Microcontroller unit 314 determines the first isolation resistor R _a and the second isolation resistor Rb in different situations. These situations are a combination of the first digital signal value and the second digital value.

[067] In the first situation, the first digital signal is V 1 and the second digital signal is zero. The isolation resistor Rb is infinite, and the isolation resistor R _a is calculated based on the first digital value Vi.

[068] In the second situation, the first digital signal is zero and the second digital signal is V2. The isolation resistor R _a is infinite and the isolation resistor Rb is calculated based on the first digital value Vi. [069] In the third situation, the first digital signal is Vi and the second digital signal is V2. The isolation resistor R _a and the isolation resistor Rb are calculated based on the first digital value Vi and the second digital value V2.

[070] In the fourth situation, the first digital signal is V i and the second digital signal is V2. The isolation resistor R _a and the isolation resistor Rb are infinite.

[071] In each of the situations, the microcontroller unit 314 determines the isolation resistor R _a and the isolation resistor Rb. When the first digital signal value is a numerical value and the value of the isolation resistor R _a is outside the range (range of the isolation resistor is between the 40k to 80k), the microcontroller unit 314 disconnects the power supply unit 102. Further, when the second digital signal value is a numerical value and the value of the isolation resistor Rb is outside the range (range of the isolation resistor is between the 40k to 80k), the microcontroller unit 314 disconnects the power supply unit 102.

[072] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400 (such as the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 of Fig. 1) according to the second embodiment. The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400 measures isolation resistance between a chassis (such as the chassis 106 of Fig. 1) and a power supply unit (such as the power supply unit 102 of Fig. 1). The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400 includes a multiplexer 402, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, 404), a plurality of relays 406, and a resistance circuit 408. The resistance circuit 408 includes a plurality of precision resistors 410 and an isolation resistor 412. Further, the arrangement 400 includes a microcontroller unit 414 and a filter circuit 416.

[073] A difference between the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400 according to the second embodiment and the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 300 according to the first embodiment is that a filter circuit 416 is present in the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400, and the other configurations are similar to those of the arrangement 300 according to the first embodiment. [074] According to the first embodiment, the multiplexer 202 is directly connected to the ADC 204. In this scenario, the signal received by the ADC 204 by using the multiplexer 202 can be affected by the noise introduced from the chassis. To overcome this problem, the filter circuit 416 is arranged in the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400. By arranging the filter circuit 416 in the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 400, the filter circuit 416 eliminates high frequency noise present in the signal introduced by the chassis (such as the chassis 106 of Fig. 1) during a vehicle operation.

[075] The filter circuit 416 may be, not limited to, an analog filter circuit, a digital filter circuit, and so forth.

[076] In a non-limiting example of the present disclosure, the filter circuit 416 is an analog filter circuit. FIG. 4a illustrates the analog filter circuit 416 that is placed between the multiplexer 402 and the ADC 404. The analog filter receives signal from the multiplexer 402 and provides the filtered signal to the ADC 404.

[077] In an alternative example of the present embodiment, the filter circuit 416 is a digital filter circuit. Fig. 4b illustrates the digital filter circuit 416 that is placed between the ADC 404 and the microcontroller unit 414. The digital filter performs the filtering processing by receiving n number of sampled signals from the ADC 404.

[078] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 (such as the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 104 of Fig. 1) according to the third embodiment. The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 measures isolation resistance between a chassis (such as the chassis 106 of Fig. 1) and a power supply unit (such as the power supply unit 102 of Fig. 1). The isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 includes multiplexer 502, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, 504), a plurality of relays 506, and a resistance circuit 508. The resistance circuit 508 includes a plurality of precision resistors 510 and an isolation resistor 512. Further, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 includes a microcontroller unit 514 and a digital isolator 516. [079] A difference between the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 according to the third embodiment and the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 300 according to the first embodiment is that a digital isolator 516 is present between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514, and the other configurations are similar to those of the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 300 according to the first embodiment.

[080] According to the first embodiment, the ADC 204 receives a power supply from the power supply unit 102 and performs all the operation functions by receiving the power supply from the power supply unit 102. In this scenario, the ADC 204 operation can be affected if the fluctuation present in the power supply unit 102. To overcome this problem, the ADC 504 in the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500, receives the power supply from an isolated power supply 518. The isolated power supply 518 supplies the power to the ADC 504 such that the ADC 504 performs all the operating functions by receiving electrical power from the isolated power supply 518. The isolated power supply 518 is isolated from the power supply unit 102. This isolation of the isolated power supply 518 enables the ADC 504 to efficiently perform all the operating functions without affecting any noise and fluctuation present in the power supply unit 102.

[081] The ADC 504 receives a power supply from the isolated power supply 518 and the microcontroller unit 514 receives a power supply from the power supply unit 102 by using a flyback converter 520.

[082] A flyback converter 520 is employed for both the purposes of AC to DC and DC to DC conversions using galvanic isolation in between the input and the output. This device is termed a buck-boost converter having the inductor divided into the transformer and because of this, the voltage proportions are multiplied with the added benefit of isolation. The flyback converter 520 is connected to the power supply unit 102.

[083] By using the different power supply for the ADC 504 and microcontroller unit 518, the microcontroller unit 518 does not perform its functions (i.e. failure of microcontroller unit 518) because of high voltage is provided to the microcontroller when the ADC 504 provides a measurement data directly (i.e. by electrical connection) to the microcontroller unit 514.

[084] To provide high voltage protection for microcontroller unit 514, the isolation resistance measurement arrangement 500 includes the digital isolator 516 between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514. The digital isolator 516 provides Inter- Integrated Circuit communication between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514. In particular, the digital isolator 516 is an integrated device used to perform electrical separation between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514, and to perform digital communication between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514.

[085] The digital isolator 516 receives the power supply from the flyback converter 520. The flyback converter 520 that is connected to the power supply unit 102 supplies the power to the digital isolator 516. By receiving the power from the flyback converter 520, the digital isolator performs all the operating functions by maintaining the isolation between the ADC 504 and the microcontroller unit 514.

[086] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[087] The present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail.

[088] Referring to attached drawings, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below, “front”, “rear”, “right”, “left”, “upper” and “lower” denote each position of a vehicle viewed from a rider. The drawings shall be viewed with regard to the reference numbers.

[089] The illustrated steps are set out to explain the exemplary embodiments shown, and it should be anticipated that ongoing technological development will change the manner in which particular functions are performed. These examples are presented herein for purposes of illustration, and not limitation. Further, the boundaries of the functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternative boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.

[090] Modifications to embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.

[091] Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.