CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS:

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/826,492, filed May 23, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth in detail herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to isolators and in particular isolators that are used between the engine crankshaft and endless drive member in vehicles in which the engine can be started or assisted by the endless drive member (e.g. an engine equipped with a belt-alternator start (BAS) drive system).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Isolators are usually used for isolating crankshaft pulley from torsion vibration at the crankshaft that is a result of vibration in torque that occurs in internal combustion engines and in particular those with certain cylinder counts such as four- or- three cylinder engines, and diesel engines, and they are also used in extreme conditions, such as during the engine startup and accelerations or decelerations of the engine crankshaft relative to the pulley. In addition isolators can operate in an "engine- driven" mode with the engine crankshaft is driven by the belt.

SUMMARY

[0004] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an improved isolator for isolating of the torque vibration between crankshaft and an endless drive member in vehicles in which the engine can be started or assisted by the endless drive member. This isolator comprises a double acting spring system. The spring system is mounted in the spring tray, built from low friction material, and fixed to a pulley. The pulley has a bearing and is mounted on the hub and is thus centered on the crankshaft. The spring tray has two travel stops that are located in the diametrical opposite sides. The double acting spring system includes two arc compression springs that are located between two stops of the spring tray without preload. The ends of the springs are fixed on the pins mounted on the plastic guides. They have ability to move and compress the arc springs using symmetrical arms of the pivotable driver. The pivotable driver is coaxially fixed to the crankshaft. In spring balancing position the symmetrical arms of the driver remain balanced between the guides and the travel stops. The section width of the arms of the pivotable driver is greater than the corresponding width of the travel stops, which allows the driver passing through a neutral position without impact of the guides on the travel stops and changing of the springs compression direction.

[0005] In another aspect, an isolator is provided, comprising a spring, a shaft adapter and a pulley. The spring has a first spring end and a second spring end. The shaft adapter is mountable to a crankshaft for rotation about an axis. The shaft adapter has a first adapter drive surface that is engageable with the first spring end and a second adapter drive surface that is angularly spaced from the first adapter drive surface by an adapter drive surface spacing and that is engageable with the second spring end. The pulley is engageable with an endless drive member and is rotatable relative to the shaft adapter. The pulley has a first pulley drive surface that is engageable with the first spring end and a second pulley drive surface that is angularly spaced from the first pulley drive surface by a pulley drive surface spacing and that is engageable with the second spring end. Torque is transferrable from the shaft adapter to the spring through the first spring end, and from the spring to the pulley through the second spring end. Torque is transferrable from the pulley to the spring through the first spring end, and from the spring to the shaft adapter through the second spring end. One of the adapter and pulley drive surface spacings is larger than the other of the adapter and pulley drive surface spacings. When transitioning from torque transfer from the shaft adapter to the pulley to torque transfer from the pulley to the shaft adapter, the second adapter drive surface engages the second spring end at a different time than the first adapter drive surface disengages from the first spring end, and the second pulley drive surface disengages from the second spring end at a different time than the first pulley drive surface engages the first spring end. Wherein when transitioning from torque transfer from the pulley to the shaft adapter to torque transfer from the shaft adapter to the pulley the first adapter drive surface engages the first spring end at a different time than the second adapter drive surface disengages from the second spring end, and the first pulley drive surface disengages from the first spring end at a different time than the second pulley drive surface engages the second spring end.

[0006] In another aspect, an isolator is provided, comprising a spring, a shaft adapter and a pulley. The spring has a first spring end and a second spring end. The shaft adapter is mountable to a crankshaft for rotation about an axis, wherein the shaft adapter has a first adapter drive surface that is engageable with the first spring end and a second adapter drive surface that is angularly spaced from the first adapter drive surface and that is engageable with the second spring end. The pulley is engageable with an endless drive member and that is rotatable relative to the shaft adapter. The pulley has a first pulley drive surface that is engageable with the first spring end and a second pulley drive surface that is angularly spaced from the first pulley drive surface and that is engageable with the second spring end. Torque is transferrable from the shaft adapter to the spring through the first spring end, and from the spring to the pulley through the second spring end. Torque is transferrable from the pulley to the spring through the first spring end, and from the spring to the shaft adapter through the second spring end. When the isolator is at rest, the adapter and pulley drive surfaces are configured have positions relative to one another that are selected based on a moment of inertia of the pulley and a moment of inertia of the shaft adapter, based on a maximum torque to be transferred therebetween, and based on a material of the adapter drive surfaces and a material of the pulley drive surfaces, such that when transitioning from torque transfer from the shaft adapter to the pulley to torque transfer from the pulley to the shaft adapter, the second adapter drive surface engages the second spring end with a first kinetic energy and at a different time than the first adapter drive surface disengages from the first spring end, and the second pulley drive surface disengages from the second spring end with a second kinetic energy and at a different time than the first pulley drive surface engages the first spring end, and such that when transitioning from torque transfer from the pulley to the shaft adapter to torque transfer from the shaft adapter to the pulley the first adapter drive surface engages the first spring end with a third kinetic energy and at a different time than the second adapter drive surface disengages from the second spring end, and the first pulley drive surface disengages from the first spring end with a fourth kinetic energy and at a different time than the second pulley drive surface engages the second spring end. The first, second, third and fourth kinetic energies are less than a selected value.

[0007] Other features and advantages will be apparent by following the description with references to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION ON THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 is an elevation view of an engine with a crankshaft, a driven belt and an isolator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 1a is a perspective right-side view of the isolator shown in Figure 1 with a double acting spring system with two springs.

[0010] Figure 2 is a perspective of longitudinal cross-section view of isolator in the springs balancing position.

[0011] Figure 3 is a perspective of longitudinal cross-section view of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0012] Figure 4 is a front view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the pivotable driver and left spring.

[0013] Figure 5 is a perspective right-side view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the driver and left spring.

[0014] Figure 6 is a detail perspective right-side view of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0015] Figure 7a is a perspective left-side view of isolator with double acting spring system with the pivotable driver in the position when the engine is started. [0016] FIGS.7b and 7c are elevation side views of the isolator shown in Figure 1 during transition in torque transfer.

[0017] Figure 7d is a perspective left-side view of isolator with double acting spring system with the pivotable driver in the position when the engine crankshaft is driven by the belt.

[0018] Figure 8 is an edge view of a portion of the isolator to show elements that engage the springs of the spring system.

[0019] Figure 9 is a perspective left-side view of the pulley with spring tray of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0020] Figure 10 is a perspective left-side view of the pulley with spring tray and the support ring of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0021] Figure 11 is an exploded view of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0022] Figure 12 is a perspective right -side view of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 13 is a perspective of longitudinal cross-section view of isolator with double acting spring system in the springs balancing position, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0024] Figure 14 is a perspective of longitudinal cross-section view of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0025] Figure 15 is a front view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the driver, cover ring, and left spring, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0026] Figure 16 is a perspective right-side view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the driver, cover ring and left spring, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0027] Figure 17 is a detail perspective right-side view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the left spring and cover ring, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0028] Figure 18 is a detail perspective right-side view of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention. [0029] Figure 19 is a perspective left-side view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the cover ring in the position of the pivotable driver, when the engine is started, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0030] Figure 20 is a perspective left-side view of isolator with double acting spring system excluding the cover ring in the position of the pivotable driver, when the engine crankshaft is driven by the belt, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0031] Figure 21 is a perspective left-side view of the pulley and spring tray of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0032] Figure 22 is a perspective left-side view of the pulley with spring tray and the support ring of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0033] Figure 23 is an exploded view of isolator with double acting spring system, as a variant of embodiment of the invention.

[0034] Figure 24 is rotary speed profile of isolator with double acting spring system.

[0035] Figure 25 is a front view of double acting spring system in the neutral balanced position, as a reference to the double acting functionality.

[0036] Figure 26 is a front view of double acting spring system in the balanced position excluding the pivotable driver, as a reference to the double acting functionality.

[0037] Figure 27 is a front view of double acting spring system in the position when the pivotable driver is transferred a load an arrow direction, as a reference to the double acting functionality.

[0038] Figure 28 is a front view of double acting spring system in the position when the pivotable driver transfers a load in the arrow direction opposite to Figure 27, as a reference to the double acting functionality.

[0039] Figure 29 is a perspective view of the support ring, as a variant with friction inserts.

[0040] Figure 30 is a perspective view of the pulley, as a variant where the travel stops of the spring support with friction inserts.

[0041] Figure 31 is a perspective view of the guide, as a variant with the damping material insert. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Reference is made to Figure 1 , which shows an isolator 1 for transferring power between a crankshaft 50 on an engine 51 and an endless drive member 52, such as an accessory drive belt, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The isolator 1 isolates the endless drive member 52 from vibrations or other sudden changes in torque in the crankshaft 50, and vice versa.

[0043] The isolator 1 is useful in any engine, but is particularly useful in an engine that incorporates a BAS (belt-alternator start) system, in which the engine 51 is initially started normally (e.g. using a starter motor) but is shut down for brief periods (e.g. while the vehicle is at a stoplight) and then restarted by driving the crankshaft via the belt 52. The belt 52 would be driven by a separate motor (e.g. an electric motor) that is engaged with the belt 52 via a pulley, or by using an MGU (shown at 53) that would replace the alternator. Such systems are becoming increasingly common in an effort to increase fuel economy of vehicles and reduce emissions.

[0044] As seen in Figure 1a, the isolator 1 includes a pulley 2, a shaft adapter 54 and two springs 5. The two springs 5 are shown individually at 5a and 5b. Each spring 5 has a first end 40 and a second end 42. The springs 5 elastically deform to isolate the endless drive member 52 and the crankshaft 50 from vibrations or other sudden changes in torque in one another. The springs 5 in the examples shown are arcuate, helical coil compression springs. However, any other suitable type of springs could be used, such as, for example, arcuate closed cell foam springs.

[0045] Referring to Figures 2, 3 and , the shaft adapter 54 is fixedly mountable in any suitable way to the crankshaft 50 for rotation about an axis A. For example, the crankshaft 50 may include a crankshaft end 13 that mounts to the rest of the crankshaft 50 via of a threaded fastener 20 such as a spline socket head cap screw. The shaft adapter 54 may include a hub 9 that abuts a shoulder on the crankshaft end 13 in surrounding relationship to an axial projection 55 so as to align the hub 9 about the axis A, and a driver 8 that abuts an axial end face of the hub 9. A plurality of splined socket head cap screws (in this example, there are four) 17 pass through apertures 44 in the driver 8, and apertures 46 in the hub 9, and pass into aperture 48 in the crankshaft end 13 to hold the driver 8 and the hub 9 to the crankshaft 50. A dowel pin 56 is pressed through an aperture 58 in the driver and into a corresponding aperture 60 (Figure 11) in the hub 9 to cause alignment of the driver 8 with the axis A.

[0046] Referring to Figure 4, the driver 8 has a central body 62, a first arm 12a and a second arm 12b. The driver 8 has a first adapter drive surface 64 on one side of the first arm 12a, which is engageable with the first spring end 40 of the first spring 5a and a second adapter drive surface 66 on one side of the second arm 12b, which is angularly spaced from the first adapter drive surface 64 by an adapter drive surface spacing S1 , and which is engageable with the second spring end 42 of the first spring 5a. The driver 8 has another first adapter drive surface 68 on another side of the second arm 12b, which is engageable with the first spring end 40 of the second spring 5b and a second adapter drive surface 70 on another side of the first arm 12a, which is angularly spaced from the first adapter drive surface 68 (also by the spacing S1) and which is engageable with the second spring end 42 of the second spring 5b.

[0047] In the embodiment shown, the driver 8 is generally planar but for a raised center portion 72 that is thicker than the remaining portion so as to impart strength and resistance to elongation of the apertures 44 and 58.

[0048] The driver 8 may be made from any suitable material such as a suitable steel.

[0049] The pulley 2 is engageable with the endless drive member 52 and is rotatably mounted to the shaft adapter 54 so that the pulley 2 is rotatable relative to the shaft adapter 54. The rotatable mounting of the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 may be by any suitable means. For example, the pulley 2 may be mounted to one or more bearings 10 (in this example there are two bearings 10) which are themselves mounted to the outer surface of the hub 9.

[0050] The pulley 2 has an inner pulley portion 74 that is rotatably mounted to the shaft adapter 54 via the bearings 10, an outer pulley portion 76 that is engageable with the endless drive member 52, and a web 78 that connects the inner and outer portions 74 and 76. The web 78 and the outer portion 76, (and, in this example, the inner portion 74) together in part define a spring chamber 80 in which each spring 5 is held. In the example shown there are two spring chambers 80, each one holding one of the springs 5. The pulley 2 may be made from steel or some other suitable material.

[0051] A spring engagement lining 3 is provided on at least the surfaces of the web 78 and outer portion 76 that define the spring chamber 80 and is configured to support the springs 5 and to permit sliding of the springs 5 thereon with relatively little friction. The spring engagement lining 3 may be polymeric and may, for example, be made from nylon impregnated with PTFE, or from some other suitable material. In embodiments wherein the spring engagement lining 3 is a coating on the associated surfaces of the web 78 and outer portion 76, it may alternatively be referred to as a spring engagement coating. In embodiments wherein the spring engagement lining 3 is a separate element that is self-supporting and that is pressed into place into the outer portion 76, it may alternatively be referred to as a spring tray. In either case, the web 78 and the outer portion 76 may be considered structural portions of the pulley 2, while the lining 3 may be provided so as to provide a selected amount of friction during sliding movement with the springs 5.

[0052] With reference to Figure 4, the pulley 2 has a first pulley drive surface 82 that is engageable with the first spring end 40 of the first spring 5a, and a second pulley drive surface 84 that is angularly spaced from the first pulley drive surface 82 by a pulley drive surface spacing S2, and that is engageable with the second spring end 42 of the first spring 5a. The pulley 2 has another first pulley drive surface 86 that is engageable with the first spring end 40 of the second spring 5b, and a second pulley drive surface 88 that is angularly spaced from the first pulley drive surface 86 (also by the spacing S2), and that is engageable with the second spring end 42 of the second spring 5b.

[0053] A first end member 6a is provided at the first end 40 of each spring 5. The first end member 6a is engaged with the first spring end 40. A second end member 6b is provided at the second end 42 of each spring 5. The second end member 6b is engaged with the second spring end 42. Each spring 5 has an opening 90 at each of the first and second ends 40 and 42. The first and second end members 6a and 6b each have a coil retaining projection 7 thereon which is snugly captured in the opening 90 so as to hold the first and second spring ends 40 and 42. [0054] The first pulley drive surface 82 and first adapter drive surface 64 are proximate each other axially, as can be seen in Figure 8, and are both engageable with the first spring end 40 on the first spring 5a through the first end member 6a. Similarly, the first pulley drive surface 86 and first adapter drive surface 68 are proximate each other axially and are both engageable with the first spring end 40 on the second spring 5b through the other first end member 6a (as shown in Figures 7a and 7d respectively). With continued reference to Figures 7a and 7d, the second pulley drive surface 84 and second adapter drive surface 66 are both engageable with the second spring end 42 of the first spring 5a through the second end member 42. As shown in Figure 8, the second pulley drive surface 88 and second adapter drive surface 70 are both engageable with the second spring end 42 of the second spring 5b through the other second end member 42.

[0055] The end members 6a and 6b are constrained to move along a circumferential path about the axis A. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figures 1a-1 1 the end members 6a and 6b are constrained axially by a flange 16 on a support ring 4, which may also be referred to as a bushing 4. The flange 16 is received in a groove 15 in each of the end members 6a and 6b, and the end members 6a and 6b are constrained radially by the outer portion 76 of the pulley 2 (specifically the portion of the lining 3 that is on the outer portion 76) and by the outer surface of the bushing 4.

[0056] Figure 7a shows torque transfer (see arrows 91) from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2, as would occur during normal operation of the engine 51. This torque transfer drives the belt 52 (Figure 1) which in turn drives one or more accessories such as the MGU 53. As can be seen, torque is transferrable from the shaft adapter 54 to the springs 5 through the first spring ends 40, and from the springs 5 to the pulley 2 through the second spring ends 42. Figure 7d shows torque transfer from (see arrows 92) the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54, as would occur during a BAS start event (i.e. when the MGU 53 (Figure 1) is used to drive the belt 52, in order to start the engine by transferring torque from the belt 52 to the crankshaft). As can be seen, torque is transferrable from the pulley 2 to the springs 5 through the first spring ends 40, and from the springs 5 to the shaft adapter 54 through the second spring ends 42. [0057] As can be seen in Figure 4, one of the adapter and pulley drive surface spacings S1 and S2 is larger than the other of the adapter and pulley drive surface spacings S1 and S2. In the example embodiment shown in Figure 1a-1 1 , the spacing S2 is larger than the spacing S1. However, it is alternatively possible for the spacing S1 between the adapter drive surfaces 64 and 66 (and between surfaces 68 and 70) to be larger than the spacing S2 between the pulley drive surfaces 82 and 84 (and between surfaces 86 and 88).

[0058] As a result of having one spacing S1 or S2 be larger than the other, when transitioning from torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 to torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54, the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 engage the second spring ends 42 (via the end members 6b) at a different time than the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 disengage from the first spring ends 40, and the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 disengage from the second spring ends 42 at a different time than the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 engage the first spring ends 40 (via the end members 6a). Analogously, when transitioning from torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 to torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 engage the first spring ends 40 at a different time than the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 disengage from the second spring ends 42, and the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 disengage from the first spring ends 40 at a different time than the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 engage the second spring ends 42.

[0059] The transition from torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 to torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 is illustrated in the progression of figures from Figure 7a to Figure 7d. As shown in Figure 7a, when torque is being transferred from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2, the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 are engaged with the first spring ends 40 through the first end members 6a, and the second spring ends 42 are engaged with the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 via the second end members 6b. In the example shown, the shaft adapter 54 and the pulley 2 rotate clockwise, however, in other examples, it will be understood that they could rotate counterclockwise. As the torque transferred from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 decreases, the restoring force in the springs 5 drives the pulley 2 clockwise relative to the shaft adapter 54. Figure 7b illustrates the moment when the springs 5 have driven the pulley 2 sufficiently clockwise that the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 have engaged the second spring ends 5b via the second end members 6b, and the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 are just about to disengage from the second end members 6b and therefore from the second spring ends 5b. Figure 7b illustrates the moment that the torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 drops to zero. If the torque on the pulley 2 is greater than the torque on the shaft adapter 54, the pulley 2 will proceed to overrun the shaft adapter 54. Shortly thereafter, the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 will engage the first spring ends 40 via the first end members 6a. Figure 7c shows the moment when the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 engage the first end members 6a (and therefore the first spring ends 40) and when the relative movement of the pulley 2 with respect to the shaft adapter 54 is about to cause disengagement of the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 from the first end members 6a (and therefore from the first spring ends 40). Figure 7d illustrates the state, as noted above, where torque is transferred from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54.

[0060] The transition from torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 to torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 is illustrated in the progression of figures from Figure 7d to Figure 7a. Figure 7c shows the moment when the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 engage the first end members 6a (and therefore the first spring ends 40) and when the relative movement of the shaft adapter 54 with respect to the pulley 2 is about to cause disengagement of the first pulley drive surfaces 64 and 68 from the first end members 6a (and therefore from the first spring ends 40). Shortly thereafter, continued relative movement of the shaft adapter 54 compared to the pulley 2, will cause the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 to engage the second spring ends 42 via the first end members 6b. Figure 7b shows the moment that the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 to engage the second spring ends 42 via the first end members 6b and are about to cause disengagement of the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 from the second end members 6b and therefore from the second spring ends 42. Figure 7a illustrates the state, as noted above, where torque is transferred from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2. [0061] It can be seen from Figures 7b and 7c that there is a small amount of lost motion provided between the pulley drive surfaces and the adapter drive surfaces. This lost motion is provided because of the spacing difference between the spacings S1 and S2. This lost motion is generally small and would, under many circumstances, not be sufficient to prevent torque transfer from taking place between the shaft adapter 54 and pulley 2 during startup of a typical engine. By contrast, the spacing difference between spacings S1 and S2 is not selected to prevent torque transfer during engine startup; it is instead selected to keep the kinetic energies of impacts during engagement of the various drive surfaces with the spring ends below a selected level so that the noise associated with these impacts is less than a selected threshold level. The selected threshold level may differ for different applications. For example, when configuring the isolator 1 on a luxury car, a relatively low threshold may be used, and when configuring the isolator 1 on a luxury car, a relatively higher threshold may be used. However, in each case, the size of the spacing difference used is based on keeping the kinetic energies of the aforementioned impacts is below a selected threshold. There are four impacts that take place, each having an associated kinetic energy. A first kinetic energy is associated with the impact during engagement between the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 and the second spring ends 42 (via the end members 6b). A second kinetic energy is associated with the impact during engagement between the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 and the first spring ends 40 (via the end members 6a). A third kinetic energy is associated with the impact during engagement between the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 and the first spring ends 40 (via the end members 6a). A fourth kinetic energy is associated with the impact during engagement between the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 and the second spring ends 42 (via the end members 6b).

[0062] In order to keep the kinetic energies of the impacts sufficiently low, the spacing difference is selected, based on one or more of several parameters (and preferably all of these parameters). The parameters include the moment of inertia of the pulley, the moment of inertia of the shaft adapter, the maximum amount of torque that the isolator 1 will be designed to transfer, the materials that make up the adapter drive surfaces 64, 66, 68 and 70 and the materials that make up the pulley drive surfaces 82, 84, 86 and 88. In particular, the spacing difference may be reduced as the moment of inertia of either the pulley 2 or the shaft adapter 54 increases. The spacing difference may be reduced as the maximum torque to be transferred increases. The spacing difference may be reduced as the hardness of the materials of the pulley and adapter drive surfaces increases. By reducing the spacing difference, the amount of energy buildup that takes place between the first impact and the second impact that occur during a transition in torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 to torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54, or during a transition in torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 to torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2.

[0063] In general, throughout this disclosure, the term 'impact' refers to when engagement occurs between one of the pulley or adapter drive surfaces and an associated surface of the end members 6.

[0064] Put another way, when the isolator 1 is at rest, the adapter and pulley drive surfaces are configured have positions relative to one another that are selected based on a moment of inertia of the pulley 2 and a moment of inertia of the shaft adapter 54, based on a maximum torque to be transferred therebetween, and based on a material of the adapter drive surfaces 64, 66, 68 and 70 and a material of the pulley drive surfaces 82, 84, 86, and 88, such that when transitioning from torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 to torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54, the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 engage the second spring ends 42 with a first kinetic energy and at a different time than the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 disengage from the first spring ends 40, and the second pulley drive surfaces 66 and 70 disengage from the second spring ends 42 with a second kinetic energy and at a different time than the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 engage the first spring ends 40, and such that when transitioning from torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 to torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 engage the first spring ends 40 with a third kinetic energy and at a different time than the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 disengage from the second spring ends 42, and the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 disengage from the first spring ends 40 with a fourth kinetic energy and at a different time than the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 engage the second spring ends 42.

[0065] In many instances, it has been found that the spacing difference that was found to be acceptable is less than about 5 degrees. In many instances, it has been found that the spacing difference that was found to be acceptable is more than about 0.5 degrees.

[0066] It will be noted that the arrangement shown in Figures 1a-1 1 is particularly suited for use on a European engine. In Europe, it is typical to provide a relatively larger crankshaft end 13 and to use four fasteners 17 to mount the shaft adapter 54 to it. A variant of the isolator 1 is shown in Figures 12-23 that is particularly suited for use on a North American engine, which typically employs a relatively smaller crankshaft end 24 and a single centrally located fastener 23 and washer 19 (Figure 23). A key 25 engages a slot in the crankshaft end 24 and corresponding slots in the hub 9, the driver 8, and a cap shown at 21. Some other differences between the isolator 1 shown in Figures 1a-11 and the isolator 1 shown in Figures 12-23 are described below.

[0067] As can be seen in Figure 23 and the sectional views shown in Figures 13 and 14, the driver 8 has a different construction than the driver 8 shown in Figures 1a- 1. The driver 8 in Figures 12-23 is made from a material having a uniform thickness. The driver 8 in Figures 12-23 further includes skirts 102 that extend axially out of the plane of the remainder of the driver 8. These skirts 102 impart some rigidity to the driver 8. As can be seen in Figures 20-23 there is a circumferential gap G between each pair of mutually facing ends of the skirts 102. Thus there are two gaps G in the embodiment shown in Figures 12-23. This circumferential gap G is filled with a projection 04 on a support ring 18 (which also may be referred to as a bushing 18). The bushing 18 shown in Figures 12-23 has two projections 104 to fill the two gaps G. The outer surface of the projections 104 and the outer surface of the skirts 102 combine to form a radial constraining and slide surface 106 for the end members 6a and 6b. As can be seen in Figures 19 and 20 in particular, the end members 6a and 6b slide along surface 106 during operation of the isolator 1.

[0068] It will be noted that the surface 106 does not include a flange that engages a groove in the end members 6. Instead, a cover member 22 is provided that forms part of the pulley 2 and partially encloses the spring chamber 80 that is defined in part by the web 78 and the outer portion 76. The end members 6 are constrained axially by the cover member 22 and by the web 78, and radially by the bushing (and optionally, as shown, by the outer surface of the skirts 102), and by the outer portion of the pulley, so as to permit travel along a circumferential path. The constraining of the end members 6 can be seen in Figure 18.

[0069] Figures 19 and 20 illustrate torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2 and from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54 respectively. The transition between these two torque transfers is unchanged as compared to Figures 7a-7d. Additionally, the spacings S1 and S2 and the spacing differences are the same for the isolator 1 shown in Figures 12-23 as they are for the isolator 1 shown in Figures 1a-1 1. Figure 15 shows the spacings S1 and S2.

[0070] Figures 16 and 17 show that the adapter drive surfaces 64, 66, 68 and 70 are axially adjacent the pulley drive surfaces that are on the projections 1 1.

[0071] Figures 21 and 22 show the relationship between the projections 104 on the bushing 18 and the projections 1 1 that hold the pulley drive surfaces 82, 84, 86 and 88.

[0072] Due to the smaller size of the crankshaft end 24, a single larger bearing 0 may be used between the pulley 2 and the hub 9 in the embodiment shown in Figures 12-23 instead of the two smaller bearings 10 shown in Figure 1 1.

[0073] Referring to Figure 24, a graph is provided which shows the amplitudes of oscillation of the shaft adapter 54 (curve 200) and the corresponding amplitudes of oscillation of the pulley 2 (curve 202), while running a test engine at different speeds. As can be seen, there is a significant reduction in the amplitudes of oscillation at the pulley 2 as compared to the shaft adapter 54. Figure 24 is illustrative of the performance of the isolator 1 in both Figures 1a-1 1 and 12-23.

[0074] Figures 25-28 illustrate yet another variant of the isolator 1 , but with a single spring 5 instead of two springs 5a and 5b as shown in Figures 1-23. In this embodiment, there is a only one first adapter drive surface (surface 64), one second adapter drive surface (surface 66) spaced from the surface 64 by spacing S1 , one first pulley drive surface (surface 82) and one second pulley drive surface (surface 84), spaced from the surface 82 by spacing S2. The connection to the crankshaft is not shown (no fasteners are illustrated). Any suitable connection may be provided.

[0075] Figure 25 shows the isolator 1 with the driver 8 thereon and with spacing S1. Figure 26 shows the isolator 1 with the driver 8 removed so as to show the pulley drive surfaces and the spacing S2. Figure 27 shows torque transfer from the shaft adapter 54 to the pulley 2. Figure 28 shows torque transfer from the pulley 2 to the shaft adapter 54. The spacings S1 and S2 may have the same relationships as the spacings S1 and S2 in Figures 1a-11 and in Figures 12-23.

[0076] Figures 29 and 30 illustrate friction members 31 and 32 that could be used to provide damping of the movement of the pulley 2 relative to the shaft adapter 54, particularly during movement that is proximate the rest positions of the pulley 2 and shaft adapter 54 (e.g. as shown in Figures 4 and 15). The amount of damping provided would depend on the coefficient of friction between the friction members 31 and the associated surfaces of the projections 11 and on the force therebetween, or on the coefficient of friction between the friction members 32 and the associated surfaces of the arms 12 of the driver 8, and on the force therebetween. In the embodiment shown in Figure 29, the friction member 31 is fixedly connected to the shaft adapter 54 (by virtue of being on the projections 102 which engage the gaps G between the skirts 102 of the driver 8), and is frictionally engageable with the pulley 2. In the embodiment shown in Figure 30, the friction member 31 is fixedly connected to the pulley 2 (by virtue of being on the projections 11), and is frictionally engageable with the shaft adapter 54.

[0077] Figure 31 shows another optional element, which is a bumper shown at 33 that would be mounted in each of the end members 6. A first bumper 33 on the first end members 6a would be engaged with the first adapter drive surfaces 64 and 68 during torque transfer therewith, and would be engaged with the first pulley drive surfaces 82 and 86 during torque transfer therewith. A second bumper 33 on the second end members 6b would be engaged with the second adapter drive surfaces 66 and 70 during torque transfer therewith and that is engaged with the second pulley drive surfaces 84 and 88 during torque transfer therewith. [0078] Throughout the figures, components are sometimes removed to better show components that would otherwise be obscured. For example, in Figures 4, 5 and 6 one of the springs 5 is removed to illustrate certain components more clearly.

[0079] While the above description constitutes a plurality of embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the present invention is susceptible to further modification and change without departing from the fair meaning of the accompanying claims.