JOINERY MEMBER AND FASTENER AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PLACEMENT OF THE FASTENER

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[001] This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. Patent Application No. 10/759,575, filed January 16, 2004, and entitled "JOINERY MEMBER AND FASTENER AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PLACEMENT OF THE FASTENER," which application is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Technical Field

[002] The present invention relates, in general, to joinery members which are secured together using fasteners, such as wood screws, and more particularly, relates to pocketed joinery members and the positioning of the wood screws in the screw pockets for subsequent securement of the joinery member to a second member.

Background Art

[003] Many commercially manufactured cabinet and furniture products are formed from a plurality of wooden, composite or plastic members which are joined together by a plurality of fasteners, most usually wood screws. In many instances, the wood screws are positioned in screw pockets or mortises formed in the joinery member adjacent to an edge of the member, which edge is then secured to a second joinery member.

[004] A typical prior art cabinetry or furniture joint is shown in FIG. 1. A first joinery member 21 is shown in abutting relation to a second member 22. First and second members 21 and 22 are secured together by a fastener, in this case a wood or pocket screw 23, which is mounted in a pocket 24 in the first joinery member. A bore 26 extends from edge 27 of the first joinery member to pocket 24, and screw 23 is positioned

in bore 26 and screwed into the second joinery member 22 to secure the assembly together as a unit. Typically, a plurality of fasteners 23 will be used along the length of the two members being joined, and second member 22 may be provided with pre-drilled holes or bores which receive the screws and make driving of the same easier. Pocketed securement together of two joinery members is often employed to join face frames of various structures, but it also can be employed to secure panels together and combinations of panels and frame members.

[005] The formation of screw pocket 24 can be accomplished using various types of equipment. One of the most efficient ways of forming pocket 24 and bore 26, however, is set forth in my U.S. Patent No. 4,603,719. Subsequently I have devised a hand-held screw pocket forming apparatus, which is shown in my U.S. Patent No. 5,063,982, and pocket or mortise inserts are shown in my U.S. Patent No. 4,944,627.

[006] If the number of members to be joined together is relatively small, the apparatus of U.S. Patent No. 4,603,719 and 5,063,982 can be employed, and the wood working fabricator can manually place fasteners or pocket screws 23 into pockets 26. In the do-it- yourself or low volume contexts, therefore, it is relatively easy and not too time consuming to simply manually position the pocket screws for screwing into the other joinery member using a powered or unpowered screwdriver.

[007] In high production situations, however, fabrication lines need to be partially or fully automated, and one of the most difficult tasks in a joinery production line is to automate the positioning of fasteners in the joinery members so that they can be fastened together using a power screwdriver. It is highly undesirable in high production applications, therefore, to form the pocket 24 and bore 26 automatically and yet have to employ manual labor to insert fasteners in the bores for subsequent powered screwing together of the joinery pieces.

[008] Several problems are encountered which make automating a joinery production line difficult. One is the need to move the joinery members during the process. Such movement will tend to cause fasteners to vibrate or fall out of the pockets before they can be screwed into another member to join the two members together. Another problem is

the need to control the orientation and location of the pointed ends of the fasteners or pocket screws. Thus, automated placement of wood screws in small diameter bores, such as bore 26, can be difficult. Such placement requires that the pocket screw pointed end be aligned with the bore within relatively close tolerances so that the fastener will not be jammed into the end wall of the pocket adjacent to bore 26 and thereby shut down the production line.

[009] While existing pocket screws are suitable for use in high production applications, using the apparatus and process of the present invention, such conventional pocket screws or wood screws are not formed in a manner which makes them ideal for the present process and apparatus. Moreover, conventional screw pocket forming apparatus, including my prior U.S. Patent Nos. 4,603,716 and 5,063,982, produce pockets or mortises having a screw receiving bore 26 which also is somewhat less than ideal for use in the present apparatus and process.

[010] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and process for automated placement of fasteners, and particularly pocket screws, into joinery members for subsequent fastening together of the joinery members in a high production setting.

[011] A further object of the present invention is provide an improved pocket screw construction which enhances placement of the pocket screws in joinery members in a production line for subsequent formation of joinery assemblies.

[012] Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved pocket screw which is better suited for joining pocketed joinery members.

[013] The process, apparatus and resulting joinery member of the present invention have other objects and features of advantage which will become apparent from, or are set forth in more detail in, the accompanying drawing and following Best Mode of Carrying Out the Invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[014] In a broad aspect, a pocket joinery assembly is manufactured by first forming a fastener pocket in a surface of a joinery member near to and spaced from an end of the joinery member. Subsequently, one propels a fastener having a tip or point into the fastener pocket. In different preferred embodiments, one propels with a mechanical gripping apparatus or by pneumatic force applied along a fastener guide. In each embodiment, the fastener impacts and engages a fastener pocket end, which is opposite the end of the joinery member. In preferred embodiments having a bore, a fastener point does not impact the fastener pocket end. Rather, a shank portion of the fastener impacts a fastener pocket end around the bore. In preferred embodiments without a bore, a fastener point does impact the fastener pocket end because there is no bore opening. Finally, to a greater or lesser extent across a range of embodiments, one drives the fastener to a stable, engaged position wherein the fastener point or tip is intermediate between the fastener pocket and the end of the joinery member. In preferred embodiments having a bore, one drives the fastener in the bore until there is sufficient frictional engagement and the point is proximal to the end of the joinery member. In preferred embodiments without a bore, one drives the fastener through the joinery member material to a position where the point is proximal to the end of the joinery member.

[015] The result, in preferred embodiments having a bore and in preferred embodiments without a bore, is a joinery assembly with a joinery member and an embedded fastener. The joinery member has a fastener pocket formed near to an end, and a fastener having a point is embedded in the joinery member between the fastener pocket end and the end of the joinery member. With or without a bore, the fastener is in direct contact with joinery member material. With a bore, a shank portion of the fastener is in direct contact with joinery member material and a point or tip of the fastener is not, by virtue of the bore. Without a bore, by contrast, the point or tip of the fastener is in direct contact with joinery member material.

[016] One aspect of the present invention is directed to a process for forming a pocket joinery assembly including one or more steps of: forming a fastener pocket in a surface of a joinery member proximate to and spaced from an end of the joinery member; propelling

a fastener having a point into the fastener pocket, whereby the fastener impacts and engages a fastener pocket end proximate to the end of the joinery member; and thereafter driving the fastener to a stable, engaged position wherein the point is intermediate the fastener pocket and the end of the joinery member.

[017] In one embodiment, the point may impact and engage the fastener pocket end. The stable, engaged position may be immediately adjacent the end of the joinery member. Propulsion may be applied by a surface force to the fastener. Propulsion may be applied by a body force to the fastener. Propelling a fastener may include propelling along a trajectory, a portion of which trajectory may be aligned with an axis of rotation of a fastener-driving head. The fastener may be a pocket screw. The joinery member may include at least one of: a wooden member, a composite member, and a plastic member. The pocket may be an arcuate pocket increasing in depth in a direction toward the end of the joinery member.

[018] Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a joinery assembly including one or more of: a joinery member having a fastener pocket formed therein proximate an end thereof; and a fastener located in the fastener pocket and having a point positioned in the joinery member intermediate a fastener pocket end and the end of the joinery member; wherein the fastener may be in direct engaging contact with joinery member material.

[019] In one embodiment, the fastener has a shank and the shank may be in direct contact with joinery member material and the point may be not in direct contact with joinery member material. The point may be in direct contact with the joinery member material. The point may be proximate to the end of the joinery member. The fastener may be a pocket screw. The joinery member may include at least one of: a wooden member, a composite member, and a plastic member.

[020] Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a process for forming a pocket joinery assembly including one or more of the steps of: restraining a joinery member against movement relative to a supporting surface; displacing a cutting tool through a predetermined path to form a pocket in the joinery member proximate to an end

of the joinery member; retracting the cutting tool along the predetermined path; positioning a fastener guide relative to the pocket such that a fastener emerging from the fastener guide impacts an end of the pocket adjacent the end of the joinery member; propelling the fastener along the fastener guide to impact and engage the end of the pocket; displacing a fastener-driving head through a linear path to engage the fastener wherein portions of the linear path of the fastener-driving head and the predetermined path of the cutting tool intersect; driving the fastener to a position intermediate the end of the pocket and the end of the joinery member; retracting the fastener-driving head and fastener guide; and releasing the joinery member relative to the supporting surface.

[021] In some embodiments, a portion of the linear path may extend through a portion of the fastener guide. The fastener may be a pocket screw. The joinery member may include at least one of: a wooden member, a composite member, and a plastic member.

[022] A further aspect of the present invention is directed to a system for manufacturing pre-fabricated joinery assemblies, including one or more of: a housing; a clamp for securing a joinery member against movement relative to a supporting surface; a router disposed within the housing and coupled to the housuig such that a router head has freedom of movement to trace a predetermined path, the predetermined path intersecting a portion of the joinery member to enable formation of a pocket in the joinery member; a fastener guide disposed within the housing and coupled to the housing such that the fastener guide has freedom of movement to enable a fastener emerging from the fastener guide to impact an end of the pocket; a fastener driver disposed within the housing and coupled to the housing such that a fastener driver head has freedom of movement to trace a path to engage a fastener head located proximate to the end of the pocket and drive a fastener point to a position intermediate the end of the pocket and a joinery member end; and propulsion means coupled to the fastener guide for applying a motive force to propel a fastener along the fastener guide.

[023] Optionally, the fastener guide includes an open channel portion. The fastener driver head may extend through a portion of the fastener guide. The position intermediate the end of the pocket and a joinery member end may be immediately

adjacent the joinery member end. The propulsion means may apply a surface force to the fastener. Alternatively, the propulsion means may apply a body force to the fastener.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[024] FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, side elevation view, in cross section of two joinery members secured together by a pocket screw as is known in the prior art.

[025] FIG. 2 is a top plan, schematic representation of an automated production line suitable for use in securing together two joinery members and including screw pocket formation apparatus and automated pocket screw placement apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention.

[026] FIG. 3 is an enlarged top plan schematic representation of the screw pocket formation and fastener placement portion of the production line of FIG. 2.

[027] FIG. 4 is a schematic, side elevation view, in cross section, of a screw pocket formation step.

[028] FIG. 5 is a schematic, side elevation view, in cross section, of a fastener-receiving bore formation step, showing the pocket formation apparatus in phantom.

[029] FIG. 6 is a side elevation, schematic view, in cross section, of a fastener positioning step in the process of the present invention.

[030] FIG. 7 is a side elevation, schematic view, in cross section, of a fastener . placement step of the process of the present invention.

[031] FIG. 8 is a side elevation view, broken away, of a joinery fastener placement device suitable for performing the steps of FIGS. 6 and 7 to position fastener in a screw pocket.

[032] FIG. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, side elevation view of a fastener orienting assembly employed in the placement device of FIG. 8.

1033] FIG. 10 is a top plan, fragmentary view of the orienting assembly of FIG. 9.

[034] FIG. 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary, side elevation view of a fastener gripping assembly employed in the fastener placement device of FIG. 8.

[035] FIG. 12 is a fragmentary, end elevation view of the apparatus of FIG. 11.

[036] FIG. 13 is an enlarged, side elevation view, in cross-section, of a preferred form of pocket screw fastener suitable for use in the process and with the apparatus of the present invention.

[037] FIG. 14 is an enlarged, fragmentary, end elevation view of a joinery member having a fastener-receiving bore constructed in a manner preferred for use with the present process and apparatus.

[038] FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus for forming a pocket joinery assembly without a bore.

[039] FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the fastener driver and fastener guide shown in FIG. 15 .

[040] FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C and FIG. 16D are four cross-sectional views of the fastener guide of FIG. 15 taken substantially along lines A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D, respectively, of FIG. 16.

[041] FIG. 17A-FIG. 17F is a series of schematic views of the apparatus shown in FIG. 15 illustrating steps for forming a pocket joinery assembly according to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[042] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be

understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[043] The process and apparatus of the present invention are particularly well suited for partial or fully automated joinery applications such as the production of components or subassemblies used to form cabinetry or furniture. As used herein, the expression "joinery member" shall include wooden members, composite resin and bonded cellulose- based and/or plastic members, plastic members, and combinations of wood and plastic members. It is possible that the present apparatus and process also could be applied to metal members, particularly metals which are easily machined such as aluminum, but generally the present process and apparatus are best adapted for use with materials typically employed in a production woodworking facility to form products such as cabinetry and furniture. Moreover, the present apparatus and method are particularly well suited for high production runs in which manual steps are partially or fully automated so that a continuous production line can be established. Such a production line can be implemented by intermittently moving and stopping the joinery members at stationary processing stations or by continuously conveying the joinery members past reciprocating processing stations (jump stations) which move with the member over a short distance. Obviously, a combination of intermittent movement of both the joinery member and/or the processing equipment could also be employed, as can manual movement of members between processing stations.

[044] Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, schematic representations of a processing line for the automatic joining together of two joinery members is shown. In the embodiment illustrated, the joinery members are moving on a conveyor, generally designated 31, which carries the joinery member past various processing equipment for the performance of the steps necessary to join one member to a second member.

[045] A typical production line might include, for example, a joinery member feed station 32 at which members 33 are fed onto conveyor 31. The feed station can include

member feeding apparatus 30 and an indexing stop or fence 34 which positions member 33 relative to conveyor 31. A clamping assembly 36 clamps joinery member 33 to conveyor 31 as positioned or indexed by fence 34 so that the subsequent processing apparatus can perform various operations on member 33 as it moves along conveyor 31 in the direction of arrow 37. One type of clamping assembly 36 which can be employed is seen in FIG. 8 in which a plurality of downwardly biased rollers 25 press on a low friction platen 35 (e.g. a DELRIN sheet), which in turn clamps down on moving belt 50 that engages and displaces member 33. A low friction stationary surface 40 that is supported on conveyor frame member 55. Conveyor belt 50 returns above a second low friction platen 60 above rollers 25. Other conveyors and clamping arrangements suitable for use in the present invention and are well known in the art.

[046] Once joinery member 33 is moving with conveyor 31 in index relation thereto, a first pocket forming station 38 may be provided, which preferably takes the form of a jump station. Pocket forming station 38 will include apparatus 39, described in more detail below, which reciprocates parallel to conveyor 31 so as to process joinery member 33 as it is being conveyed by conveyor 31. Processing is accomplished during the stroke of the jump station 38 in the direction of arrow 37, while the pocket forming apparatus 39 is reciprocated back to a start position, shown in solid lines in FIGS. 2 and 3, before the next joinery member reaches pocket forming station 38.

[047] A fastener positioning apparatus, generally designated 41 , is positioned proximate conveyor 31 downstream of pocket forming apparatus 39. At fastener-positioning station 43 fasteners, preferably pocket screws, are positioned in the pocket formed at pocket forming station 38. Again, it is preferable to employ a jump station approach at fastener- positioning station 43.

[048] By the time joinery member 33 leaves the fastener positioning station, the joinery member, will have one or more screw pockets formed in it and fastener screws positioned in the pockets for joining of joinery member 33 to another joinery member. At a joinery member manipulation or rotation station 44, joinery member 33 can be released temporarily from conveyor clamp 36 and repositioned, for example, by rotating as

indicated by arrow 46. The repositioned joinery member is then reclamped to the conveyor at clamping station 47 with the other end of member 33 in index relation to conveyor 31. Instead of rotating joinery member 33, it can also be released by clamping apparatus 36 and repositioned for processing of the opposite end of the joinery member by a processing apparatus on the other side of conveyor 31 from the pocket apparatus 39 and the fastener positioning device 41.

[049] Release and manipulation or repositioning of the joinery members will not be required if the line is set up to process joinery members of exactly the same size. Length variations between joinery members, however, can be accommodated by the rotation or shifting and re-indexing of the opposite end of the member on the conveyor and re- clamping it while positioned against a stop. As illustrated in the FIG. 2, the line continues after manipulation station 44, and a second pocket forming station 38a, and a second fastener placement station 43a may be provided so that a pocket can be formed in the opposite end of member 33 and a fastening screw placed in the pocket.

[050] At station 48, a second joinery member 33a can be conveyed by a second conveyor 31a onto conveyor 31, at which second member 33a abuts first joinery member 33 in a desired predetermined relative orientation. Once placed in abutting position, the two joinery members are clamped and fastened at a fastening station 49, with fastening apparatus 51 which fastens two joinery members 33, 33a together. Thus, fastening apparatus 51 can screw the pocket screw into the second joinery member 33a. Additional joinery members can be brought to conveyor 31 and joined together to form various joinery assemblies.

[051] FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically illustrate a fully automated production line, but the apparatus and process of the present invention also may be used in a partially automated line or even a production line in which the joinery members are manually moved from one processing station to the next. In such partial or manual production lines each station can be stationary and the jump stations eliminated.

[052] It will be apparent from the description of the illustrated automated production line, that one of the critical steps which must be performed in order for the formation and

joining together of joinery members in an assembly is the placement of fasteners, particularly pocket screws, in one of the joinery members as they pass along the line. Obviously, this step also is preferably preceded by an automation formation of a screw pocket in the joinery member. The screw pocket formation and fastener placement can be described in more detail by reference to FIGS. 3-7.

[053] In FIG. 3, pocket forming apparatus 39 can be seen to be mounted to one or more rods or a guideway 53 for reciprocation along a side of conveyor 31. End 54 of joinery member 33 will be clamped at a known, predetermined position relative to conveyor 31 by a stop or fence 34 at the feed and indexing station 32. As end 54 moves into the pocket forming apparatus 39, a sensor 56 senses when the end is positioned properly in pocket forming apparatus 39, at which point a clamp in pocket forming apparatus 39 clamps apparatus 39 to member 33, for example, by clamping it against a support surface 57, with end 54 against a vertically extending surface or stop 58. The pocket forming apparatus, therefore, is clamped to joinery member 33 and will travel with it as conveyor 31 is advanced in the direction of arrow 37. Pocket forming apparatus 39 can be synchronously powered to move with conveyor 31, or it simply be clamped so that conveyor 31, in effect, powers movement of the pocket forming apparatus in the direction of arrow 59 along guideway 53.

[054] The form of pocket forming apparatus 39 employed in the present process and apparatus preferably is one in which the pocket is routed and a fastener-receiving bore is drilled and both functions are incorporated into apparatus 39. The details of construction of such an apparatus are not critical to the fastener placement apparatus of the present invention, but they can be based upon my U.S. Patent Nos. 4,603,719 and 5,063,982, which are both incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. Basically, pocketing forming apparatus 39 will form the screw pocket in a bottom or downwardly facing surface of joinery member 33 and drill the fastener-receiving bore from end 54 to the routed pocket.

[055] In FIG. 4, a router 61, which forms part of apparatus 39, is shown as being pivoted in the direction of arrow 62 to form pocket 63 in a downwardly facing surface 64

of joinery member 33. In a second step, shown in FIG. 5, drill 66 is advanced, as indicated by arrow 67, and drills a fastener-receiving bore 68 from end wall or edge 54 of joinery member 33 to pocket 63.

[056] It also would be possible to form bore 68 parallel to the opposed side surfaces of member 33, instead of at a slight angle. If constructed in this manner, the pocket shape would also be changed (deepened) to enable the screw placement assembly to position the screw in a near parallel orientation to the bore for insertion.

[057] Once pocket 63 and connecting fastener bore 68 are formed, clamp 55 of pocket forming apparatus 39 can be released to free the pocket forming apparatus for movement in the direction of arrow 69 along guideway 53 back to the solid line "start" position shown in FIG. 3. This movement could be driven, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder (not shown). Similarly, router pivoting and drill reciprocation would also be preferably pneumatically driven.

[058] An additional optional step which can be performed once bore 68 is drilled is to stabilize the core of the joinery member around bore 68. For composite members, such as particle board, press board, agricultural board and the like, the cellulose particles inside the outer surfaces of the board may not be that strongly bonded together. Thus, an adhesive or binder material could be pumped under pressure into bore 68 to more strongly bind the particles exposed by drilling. Similarly, pocket 63 can be impregnated with a binder to stabilize the core or particles exposed by routing. Such stabilization could occur at a separate processing station (not shown) between the pocket forming station and fastener placement station, or be incorporated into the pocket forming station.

[059] If a second or third screw pocket is to be formed in joinery member 33, a second pocket forming apparatus can be positioned immediately after pocket forming station 38. If the spacing along conveyor 31 between pockets is sufficient, pocket forming apparatus 39 can include side-by-side routers and drills so that a plurality of pockets 63, and connecting fastener bores 68, can be simultaneously formed in a side-by-side fashion at a single, but wider, pocket forming jump station 38.

[060] It also would be possible to form a pocket, position a screw or fastener in the pocket and thereafter form a second pocket, followed by positioning of a second fastener, all while joinery member 33 is moving down the production line on conveyor 31.

[061] In order to facilitate subsequent joining to another joinery member, it would also be possible to apply an adhesive to edge 54 of the joinery member. Thus, a two sided adhesive tape could be placed on edge 54 across bore 68. Pressure sensitive tapes and/or light-reactive adhesives also could be used. In addition to facilitating assembly such tapes or adhesives would assist in bonding the members together.

[062] After pocket 63 is formed, joinery member 33 proceeds to fastener positioning apparatus 41, which is constructed in accordance with the present invention and is used to position or.place a fastener, such as a pocket screw, in the joinery member for subsequent use in fastening the joinery member to another joinery member. FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically illustrate the fastener placement steps, while FIGS. 8-12 show the details of construction of the present fastener positioning device.

[063] In FIGS. 6 and 7, joinery member 33 has been released from pocket forming apparatus 39 and advanced to positioning apparatus 41. The position of the joinery member on a supporting surface 71 will be sensed as the conveyor advances, and apparatus 41 is stationary at the start of the jump station. When properly positioned, a clamp 72 will clamp member 33 to surface 71 with the end or edge 54 against vertically extending surface or fence 73. Positioning device 41 can then travel with conveyor 31, as indicated by arrow 74 in FIG. 3, by reason of being pulled along guideway 76 by conveyor 31 or by being synchronously powered to move at the same rate as conveyor 31.

[064] Once member 33 is clamped in position on surface 71, the fastener placement device moves a fastener from a feed magazine into fastener-receiving bore 68. Li FIG. 6, a sequence of movement of a pocket screw 74 from a feed magazine into bore 68 is shown. The pocket screw first starts in a magazine position 74a. Next, it is turned by an orientation assembly described below to position 74b. The pocket screw is advanced to position 74c, at which point it is gripped by a gripping assembly, which also will be

described in more detail. The gripping assembly then raises the pocket screw upwardly into pocket 63 as shown by position 74d. Finally, as shown in FIG. 7, the pocket screw is advanced into bore 68 to position 74e.

[065] As will be seen from FIG. 7, and as is a feature of the apparatus and process of the present invention, the pocket screw, when in position 74e, will be entirely inwardly of the downwardly facing surface 64 of member 33. Moreover, the distal or pointed end 76 of the pocket screw will be entirely inwardly of the edge or end 54 of joinery member 33. When placed in this position, joinery member can be moved along fabrication support surfaces, such as conveyor 31, without pulling the pocket screw out of pocket 63 and bore 68. As will be described in greater detail below, the pocket screw is held in position 74e in bore 68 by an interference fit between a shank portion of the pocket screw and bore 68. Such a fit prevents the pocket screw from falling out of pocket 63, as well as preventing the screw from being jiggled or vibrated out of the pocket during subsequent manual or automated manipulation of joinery member 33.

£066] Referring now to FIG. 8, the details of construction of a preferred embodiment of the joinery fastener positioning device 41 of the present invention can be described in more detail. Fastener positioning device 41 preferably includes a positioning surface or surfaces 71 and 73 upon which joinery member 33 can be placed so that fastener 74 can be moved to and mounted in bore 68 of screw pocket 63. It will be understood, however, that in the broadest aspect of the present invention, apparatus 41 could be used to position fasteners 74 in a joinery member not having a bore, for example, in a joinery member having only a screw pocket formed in a sidewall of the joinery member. The fastener would be merely placed in contact or engagement with the joinery member sufficient to temporarily secure the fastener to the joinery member for the next fastening step. Moreover, while the preferred form of fastener is a pocket screw or wood screw, it will be understood that the present apparatus could be used to position other types of fasteners to a joinery member, such as a nail or a non-wood screw.

[067] Mounted to housing 81 of positioning device 41 is a fastener feed magazine 82, which is formed for feeding fasteners to a gripping assembly or apparatus, generally

designated 83. Most preferably, fastener feed magazine can be provided as screw shaker bowl feed device, which is commercially available from several sources including Design Tools, Inc. of Hickory, North Carolina. The feed assembly magazine includes a vertically extending tube 82 having an internal diameter or bore 84 dimensioned to slidably receive enlarged heads 86 of pointed fasteners 74. Feed magazine 82 is provided with a pneumatic system which transfers screws to tube 82 one-by-one from the orienting shaker bowl in a point first orientation.

[068] Gripping apparatus 83 is positioned to receive the fasteners one-by-one from feed magazine 82, and includes an orienting subassembly, generally designated 87, which reorients the generally vertically oriented fastener 74a and to a near horizontal orientation 74c for gripping.

[069] Gripping apparatus 83 also is adapted to releasably grip individual fasteners 74 in a manner causing pointed ends 88 to be held in a known and controlled relation to the gripping apparatus so that they can be reliably positioned in the small diameter bore 68 in the joinery member. As will be seen from FIG. 8, pointed end 88 of fastener 74 in feed magazine or tube 82 is not in contact with the interior of bore 84. Instead, tube bore 84 is contacted by enlarged head 86 and pointed end 88 of the fastener is free to be angularly displaced toward the bore sidewall from the center line of the bore. Control of pointed end 88 is critical to placement of fastener 74 in the relatively small diameter bore 68.

[070] Thus, an important feature of the present invention is that fastener positioning device 41 of the present invention is formed to control the position of pointed fastener end 88 so that it may be accurately and reproducibly inserted into bore 68. The manner of accomplishing such controlled positioning of the pointed end 88 will be described in more detail below.

[071] Once fastener 74 is gripped by gripping assembly 83, the assembly is further formed for movement between a fastener gripping position and a fastener placement position, all while the pointed end 88 of the fastener remains in indexed relation to the gripping apparatus. Fastener 74, therefore, is moved from position 74c to position 74d, as indicated by arrow 89. While gripped in position 74d, as can be seen in FIG. 6, pointed

end 88 will be very closely aligned to the central axis of fastener-receiving bore 68 for insertion into the bore.

[072] Fastener positioning device 39 also includes a placement assembly 91 formed to urge fastener 74 from gripping apparatus 83 into contact with joinery member 33 with pointed end 88 of the fastener in a predetermined known position in relation to the joinery member, namely, inserted down bore 68. Placement assembly accomplishes such positioning by pivoting of arm 92 about pivot point 93, as indicated by arrow 94. The result is to urge the fastener out of the gripping assembly and into bore 68, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[073] Further details of construction of gripping assembly 83 can be seen from FIGS. 9- 12. In FIGS. 9 and 10, an orienting subassembly 87 is shown which receives fasteners, pointed end first, from feed magazine 82. The orienting assembly can advantageously be provided by a pair of side-by-side, parallel and spaced apart, guide rails 101 which define therebetween a fastener-receiving slot 102. Slot 102 is formed to receive the screw body or shank 103 of fastener 74 and rails 101 are spaced closely enough together to support enlarged fastener heads 86 thereon. Slot 102 between members 101 slidably receives body 103 of the fastener as it gravitates out of feed magazine 82. In the solid line position of fastener 74a in FIG. 9, head 86 of the fastener rests on parallel spaced apart rails 101 in a near vertical orientation. Movably mounted to subassembly 87 is a slide member 104 which is coupled at end 106 to an actuator 107, such as a pneumatic actuator. Opposite end 108 of slide member 104 is preferably formed with a recess or as U-shaped end which engages head 86 of the fastener. Slide end 108 can be seen to have a width dimension which is sufficient to span across 102 between the two guide members 101 and slides along the upper surfaces of rails 101.

[074] Actuator 107 can reciprocate slide member 104, as indicated by arrows 109. When the actuator moves slide member to the right in FIG. 9, head 86 of fastener 74 is slid down the upper surface of rails 101. Mounted between rails 101 downstream of the fastener magazine 82 is a re-orienting member 111, which preferably has an arcuate front upper surface 112. As the fastener and head 86 are moved to the right, the shank or body

103 of the fastener engages surface 112 and tilts or rotates fastener 74 to position 74b, as shown in broken lines in FIG. 9. Slide 104 continues to advance fastener 74 until head 86 passes beyond the ends 113 of rails 101. The fastener head drops down and the fastener is supported on the upper surface 114 of re-orienting member 111.

[075] As can be seen at the right end of FIG. 9 in broken lines, the end 108 of slide member 104 still engages the enlarged head 86 of fastener 74. Further displacement of slide member 104 to the right, therefore, continues to slide fastener 74 along re- orientation member 111 and to a position between a pair of spread apart gripping fingers 121 , which may be seen in FIGS. 11 and 12. Fastener 74 is supported on upwardly facing surface 114 of the re-orientation member 111 and on upwardly facing surface 122 of placement arm 92, which is aligned with and at the same level as surface 114. As the enlarged head 86 is advanced by slide member 104 to the right, fastener head 86 reaches a notch 124 in arm 92, and fastener 74 is then oriented for gripping by fingers 121 in a predetermined known orientation, namely, as supported between member 111 and arm 92. Moreover, gripping fingers 121 grip body 103 of fastener 74 below head 86.

[076] In FIGS. 11 and 12, gripping fingers 121 can be seen to be cantilevered from pivotally mounted arm 127 and fingers 121 extend upwardly over a substantial distance so as to permit resilient outward displacement of fingers 121 away from each other in the direction of arrows 129 in FIG. 12. Bolts 128 can be used to secure fingers 121 to arm 127. In the relaxed condition, fingers 121 are spaced from each other by a distance which is less than the diameter of fastener body or shank portion 103. In order to open the gripping fingers 121 to receive fasteners 74, a wedge element 125 is provided on orientation assembly 87 which forces the two gripping fingers 121 outwardly from their relaxed condition, as indicated by arrows 129. As arm 127 is pivoted downwardly from support surface 71 to the position shown in FIGS. 8 and 11, a lower edge 130 of fingers 122 engages outwardly projecting wedge element 125 on the end of subassembly 87 and forces the fingers apart so as to permit slide 104 to urge the fastener to the position shown in FIG. 8. When arm 127 starts to pivot upwardly, wedge 125 is disengaged and the fingers resiliently close and grip the fastener body at a position below the enlarged head, that is, they grip shank 103 of the fastener. Since the shank is being supported on surface

122 with the head 86 in notch 124 at the time of upward motion and gripping, the pointed end 88 of the fastener is in a predetermined, known orientation when the fastener is gripped. Upon gripping by fingers 121, therefore, the fastener is held in index relation to gripping assembly 83.

[077] Once the fastener is gripped by fingers 121, actuator 131 is used to pivot the arm 127 further about shaft 132 (FIG. 8) in an upward direction until the gripped fastener is positioned in pocket 63. The precise orientation of the fastener and its pointed end 88 is still controlled by gripping fingers 121, and pointed end 88 of the fastener will be reliably aligned with fastener-receiving bore 68.

[0781 At this point, placement arm 123 (which also is carried by arm 127 with fingers 121) is pivoted about pivot axle 93 by actuator 134. This drives arm 92 to the left, as indicated by arrow 136, which in turn urges fastener 74 from between the resilient fingers 121 and into bore 68 to position 74e, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Shank 103 of the fastener then is urged into interference fit with bore 68 and the fastener is frictionaUy held in bore 68. Placement arm 92 can be pivoted back to the right and gripping arm 127 pivoted downwardly to open or spread fingers 121 to receive the next fastener from the fastener re-orienting subassembly 87.

[079] With the fastener frictionaUy held in bore 68 in a position so that the head 86 is in pocket 63 upwardly of the surface 64 and the pointed end 88 is inwardly of the end or edge 54, the joinery member can be moved automatically or manually to the next station for further processing, for example, for positioning abutting relation to another joinery member and driving of the previously positioned fastener into the other joinery member.

[080] As will be understood, therefore, the positioning process of the present invention is comprised of the steps of feeding a fastener 74 into a gripping apparatus 83, manipulating the fastener to a known orientation; gripping body 103 of the fastener below head 86 while in the known orientation with the gripping apparatus; moving the gripping apparatus to a fastener placement position 74d proximate the joinery member 33, while maintaining the fastener in the known orientation; and displacing the fastener from the

placement position into contact, and preferably interference fit 74d, with the joinery member for securenient thereto.

[081] While as above noted, fastener 74 may take any one of a number of different forms and still be suitable for use with the process and apparatus of the present invention, it is preferred that, in embodiments having a bore, fastener 74 be constructed as shown in FIG. 13. Thus, fastener 74 can advantageously take the form of a monolithically formed pocket screw having a screw body 103 with a head 86, a threaded end 141 terminating in point 88. Point 88, however, can also be a blunted point if the second member receiving the screw has a bore in it sufficient to allow the blunted end to enter the second member to a depth allowing the threads to engage and pull the screw into the second member. Shank 103 has a diameter which is greater than the widest diameter of threaded end 141, which enhances the overall fastener strength and predictably produces an interference fit with the fastener-receiving bore 68.

[082] Head 86 advantageously can be formed with a plurality of annular steps 142 which have increasing diameter and are stepped outwardly from shank 103. In the preferred form, at least three steps 142 are provided with the first step being connected by an annular fillet 143 to shank 103. Each annular step 142 includes a substantially 90° shoulder defined by a radially extending annular surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 144 of the fastener and a cylindrical surface which is substantially concentric to axis 144. Stepped head 86 slows pocket screw 74 down as it engages the end wall of the pocket so that the threads which are screwed into the second joinery member do not spin or over-rotate when screwed in by a power screw driver. Steps 142 also better fit the radius of the end wall of the pocket which is formed by the router than a bevel headed wood screw so that more of the head engages the end wall of the pocket.

[083] In the most preferred form, the thread pattern on end 141 is a self-tapping thread, and the threaded end 141 is connected to shank 103 by an axially tapering section 146, which is tangential to both tapered threaded end 141 and cylindrical shank 103. The fastener can include an end structure, such as a pocket 147; which in differing embodiments is formed to receive a straight blade, or a Phillips head screwdriver blade,

or a hexagonal (Allen) bit, or a hexalobular bit such as those sold under the trademark TORX. In a preferred embodiment, , a square pocket is formed to receive a square headed screwdriver. One will appreciate that many screw drive types are in accord with the invention.

[084] The fastener shown in FIG. 13 has a threaded end which can be screwed into a second joinery member which usually has not been previously drilled. Moreover, the tapered section 146 allows the fastener to be easily urged into interference fit with a bore 68 by a screw placement device 41 of the type described above. The relatively large diameter 103 of the shank compresses bore 68 along its length due to the interference fit and has the strength to withstand such compression. Preferably, during driving of the screw into a second un-drilled joinery member, shank 103 extends across the interface between the two joinery members so that the shear strength is high between the two. Finally, square drive pocket 147 allows substantial force to be applied to the pocket screw during the fastening process.

[085] In embodiments without a bore, a fastener with a smaller diameter shank than the fastener in FIG. 13 is preferred, as is a self-drilling point. Such screws are available, for example, from Deerwood Fasteners International, Inc. of Conover, North Carolina under a "Zip Drive" product line . Experience shows that screws with a comparatively smaller diameter shank may have a reduced tendency to split joinery material when being driven by a fastener driver.

[086] Referring now to FIG. 14, a preferred form of fastener-receiving bore 68 is shown, which is particularly well suited for use in materials that have a tendency to split. For most wooden joinery members, the bore 68 from edge or end wall 54 to pocket 63 will be cylindrical. Composite materials and some wood grain materials, however, will have a tendency to split under the interference fit between fastener shank 103 and bore 68. Accordingly, it is preferred in those instances where splitting can be a problem that bore 68 be a non-cylindrical bore, and most preferably that bore 68 be a slightly elongated in transverse cross section bore, with a large dimension extending along long axis 151 and oriented to extend across the thickness dimension, t, of end 54. The small

dimension of the elongated bore cross section is oriented along an axis 152 perpendicular to the axis 151 and extending along a greater width dimension, w, of member wall 54.

[087] Fastener 74 will be selected such that shank portion 103 is greater than the small dimension along axis 152 of the elongated bore 68. This will allow the shank to temporarily secure the fastener in pocket 63, as above described. When the fastener is screwed into another joinery member, the shank 103 will be pulled down the length of elongated bore 68, tending to compress the material in opposed directions along the axis 152. Since there is much more material in the width dimension, w, than in the thickness dimension, t, there will be less tendency for the joinery member to split under the compressive action of the shank on the material defining elongated bore 68. In fact, the larger dimension of bore 68 along axis 151 can be selected so that there is substantially no compression occurring in the thickness direction, t. This construction of fastener- receiving bore 68 will ensure less splitting of the joinery pieces, and it can be accomplished by slightly displacing drill 66 (using an oscillating mount) in a vertical direction during the drilling step.

[088] While an elongated cross section is shown for bore 68, it will be understood that broadly elongated bores can be advantageously used in other joinery applications. For example, the bore in the second joinery member into which pocket screw will be screwed, also advantageously can be an elongated bore oriented with the smaller diameter extending in the larger dimension direction of the member and the larger diameter of the bore extending in the small dimension direction. The elongated cross section obviously would be dimensioned based upon the thread diameter of the fastener, not the shank diameter.

[089] In the embodiments described above, a pocket joinery assembly, which includes a joinery member and a fastener, may be pre-manufactured by forming a pocket and a fastener-receiving bore extending from one end of the pocket to an end of the joinery member. Then, a fastener is mounted in the bore such that an interference fit retains the fastener in the bore by friction. Once mounted, the fastener is in a stable position relative to the joinery member and may be transported without attendant perturbations separating

the two. Such an assembly is advantageous for ready-to-assemble furniture and other commercial applications because the fasteners are located in advance and are ready for assembly with hand tools or simple power tools.

[090] In other embodiments, however, there is no bore extending from the pocket to an end of the joinery member. Instead, after a pocket is formed in the joinery member, a fastener is propelled along a guided trajectory to impact and engage with an end of the pocket. In contrast to previously described embodiments in which a fastener shank frictionally engages the end of the pocket around a bore, alternate embodiments with no bore have a point of the fastener partially penetrating and engaging the end of the pocket. Then, the fastener is driven to a stable engaged position intermediate the pocket and the end of the joinery member. Preferably but not necessarily, the stable engaged position is proximate to the end of the joinery member.

[091] Just as in the case of the embodiments with a bore, embodiments of the assembly fabricated in a boreless manner may be transported without attendant perturbations separating the fastener from the joinery member and are ready for assembly with hand tools or simple power tools. In a comparative advantage over the embodiments with a bore, embodiments without a bore eliminate a bore drilling step in the manufacturing process and also eliminate the problem of having to stabilize joinery member material around or within the bore, which problem was described above.

[092] FIG. 15 is a side cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus for forming a pocket joinery assembly without a bore. FIG. 15 is schematic in nature because much detail has been omitted for the sake of clarity. FIG. 15 shows apparatus 139 for forming a pocket joinery assembly with joinery member 33. Apparatus 139 generally includes a base 158 having a support surface 57 and a stop 151, a clamp 55, a cutting tool 61 having a cutting tool head 154, a fastener guide 153, and a fastener driver 150 having a fastener drive head 155, a fastener drive motor 157, and a fastener driver shaft 156.

[093] Preferably, the base is in the form of a housing which surrounds or encloses the moving components including, but not limited to, the cutting tool, the fastener guide, and

the fastener driver. In the illustrated embodiment, the cutting tool is a router, however, one will appreciate that other cutting tools may be utilized in accordance with the present invention.

[094] In FIG. 15, clamp 55 is attached to housing 158 and acts to secure joinery member 33 to support surface 57 such that there is no relative movement between the two. Preferably, the clamp is a pneumatic clamp, although hydraulic or spring or screw-type clamps are among many possible clamp types. Router 61 is disposed within the housing and coupled to it such that the router has freedom of rotational movement to trace arcuate router path 170 (shown as a dashed curve), which extends router head 154 out of the housing through an opening. This enables the spinning router head to cut into and form a pocket in the clamped joinery member. See FIG. 4. While in this embodiment, the router or cutting tools follows an arcuate path, in a wide range of other embodiments, a control system may be programmable to realize many alternate predetermined paths into the joinery member to form a pocket therein. This is particularly the case for embodiments with cutting tools coupled to an otherwise conventional x-y coordinate control system.

[095] Still referring to FIG. 15, fastener driver 150 is also disposed within housing 158. In contrast to the freedom of rotational movement of router 61, the fastener driver is coupled to the housing such that fastener drive head 155 at a distal end of fastener drive shaft 156 has freedom of linear movement to trace a path (omitted here for clarity and shown in subsequent figures) toward an end of a formed pocket. As the drive head extends into the pocket from the housing, it may engage and drive a fastener placed in the end of the pocket.

[096] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the router and fastener driver are powered tools and are displaced within the housing by suitable means in an otherwise conventional manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the router is electrically powered and the fastener driver is pneumatically powered. Alternative embodiments may employ electric, or pneumatic, or hydraulic power, or hand-powered levers to displace the router and fastener driver. As well, the router and fastener driver may be electrically, or pneumatically, or

hydraulically powered tools. Many variations are possible within the scope of the invention.

[097] In the embodiments described above as being without a bore, a fastener is propelled along a guided trajectory to impact and engage a fastener point with an end of the pocket. Then, a fastener driver engages with and drives the fastener further into the joinery member.

[098] One will appreciate that there are many possible variations in regard to aspects of the invention which guide a fastener trajectory toward impacting and engaging a fastener point with an end of the pocket. For instance, in some embodiments, a fastener may be guided toward the pocket end such that the fastener point impacts and engages with the end of the pocket by being carried on a magnetized tip of a fastener driver. In this instance, a guide structure is not necessary as the fastener driver propels as well as guides. In another range of embodiments, however, a guide structure is provided. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, fastener guide 153 enables guided placement in the pocket by providing a guide channel. Further, a portion of the fastener guide channel is coincident or co-linear with fastener driver shaft 156. While co-linear, the fastener guide and fastener drive shaft translate independently in this example, as described in more detail below. Thus, many possible variations are in accord with the invention.

[099] One will appreciate as well that there are many possible variations in regard to aspects of the invention which propel a fastener. For example, referring still to FIG. 15, fastener guide 153 connects to a feed magazine or source of fasteners 180, which is described above and includes otherwise conventional propulsion means (not shown), which provides a motive force to propel a fastener from the fastener source 180, through a tube portion 181, and along the guide once the fastener has emerged from the feed magazine or fastener source. In one preferred example, a compressed air reservoir is in fluid communication with the fastener guide and provides a force acting on a surface of the fastener. Other examples of propulsion means are springs or hydraulic or pneumatic pistons. Further, the fastener driver itself may positively engage with a fastener upon the

fastener emerging from the fastener source and propel the fastener. The preceding examples apply a surface force in that an external force is applied to a fastener surface. In another class of fastener propulsion means, an external force acts throughout the fastener body to propel the fastener. For example, in some embodiments, electromagnetic systems provide a body force to propel fasteners. Other embodiments may utilize gravity. Thus, many variations of propulsion means are possible in accordance with the principles of the invention. FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the embodiment of fastener guide 153 and fastener driver 150 from FIG. 15. Head 155 and shaft 156 portions of the fastener driver are indicated, as in FIG. 15. In addition, FIG. 16 includes four cross-sectional cuts through the fastener guide, which are labeled A-A through D-D.

[0100] The embodiment of fastener guide 153 in FIG. 16 has a closed channel or tube portion 181 operably connected to the fastener source 180 and an open channel portion 185. Having an open channel portion of the fastener guide is advantageous in achieving co-linearity of lines of ingress and egress to the pocket, as described and illustrated below. As well, an open portion is more readily cleared if fastener jams occur. When positioned to guide a fastener from a feed magazine to an end of the pocket, however, the open portion becomes substantially closed by proximity to housing 57 and pocket 63, as shown and described below. See especially FIG. 17C.

[oioi] In one range of embodiments of fastener guide 153, closed channel portion 181 is a closed cylindrical tube which is connected to a fastener feed magazine and fastener propulsion means, both of which are omitted from FIG. 16 for clarity. Open channel portion 185 includes channel bottom 187 and channel walls 188. The channel bottom is typically, though not necessarily, formed in a semi-circular cross-sectional shape. A semi-circular shape is preferred because it accommodates the semicircular shapes of many fasteners. Other embodiments, however, have a flat cross-sectional shape. The channel walls are preferably, but not necessarily, straight. Many variations of channel geometry are possible within the scope of the invention.

[0102] FIG. 16 shows a preferred relative positioning of fastener guide 153 and fastener driver 150. As described in further detail below, preferred embodiments of the invention establish co-linear paths of ingress to and egress from pocket 63 for a fastener following the fastener guide and the fastener driver. The embodiment of the fastener guide in FIG. 16 enables such co-linearity by open channel portion 185 being formed and dimensioned to receive fastener drive shaft 156 and have the drive shaft extend through a portion of the open channel. As described in further detail below, embodiments of the fastener guide and fastener driver may translate relative to each other along a common ingress and egress path. Thus, the drive shaft extends through the open channel portion to a greater or lesser extent at various times of operation.

[0103] Still referring to FIG. 16, cross-section A-A shows the cross-section of closed channel or tube portion 181 and fastener drive shaft 156. As illustrated in subsequent figures, a fastener from a feed magazine (not shown) will reach this section before sections B-B to D-D.

[0104] Section B-B is through both closed channel portion 181 and open channel portion 185. The open channel portion is formed and dimensioned as shown in the figure to receive fastener drive shaft 156 which then extends along the fastener guide proximate to channel bottom 187. Also, channel walls 188 are formed and dimensioned to cooperate with the inside of housing 57 to form a substantially closed channel when the faster guide is positioned to abut the housing. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the tops of the channel walls form a horizontal surface from section B-B to C-C to cooperate with a horizontal surface of the housing, as shown subsequently in FIG. 17C.

[0105] Because the end of the fastener guide distal to the fastener driver inserts into the pocket, sections C-C and D-D show a change in open channel geometry along the channel going toward the distal end. As a comparison of sections C-C and D-D shows, the cross-sectional area of open channel portion decreases from section C-C to section D- D. Also, heights of the channel walls decreases moving toward the distal end. As subsequent figures show, when in the fastener guide is in position to guide a fastener to

an end of a pocket 169, open channel portion 185 becomes substantially closed by abutting housing 57 and insertion into pocket 69. See FIG. 17C.

[0106] While the embodiment of fastener guide 153 shown in FIG. 16 is a preferred embodiment, many alternatives are possible to deliver a fastener from a feed magazine to an end of the pocket. For example, open channel portion 185 of the fastener guide may instead be closed. In another example, a single flexible tube with a muzzle-like distal opening provides a guided path from the feed magazine to a pocket end. Many alternatives in accord with the present invention are possible.

[0107] FIG. 17A-FIG. 17F illustrate a series of steps for forming a pocket joinery assembly according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention. Each figure in the series is schematic in nature, with many mechanical and other details omitted for the sake of clarity.

[0108] In FIG. 17A, clamp 55 restrains joinery member 33. When the joinery member is positioned against stop 151 and clamped, the joinery member is fixed relative to supporting surface 57. FIG. 17A shows router 61 after router head 154 has been rotationally displaced as illustrated by arrow 160. Following the arrow's sense, the router head is displaced through a predetermined arcuate router path 170 to extend from the housing through an opening and cut into the joinery member to form pocket 63 proximate to stop 151 and joinery member end 54. See FIG. 4 for a corresponding illustration. While an arcuate router path 170 is a preferred predetermined path, other predetermined paths including, but not limited to, linear paths may be utilized in accordance with the present invention.

[0109] In FIG. 17B, router head 154 is retracted from its position along the end of the pocket 169 by reversing its prior motion, as illustrated by arrow 161. Such reverse retraction or identical paths of ingress to and egress from the pocket is preferred because it requires that the router only have a single rotational degree of freedom of movement besides the rotation of spinning router head 154. Other retraction paths are possible; for example, paths that include translation or rotation out of the plane of FIG. 17B. Such paths, however, are disadvantageous in that they require the router to have additional

degrees of freedom of movement. Typically, additional degrees of freedom of movement require comparatively more complex and expensive coupling to the housing.

[OHO] Preferred embodiments have an in-plane relationship between motions of router 61, fastener guide 153, and fastener driving head 155, as shown in FIG. 17 A-FIG. 17F. The router and router head 154 are disposed and coupled to housing 158 such that the router has rotational freedom of movement to trace arcuate path 170. The fastener guide, in contrast, is disposed and coupled to the housing to have translational freedom of movement within the plane of the figures. Fastener driver 150, including the fastener driving head 155, fastener driver shaft 156, and in the illustrated embodiment, fastener driver motor 157, also is disposed and coupled to the housing to have translational freedom of movement within the plane of the figures.

[0111] Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 17B and subsequent figures, fastener guide 173 may translate along linear path 171, which linear path intersects arcuate path 170 at intersection 172. Other less preferred non-linear or out-of-plane paths are possible to effect a fastener emerging from the fastener guide to impact the end of the pocket 169. As well, fastener driver 150, including its head 155 and shaft 156, may translate along other paths consistent with the driver's translational freedom of movement. Many variations in accord with the invention are possible.

[0112] Particularly preferred embodiments dispose and couple fastener guide 153 and fastener driver 150 to housing 158 such that paths of ingress to pocket 63 and egress away from the pocket are co-linear with a path of ingress of a fastener along the fastener guide. Moreover, such a single linear path of ingress and egress intersects a single arcuate path 170 of ingress and egress of router 61. hi the embodiment shown in FIG. 17A-F, forming and dimensioning the fastener guide such that the fastener driver head and fastener driver shaft may extend through a portion of the guide enables such co- linearity. In different embodiments, the fastener guide and driver may move in unison, or may be capable of independent translation, as is the case for the example in FIG. 17A-F. Such co-linear, in-plane motions of the router, fastener guide, and fastener driver are

advantageous because they enable a compact close-coupled system having reduced size, hardware and cost.

[0113] FIG. 17C shows an exemplary positioning of fastener guide 153 relative to pocket 63 and housing 57. In general, the fastener guide is positioned such that a fastener emerging from the fastener guide impacts the end of the pocket 169. Here, as illustrated by arrow 162, the fastener guide advances by translation along path 171 to abut housing 57. Intersection 172 with the arcuate path of the router provides a reference for comparison to FIG. 17B. Once positioned as shown, closed channel 181 (see FIG. 16) and open channel 185 portion of the fastener guide in cooperation with the housing and the pocket form a substantially closed guide from a feed magazine to the end of the pocket. That is, part of the open channel portion of the fastener guide is substantially closed by abutment with the housing, and another part of the open channel portion near a distal tip is substantially enclosed by insertion into the pocket. Such a closed guide forms a segmented trajectory for a fastener.

[0114] FIG. 17D shows fastener 74 at three distinct times-of-flight along fastener guide 153. At a first time, the fastener is in a closed channel portion of the fastener guide. See 74' and FIG. 16. Subsequently, the fastener travels parallel to joinery member 33. At a second time just after exiting from the closed channel portion, the guide changes the fastener trajectory; turning it toward the joinery member. See 74". At a third time, the fastener emerges from or reaches a distal end of the fastener guide and impacts end of the pocket 169. See 74'".In the embodiment shown, fastener driver shaft 156 begins to turn as indicated by arrow 163 during the fastener's time-of-flight. This is in anticipation of translation of the fastener drive shaft as indicated by arrow 164 in FIG. 17E. Such rotation of the driver shaft prior to advancement toward the pocket is not essential, although some rotation is preferred prior to engaging a fastener.

[0115] As described above and illustrated by FIG. 17D, fastener 74 arrives at a distal end of fastener guide 153 to impact the end of the pocket 169. In some embodiments, the end of the pocket is a wall without a bore. Other embodiments, however, may have a bore as described in detail above. In embodiments with no bore, a tip or point 88 (see FIG. 13) of

the fastener impacts the end of the pocket and thereby comes into direct contact with joinery member material, hi embodiments with a bore, the point or tip will enter into the borehole and a portion of the fastener other than the point impacts the end of the pocket and comes into direct contact with joinery member material; for example shank 103 or curved portion 146 in the instance of the fastener shown in FIG. 13. hi each embodiment and for differing materials and fastener geometries, the force of propulsion is selected such that impact results in the fastener engaging with the joinery member and not bouncing off the end of the pocket.

[0116] To differing extents according to different embodiments, fastener 74 may be driven toward stop 151 and end 54 from an initial impact and engagement position. For embodiments with a bore, the fastener may have sufficient frictional engagement by virtue of impact to need no further driving, hi such a case, the fastener is stably positioned within the bore, intermediate the end of the pocket and the end of the joinery member. A shank portion of the fastener is in direct contact with the joinery member material, but a fastener tip or point is not in direct contact with joinery member material because of the opening of the bore. The intermediate position may also be proximate to ^• stop 151 and end 54 in some embodiments. See FIG. 7.

[0117] In embodiments without a bore, driving fastener 74 beyond the end of the pocket 169 is necessary. FIG. 17E illustrates fastener driver 150 advancing along a linear path indicated by arrow 164. Preferably, fastener driving head 155 and fastener driver shaft 156 are rotating, as indicated by arrow 163. While such rotation is not essential, it is advantageous because it eases engagement of the fastener driving head and the fastener. Once engaged, the fastener driver drives the fastener further toward end of the joinery member 54. Preferably, the position is proximate to the end of the joinery member. However, many positions between the end of the pocket 169 and the end of the joinery member are possible in accordance with the invention, hi all such embodiments, the fastener tip or point 88 is in direct contact with joinery member material because there is no bore opening. Other portions of the fastener beside the point are in direct contact with the joinery material as well because there is no borehole.

[0118] Finally, FIG. 17F shows retraction of fastener driver 150, including the head and shaft portions, and fastener guide 153. Double arrow 165 indicates the direction of mutual egress. Arcuate router path 170 is included as a reference to illustrate the close- coupled arrangement of router 61 and the fastener guide and driver. As mentioned before, such an arrangement lends size and cost advantages. Also, FIG. 17F shows release of the clamp along direction arrow 166, and removal of the pocket joinery assembly. As an assembly, fastener 74 is within pocket 63 and embedded in joinery member 33 such that point 88 is proximate end 54 of the joinery member. To join with another piece, all a user must do is position the pieces to be joined and apply torque to the fastener. The fastener point will emerge from the joinery member end and engage with a surface to be joined (not shown).

[0119] Advantageously, the intersecting-path configuration of Apparatus 139 provides for a pocket-forming/fastener-inserting device which is both compact and simplified in design. The intersecting-path configuration allows the cutting tool, fastener driver and fastener source to lay within and remain within the same general plane. Since the cutting tool swings away and out of the path of the fastener driver and thus allows the fastener driver to simply move along a linear path, there is no need to lift, displace, or otherwise move the cutting tool, fastener driver and fastener source out of the plane that is defined by arcuate path 170 and drive shaft 156.

[0120] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.