CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S Provisional Patent Application No.

62/864,280 filed June 20, 2019, entitled“ExoNET: A Soft Exoskeletal Network of Elastic, Nonlinear Torque Field Generators for Neurorehabilitation,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to assistive tools for regaining motor control during rehabilitation and, more specifically, to a device using multiple torque generating elements providing assistive torques to patients with motor deficits.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Simple exoskeletons have been used for several years as assistive and therapeutic tools for regaining motor control during rehabilitation. These devices employ a wide variety of modalities for torque generation at a joint, with each method holding its own unique advantages in human-robot interaction. Passive devices able to control joint torque stiffness using tension elements, moment arm adjustments, or mechanical reconfiguration have the potential to be simple, lightweight, non-intimidating, and inexpensive - all of which are sought-after advantages in the design of robots.

[0004] The MARIONET (Moment Arm Adjustment for Remote Induction of Net Effective Torque) is one such device which utilizes cables and moment arm manipulation to effectively generate torque in upper extremity motion. It belongs to a class of devices that use diagonal tension elements to exert torque on a joint. It varies the moment arm to control torque, rather than regulating the tension. It alters the moment arm by shifting the line of action of the tension element (often rotating its attachment along a circular path). This type of design can be useful for actuating an exoskeleton, providing gravity assistance for mobility, assisting the arm during therapy, or simply reducing the metabolic cost of walking. Moment arm adjustments can provide both positive and negative torque by moving to both sides of the joint's center of rotation. By placing spring origins in differing positions relative to the center of rotation, a variety of torque fields are possible that include unstable and even catastrophic phenomena. [0005] A MARIONET can also be an exo-tendon device, shedding the need for a rigid skeleton and instead relying on the underlying structure of the human operator. Such aspects make this design 'soft' and bring with it the advantages of being user-friendly, safe, and low cost. What required is to have such hardware embody the intelligence that was formerly found in the software. In addition, torque deficit profiles are often highly complex. As such, it is not possible for a single tension element to provide any desired torque across the full range of movement.

SUMMARY

[0006] In accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, a joint movement therapy and assistive device system comprises a torque profile device having a plurality of connecting components, a longitudinal axis, and a center, and each connecting component of the plurality of connecting components is disposed at a selected distance relative to the center and a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis. The system also includes at least one segment end; and a plurality of tensioning components removably and selectively secured to the plurality of connecting components of the torque profile device and the at least one segment end. The plurality of tensioning components form an additive torque profile when selectively secured between the torque profile device and the at least one segment end.

[0007] In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a torque rendering system for movement therapy comprises a plurality of tensioning components configured to form a torque profile over one or more muscle segments. The plurality of tensioning

components are selectively securable across the one or more muscle segments.

[0008] In accordance with yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of generating an additive torque profile in a joint movement therapy and assistive device system comprises selectively securing a proximal end of a tensioning component of a plurality of tensioning components to a connecting component of a torque profile device and a distal end of the tensioning component to a connecting device of at least one segment end. The method further comprises selectively securing a proximal end of another tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components to another connecting component of the torque profile device and a distal end of the tensioning component to the connecting device of the at least one segment end, such that the two tensioning components in a parallel and stacked arrangement relative to each other. [0009] Any one or more of the foregoing joint movement therapy and assistive device system, the torque rendering system for movement therapy, or the method of generating an additive torque profile in a joint movement therapy and assistive device system may include any one or more of the following additional features.

[0010] In one aspect, each tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components may include a proximal end and a distal end, and at least one proximal end may include a pin disposed in a connecting component of the plurality of connecting components of the torque profile device.

[0011] In another aspect, the plurality of connecting components may include at least one connecting component including a hole, and the pin may be disposed within the hole of the connecting component of the torque profile device.

[0012] In yet another aspect, the distal end of the at least one tensioning component may include a pin disposed in a connecting device of the at least one segment end.

[0013] In still another aspect, each connecting component of the plurality of connecting components may be disposed at a selected distance relative to the center of the torque profile device in a range from approximately 0.01 m to 0.15m.

[0014] In another aspect, each connecting component of the plurality of connecting components may be disposed at a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the torque profile device of one of less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees or more than 90 degrees.

[0015] In yet another aspect, the plurality of tensioning components may be stackable and configured to form at least one of non-linear torque profiles, stable and unstable configurations and bi-stability systems, and a mechanical replacement system for state-dependent control algorithms.

[0016] In another aspect, a proximal end of the at least one tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components may be disposed at a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the torque profile device in a range of approximately less than 90 degrees and the at least one tensioning component is a spring element.

[0017] In yet another aspect, the at least one segment end may comprise a first segment end, and at least one tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components may include a proximal end selectively secured to the torque profile device and a distal end selectively secured to the first segment end. Another tensioning component may include a proximal end selectively secured to the torque profile device and a distal end selectively secured to a second segment end. In addition, yet another tensioning component may include a proximal end selectively secured to the second segment end and a distal end selectively secured to the first segment end.

[0018] In another aspect, the first segment end may be configured to be disposed on a wrist. In addition, the second segment end may be configured to be disposed on an elbow, and the torque profile device may be configured to be disposed on a shoulder.

[0019] In yet another aspect, the plurality of tensioning components may include a first tensioning component configured to be disposed across the shoulder and the elbow, a second tensioning component configured to be disposed across the elbow and the wrist, and a stack of tensioning components including a pair of tensioning components. The pair of tensioning components may be configured to be disposed across the shoulder and the wrist.

[0020] According to yet another aspect, the second segment end may include a plurality of connecting components, a longitudinal axis, and a center. Each connecting component may be disposed at a selected distance relative to the center and a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and at least one connecting component may include a hole.

[0021] In another aspect, each connecting component of the plurality of connecting components of the second segment end may be disposed at a selected distance relative to the center of the second segment end in a range from approximately 0.01 m to 0.15m.

[0022] In another aspect, the plurality of tensioning components may be configured to be selectively secured to one or more of a torque profile device, a first segment end, and a second segment end of a joint movement therapy and assistive device system.

[0023] In yet another aspect, the at least one tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components may be configured to be selectively securable across a muscle segment of an elbow and a muscle segment of a wrist.

[0024] In another aspect, the plurality of tensioning components may include a first tensioning component configured to be selectively securable across a muscle segment of a shoulder and the muscle segment of the elbow, a second tensioning component configured to be selectively securable across the muscle segment of the elbow and the muscle segment of the wrist, and a stack of tensioning components including one or more of a pair of tensioning components configured to be selectively securable across the muscle segment of the shoulder and the muscle segment of the wrist. [0025] In yet another aspect, the at least one segment end may be a first segment end, and the method may further comprise selectively securing a proximal end of another tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components to another connecting component of the torque profile device and a distal end of the same tensioning component to a connecting component of a second segment end.

[0026] According to another aspect, the at least one segment end is a first segment end, and the method may further comprise selectively securing a proximal end of another tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components to a connecting component of a second segment end and a distal end of the same tensioning component to the connecting device of the first segment end.

[0027] In another aspect, selectively securing a proximal end of a tensioning component of a plurality of tensioning components to a connecting component of a torque profile device and a distal end of the tensioning component to a connecting device of at least one segment end may comprise selectively securing a pin of the proximal end of the tensioning component to a hole of the torque profile device and a pin of the distal end of the tensioning component to the connecting device of the at least one segment end.

[0028] In yet another aspect, selectively securing a proximal end of another tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components to another connecting component of the torque profile device and a distal end of the tensioning component to the connecting device of the at least one segment end may comprise selectively securing a pin of the proximal end of the tensioning component to another hole of the torque profile device and a pin of the distal end of the tensioning component to the connecting device of the at least one segment end.

[0029] Various advantages of the present disclosure are specifically described below in reference to the exemplary embodiments, or conceptually embodied therein. The drawings and description herein are provided to merely illustrate examples of the general concepts discussed throughout the present disclosure. Numerous changes and modifications can be made, as known to those of skill in the art, without departing from the general principles set forth herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] These and other features and advantages of the various exemplary embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood with respect to the following description and drawings, in which: [0031] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a joint movement therapy and assistive device system according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 2 is a perspective view of another joint movement therapy and assistive device system according to another aspect of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 3 is a graph depicting results of a desired torque profile and an actual torque profile generated by the joint movement therapy and assistive device system of Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 4 is a graph depicting results of a desired torque profile and an actual torque profile generated by the joint movement therapy and assistive device system of Figure 2; and

[0035] Figure 5 is a perspective view of a gravity compensation field generated by the joint movement therapy and assistive device system of Figure 2 compared to gravitational demand.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of certain exemplary embodiments of various system components constructed in accordance with the principles herein. These examples are not intended to represent the only embodiments or forms that may be developed or utilized according to these principles. It is further understood that the use of relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities.

[0037] Generally, a joint movement therapy and assistive device system in accordance with the principles herein may employ an inherent sinusoidal torque profile, whose phase and intensity can be adjusted simply by locating proper attachment points. Because of this flexibility, it is possible to use multiple MARIONETs, each mathematically used as a basis function. By combining the torques of these tension elements in parallel (i.e., stacking MARIONETs), one may approximate any torque function by linear sum of the contribution of elements, much like a finite Fourier series or a radial basis function network. Moreover, the tension elements can eliminate the need for motors and controllers, allowing the hardware to embody the intelligence that was formerly found in the software, as explained more below.

[0038] Referring now to Figure 1 , an exemplary joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 according to one aspect of the present disclosure is depicted. The system 10 may also be referred to as an ExoNET, which is an Exoskeletal Network for Elastic Torque system. The joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 can work across multiple joints anywhere on the user, while still being user friendly.

[0039] The design of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10, e.g., the ExoNET, is driven by the need for a lightweight, simple, customizable device that provides any arbitrarily chosen torque profile to multiple joints. The system 10 is an exo-tendon device that utilizes diagonal tension elements to render torque for specified upper extremity movements, in one example, as explained more below.

[0040] In its simplest prototype form of Figure 1 , the ExoNET consists of adjustable pins positioned some distance from a proximal end of an arm segment (joint-to-joint). Each pin is fixed on one end of a diagonal tensioning element, such as a spring element, which is capable of stretching when the distance between pins changes. The location of the pin is specified by its radius and angle in relation to the center of rotation of the joint proximal to the segment it acts upon. A change in the tensioning element’s radius or angle leads to a change in the

corresponding joint's moment arm, leading to torque production.

[0041] More specifically, and as depicted in Figure 1 , the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 includes a torque profile device 12 having a plurality of connecting components 14 disposed at a selected distance and a selected angle from a center C of the torque profile device 12. The center C of the torque profile device 12 may correspond to a center of rotation of a joint on which the torque profile device 12 is disposed, such as an elbow joint or a shoulder joint, as explained more below. The system 10 further includes at least one segment end 16 and a torque rendering system having at least one tensioning component 18. The at least one tensioning component 18 is selectively and removably secured to a connecting component 20 of the torque profile device 12 and the at least one segment end 16. So configured, the at least one tensioning component 18 forms a torque profile, such as an additive torque profile, when secured between and across the torque profile device 12 and the at least one segment end 16.

[0042] The at least one tensioning component 18 and any additional tensioning component that may be added to the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 includes a proximal end 19a and a distal end 19b. In one example, the proximal end 19a of the tensioning component 18 includes a pin 22a and the distal end 19b of the tensioning component 18 also includes a pin 22b. When the at least one tensioning component 18 is selectively secured to the torque profile device 12, the pin 22a of the tensioning component 18 is disposed in one of the connecting components 20 of the plurality of connecting components 14 of the torque profile device 12. In one example, and as depicted in Figure 1 , the connecting component 20 may be a hole or an aperture that receives the pin 22a of the proximal end 19a of the tensioning component 18. In this example, the pin 22a is disposed a distance R from the center of the torque profile device 12, such as the center of rotation. As will be appreciated, the pin 22a may be easily removed from one of the connecting components 20 and to another connecting component 20 depending upon the torque desired for a user of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10. In a similar manner, the pin 22b of the distal end 19b of the tensioning component 18 may be disposed in and/or coupled to a connecting device 24 of the segment end 16. In this example, the segment end 16 is configured to be disposed on a wrist of a user, such as on a wrist joint or on or near a muscle segment of the user’s wrist. In addition, the torque profile device 12 is configured to be disposed on an elbow of the user, such as on an elbow joint or on or near a muscle segment of the user’s elbow. Because the tensioning component 18 is selectively secured to each of the torque profile device 18 and the segment end 16, the tensioning component 18 is selectively securable between and across the elbow or a muscle segment of the elbow and the wrist or a muscle segment of the wrist in this example.

[0043] As will be appreciated the connecting device 24 may be any connecting device known to secure parts together. For example, the connecting device 24 may include a hole or an aperture into which the pin 22b of the distal end 19b of the tensioning component 18 is disposed. Alternatively, the connecting device 24 may be another fixture that receives the pin 22b or another component of the distal end 19b of the tensioning component 18. In addition, the connecting device 24 may include any other fastener capable of securing the distal end 19b of the tensioning component 18 to the segment end 16.

[0044] In addition, and still referring to Figure 1 , the torque profile device 12 includes a body 26 in which the plurality of connecting components 14 and the center C is disposed. In one example, the plurality of connecting components 14 may be disposed around the center C of the torque profile device 12, forming a pattern of rings of the connecting components 14, as depicted in Figure 1 . The connecting components 20 may be disposed equidistantly from each other and around the C of the torque profile device 12. Alternatively, the connecting

components 20 may form any other type of pattern in the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 or be randomly disposed in the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 not according to any pattern and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, each connecting component 20 of the plurality of connecting components 14 is disposed a selected distance, such as R, from the center C of the torque profile device 12 in a range from approximately 0.01 m to 0.15m.

[0045] Further, the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 further includes a longitudinal axis X. Each connecting component 20 of the torque profile device 12 is disposed at a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis X of the torque profile device 12 of one of less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees, or more than 90 degrees. In addition, the pin 22a of the proximal end 19a of the tensioning component 18 is disposed at an angle theta relative to and/or from the longitudinal axis X of the torque profile device 12. This angle of the pin 22a relative to the longitudinal axis may be less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees, or more than 90 degrees, depending upon the connecting component 20 in which the pin 22a of the tensioning component 18 is disposed, for example.

[0046] Still further, the at least one tensioning component 18 and any other additional tensioning components that may be added to the system 10, such as in a parallel or a stacked arrangement with the at least one tensioning component 18, may be a spring element. Such a spring element has an elasticity that enables a body of the tensioning component 18 to be stretched and/or releasably moved to various connecting components 20 on the torque profile device 12, for example. This enables the system 10 to be flexibly adapted to a size and shape of a user, such that the needed torque profile for the user may be generated. In the example of Figure 1 , the tensioning component 18 may be an arm link, and Phi is the angle of the arm link, e.g., the tensioning component, is disposed relative to the longitudinal axis X. It will be appreciated that the at least one tensioning component 18 (and any other additional tensioning component 18) may alternatively take the form of any other element and/or be comprised of one or more materials having an elasticity that allows the tensioning component 18 to function as described above and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0047] The body 26 is generally rectangular in shape but may alternatively take the form of one or more various other shapes, such as a circle, a semi-circle, square, or triangle. In one example, the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 is a board that positions each pin.

Alternatively, the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 may include many other forms, shapes, and sizes different from a board and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0048] In accordance with the principles herein, the aim of this joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10, e.g., the ExoNET system, is to generate a desired, task-specific torque profile for any user. Torque for the tensioning component 18, such as the spring element, is a product of the moment arm and force of the at least one tensioning component 18. The moment arm of each tensioning component 18 is a function of the location of the pin 22a of the tensioning component 18 on the body 26 of the torque profile device 12 and the angle of the tensioning component 18 relative to the longitudinal axis X. Here, a spring force of the tensioning component 18 is most simply governed by Hooke’s Law, but this may be expanded to allow for nonlinear stiffness model or shift in resting length.

[0049] Using combinations of or“stacks” of the tensioning elements 18, this forms network of parallel torque-producing elements, and hence this is referred to as ExoNET, which capitalizes on their behavior as basis functions. This results in a sum of all torque profiles from each element, providing any unique output, personalized for the user.

[0050] More specifically, and referring now to Figure 2, another joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 is depicted, which may be referred to as a Multi-ExoNET system. The joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 is similar to the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 of Figure 1 , with some additions. For example, the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 of Figure 2 includes a torque rendering system 1 15 having a plurality of tensioning components 1 17. The system 100 also includes a second segment end 128, as explained more below. Parts of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 of Figure 2 that are the same as or similar to parts of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 of Figure 1 have reference numbers 100 more than the references numbers in Figure 1 , for example.

[0051] As depicted in Figure 2, the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 includes a torque profile device 1 12 having a plurality of connecting components 1 14 disposed at a selected distance and a selected angle from a center C of the torque profile device 1 12.

The center C of the torque profile device 1 12 may correspond to a center of rotation of a joint on which the torque profile device 12 is disposed, such as an elbow joint or a shoulder joint, as explained more below. The system 100 further includes at least one segment end 1 16 and the plurality of tensioning components 1 17. The plurality of tensioning components 1 17 are stackable and configured to form non-linear torque profiles, stable and unstable configurations, and bi-stability systems, and a mechanical replacement system for state-dependent control algorithms. In addition, the at least one segment end 1 16 is a first segment end 1 16, and the system 100 also includes a second segment end 128. In this example, the first segment end 1 16 is disposed on a wrist or a muscle segment of the wrist of the user, and the second segment end 128 is disposed on an elbow or a muscle segment of the elbow of the user, as depicted in Figure 2. In addition, the torque profile device 1 12 is disposed on a shoulder or a muscle segment of the shoulder, as also depicted in Figure 2. While such parts of the system 100 are disposed on various upper extremity areas of the human body, the system 100 may alternatively and/or additionally be used with other areas of the human body, such as lower extremity areas and joints, including a knee and ankle, for example.

[0052] Each tensioning component of the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 is selectively and removably secured to a connecting component 120 of the torque profile device 1 12 and one of the first segment end 1 16 and the second segment end 128 or to the first segment 1 16 and the second segment 128, as explained more below. So configured, the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 forms a torque profile, such as an additive torque profile. Specifically, the torque profile is generated when the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 are secured between and across the torque profile device 1 12 and one of the first segment end 1 16 and the second segment end 128 or between the first segment end 1 16 and the second segment end 128.

[0053] In this example, the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 includes a first tensioning component 1 18a disposed across the shoulder or a muscle segment of the shoulder and the elbow or a muscle segment of the elbow. A second tensioning component 1 18b is disposed across the elbow or the muscle segment of the elbow and the wrist or the muscle segment of the wrist. The plurality of tensioning components 1 17 also includes a stack of tensioning components including a pair of tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d. The pair of tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d are disposed across the shoulder or the muscle segment of the shoulder and the wrist or the muscle segment of the wrist.

[0054] Each tensioning component 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d includes a proximal end 1 19a and a distal end 1 19b. In one example, the proximal end 1 19a includes a pin 122a and the distal end 1 19b also includes a pin 22b. When the first tensioning component 1 18a is selectively secured to the torque profile device 1 12, the pin 122a of the tensioning component 1 18 is disposed in one of the connecting components 120 of the plurality of connecting components 1 14 of the torque profile device 1 12. In one example, and as depicted in Figure 2, the connecting component 120 may be a hole or an aperture that receives the pin 122a of the proximal end 1 19a of the tensioning component 1 18a. In this example, the pin 122a is disposed a distance R from the center C of the torque profile device 1 12, such as the center of rotation of the joint. As will be appreciated, the pin 122a may be easily removed from one of the connecting components 120 and to another connecting component 120 depending upon the torque desired for a user of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100. In a similar manner, the pin 122b of the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18a may be disposed in and/or coupled to a connecting device 130 of the second segment end 128.

Because the tensioning component 1 18a is selectively secured to each of the torque profile device 1 12 and the second segment end 128, the tensioning component 1 18a is selectively securable between and across the shoulder or the muscle segment of the shoulder and the elbow or a muscle segment of the elbow in this example.

[0055] When the second tensioning component 1 18b is selectively secured to the second segment end 128, the pin 122a of the tensioning component 1 18b is disposed in a connecting component 121 of the second segment end 128. More specifically, and like the torque profile device 1 12, the second segment end 128 may also include a plurality of connecting components 121. The connecting component 121 may be a hole or an aperture that receives the pin 122a of the second tensioning component 1 18b. As will be appreciated, the pin 122a may be easily removed from one of the connecting components 121 and to another connecting component 121 depending upon the torque desired for a user of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100. In a similar manner, the pin 122b of the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18b may be disposed in and/or coupled to a connecting device 124 of the first segment end 1 16. Because the tensioning component 1 18b is selectively secured to each of the second segment end 128 and the first segment end 1 16, the tensioning component 1 18b is selectively securable between and across the elbow or a muscle segment of the elbow and the wrist or the muscle segment of the wrist in this example.

[0056] Still referring to Figure 2, when the stack of tensioning components, such as the pair of tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d, is selectively secured to the torque profile device 1 12, the pins 122a (not shown) of the tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d are disposed in one of the connecting components 120 of the plurality of connecting components 1 14 of the torque profile device 1 12. As will be appreciated, the pins 122a may be easily removed from one of the connecting components 120 and to another connecting component 120 depending upon the torque desired for a user of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100. In a similar manner, the pin 122b of the distal ends 1 19b of the tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d may be disposed in and/or coupled to the connecting device 124 of the first segment end 1 16. Because the tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d are selectively secured to each of the torque profile device 1 12 and the first segment end 1 16, the stacked pair of tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d are selectively securable between and across the shoulder or the muscle segment of the shoulder and the wrist or a muscle segment of the wrist in this example. [0057] As will be appreciated the connecting device 124 may be any connecting device known to secure parts together. For example, the connecting device 124 may include a hole or an aperture into which the pin 122b of the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d is disposed. Alternatively, the connecting device 124 may be another member that receives the pin 122b or another component of the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18. The connecting device 124 may include any other type of fastener capable of securing the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d to the first segment end 1 16.

[0058] In addition, and still referring to Figure 2, the body 126 of the torque profile device 1 12 includes the plurality of connecting components 1 14 and the center C. In one example, the plurality of connecting components 1 14 may be disposed around the center C of the torque profile device 1 12, forming a pattern of rings of the connecting components 1 14, as depicted in Figure 1. The connecting components 120 may be disposed equidistantly from each other and around the center C of the torque profile device 1 12. Alternatively, the connecting components 120 may form any other type of pattern in the body 126 of the torque profile device 1 12 or be randomly disposed in the body 126 of the torque profile device 1 12 without any pattern and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, each connecting component 120 of the plurality of connecting components 1 14 is disposed a selected distance, such as R, from the center C of the torque profile device 1 12 in a range from approximately 0.01 m to 0.15m.

[0059] Further, the body 126 of the torque profile device 12 also includes a longitudinal axis X. Each connecting component 120 of the torque profile device 12 is disposed at a selected angle relative to the longitudinal axis X of the torque profile device 1 12 of one of less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees, or greater than 90 degrees. In addition, the pin 122a of the proximal ends 1 19a of the tensioning components 1 18a, 1 18c, 1 18d is disposed at an angle theta relative to and/or from the longitudinal axis X of the torque profile device 1 12. This angle of the pin 122a relative to the longitudinal axis may be less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees, or more than 90 degrees, depending upon the connecting component 120 in which the pin 122a of the tensioning component 18 is disposed, for example. In addition, the body 126 is generally rectangular in shape, but may alternatively take the form of one or more various other shapes, such as a circle, a semi-circle, square, or triangle and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In one example, the body 126 of the torque profile device 1 12 is a board, but may include any other different form and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0060] Still further, each tensioning component 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d of the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 may be a spring element. The spring element has an elasticity that enables a body of the tensioning component 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d to be stretched and/or releasably moved to various connecting components 120 on the torque profile device 1 12, for example. This enables the system 100 to be flexibly adapted to a size and shape of a user, such that the needed torque profile for the user may be generated. It will be appreciated that the tensioning component 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d may alternatively take the form of another element different from the spring element, for example, and/or be comprised of one or more materials having an elasticity that allows the tensioning component 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d to function as described above and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0061] Referring to the second segment 128, the second segment end 128 may include a body 129 having the connecting components 121 disposed around and in the body 129. In one example, and similar to the connecting components 1 14 of the torque profile device 1 12, the plurality of connecting components 121 of the second segment end 128 may be disposed around the center C of the second segment end 128, forming a ring of connecting components 121. The connecting components 121 may be disposed equidistantly from each other and around the center C of the second segment end 128. Alternatively, the connecting components 121 may be disposed in the body 129 of the second segment end 128 in any other manner and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, each connecting component 121 may be disposed a selected distance, such as R, from the center C of the second segment end 128 in a range of approximately 0.01 m to 0.15m.

[0062] Further, the body 129 of the second segment end also includes a longitudinal axis Y, and each connecting component 121 of the second segment end 128 is disposed at a selected angle of one of less than 90 degrees, 90 degrees, or more than 90 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis Y of the second segment end 128. In addition, the pin 122a of the tensioning component 1 18b may be disposed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis Y, such as at an angle of less than 90 degrees. This angle depends upon the location of the connecting component 121 in which the pin 122a or other end of the tensioning component 1 18b is disposed, for example. In this example, the body 129 is generally circular in shape, but alternatively may take the form of various other shapes, in whole or in part, and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0063] The system 100 may also include a first strap 150 to which the torque profile device 1 12 may be attached. The first strap 150 may be attached to a patient for use of the system 100, for example. In one example, and as depicted in Figure 2, the first strap 150 is removably secured to a shoulder of a patient. The system 100 may also include a second strap 152 that is adapted to be disposed around a waist of a patient user in the example of Figure 2. The second strap 152 is coupled to the first strap 150 and may provide further support to another component of the system 100, such as the second segment end 128.

[0064] Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, the joint movement therapy and assistive device systems 10, 100 was tested to determine if the system 10, 100 can approximate a desired torque profile. For this example, a profile that substitutes the torque equivalent to that of the brachioradialis muscle was chosen, assuming that tension in that muscle is constant. The orthotic goal is to make up for deficits associated with a paretic muscle. The ability of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system, e.g., the ExoNET, to match this desired torque profile was tested, approximated by our single or multiple "stacked" configuration, as depicted in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.

[0065] Simple function minimization can be used to determine the optimal spring anchor positions. Since it is not realistic to anchor the tensioning component, such as a spring element, at a very large or very small radius, the selected range of possible radii values was constrained between 0.01 m and 0.15 m for the exemplary embodiments, as explained more above. Other ranges may provide suitable solutions as well in accordance with the principles herein. This global optimization process aims to minimize the cost given by the summed squared errors between the desired profile and the one calculated through the ExoNET system. Further regularization terms can be added to the cost function to limit or constrain other factors that serve other needs.

[0066] Specifically, the optimization results of Figure 3 depict the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10 using one tensioning component 18. The desired torque profile generated by the optimization is represented in a solid line, and the actual torque profile generated by the tensioning component 18 is represented in a dashed line. The average error between the desired torque profile and the actual torque profile generated by the single tensioning component 18, for example, was 0.24577 Nm, with a variance of 0.019887.

[0067] Referring now to Figure 4, the optimization results of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 using multiple, such as three, tensioning components 1 18, for example, is depicted. Again, the desired torque profile generated by the optimization is represented in a solid line, and the actual torque profile generated by the tensioning component 18 is represented in a dashed line. In this example, the average error between the desired torque profile and the actual torque profile generated by the multiple tensioning components 1 18 is 0.08936m with a variance of 0.00391 , which is much less than the single tensioning component results depicted in Figure 3, for example.

[0068] Referring now to Figure 5, the ability of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 to cancel gravity was tested in a multi-joint application, using the tensioning components 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d, such as elastic elements, that cross the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and both shoulder and elbow. Using an anthropomorphic model of body segment parameters of geometry and mass distribution of a 50th percentile male, the optimization was broadened to fit all parameters of all tensioning components crossing all joints to minimize the mean square error of torque at a set of positions in the workspace.

[0069] The capability of the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 for generating a gravity compensation is depicted as a vector field in Figure 5. In particular, a four dimensional display of the effect of the system’s compensation at various workspace positions is depicted. The field generated by the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 is depicted in a dashed line arrow format and almost perfectly matches the actual gravitational demand, which is depicted in a solid line arrow format. This is illustrated by the essentially overlapping arrows of the actual gravitational demand and the gravitational field generated by the system 100. Thus, the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 100 is able to provide excellent and highly accurate compensation for the weight of a user’s arm, for example.

[0070] While the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10, 100 is depicted in the figures on a user’s arm, it will be understood that the joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10, 100 may alternatively be used on another joint system, such as a user’s knee and ankle and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0071] Moreover, and at least in view of the foregoing, it will also be understood that the joint movement therapy and assistive device 100 may generate a torque profile according to the following exemplary method. More specifically, a method of generating a torque profile, such as an additive torque profile, in the joint movement therapy and assistive device 100 comprises selectively securing the proximal end 19a, 1 19a of at least one tensioning component 18, 1 18a, 1 18c, 1 18d to the connecting component 20, 120 of the torque profile device 12, 1 12.

[0072] The method also includes selectively securing the distal end 19b, 1 19b of the at least one tensioning component 18, 1 18c, 1 18d to the connecting device 24, 124 of the segment ends 16, 1 16. The method also includes selectively securing a proximal end 1 19a of another tensioning component 1 18c, 1 18d of the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 to another connecting component 120 of the torque profile device 1 12 and the distal end 1 19b of the tensioning component 1 18c, 1 18d to the connecting device 124 of the at least one segment end 16, 1 16. In this way, the two tensioning components 1 18c, 1 18d are in a parallel and stacked arrangement relative to each other.

[0073] In addition, when the at least one segment end is the first segment end 1 16, the method may also comprise selectively securing the proximal end 1 19a of another tensioning component 1 18a of the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 to another connecting

component 120 of the torque profile device 1 12 and a distal end 1 19b of the same tensioning component 1 18a to the connecting component 121 of the second segment end 128.

[0074] Further, when the at least one segment end 1 16 is the first segment end 1 16, the method comprises selectively securing the proximal end 1 19a of another tensioning component 1 18b of the plurality of tensioning components 1 17 to the connecting component 121 of the second segment end 128 and the distal end 1 19b of the same tensioning component 1 18b to the connecting device 124 of the first segment end 1 16.

[0075] In view of the foregoing, several advantages of the systems and method of the present disclosure will be understood. The joint movement therapy and assistive device system 10, 100, e.g., the ExoNET, has successfully demonstrated its ability to provide torques for gravity compensation and error augmentation applications. The system 10, 100 can provide effective compensation for deficits in upper extremity movement and also has the potential to be easy to use for both clinician and patient, leading to a greater chance for clinical acceptance. The system’s adjustable tensioning components 18, 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, and 1 18d, e.g., spring elements, eliminate the need for motors and controllers, which makes the device user-friendly, safe, non-intimidating, and low-cost. The system 10, 100 also can fit into a large variety of anthropometric dimensions so as to be easily used on a greater number of people.

[0076] The expansion of the original MARIONET concept to a combination of diagonal tensioning components 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d sheds light on new capabilities for a simple design. The system 10, 100 now represents a simple customizable tool capable of providing assistive torques to patients with motor deficits. The motivation behind this device is to allow therapists to easily assemble and adjust the ExoNET system 10, 100 depending on an individual patient’s unique motor deficits.

[0077] Additionally, designs constructed in accordance with the principles herein aim to fit into a large variety of anthropometric dimensions to be easily used on a greater number of people. This exotendon network of "stacked" tensioning components 1 18a, 1 18b, 1 18c, 1 18d has the potential to be used for the actuation of several joints, can deliver non-linear torque fields, allow for stable and unstable configurations and bi-stability, and can even mechanically replace some state-dependent control algorithms. This represents a shift of the intelligent aspects of control from the software programs to the physical hardware, which may be a sleek, economical solution for actuator designs that advance human neurorehabilitation technology.

[0078] Although the foregoing text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the invention may be defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment, as describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. One could implement numerous alternate embodiments, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims.

[0079] Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.

[0080] As used herein any reference to“one embodiment” or“an embodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase“in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

[0081] As used herein, the terms“comprises,”“comprising,”“may include,”“including,”“has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary,“or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0082] In addition, use of the“a” or“an” are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the description. This description, and the claims that follow, should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also may include the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

[0083] This detailed description is to be construed as examples and does not describe every possible embodiment, as describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. One could implement numerous alternate embodiments, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this application.

[0084] Variations of the specific device configurations shown and described herein are within the scope of the principles of the present disclosure, and are included in all claims deriving therefrom.