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Title:
A LAST FOR FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2023/284929
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
The invention relates to a last for footwear production, wherein the last (10) comprises: - a last body (16), and - a heel body part (18), wherein said heel body part (18) is configured to be movable in relation to the last 5 body part, and wherein the last (10) further comprises a forefoot body part (20), said forefoot body part (20) being configured to be movable in relation to the last body (10). The heel body part (18) and/or the forefoot body part (20) is/are configured to be movable in relation to the last body (16) by at least one coupling arrangement (22), wherein said at least one coupling arrangement (22) is configured such that the heel 10 body part (18) and the forefoot body part (20) are at least partly movable towards each other. Further, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a footwear.

Inventors:
MARQUES JOSÉ AUGUSTO (DK)
Application Number:
PCT/DK2022/050160
Publication Date:
January 19, 2023
Filing Date:
July 15, 2022
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
ECCO SKO AS (DK)
International Classes:
A43D3/02
Domestic Patent References:
WO2018149950A12018-08-23
WO2018149949A12018-08-23
Foreign References:
US1496091A1924-06-03
US3203050A1965-08-31
US10874171B12020-12-29
US1496186A1924-06-03
US0790128A1905-05-16
US2426810A1947-09-02
DE10319593A12003-11-27
US3203050A1965-08-31
US1071901A1913-09-02
DE10319593A12003-11-27
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
PATENTGRUPPEN A/S (DK)
Download PDF:
Claims:
Patent Claims 1. A last for footwear production, wherein the last (10) comprises: - a last body (16), and - a heel body part (18), wherein said heel body part (18) is configured to be movable in relation to the last body, and wherein the last (10) further comprises a forefoot body part (20), said forefoot body part (20) being configured to be movable in relation to the last body (16), wherein said heel body part (18) and/or said forefoot body part (20) is/are configured to be movable in relation to the last body (16) by at least one coupling arrangement (22), wherein said at least one coupling arrangement (22) is configured such that said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) are at least partly movable towards each other. 2. The last according to claim 1, wherein the last comprises an open position and an operational position. 3. The last according to claim 2, wherein said heel body part (18) in said open position of the last has been moved at least partly towards a toe end (26) of the last and wherein said forefoot body part (20) has been moved at least partly towards a heel end (28) of the last (10). 4. The last according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the last further comprises a lower surface (24), wherein the lower surface (24) has a toe end (26) and a heel end (28), wherein the lower surface (24) has a length (TL) between the toe end (26) and the heel end (28), and wherein the length (TL2) of the lower surface (24) in open position is shorter than the length (TL) of the lower surface (24) in operational position.

5. The last according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the length (TL2) of the lower surface (24) in open position is between 2-10%, such as between 4-8%, such as between 5-7% shorter than the length (TL) of the lower surface (24) in operational position. 6. The last according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the length (TL2) of the lower surface (24) in open position is at least 4% shorter than the length (TL) of the lower surface (24) in operational position. 7. The last according to any of claims 1-6, wherein said forefoot body part (18) in an open position of the last is inclined by an angle (a) in relation to said lower surface (24), wherein said angle is at least 5°. 8. The last according to claim 7, wherein said angle (a) formed by said forefoot body part (18) in relation to said lower surface (24) is at least 10°, such as at least 15°, such as at least 20° or such as at least 25°. 9. The last according to any of claims 1-8, wherein said forefoot body part (18) has a length (TLF) from the toe end (26) and in a direction along the lower surface (24), which is at least 10%, alternatively at least 20% or alternatively at least 30% of the length of the lower surface (24) in operational position. 10. The last according to any of claims 1-9, wherein said last (10) has a girth measurement at a high instep position (D) that in an open position is less than or equal to the girth measurement at the high instep position (D) in closed position, e.g. operational position, of the last. 11. The last according to any of claims 1-10, wherein said last (10) has a girth measurement from back of heel to instep (H) that in an open position is less than the girth measurement from back of heel to instep (H) in closed position, e.g. operational position, of the last.

12. The last according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the coupling arrangement (22) is made of metal, e.g. steel. 13. The last according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the coupling arrangement (22) comprises a linked bar mechanism (40). 14. The last according to any of claims 1-13, wherein the coupling arrangement (22) comprises a heel bar (42) and a forefoot bar (44), which are each pivotably attached to the last body (16) at an intermediate position and mutually linked at one end of the heel bar and the forefoot bar, respectively, and where the other end of the heel bar (42) and the forefoot bar (44), respectively, is linked to the heel body part (18) and the forefoot body part (20), respectively. 15. The last according to any of claims 1-14, wherein the coupling arrangement is held together by pins for rotation. 16. The last according to any of claims 1-15, wherein said forefoot bar (44) is arranged in an open position of the last to be inclined in an angle (b) in relation to said lower surface (24), wherein said angle is at least 10°, such as least 20°, such as at least 30°, such as at least 40° or such as at least 45°. 17. The last according to any of claims 1-16, wherein the last (10) is configured for ballerina, pumps, slip-on shoes and/or boots. 18. The last according to any of claims 1-17, wherein said last (10) is configured for independent movement of said forefoot body part (20). 19. The last according to any of claims 1-18, wherein said last (10) is configured for independent movement of said heel body part (18).

20. The last according to any of claims 1-19, wherein said last (10) comprises a decoupling arrangement for decoupling movements of said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20). 21. The last according to any of claims 1-20, wherein said decoupling arrangement for decoupling movements of said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) is at least partly integrated with said coupling arrangement (22). 22. A method for manufacturing a footwear, comprising the steps of - providing a last (10) for footwear production according to any of claims 1-21, - moving at least one of said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) in relation to said last body (16) from an operational position of the last, - applying a footwear upper (30) to the last (10), - returning said at least one of said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) to bring the last to its operational position. 23. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to claim 22, wherein said method comprises the step of - activation of at least one coupling arrangement (22) for moving said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) in relation to said last body (16) from an operational position of the last. 24. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-23, wherein said method comprises the step of - deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement (22) for returning said heel body part (18) and said forefoot body part (20) to bring the last to its operational position. 25. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-24, wherein said activation and/or said deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement (22) is mediated via operation of an operator rod (70).

26. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-25, wherein said activation and/or said deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement (22), mediated via said operation of a said operator rod (70), comprises moving said heel body part (18) by said operator rod (70). 27. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-26, wherein the method further comprises applying a footwear sole to the footwear upper. 28. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-27, wherein the method comprises applying a sole to the upper by direct injection process. 29. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-28, wherein the direct injection process comprises direct injection process material. 30. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to claim 29, wherein the direct injection process material is TPR, PVC, EVA, TPU and/or PU. 31. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to claim 29, wherein the direct injection material is PU. 32. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-31, wherein the sole comprises TPR, PVC, EVA, TPU and/or PU. 33. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-32, wherein the footwear upper comprises leather. 34. Method for manufacturing a footwear according to any of claims 22-33, wherein the footwear upper comprises textile.

Description:
A LAST FOR FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURING Field of the invention The present invention relates to a last for footwear manufacturing and a method for manufacturing a footwear. Background of the invention The manufacturing of footwear is often a mass production process still involving manually performed tasks by footwear manufacturers. This is especially the case in relation to a manufacturing process where the footwear upper is put on a last for the manufacturing of a sole e.g. by direct injection molding, where a molten material is injected into a mould and the molten material expands inside the mould in order so that the cured molten material provides a sole assembly which is bonded to the upper. Thus, there is a need for cheaper and more flexible alternatives for footwear manufacturing, e.g. where the manual tasks such as in relation to lasting may be facilitated and/or made easier to perform. In the prior, art examples of lasts have been disclosed, wherein a heel body part may be movable in order to ease the lasting of an upper. Such an example is disclosed in DE 10319593 A1, wherein a heel body part is configured to be moved a distance down along a curved path, whereby the lower part of the heel body part is below the lower part of the last body and slightly towards a forefoot of the last. By this prior art last the positioning of the upper may be facilitated, as the distance from toe to heel of the last is slightly reduced, when the heel body part has been moved. Further, US 3203050 A discloses a shoe last for manual manufacture of soles upon uppers, where the last has a last block, a pivotal toe block that is hinged to the last block by a hinge and a heel block that is movably connected to the last block. The movement of the toe block and the heel block is effected with a leverage mechanism comprising a lever that via a link can move the heel block along a path and where the heel block and the toe block are connected with a further link. Thus, with the last positioned upside down, a movement of the lever upwards, from a closed position to an opened position, will effect that the heel block slides upwards and closer to the toe end, while the toe block pivots downwards and vice versa. Thus, the movement of the lever upwards will effect a pivoting movement of the heel block and the toe block in the same direction. Even further, US 1071901 A relates to a collapsible last having a heel part, a fore part and an instep block. The heel part comprises a socket for supporting the last and the instep block is connected to the two other blocks via a hinge strip, a link and respective pins. The instep block may, when a plunger is released, be slid up and the toe or heel may be raised to shorten the last longitudinally. Summary of the invention The invention relates to a last for footwear production, wherein the last comprises: - a last body, and - a heel body part, wherein said heel body part is configured to be movable in relation to the last body, and wherein the last further comprises a forefoot body part, said forefoot body part being configured to be movable in relation to the last body, wherein said heel body part and/or said forefoot body part is/are configured to be movable in relation to the last body by at least one coupling arrangement, wherein said at least one coupling arrangement is configured such that said heel body part and said forefoot body part are at least partly movable towards each other. The inventive last has several advantages over prior art involving an efficient lasting- and delasting process by moving and opening of the front body part and the heel body part that improves the fitting of the upper to the last. Hereby, the manufacturing of e.g. boots and slip-ons, that during conventionally lasting and delasting may be manually challenging and time consuming especially in relation to minimise or avoid wrinkles of the upper materiel on the upper front or vamp on the forefoot, may be improved. Thus, in addition to providing a more efficient production process due to saving of manual labour time, improvements in the finished product may be achieved, e.g. due to better fitting of the upper of the footwear. By having said heel body part and/or said forefoot body part being configured to be movable in relation to the last body by at least one coupling arrangement, numerous configurations may be achievable, whereby the heel body part and/or the forefoot body part may be moved, e.g. including that both may be moved simultaneously, whereby the last may quickly and easily be brought to a lasting mode and subsequently brought to a mode, wherein a footwear upper has been lasted, ready to take part in the subsequent footwear production process, possibly after some minor manual adjustment. Further, by the coupling arrangement, a wide variety of applications are possible, e.g. with the heel body part being moved first, followed by the forefoot body part being moved next or vice versa. Also, it is a possibility that the heel body part may be moved a relatively small angle, which is transferred to the forefoot body part as a relatively large angle or vice versa. Further options will be available, depending on the actual configuration of the coupling arrangement. In an embodiment of the invention, the last comprises an open position and an operational position. It is noted that the open position denotes the position, wherein a footwear upper may be arranged on the last, and that the operational position denotes the position, wherein the last, which now may carry the upper, has both movable parts positioned such that the last essentially has the form corresponding to a human foot. The last may open by applying upwards force on the heel body part, which will also cause the front part to open, e.g. due to the action of the coupling arrangement. Hereby, both the front body part and heel body part may be in an open position at the same time. Thus, lasting and delasting of a footwear upper on a last is made easier to handle and an easier manual operation may be effected. In an embodiment of the invention, the heel body part may in said open position of the last have been moved at least partly towards a toe end of the last and said forefoot body part may have been moved at least partly towards a heel end of the last. Hereby, the movement of both the heel body part and the forefoot body part will contribute in reducing the distance between e.g. heel and toe of the last, since both parts will move towards each other in the longitudinal direction of the last, while possibly also moving in a vertical direction as well, e.g. along a curved path, e.g. from an outer boundary towards a centre of the last/last body. Thus, an increased distance reduction, e.g. reduction of the longitudinal direction of the last can be achieved, for example when comparing the inventive last with the last as disclosed in US 3203050 A, where, when opening the last (in an upside-down position), the heel block slides upwards and closer to the toe end, but where at the same time the toe block pivots downwards and moves away from the last block. In an embodiment of the invention, the last further comprises a lower surface, wherein the lower surface has a toe end and a heel end, wherein the lower surface has a length TL between the toe end and the heel end, and wherein the length TL2 of the lower surface in open position is shorter than the length TL of the lower surface in operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, the length TL2 of the lower surface in open position is between 2-10%, such as between 4-8%, such as between 5-7% shorter than the length TL of the lower surface in operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, the length TL2 of the lower surface in open position is at least 4% shorter than the length TL of the lower surface in operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, said forefoot body part in an open position of the last is inclined by an angle (a) in relation to said lower surface, wherein said angle is at least 5°. In an embodiment of the invention, said angle (a) formed by said forefoot body part in relation to said lower surface is at least 10°, such as at least 15°, such as at least 20° or such as at least 25°. In an embodiment of the invention, said forefoot body part has a length TLF from the toe end and in a direction along the lower surface, which is at least 10%, alternatively at least 20% or alternatively at least 30% of the length of the lower surface in operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, said last has a girth measurement at a high instep position D that in an open position is less than or equal to the girth measurement at the high instep position D in closed position of the last. Hereby, it is achieved that the volume of the last at the D point has not been increased when moving from closed, e.g. operational position, to open position as is the case in connection with a prior art last with only a movable heel body. Thus, compared with this prior art last, it may be achieved that a lasting of an upper on a last may be made with less effort and with gentler treatment of the upper. In an embodiment of the invention, said last has a girth measurement from back of heel to instep H that in an open position is less than the girth measurement from back of heel to instep H in closed position, e.g. operational position, of the last. Hereby, it is achieved that the volume of the last at the H point has been reduced when moving from closed, e.g. operational position, to open position. It may thus be achieved that a lasting of an upper on a last according to this embodiment may be made with less effort and with gentler treatment of the upper. In an embodiment of the invention, the coupling arrangement is made of metal, e.g. steel. In an embodiment of the invention, the coupling arrangement comprises a linked bar mechanism. In an embodiment of the invention, the coupling arrangement comprises a heel bar and a forefoot bar, which are each pivotably attached to the last body at an intermediate position and mutually linked at one end of the heel bar and the forefoot bar, respectively, and where the other end of the heel bar and the forefoot bar, respectively, is linked to the heel body part and the forefoot body part, respectively. In an embodiment of the invention, the coupling arrangement is held together by pins for rotation. In an embodiment of the invention, said forefoot bar is arranged in an open position of the last to be inclined in an angle (b) in relation to said lower surface, wherein said angle is at least 10°, such as least 20°, such as at least 30°, such as at least 40° or such as at least 45°. In an embodiment of the invention, the last is configured for ballerina, pumps, slip-on shoes and/or boots. In an embodiment of the invention, said last is configured for independent movement of said forefoot body part. Hereby, it may be possible to manually move said forefoot body part, if desired. In an embodiment of the invention, said last is configured for independent movement of said heel body part. Hereby, it may be possible to manually move said heel body part, if desired In an embodiment of the invention, said last comprises a decoupling arrangement for decoupling movements of said heel body part and said forefoot body part. In an embodiment of the invention, said decoupling arrangement for decoupling movements of said heel body part and said forefoot body part is at least partly integrated with said coupling arrangement. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a footwear, comprising the steps of - providing a last for footwear production according to embodiments of the invention, - moving at least one of said heel body part and said forefoot body part in relation to said last body from an operational position of the last, - applying a footwear upper to the last, - returning said at least one of said heel body part and said forefoot body part to bring the last to its operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, said method comprises the step of - activation of at least one coupling arrangement for moving said heel body part and said forefoot body part in relation to said last body from an operational position of the last. In an embodiment of the invention, said method comprises the step of - deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement for returning said heel body part and said forefoot body part to bring the last to its operational position. In an embodiment of the invention, said activation and/or said deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement is mediated via operation of an operator rod. In an embodiment of the invention, said activation and/or said deactivation of the at least one coupling arrangement, mediated via said operation of a said operator rod, comprises moving said heel body part by said operator rod. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises applying a footwear sole to the footwear upper. In an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises applying a sole to the upper by direct injection process. In an embodiment of the invention, the direct injection process comprises direct injection process material. In an embodiment of the invention, the direct injection process material is TPR, PVC, EVA, TPU and/or PU. In an embodiment of the invention, the direct injection material is PU. In an embodiment of the invention, the sole comprises TPR, PVC, EVA, TPU and/or PU. In an embodiment of the invention, the footwear upper comprises leather. In an embodiment of the invention, the footwear upper comprises textile. Last body manufacturing and material. The last body according to embodiments of the invention, may be manufactured from a polymeric material or a material comprising a polymer. The polymeric material of the last body may have a hardness that allows the last body to resist indentation during the use of the last body. The last body may comprise a polymeric material having a Shore D value of between 50 and 100 and the polymeric material of the last may be constructed of a polymeric composition comprising a polymeric material having reinforcement materials such as e.g. carbon fibers, glass fibers or other types of material that may reinforce the last body. The last body may comprise a thermoset material such as a thermoset polymer and the last may be produced by providing a polymeric material or a molten material in a molten state where the curing or hardening of the material ensures that the material maintains its shape after the material has cured. Further, the last body may comprise photocurable polymers and/or resin material causing the polymers and/or resin to solidify. The thermoset polymer may be irreversible hardened by curing from a solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. Curing may be induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure or mixing with a catalyst. The last body may also comprise at least one support structure extending in the internal of the last e.g. from an internal surface of the last body to an opposing internal surface of the last body. The support structure may be positioned in such a way that a certain area of the last body may be reinforced to prevent damage to the last body. A support structure may be in the form of a girder, crossbar, brace or any type of rigid and/or semi rigid structure which is capable of transferring force from one region of the inner surface of the last body to another region of the inner surface of the last body. The side walls of the last body and/or the last body may be formed by additive manufacturing. The additive manufacturing may be a process where a material is joined or solidified under computer control to create the last body where material is added together layer by layer or where liquid molecules or powder grains are being fused together or where a layer of material is added on top of another layer of material in a sequence. The additive manufacturing may be done by 3D printing the last for footwear production and/or the last body and/or any part of the last that can be manufactured along with the last body. Additive manufacturing materials may comprise polymers, resin photopolymers, ABS, PLA, ASA, nylon/nylon powder, PETG, metal/metal powder, plaster powder, HIPS, PET, PEEK, PVA, ULTEM, polyjet resin and/or ceramics and any combination thereof. Similar applies as regards parts of the last, e.g. a heel body part, a forefoot body part, etc. Footwear. The footwear according to embodiments of the invention, may be any type of footwear such as e.g. a sneaker, sport’s shoe, formal shoe, boot, lace up shoe, slip-on, ballerina, pump, loafer, sandal or any other type of footwear. Upper. The upper according to embodiments of the invention, may be of any material such as e.g. leather, natural leather, textile, reinforcing fabric, reconstructed fibers, woven or non-woven material based on natural or synthetic fibers or any other type of material. Leather may be any type of leather such as e.g. full grain or top leather, corrected or embossed grain, split suede, nubuck sueded grain, reconstructed, reconstituted, bonded or fiber leather or any other type of leather. In principle, the leather can derive from any source, including bovine hide, horse hide, goat skin, sheep skin, camel skin, kangaroo hide or the like. “Bovine” as used herein means, with referral to the traditional taxonomic grouping, a group of animals including e.g. cattle, ox, yak etc. The term “staple fiber” refers to fibers of discrete length and may be of any composition. Staple fiber may e.g. be provided by division of a keratin-based filament into discrete staple fibers of a certain length. The length may vary dependent on the application. The term “reconstructed” fiber refers to staple fibers produced on the basis of a number of mechanically sub-divided protein fibrils. The reconstructed fiber may be formed from a protein suspension directed through a nozzle onto a surface for drying. The suspension is dried to remove water and solvent from the suspension and thereby the reconstrued fiber is formed e.g. on a belt or a cylinder surface. Such a manufacturing method of reconstructing fibers on the basis of protein fibrils is e.g. illustrated in WO 2018/149950 or WO 2018/149949 for the use in relation to collagen. “Reinforcing” as used herein should be understood as a reinforcing fabric comprising high strength fiber that can be woven or nonwoven. To benefit from the strength properties of the fibers, typically at least one layer will contain the high strength fibers in an oriented fashion, such as woven (including uniweave), monodirectional or multidirectional fabrics. Tanning is used as the conventional ways of treating leather and may be applied to the invention. The technical definition of tanning is well known in the art, but briefly, according to Anthony D. Covington “Tanning Chemistry” chapter 10, the only strict definition of tanning is the conversion of a putrescible organic material into a stable material capable of resisting biochemical attack. Tanning involves a number of steps and reactions depending on the initial material and the final product. Sole. Direct injection process should be understood as the process of introducing a molten material into a cavity of a mold to achieve a desired shape. The process can be used for the production of outsole or decorative details. During the process, a molten material, normally a polymer, is forced into the cavity of a mold. The process may be known as DIP or direct injection process and they may be used interchangeably. Unless otherwise noted in the present application, the meaning of DIP is to be understood as the process of integrating a sole with an upper or at least a part of an upper by and during a DIP process. Thus, single elements, e.g. pressure absorbers or sole parts may be DIP’ed in separate processes (without being attached to the sole) and then subsequently be inserted into the mold by means of which the sole or a part of the sole is to be molded and integrated with the upper or at least a part of the upper. The sole may also be manufactured by a casting process where sole material is added (and not injected via an injection channel) to the mould. It should be noted that the process of attaching the sole to the upper is not limited to DIP and may also be by a cementing sole process with a pre-made sole adhered to the upper. It should be noted that the process of attaching the sole to the upper implies that the sole is pre-made. The process may e.g. also be referred to as a cementing within the art. The sole can be manufactured from any materiel such as e.g. thermoplastic Rubber Injection Molding Resin (TPR), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or the like suitable for a direct injection process. The sole can also comprise several parts possibly manufactured from different materials. Such parts may be molded into the sole or may be attached to the sole by e.g. an adhesive or the like. The manufacturing process according to embodiments of the invention may be a manual process or may be an at least partly automatic process. It should be noted that in general when describing embodiments of the invention herein, the last will be positioned in the normally used lasting position, e.g. with the sole facing surface of the last facing in general upwards and thus directions mentioned, e.g. upwards, downwards, etc. may be understood in view of such a position, for example as regards moving the heel body part and/or the forefoot body part upwards and/or downwards. Various exemplary embodiments and details are described hereinafter with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. The figures The invention will be explained in further detail below with reference to the figures of which Fig. 1 shows a last for footwear production according to the prior art, Fig. 2 shows a further last for footwear production according to the prior art, Fig. 3 shows a schematically illustrated last according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 4 shows the last as shown in fig. 3, comprising a coupling arrangement, Figs. 4a-b show the last as shown in Fig. 4, wherein Fig. 4a shows the scenario where the last is being opened and Fig. 4b shows the scenario where the heel body part and the forefoot body part are being moved to the operational position, Fig 5 shows an example of the last as shown in fig. 4 wherein an embodiment of a coupling arrangement is exemplified, Fig. 6 shows in a perspective view a heel bar and a forefoot bar according to an embodiment of the invention, Figs. 7a-7c show examples of a last body, seen in perspective views from different angles, Fig. 8 shows a last body according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising an example of an operator rod and an operator link, Fig. 9 shows an open example of the last body as illustrated in fig. 8, Fig. 10a-10c show some of the advantages that may be achieved according to embodiments of the present invention, Figs. 11a-b show further embodiments of the invention, wherein further details are illustrated, Figs. 12a-c show a last essentially corresponding to Figs. 10a-10c, but illustrating further advantages that may be achieved according to embodiments of the present invention, and Figs. 13a-b show a last according to further embodiments of the invention. Detailed description With reference to fig. 1 a prior art last for footwear production will be elucidated. The last 10 having a heel 12 and a forefoot 14 is shown in a sideview and with the last positioned upside-down, i.e. with the sole of the foot facing generally upwards, corresponding to a position, wherein usually an upper 30 is lasted onto the last 10. Such an upper 30 is shown in a schematic manner in Fig. 1 with the outline of the last 10 within the upper 30 indicated with a dash line. It is noted that a footbed or the like may be attached to the upper 30, when it is being positioned on the last 10. As it will be well-known to a skilled person, placing an upper onto a last may be a demanding job, depending on the type of footwear upper, e.g. positioning the toe part of the upper 30 onto the forefoot 14 of the last and subsequently pulling the upper 30 backwards in order to slide it down onto the heel 12 of the last 10. A footbed in the present context, unless otherwise noted, may thus e.g. include both insole (if present), different sole members and/or layers. In particular embodiments of the invention further layers or members may be attached to the footbed or the layers may be included within the footbed. Hereby, several variations of the order of the material of the footbed are possible either as a single material or as sandwich constructions of materials. With reference to fig. 2 a further prior art last 10 for footwear production will be elucidated, which prior art last 10 may be of a type as disclosed in DE 10319593 A1. The last 10 as shown in Fig. 2 essentially corresponds to the prior art last as shown in Fig. 1, but a heel body part 18 may be configured to be moved upwards (as viewed in Fig.2) and slightly towards the forefoot 14 as indicated by the arrow in Fig.2. Hereby, the positioning of the upper 30 may be facilitated, since the distance from toe to heel is slightly reduced by this prior art last, when the heel body part 18 is moved upwards. When the upper 30 thus has been positioned with the rear part of the upper placed on the heel body part 18, the heel body part 18 is returned to its initial position, i.e. in the opposite direction of the arrow, and the subsequent steps in the footwear production may commence. An embodiment of a last 10 according to the invention for footwear production is illustrated in Fig. 3, seen from the side and with the last positioned upside-down, i.e. with the sole of the foot facing generally upwards, corresponding to a position, wherein an upper may be lasted. The last 10 comprises a last body 16, a heel body part 18 arranged at the heel 12 and a forefoot body part 20 arranged at the forefoot 14 of the last. The heel body part 18 as well as the forefoot body part 20 are configured to be movable in relation to the last body 16 such as indicated with the curved double-arrows shown in Fig. 3. Thus, one or both of the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 may be moved upwards and into a horizontal position, where the heel body part 18 has been moved closer to the toe of last and correspondingly the forefoot body part 20 has been moved closer to the heel of the last as it will be exemplified in further detail later. The course of these movements may be facilitated by a coupling arrangement as will be exemplified in the following and/or the shape of the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 in relation to the shape of part(s) of the last body 16, with which the heel body part 18 and/or the forefoot body part 20 interact(s). In Fig. 4 an embodiment of a last 10 corresponding essentially to the last that has been illustrated in and explained in connection with Fig.3 is illustrated. In Fig.4 it is further shown that the last 10 may comprise a coupling arrangement 22, which is indicated in a schematic manner, and whereby the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 may be coupled in any suitable manner to be moved in relation to the last body 16. For example, they may be moved simultaneously, or the movements may be staggered, e.g. with the heel body part 18 being moved initially and the forefoot body part 20 being moved when the heel body part 18 has been moved to some extent or vice versa. Also, it is noted that the heel body part 18 may be connected to operating means (not shown) that may move the heel body part 18 in the directions as indicated with the double-arrow and that the movements are transferred to the forefoot body part 20 by means of the coupling arrangement 22. Further, it is noted that the opposite may be the case, e.g. that the forefoot body part is connected to operating means (not shown) and that the movements are transferred to the heel body part 18 by means of the coupling arrangement 22. In Fig. 4a an embodiment of a last 10 corresponding essentially to the last that has been illustrated in and explained in connection with Fig. 4, i.e. comprising a schematically illustrated coupling arrangement 22, is illustrated. However, Fig. 4a shows the scenario where the last 10 is being opened, which is indicated in a schematic manner, and whereby the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 may be coupled in any suitable manner to be moved in relation to the last body 16 as discussed in connection with Fig.4. Thus, they may be moved simultaneously or the movements may be staggered, etc. Further, the heel body part 18 may be connected to operating means (not shown) that may move the heel body part 18 and the movements may be transferred to the forefoot body part 20 by means of the coupling arrangement 22. Further, it is noted that the opposite may be the case, e.g. that the forefoot body part is connected to operating means (not shown) and that the movements are transferred to the heel body part 18 by means of the coupling arrangement 22. In Fig. 4a it is illustrated that when the last is being opened, the heel body part 18 is moved upwards in the scenario in Fig. 4a as illustrated with the arrow A1 and the forefoot body part 20 is moved upwards as well as illustrated with the arrow B1. Hereby, the movement of both the heel body part and the forefoot body part will contribute in reducing the distance between e.g. heel and toe of the last, since both parts will move towards each other in the longitudinal direction of the last due e.g. to the curved movement of the heel body part and the forefoot body part, controlled by the coupling arrangement 22 and the shape of the cooperating surfaces of the heel body part 18, the forefoot body part 20 and the last body 16. Fig. 4b shows the last as shown in Fig. 4a, but wherein Fig. 4b shows the scenario where the heel body part and the forefoot body part are being moved to the operational position (cf. e.g. Fig. 5). In Fig.4b it is illustrated that when moving to the operational position, the heel body part 18 is moved downwards as illustrated with the arrow A2 and the forefoot body part 20 is moved downwards as well as illustrated with the arrow B2. Fig.5 illustrates an example of a last 10 as shown in Fig.4 and wherein an embodiment of a coupling arrangement 20 is exemplified. This example of a coupling arrangement comprises a linked bar mechanism 40 comprising a heel bar 42 and a forefoot bar 44. Both of these are arranged to be pivotable in relation to a respective last body pin 46, i.e. two last body pins 46 arranged on the last body 16. Furthermore, the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 are configured to be connected at their ends that meet each other with a linkage pin 48 that may be fixed to one of the bars and may be configured to slide in a linkage slot 50 arranged in the end of the other bar as shown in Fig. 5. Thus, the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 may pivot around the last body pins 46 in such a manner that when e.g. the heel bar 42 is pivoted a certain angle, the forefoot bar 44 will be controlled to pivot correspondingly, e.g. a smaller, a larger or the same angle, depending on the actual configuration. Even further, the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 are at their other ends designed for being connected with the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20, respectively. Thus, the heel bar 42 is configured with a heel bar slot 56, which cooperates with a heel body pin 52 that is fixed to the heel body part 18. In a corresponding manner, the forefoot bar 44 is configured with a forefoot bar slot 58, which cooperates with a forefoot body pin 54 that is fixed to the forefoot body part 20. Thus, in case the heel body part 18 is moved upwards in the scenario shown in Fig. 5, the forefoot body part 20 will simultaneously be moved upwards by the forefoot bar 44. It is noted that the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 may be guided by interfaces to the last body and possibly further guiding structures such as the guiding structure 60 that has been indicated in Fig. 5. The heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 are furthermore shown in Fig.6 in a perspective view. Here, the heel bar slot 56 of the heel bar 42 is shown as well as the forefoot bar slot 58 of the forefoot bar 44. Further, the linkage slot 50 is shown as well as a pin bore 62 in each of the bars, which bores serve to accommodate the last body pins 46 (that are shown in Fig. 5). It should be noted that this linked bar mechanism 40 may be configured in various manners in order to achieve specific movements of the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20. For example, the length of the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 may be varied and the position of the pin bores of each of the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 may be varied, e.g. to achieve different lengths of the bar arms from the pivot point (last body pin 46) meeting each other at the linkage pin 48. Thus, a “gearing” of the movements may be achieved, e.g. with a relatively small angular movement of the heel bar 42 resulting in a relatively large angular movement of the forefoot bar 44 and thus also the forefoot body part 20 or vice versa. Also, it will be understood that the arrangement may be such that the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 may move essentially identical angles. It should be noted that other linkages or mechanisms than a linked bar mechanism may be utilized for transforming movement between the heel body part and the forefoot body part. For example, toothed mechanisms may be used, mechanisms using gear wheel or gear segments, where e.g. a gear segment is coupled to an axle with an operating arm or coupled directly to an operating arm may be utilized. When using such mechanisms, gearings between the movements of the heel body part and the forefoot body part may be arranged, similar to what was explained above in connection with the linked bar mechanism 40. Other mechanisms may be arranged for performing the function of the coupling arrangement 22, e.g. moving the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 simultaneously or possibly staggered, when one of these is being moved upwards and subsequently downwards again, for example actuated by an operator rod. It is noted that the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 may be further guided in relation to the last body 16, e.g. by guiding structures 60 on the last body and corresponding guiding structures arranged in connection with heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20, which serve to guide the parts in a desired manner to achieve the function that the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 move upwards (as seen when the last is positioned as shown in e.g. Figs. 3 and 5) and such that they move closer to each other. It is further noted that the linkage mechanisms, pins, gears, etc. and other parts used in connection with the coupling arrangement 22 due to the strain and wear induced may be made from metal, e.g. steel. However, other materials may be used instead, such as synthetic materials, polymers, etc. As regards parts such as the last body 16, the heel body part 18 and/or the forefoot body part 20, it is noted that these may be made from metal, e.g. aluminium, but that other materials may be used as well, such as synthetic materials, polymers, 3D printed materials, etc. Figs. 7a to 7c show examples of a last body 16, seen in perspective views from different angles, wherein it is shown that a linked bar mechanism has been installed, e.g. ready for a heel body part and a forefoot body part to be coupled to the mechanism as well. Thus, Fig. 7a shows the last body 16, seen essentially in an angle from the heel end, and where it is seen that the end of the heel bar 42 with the heel bar slot 56 protrudes from the last body part , e.g. in an angle of around 45° to horizontal. Fig. 7b shows the last body 16, seen essentially in an angle from the forefoot end, and where it is seen that the end of the forefoot bar 44 with the forefoot bar slot 58 protrudes from the last body part , e.g. in an angle of around 45° to horizontal, and where furthermore the guiding structure 60 for guiding the forefoot body part can be seen. Fig. 7c shows the last body 16, seen essentially in an angle from the side. Here, it is seen that the heel bar 42 with the heel bar slot 56 protrudes to the right and that the end of the forefoot bar 44 with the forefoot bar slot 58 protrudes to the left. Further, the guiding structure 60 can be seen here. It will be understood that a guiding structure may be arranged at the heel bar end as well. It will be understood that the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 may be fixed within the last body 16, e.g. with the last body pins as described above, ready for being coupled to a heel body part and a forefoot body part. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show a last 10 as has been described e.g. in connection with Figs. 3- 5, where Fig. 8 shows the last in an operational position, i.e. a position wherein an upper may have been lasted and where the last plus upper may proceed in a production process, e.g. by being turned 180° and being entered into e.g. a DIP moulding apparatus, and where Fig. 9 shows the last in an “opened” position, which in the following will denote a last with both the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20 being moved upwards and towards each other as shown in Fig. 9. The mechanism of the last going from an operational position to an open position or the opposite may be mediated by an operator rod 70 and an operator link 72, linking the operator rod 70 to the heel body part 18. Other arrangements may be used. However, when using an operator rod 70 as schematically shown, no or only little modifications may be needed to a prior art last holder. Figs. 10a-10c illustrate some of the advantages that may be achieved according to embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 10a illustrates a last 10 as has been described e.g. in connection with Fig. 5, but where the movable heel body part as well as the movable forefoot body part have not been “opened” but are in an operational position. Thus, in this scenario the last 10 may be comparable with a last without any movable body parts. The distance, e.g. the horizontal distance of the last lower surface 24 from toe end 26 to heel end 28, which will be denoted TL, may be measured on this last to provide a measure for how difficult it would be to last a shoe upper on such a last. In Fig. 10b the same last 10 is illustrated with the linked bar mechanism disconnected (for clarity reasons), whereby the movable heel body part 18 can be moved without moving the forefoot body part 20. Thus, in this scenario the last 10 may be comparable with e.g. a prior art last having a movable heel body part, and the distance from toe to heel TL1 may be measured on this last to provide a measure for the relief achieved for lasting a shoe upper on such a last as compared with a last without any movable body parts. According to an example, the distance from toe to heel may have been reduced by around e.g. 3.7 %, e.g. the reduction from TL to TL1. However, when utilizing the last 10 as illustrated in Fig. 10c, i.e. performing an “opening” of both the heel body part 18 and the forefoot body part 20, whereby the distance toe end to heel end TL2 is reduced even further, the distance toe end 26 to heel end 28 may for example be reduced from TL1 with an additional measure that is around 2.7 %, e.g. representing one footwear size down. It will thus be understood that the job of lasting a footwear upper is further relieved due to this embodiment of the invention. Fig. 11a illustrates a last 10 as has been described e.g. in connection with Fig. 10a and wherein the movable heel body part as well as the movable forefoot body part have not been “opened” but are in an operational position. In fig. 11a, it is illustrated that the forefoot body part has a length TLF that may be a considerable part of the distance TL from toe end 26 to heel end 28. For example, the forefoot body part 18 may have a length TLF in a direction along the lower surface 24, which is at least 10%, alternatively at least 20% or alternatively at least 30% of the length of the lower surface 24 in the operational position. The length TLF may even be at least 40% or at least 50%, whereby the total length on the open position may be reduced considerably. Furthermore, it is illustrated in Fig.11b, that the forefoot body part in the open position may be inclined an angle a, which may facilitate the application on an upper, e.g. in connection with ballerina uppers, pumps, slip-on shoes and/or boots. The angle a formed by said forefoot body part 18 in relation to said lower surface 24 may be at least 10°, such as at least 15°, such as at least 20° or such as at least 25°. Further, it is illustrated that the forefoot bar 44 may in an embodiment be arranged such that in an open position of the last it may be inclined in an angle b in relation to said lower surface 24, wherein said angle is at least 10°, such as least 20°, such as at least 30°, such as at least 40° or such as at least 45°. Hereby, suitable inclination angles a of the forefoot body part 20 may be achieved. Figs. 12a-12c show a last 10 essentially corresponding to last shown in Figs. 10a-10c, but wherein further advantages that may be achieved according to embodiments of the present invention are illustrated. As shown in Fig.12a, a couple of measurements that are used within last metrology are illustrated, in this example the D point measurement (illustrated with short dash line) and the H point measurement (illustrated with long dash line). Thus, the D point measurement is the girth at “high instep” of the last and the H point measurement is the girth from back of heel to instep of the last 10 as illustrated in the figures. As it will be understood, these measurements are indicative of the volume of the last at the respective points. The respective measurements may for example be made using e.g. a flexible measuring tape in order to measure the girth at the respective points, along the surface of the last and following the lines as indicated in Figs. 12a- 12c. It will be clear that the D point measurements and the H point measurements will depend on the modes of the last, e.g. whether the last is in the operational position (closed last) as shown in Fig. 12a, whether the heel body part 18 has been moved to its open position as shown in Fig. 12b (and corresponding to the above-mentioned prior art last) or whether the heel body part 18 as well as the forefoot body part 20 have been moved to open position as shown in Fig. 12c. In Table 1 below, measurements have been made on a last designed for a US size 4½ (European size 37). As it will be seen, both D point measurements and H point measurements increase, when the heel is opened, e.g. as is the case with the above-mentioned prior art last, thereby indicating that the job of lasting a footwear upper on such a last with opened heel will be more difficult due to the increased girth (or volume) of the last at the D point and the H point. However, as it furthermore will be seen from the measurements of Table 1, when the heel as well as the forefoot body part have been opened, bringing the last according to the present invention to its open position, the D point measurement will in this position be the same as in the closed position, meaning that the volume at the D point has not been increased. Furthermore, it is noted that H point measurement in the open position has actually been reduced as compared to the closed position, meaning that the volume at the H point has been reduced, which will make it easier to perform a lasting of an upper on a last according to the present invention. All in all, since the D point measurement is not increased and since the H point measurement is reduced as compared with a closed last, it will be understood that the lasting of a footwear upper will be made less complicated and may be made with less effort, e.g. if performed manually. Furthermore, it will be understood that even further advantages may be achieved when compared to the above-mentioned prior art last with movable heel, for which the D point measurement as well as the H point measurement are increased. Hence, it will be seen that by the invention length reductions as well as volume reductions may be achieved, whereby lasting may be performed easier and with less effort. Figs. 13a-b show a last 10 according to further embodiments of the invention, wherein the forefoot body part 20 and the heel body part 18 are movable in relation to the last body 16. As shown in Fig. 13a, a linked bar mechanism 40 may be arranged, which, however, may be decoupled, thereby allowing the forefoot body part 20 to be moved for example manually and irrespective of, whether the heel body part 18 is being moved or not as shown with the double-arrow in Fig. 13b. It will be understood that the heel body part 18 may also be moved independently as indicated by the short dash double-arrow in Fig. 13b. As mentioned above, the last 10 may comprise a linked bar mechanism 40, which may be decoupled in case it is desired to move e.g. the forefoot body part 20 manually. A decoupling may be done in various manners, e.g. by disconnecting the heel bar 42 and the forefoot bar 44 (Fig. 13b) or in other manners. Also, it is noted that in general a coupling arrangement 22 (Fig. 4) may be comprised by the last 10, which may be configured in numerous manners and not necessarily as a linked bar mechanism, and which may be configured for being decoupled to allow e.g. the forefoot body part 20 to be moved independently, for example manually. In the above description, various aspects and embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to the drawings, but it is apparent for a person skilled within the art that the invention can be carried out in an infinite number of ways, using e.g. the examples disclosed in the description in various combinations, and within a wide range of variations within the scope of the appended claims. List of references 10 Last 12 Heel 14 Forefoot 16 Last body 18 Heel body part 20 Forefoot body part 22 Coupling arrangement 24 Last lower surface 26 Toe end 28 Heel end 30 Upper 40 Linked bar mechanism 42 Heel bar 44 Forefoot bar 46 Last body pin 48 Linkage pin 50 Linkage slot 52 Heel body pin 54 Forefoot body pin 56 Heel bar slot 58 Forefoot bar slot 60 Guiding structure 62 Pin bore 70 Operator rod 72 Operator link A1 Movement of heel body part to open position A2 Movement of heel body part to operational position B1 Movement of forefoot body part to open position B2 Movement of forefoot body part to operational position D Girth at “high instep” H Girth from back of heel to instep TL Distance toe end to heel end – last without movable part TL1 Distance toe end to heel end – last with a movable heel only TL2 Distance toe end to heel end – last according to a present embodiment TLF Length of forefoot body part