AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to and benefit of United States Patent

Application Serial No. 63/183,332 filed on May 3, 2021 , the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to tools for restoring a natural environment. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to ground restoration tools.

BACKGROUND

[0003] A number of industries require the clearing of natural environments to build structures, conduct tests, transport equipment, and the like. For example, the oil and gas industry uses a number of techniques for hydrocarbon exploration. One of such techniques is seismic exploration, which involves determining subsurface properties of an area using seismic waves. The explored areas are often remote (e.g. remote boreal and/or arctic ecosystems) and the natural features thereof can be challenging for seismic exploration equipment to navigate as well as for actually conducting the seismic exploration.

[0004] As a result, plants, trees, and the like are cleared so that the seismic exploration equipment can be moved through the remote environments to conduct the seismic explorations. Typically, for seismic exploration, the oil and gas industry make linear clearings that extend across an area of the remote environment. The linear clearings are commonly referred to as “seismic lines”. Currently, there is estimated to be about 1 .5 million km to about 1.8 million km of seismic lines in Alberta, Canada, alone. In fact, in northeastern Alberta, the density of seismic lines may range from about 1 .5 km/km ² to about 10 km/km ² . As well, the seismic lines are in addition to any other man-made clearings that may have been made by other industries such as those made by utilities companies to provide paths along which towers for power lines may be built. [0005] As will be appreciated, the clearings may detrimentally affect the environments in which they are formed. For example, many types of plants and trees may be prevented from re-growing along the clearings due to increased solar radiation, increased winds, and the ability of snow to easily build up on the ground, each of which is typically mitigated by the presence of trees. As well, the clearings may have adverse affects on the native animals. For example, the clearings may provide predators corridors through which they may easily stalk their prey. Thus, the clearings may cause the decrease of certain plants and trees as well as certain animals.

[0006] The habitat of these clearings may also be quite variable, ranging from hard and dry ground to wetlands. In fact, along a single line the ground-type may deviate substantially over a short distance, particularly at different times of the year. This can be problematic for conventional line restoration equipment that may be incapable of performing properly on varying terrain. It may also be problematic from the perspective of accessing remote areas where ground restoration is required.

[0007] Thus, there is a need for improved tools capable of restoring the ground of clearings such that their environmental impact is reversed or at least mitigated.

SUMMARY

[0008] The present disclosure generally relates to ground restoration tools, ground restoration assemblies, and methods for restoring cleared ground areas.

[0009] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a floatable ground restoration tool, the ground restoration tool comprising: a drum defining a drum chamber; a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface of the drum; and an insert within the drum chamber defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define the fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[0010] In a further aspect, the present disclosure relates to a ground restoration assembly, the assembly comprising: a main frame; a plurality of tool frames engaged with the main frame, two or more of the tool frames being independently moveable relative to each other, and each of the tool frames defining a perimeter; and a plurality of floatable ground restoration tools, each of the ground restoration tools positioned within the perimeter of one of the tool frames, and each of the ground restoration tools comprising: a drum defining a drum chamber, a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface of the drum, and an insert within the drum chamber defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define the fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[0011] In a yet further aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method of restoring a ground area, the method comprising: engaging a ground area with two or more floatable ground restoration tools described herein or a ground restoration assembly described herein; adjusting the position of the two or more ground restoration tools relative to each other such that a selected width of the ground area is engaged with the two or more ground restoration tools; and moving the ground restoration tools along the ground area.

[0012] In a yet further aspect, the present disclosure relates to a kit-of-parts for restoring a ground area, the kit-of-parts comprising: at least one drum defining a drum chamber; and at least one insert positionable within the drum chamber of the at least one drum, the at least one insert when positioned within the drum chamber of the at least one drum defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define the fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[0013] Other aspects and features of the methods of the present disclosure will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] These and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent in the following detailed description in which reference is made to the appended drawings. The appended drawings illustrate one or more embodiments of the present disclosure by way of example only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. [0015] FIG. 1 A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 1 B is a cross section of the ground restoration tool illustrated in

FIG. 1 A. [0017] FIG. 1C is a schematic side view of the ground restoration tool illustrated in

FIG. 1 A.

[0018] FIG. 1 D is a cross section of the ground restoration tool illustrated in FIG.

1C.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 3A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 3B is a schematic top view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 3A in an expanded configuration. [0022] FIG. 3C is a schematic side view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 3A.

[0023] FIG. 4A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 4B is a schematic top view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 4A in an expanded configuration.

[0025] FIG. 4C is a schematic side view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 4A.

[0026] FIG. 5A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [0027] FIG. 5B is a schematic side view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 5A.

[0028] FIG. 6A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 6B is a schematic side view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 6A.

[0030] FIG. 7A is a schematic top view of a ground restoration assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 7B is a schematic top view of the ground restoration assembly illustrated in FIG. 7A in an expanded configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] There are a number of techniques that may be used to promote the regrowth of plants and trees in clearings in order to return the clearings to their original state. One of such techniques is ground restoration, which generally involves modifying features of the ground to promote plant and/or tree growth. Examples of ground restoration techniques may include mounding, scarifying, and the like. Mounding generally involves digging up mounds of soil for planting trees therein, as certain types of trees need to be planted above the waterline in aerated soil. Scarifying generally involves removing dead grass, leaves, stems, stolons, rhizomes and overcrowded grass roots (which may collectively be referred to as “thatch”) to promote the growth of new plants.

[0033] Ground restoration, however, is particularly difficult in remote areas. For example, it may be challenging to transport conventional ground restoration equipment to the remote areas, as the equipment typically has to be flown or helicoptered to the remote areas. As well, once the equipment is deployed, it may be difficult for the conventional ground restoration equipment to navigate the remote environments. As an example, in Alberta, Canada, oil sand regions rich in hydrocarbons, where seismic lines are often formed, may comprise up to about 50% peatlands such as bogs and fens. Peatlands may be difficult for conventional ground restoration equipment to navigate due to their weight (e.g. the equipment sinks), their use of components that may not be waterproof, etc. These issues are particularly pertinent, as trees in peatlands may have more difficulty re-growing naturally than in other biomes. Furthermore, with respect to linear clearings, while modern linear clearings may only be about 1 m in width, older linear clearings may be up to about 10 m in width. Conventional ground restoration equipment may not be configured for such widths, meaning that the ground restoration equipment may have to make several passes along the linear clearing to restore the ground across the entire width thereof.

[0034] In view of the above, it is an objective of the present disclosure to provide advantageous ground restoration tools and ground restoration assemblies. For example, in an embodiment the ground restoration tools of the present disclosure are capable of floating. As a result, the tools may not sink when, for example, cleared peatlands are to be restored, which may make the navigation of the areas to be restored significantly easier. In more detail, the weight of the ground restoration tools of the present disclosure may be selected to effectively engage with the ground while also allowing them to float so that navigation through wetlands such as peatlands may not be slowed.

[0035] Further, the ground restoration assemblies of the present disclosure, which include the ground restoration tools, may advantageously be capable of engaging different widths of ground, which may be particularly useful for restoration of linear clearings that may vary in width. In more detail, the ground restoration tools may be moved or articulated relative to each other on the ground restoration assemblies to expand or narrow the width of ground that is engaged by the tools. In some configurations, the ground restoration tools may be moved or articulated relative to each other while the assembly is being operated (e.g. moving along a clearing) so that the ground restoration does not need to be stopped in order to adjust the width of ground engaged by the tools.

[0036] Furthermore, the ground restoration assemblies of the present disclosure may also advantageously be modular in that the components thereof may be readily engaged and disengaged with each other. The modularity of the ground restoration assemblies may facilitate their transport to, for example, remote clearings. As well, the modularity may allow an operator to select how many ground restoration tools to include in the assembly, which may also simplify transport of the assemblies. For example, if a linear ground clearing in a remote location has only a width of about 1 m, fewer ground restoration tools may be required and only the minimum number of tools need be transported to the remote area.

[0037] Additional advantages will be discussed below and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure.

[0038] Reference will now be made in detail to example embodiments of the disclosure, wherein numerals refer to like components, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings that further show example embodiments, without limitation.

Ground Restoration Tools

[0039] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a floatable ground restoration tool, the ground restoration tool comprising: a drum defining a drum chamber; a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface of the drum; and an insert within the drum chamber defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[0040] As used herein, the term “ground restoration tool” refers to a tool for modifying a ground area to promote the growth of plants, trees, and the like thereon. The ground restoration tool may be used to perform ground restoration techniques including, but not limited to, mounding, scarifying, and the like.

[0041] As used herein, the terms “clearing” and “cleared ground area” refer to areas from which plants and trees that may obstruct cultivation, the operation of equipment, the conducting of surveys or tests, etc. have been removed. The clearings may be “linear clearings” that have a generally linear shape. An example of a linear clearing is a “seismic line”, which is a linear clearing formed for the purposes of seismic exploration.

[0042] As described above, the ground restoration tool may be floatable. As used herein, the term “floatable” means capable of floating. The ground restoration tool may be made floatable using a number of configurations that will be described in greater detail below. [0043] The ground restoration tools of the present disclosure comprise a drum. As used herein, the term “drum” refers to a hollow, generally cylindrical component of the ground restoration tool. The drum defines a “drum chamber”, which, as used herein, refers to the internal volume of the drum. In an embodiment, the drum may have at least one openable portion so that the insert may be positioned within the drum chamber thereof. In such embodiments, the insert may be replaceable, for example to exchange one insert with another that has a fluid displacement core of a different size. In other embodiments, the drum is sealed closed with the insert fixedly positioned within the drum chamber thereof.

[0044] In operation of the ground restoration tool of the present disclosure, the drum will have positioned within the drum chamber thereof the insert and a filler for adding weight and/or structural support thereto. As will be described in greater detail below, the weight of the drum may be adjusted using the insert and the filler so that the ground restoration tool is both floatable and sufficiently heavy to cause the teeth dispersed about the outside surface of the drum to engage with (e.g. dig into) the ground.

[0045] As used herein, the term “tooth” or “teeth” refers to an element of the ground restoration tools of the present disclosure that engage with and modify the ground in order to promote the growth of plants, trees, and the like thereon. The teeth may be configured differently depending on the type of ground restoration desired. For example, the teeth may be configured for mounding and/or scarifying the ground that they engage with, as will be described in greater detail below. Further, as indicated above, the teeth are dispersed about the outside surface of the drum. As used herein, the expression “dispersed about” encompasses random and non-random arrangements (e.g. patterned arrangements, linear arrangements, and the like) of teeth.

[0046] The ground restoration tools of the present disclosure also comprise an insert. As used herein, the term “insert” refers to a component of the tool that is positionable within the drum chamber to adjust the weight, provide the shape and size of the insert chamber, adjust the volume of the drum chamber available to be filled by a filler, and/or provide structural support or strength to the drum when filled a filler.

[0047] The insert comprises a fluid displacement core that defines a fluidly sealed insert chamber. As used herein, the term “fluid displacement core” refers to an element of the insert that, when the insert is positioned within the drum chamber, occupies a volume of the drum chamber that would otherwise be occupied by a filler. As used herein, the term “fluidly sealed insert chamber” refers to an internal volume of the insert that is defined by the fluid displacement core. The fluid displacement core may be configured to be different sizes, shapes, and/or densities, which, in turn, affects the overall weight and/or drum chamber volume of the drum. For example, the fluid displacement core may comprise a material (e.g. within the fluidly sealed insert chamber) that is relatively light compared to the filler such that, when positioned within a filled drum chamber, the overall weight of the drum is reduced due to the relatively light fluid displacement core occupying a volume of the drum chamber that would otherwise be occupied by the heavier filler. The weight and volume of the drum chamber that the fluid displacement core occupies may be selected such that the drum is buoyant when filled.

[0048] The insert also comprises an attachment apparatus for fixedly positioning the insert within the drum. As used herein, the term “attachment apparatus” refers to any component that may be used to secure the insert within the drum so that the position of the insert does not shift substantially during operation of the ground restoration tool. The attachment apparatus may be permanently affixed within the drum or, alternatively, may be removable from the drum.

[0049] Referring now to FIG. 1A, FIG.1 B, FIG. 1C, and FIG. 1 D, there is shown a ground restoration tool 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ground restoration tool 10 comprises a drum 12 defining a drum chamber 28, a plurality of teeth 14 dispersed about an outside surface of the drum 12, and an insert 16 (see FIG. 1 B and FIG. 1 D) positioned within the drum chamber 28.

[0050] The drum 12 may be formed of any suitable material for restoration of the ground. In an embodiment, the drum is formed of a metal or hard plastic or polymer material. In a particular embodiment, the drum is formed of a metal. It is noted that, as used herein, the term “metal” encompasses both pure metals and metal alloys. Nonlimiting examples of suitable metals include steels (e.g. stainless steel), aluminum alloys, and the like. In some embodiments, the drum 12 has a diameter of about 30 inches (about 76.2 cm) to about 50 inches (about 127 cm). In a further embodiment, the drum 12 may have a length of about 30 inches about 30 inches (about 76.2 cm) to about 50 inches (about 127 cm). Of course, other dimensions may be used if so desired.

[0051] As previously described herein, the ground restoration tool 10 is floatable. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the drum 12 may contribute to the floatability of the ground restoration tool 10. For example, as will be appreciated, the thickness of the walls of the drum 12 may affect the weight thereof, especially if a dense metal such as a steel is used for the manufacture of the drum 12. Thus, in some embodiments, the walls of the drum 12 may be relatively thin in order to lower the overall weight of the ground restoration tool 10, thereby increasing the floatability thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the drum 12 may have a wall thickness of about 1/8 inch (about 0.32 cm) to about 1/4 inch (about 0.64 cm).

[0052] An advantageous property of the ground restoration tools 10 disclosed herein is that drums 12 having relatively thin wall thicknesses (such as those described above) may be used without adversely affecting the durability thereof. As described above, during use of the ground restoration tool 10, the drum 12 includes the insert 16 and the drum chamber 28 is filled with a filler. In general, the insert 16 may be centrally located within the drum chamber 28 such that the filler surrounds the insert 16 and contacts the inside surfaces of the drum 12. As a result, once the filler and the insert 16 are positioned within the drum chamber 28, the filler will exert a pressure on the inside surfaces of the drum 12, which may advantageously prevent the walls of the drum 12 from being bent or dented during use of the ground restoration tool 10.

[0053] During operation of the ground restoration tool 10, the drum 12 is moved along a ground area so that the teeth 14 dispersed thereabout engage with the ground area. As the drum 12 is moved, the drum 12 will rotate, causing the teeth 14 to modify the ground area (e.g. by forming mounds or removing thatch). Thus, the drum 12 may additionally comprise one or more features for rotatably mounting the ground restoration tool 10 on suitable equipment for the operation thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the drum 12 may comprise an aperture 18 (see FIG. 1C) in both ends thereof for mounting the drum 12 on an axle. In such embodiments, the apertures 18 may have a diameter of about 1 inch (about 2.54 cm) to about 2 inches (about 5.08 cm). In another embodiment, the drum 12 may comprise a pin (not shown) extending orthogonally from each end thereof so that the drum 12 may be mounted on a component configured to receive the pins.

[0054] Further, in some embodiments, the drum 12 may be reinforced around the features used for rotatably mounting the ground restoration tool 10. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the drum 12 may be reinforced by securing a plate 20 to each end of the drum 12. The plates 20 may be welded to the ends of the drum 12. The aperture 18 may be formed in the drum 12 and the plate 20 or the pins may be secured to the plates 20 by, for example, welding the pins thereto.

[0055] The teeth 14 are dispersed about the outside surface of the drum 12. In some embodiments, the teeth 14 may be randomly dispersed about the outside surface of the drum 12. In other embodiments, the teeth 14 may be dispersed about the outside surface of the drum 12 according to a pattern. In such embodiments, the teeth 14 may be arranged in rows such as horizontal rows, vertical rows, diagonal rows, and combinations thereof on the outside surface of the drum 12. The rows may be aligned or offset. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the teeth 14 may be arranged in a plurality of offset horizontal rows. Of course, other arrangements of teeth 14 are possible and are contemplated.

[0056] The teeth 14 may be formed of any suitable material for restoration of the ground. In an embodiment, the teeth are formed of a metal or hard plastic or polymer material. In a particular embodiment, the teeth are formed of a metal. In some embodiments, the teeth are formed of a metal such as a steel, an aluminum alloy, and the like. Further, the teeth 14 may be secured to the drum 12 using any suitable technique. For example, the teeth 14 may be permanently secured to the drum 12 by welding the teeth 14 thereto. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the teeth 14 may be removably secured to the drum 14. In such embodiments, the teeth 14 may be secured to the drum 12 using one or more fasteners such as bolts, screws, and the like. In some embodiments, the teeth 14 may comprise male threaded bottom portions (not shown) and the drum 12 may comprise corresponding female threaded receiving portions (not shown) on the outside surface thereof. In such embodiments, to secure the teeth 14 to the drum 12, the teeth 14 may simply be hand-screwed or machine-screwed into the receiving portions of the drum 12. [0057] As previously described herein, the teeth 14 engage with and modify a ground area during operation of the ground restoration tool 10. In some embodiments, the teeth 14 have a height of about 4 inches (about 10.2 cm) to about 8 inches (about 20.4 cm). Further, it is noted that how the teeth 14 modify the ground depends on their configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the teeth 14 may be configured to dig into the ground, scoop out portions thereof, and form mounds with the scooped portions that may then be seeded with desired plants, trees, or the like (i.e. mounding). In such embodiments, the each of the teeth 14 may comprise a cut hollow cylinder having an angled top. In some embodiments, the teeth 14 may be configured dig into the ground and tear out thatch therefrom (i.e. scarifying). In such embodiments, each of the teeth 14 may comprise a fin.

Of course, a combination of different types of teeth 14 may be used if so desired.

[0058] Further, ground restoration tool 10 may comprise a weight distribution attachment 30 secured between at least two of the teeth 14, such as for example as shown in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1 B. The weight distribution attachment 30 may be used to distribute the weigh of the drum 12 across multiple teeth 14. In some embodiments, the weight distribution attachment 30 may comprise a flat bar secured between at least two of the teeth 14. The flat bar may be made of a metal or a metal alloy, such as a steel, an aluminum alloy, or the like. The weight distribution attachment 30 may be permanently or removably attached to one or more of the teeth. In an embodiment, the weight distribution attachment 30 is permanently attached to each of the teeth to which it connects. In an alternate embodiment, the weight distribution attachment 30 is removably attached to each of the teeth to which it connects, such that the weight distribution attachment 30 can be taken on and off as desired.

[0059] In some embodiments, the weight distribution attachment 30 may comprise a ground penetration component 32 extending from a ground-oriented portion thereof. The ground penetration component 32 may be used to penetrate and modify the ground in addition to that provided by the teeth 14. In some embodiments, the ground penetration component 32 may be configured in the same manner as the teeth 14 described above. In other embodiments, the ground penetration component may be a spike, a fin, or the like. Further, the ground penetration component 32 may be a separate component secured to the weight distribution attachment 30 or may instead be formed integrally with the weight distribution attachment 30. As such, in some embodiments, the ground penetration component 32 is removably secured to the weight distribution attachment 30, such that the ground penetration component 32 can be taken on and off as desired.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the insert 16 is positioned within the drum chamber 28 of the drum 12. In general, the insert 16 may be positioned within the drum chamber 28 through an openable portion of the drum 12 or may be permanently positioned therein during manufacture of the ground restoration tool 10. The insert 16 comprises a fluid displacement core 24 that defines a fluidly sealed insert chamber 22 (see FIG. 1 B and FIG. 1 D) within the drum chamber 28. As previously described herein, the fluid displacement core 24 occupies a volume of the drum chamber 28 that would otherwise be occupied by a filler. As a result, less filler is required to completely fill the drum chamber 28 and to apply a pressure to the inside surfaces drum 12, thereby reducing the overall weight of the filled drum 12. In some embodiments, the fluid displacement core 24 of the insert 16 may be configured to occupy a volume of the drum chamber 28 that, when the drum chamber 28 is completely filled, allows the drum 12 to float while also allowing the teeth 14 to engage with and modify the ground. Thus, in some embodiments, the ground restoration tool 10 of the present disclosure is buoyant when the insert 16 is positioned within the drum chamber 28 and the drum chamber 28 is filled with a filler.

[0061] The fluid displacement core 24 of the insert 16 may comprise any suitable lightweight material such as a foam, a metal, or a plastic. For example, in some embodiments, the fluid displacement core 24 may comprise a foam encased within a waterproof material. Examples of suitable foams include without limitation polystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, and combinations thereof. Example of suitable waterproof materials include without limitation spray-on coatings such as spray-on polymer coatings, plastic casings such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene casings, and metal casings such as aluminum-containing casings. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the fluid displacement core 24 may comprise a hollow metal or plastic body.

[0062] Further, the fluid displacement core 24 of the insert 16 may be any suitable shape. For example, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the fluid displacement core 24 may define a cylindrical body fluidly sealed from the drum chamber 28. In such embodiments, the cylindrical body may be sized such that it has a diameter that is about 1/3 to about 3/4 of the diameter of the drum 12, or a diameter of about 10 inches (about 25.4 cm) to about 37.5 inches (about 95.3 cm). Alternatively, in other embodiments, the fluid displacement core 24 may be a donut-type structure that encircles a rod, a bar, or the like. In such embodiments, the donut-type structure may have the diameter described above in relation to the cylindrical body.

[0063] Thus, the insert 16 may be configured to reduce the weight of a filled drum 12 by a selected amount, depending on the size of and the materials used to construct the fluid displacement core 24.

[0064] To fixedly position the insert 16 within the drum 12, the insert 16 comprises an attachment apparatus 26, such as for example the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 B. In some embodiments, the insert 16 may be fixedly positioned such that it extends longitudinally within the drum chamber 28 at an axis thereof. Such positioning may be accomplished using a number of attachment apparatus 26 configurations. For example, the attachment apparatus 26 may extend longitudinally within the drum chamber 28 at the axis thereof. The fluid displacement core 24 may then extend radially outwardly from the attachment apparatus 26 along at least a portion of the longitudinal length of the attachment apparatus 26. In such configurations, the attachment apparatus 26 may be a rod, a bar, or the like, and the fluid displacement core 24 may be the donut-type structure encircling the attachment apparatus 26, as described above. Alternatively, in embodiments such as the illustrated embodiment where the fluid displacement core 24 defines the cylindrical body, the attachment apparatus 24 may comprise a plurality of struts extending between the outside surface of the fluid displacement core 24 and the inside surface of the drum 12, to thereby fixedly position the insert 16 within the drum chamber 28. Of course, other configurations are possible and are contemplated herein.

[0065] Further, in some embodiments, the attachment apparatus 26 may be configured to facilitate the mounting of the drum 12 on another component for using the ground restoration tool 10. For example, in some embodiments, the attachment apparatus 26 may be configured such that the aperture 18 formed in the drum 12 extends through the attachment apparatus 26. In such embodiments, the attachment apparatus 26 may be a hollow rod, a hollow bar, or the like, and the axle may be received through the apertures 18 and the attachment apparatus 26 to mount the drum 12 thereon. [0066] In some embodiments, the attachment apparatus 26 may be configured such that the insert 16 may be removable from the drum 12. In such embodiments, when the insert 16 is removed, the fluid displacement core 24 may be replaceable with an alternate fluid displacement core 24 of a different size and/or shape. Thus, an operator may select a fluid displacement core 24 based on the desired weight of the filled drum 12.

[0067] As an illustrative non-limiting example, to prepare the ground restoration tool 10 of the present disclosure for use, an operator may select the type(s) of teeth 14 best suited for the ground conditions of the area to be restored and attach the teeth 14 to the drum 12. Then, the operator may select an insert 16 and a filler based on the desired weight of the filled drum 12, position the insert 16 within the drum chamber 28 using the attachment apparatus 26, mount the ground restoration tool 10 on equipment suitable for moving the drum 12 along the ground, add the filler to the drum chamber 28, and seal the drum 12(e.g. by closing the openable end thereof).

[0068] The filler may be any suitable filler to add weight and/or structural support to the drum. In some embodiments, the filler is a liquid. In some embodiments, the filler may be water, sand, or a combination thereof.

Ground Restoration Assemblies

[0069] In an embodiment, the present disclosure also relates to a ground restoration assembly, the assembly comprising: a main frame; a plurality of tool frames engaged with the main frame, two or more of the tool frames being independently moveable relative to each other, and each of the tool frames defining a perimeter; and a plurality of floatable ground restoration tools, each of the ground restoration tools positioned within the perimeter of one of the tool frames, and each of the ground restoration tools comprising: a drum defining a drum chamber, a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface of the drum, and an insert within the drum chamber defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define the fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[0070] As used herein, the term “ground restoration assembly” refers to an assembly for restoring a ground area using a plurality of ground restoration tools to promote the growth of plants, trees, and the like thereon. In general, the ground restoration assemblies are capable of repositioning the ground restoration tools such that different widths of ground are engagable therewith. The ground restoration assemblies may be configured to be towed or for autonomous operation.

[0071] As used herein, the term “main frame” refers to a component of the ground restoration assembly to which the other components thereof may be secured. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the main frame may be used to facilitate the positioning of the ground restoration tools relative to each other. As well, the main frame may be used to secure the ground restoration assembly to a machine for moving the ground restoration assembly along a clearing or to configure the ground restoration assembly for autonomous operation. In general, the main frame and the components thereof may be formed of metal. For example, the main frame may be comprise of one or more metal components such as metal bars, hollow metal bars, metal channels, and the like.

[0072] As used herein, the term “tool frame” refers to a frame onto which the ground restoration tools of the present disclosure may be mounted. The tool frames are also engaged with the main frame and thus indirectly secure the ground restoration tools thereto. The tool frames are also moveable relative to each other so that the ground restoration tools may be repositioned to engage with different widths of a ground area. For example, as will be described in greater detail below, the tool frames may articulate relative to each other and/or move laterally relative to each other.

[0073] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a ground restoration assembly 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ground restoration assembly 100 comprises a main frame 102, a plurality of tool frames 104 engaged with the main frame 102, and a plurality of ground restoration tools 10 mounted on the tool frames 104.

[0074] The tool frames 104 each define a perimeter within which the ground restoration tools 10 are positioned when mounted thereon. The tool frames 104 are generally sized and shaped such that the ground restoration tools 10 occupy a majority of the area encompassed by the perimeters thereof. In some embodiments, the tool frames 104 define a rectangular perimeter. In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 may have a length of about 50 inches (about 127 cm) to about 60 inches (about 152.4 cm) and a width of about 40 inches (about 101.6 cm) to about 50 inches (about 127 cm). Of course, different dimensions may be used depending on the size of the ground restoration tools 10.

[0075] As will be described in greater detail below, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may be raised and lowered to disengage the ground restoration tools 10 from the ground. Thus, in such embodiments, the weight of the ground restoration tools 10 may be supported by the tool frames 104. In order to support the weight of the ground restoration tools 10, the tool frames 104 may be formed, for example, of metal components such as solid metal bars, hollow metal bars, metal channels, or the like. The tool frames 104 may have a thickness (as measured between two opposite walls) of about 2 inches (about 5.1 cm) to about 3 inches (about 7.6 cm).

[0076] The ground restoration tools 10 may be mounted on the tool frames using any suitable technique. In some embodiments, each of the tool frames 104 may comprise an axle 106 (see FIG. 3C), and each of the ground restoration tools 10 may be mounted on the axle of a respective tool frame 104. In such embodiments, the ground restoration tools 10 may comprise the apertures 18 to receive therethrough the axles 106 of the tool frames 104. Further, the axles 106 may be secured to top surfaces of the tool frames 104, as shown in the illustrated embodiment. Alternatively, the axles 106 may be secured to bottom surfaces of the tool frames 104. In another embodiment, each of the tool frames 104 may be configured to receive a pin extending orthogonally from each of the ends of the ground restoration tools 10. In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 may comprise a pair of opposing apertures (not shown) for receiving therein the pins of the ground restoration tools 10 to thereby mount the ground restoration tools 10 on the tool frames 104. The apertures may be formed in the tool frames 104 or, alternatively, may be formed in tabs (not shown) secured to the top or bottom surfaces of the tool frames 104.

[0077] As previously described herein, the tool frames 104 are movable relative to each other. In some embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be independently horizontally pivotable, as shown in FIG. 2, moveable laterally relative to each other, as shown in FIG.

7A and FIG. 7B, or a combination thereof. How the tool frames 104 move relative to each other depends in part on the configuration of the main frame 102. A number of example main frame 102 configurations are discussed below. [0078] For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the main frame 102 comprises a crossbar 108 to which at least two tool frames 104 are secured. The tool frames 104 may be positioned laterally adjacent each other. In some embodiments, the crossbar 108 is extendible and retractable to move each of the tool frames 104 secured thereto laterally relative to each other. The crossbar 108 may be made extendible and retractable using any suitable configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the crossbar 108 may comprise a hydraulic arm for moving two or more portions of the crossbar 108 relative to each other. In such embodiments, the hydraulic arm may be housed within the crossbar 108.

[0079] In some embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be articulably secured to the crossbar 108. In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 are articulably secured to the crossbar 108 by way of, for example, a hinge joint, a hydraulic arm, or a combination thereof. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the crossbar 108 is articulably secured to the tool frames 104 by a combination of hydraulic arms 110 and hinge joints 112. In such embodiments, the hydraulic arms 110 may be secured to the ends of the crossbar 108 and the sides of the tool frames 104 such that their extension and retraction causes the tool frames 104 to pivot about the hinge joints 112. As shown in FIG. 2, the extension of the hydraulic arms 110 causes the tool frames 104 to pivot to a point where they are substantially laterally aligned, while the retraction of the hydraulic arms 110 causes the tool frames 104 to pivot to a point where they are positioned at an angle relative to each other.

[0080] In some embodiments, the tool frames 104 articulably secured to the crossbar 108 may be articulable by rotation of between about 1 degree to about 45 degrees. In a further embodiment, the tool frames 104 may be articulable by rotation of between about 5 degrees to about 30 degrees.

[0081] As will be appreciated, when the tool frames 104 are angled relative each other or moved laterally away from each other, a larger width of ground may be engaged by the ground restoration tools 10 than when the tool frames 104 are substantially laterally aligned. Thus, the ground restoration assembly 100 shown in FIG. 2 can be considered to be in an expanded configuration. [0082] FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, and FIG. 3C show another embodiment of the ground restoration assembly 100 of the present disclosure. As shown, the main frame 102 may comprise a central bar 114 secured to the crossbar 108 and extending between the tool frames 104 secured thereto. The central bar 114 may provide additional structural support to the ground restoration assembly 100 and, in some embodiments, means to articulate the tool frames 104. The main frame 102 may also comprise a stabilizing bar 116 secured to the central bar 114 opposite the crossbar 108. In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be positioned between the crossbar 108 and the stabilizing bar 116.

[0083] In some embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be articulably secured to the stabilizing bar 116. The tool frames 104 may be articulably secured to the stabilizing bar 116 such that the tool frames 104 may pivot about a point adjacent the crossbar 108. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the tool frames 104 may be secured to the crossbar 108 by way of hinge joints 112 and configured to pivot thereabout. In some embodiments, the stabilizing bar 116 may comprise hydraulic arms (not shown) secured between each of the tool frames 104 and the stabilizing bar 116. In such embodiments, the extension and retraction of the hydraulic arms may cause the tool frames 104 to pivot about the hinge joints 112 formed between the crossbar 108 and the tool frames 104 to thereby adjust the width of ground engageable by the ground restoration tools 10.

[0084] Alternatively, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, main frame 102 may comprise pivot bars 118 pivotally secured between each of the tool frames 104 and the stabilizing bar 116. The pivot bars 118 may allow the tool frames 104 to pivot about the hinge joints 112 while being stabilized by the stabilizing bar 108. The pivot bars 118 may be pivotally secured between the tool frames and the stabilizing bar in any suitable configuration. In order to articulate the tool frames 104, the central bar 114 may comprise the hydraulic arm 110 at an end thereof, secured between the central bar 114 and the stabilizing bar 116. As shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, extension of the hydraulic arm 110 will move the stabilizing bar 116 away from the crossbar 108. As the stabilizing bar 116 moves away from the crossbar 108, the pivot bars 118 pull the tool frames 104, causing them to pivot about the hinge joints 112 towards the central bar 114. Conversely, the retraction of the hydraulic arm 110 will move the stabilizing bar 116 towards the crossbar 108, which, in turn, causes the pivot bars 118 to pivot the tool frames 104 about the hinge joints 112 away from the central bar 114.Thus, in such embodiments, extending or retracting the hydraulic arm 110 may articulate the tool frames 104.

[0085] FIG. 3A shows the tool frames 104 pivoted towards the central bar 116 and substantially laterally aligned with each other. FIG. 3B shows the tool frames 104 pivoted away from the central bar 116 and positioned at an angle relative to each other. As discussed above, when the tool frames 104 are positioned at an angle relative to each other, the ground restoration tools 10 are engageable with a larger width of ground than when the tool frames 104 are substantially laterally aligned with each other. Thus, the ground restoration assembly 100 shown in FIG. 3B can be considered to be in an expanded configuration.

[0086] FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C show yet another embodiment of the ground restoration assembly 100 of the present disclosure. As shown, the main frame 102 may comprise the crossbar 108 articulably secured to which is a first row of tool frames 104 each having positioned therein one of the ground restoration tools 10. Positioned in line with the first row is a second row of tool frames 104 each having positioned therein one of the ground restoration tools 10. As shown in FIG. 4A, the tool frames 104 of the first row may be articulably secured to the crossbar 108 in the same manner as previously described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool frames 104 of the first row are each articulably engaged with the crossbar 108 by way of the hinge joints 112.

[0087] The tool frames 104 of the second row may each be movably secured to the tool frame 104 of the first row in line therewith. For example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the main frame 102 may comprise the one or more pivot bars 118 pivotally secured between the tool frames 104 of the first row and the tool frames 104 of the second row in line with each other. In some embodiments, the pivot bars 118 may be secured to the same corner of each of a tool frame 104 in the first row and a tool frame 104 in the second row, as shown in the illustrated embodiment. In operation, the pivot bars 118 may pivot between a first in-line position, wherein the pivot bars 118 are substantially flush with a side of the tool frames 104 to position the first row of tool frames 104 in line with the second row of tool frames 104, and a second expanded position, wherein the pivot bars 118 extend away from the tool frames 104 at an angle to stagger the tool frames 104 of the second row relative to the first pair of tool frames 104. [0088] Thus, as shown in a comparison between FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the tool frames 104 of the second row are moveable laterally relative to each other. A number of configurations may be used to laterally move the tool frames 104 of the second row. For example, the main frame 102 may comprise a central bar (not shown in FIG. 4) having hydraulic arms secured orthogonally between the central bar and each of the tool frames 104 of the second row. In operation, the hydraulic arms may extend and retract to move the tool frames 104 of the second row laterally relative to each other. As will be appreciated, when tool frames 104 of the second row are moved laterally away from each other, the width of ground engageable by the ground restoration tools 10 is increased and, as a result, the ground restoration assembly 100 may be considered to be in an expanded configuration.

[0089] The ground restoration assemblies 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4C may be configured to be towed by a machine such as a truck, tractor, a treaded carrier (e.g. those manufactured by Morooka), an amphibious excavator, and the like. In some embodiments, the crossbar 108 may be configured to engage with a hitch system. In such embodiments, the hitch system may be a three-point hitch system. Three-point hitch systems may advantageously allow the ground restoration assembly 100 to be raised and lowered during use to provide an operator with greater control over the engagement of the ground restoration tools 10 with the ground area being restored.

[0090] In some embodiments, the ground restoration assemblies 100 of the present disclosure may have two or more subassemblies interconnected together. As used herein, a “subassembly” may refer to any individual unit of a ground restoration assembly 100 disclosed herein that has at least two tool frames 104 each comprising a ground restoration tool 10. The subassemblies may be interconnected to each other in any suitable manner.

In an embodiment, the subassemblies may be interconnected to each other by connecting the central bar 114 of each subassembly to one another, for example as shown in FIG. 5A and 5B where three subassemblies are interconnected to each other (labelled as “a”, “b” and “c”). In an embodiment, each of the subassemblies of the ground restoration assembly 100 comprise two or more tool frames 104 that are independently moveable relative to each other. In other embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may comprise a combination of subassemblies in which some of the subassemblies comprise tool frames 104 that are independently moveable relative to each other (e.g. a and c in FIG. 5A) and some of the subassemblies comprise stationary tool frames 104 (e.g. c in FIG. 5A).

[0091] The different individual subassemblies may be interconnected in various different manners to provide ground restoration assemblies 100 of many different configurations. Again referring to FIG. 5A, here three different subassemblies are shown interconnected to each other by linking or hooking-up respective ends of the central bar 114 of each subassembly. Two of the subassemblies contain tool frames 104 that are independently moveable relative to each other (i.e. a and c), while the middle subassembly (i.e. b) comprises two stationary tool frames 104. The connection point between the subassemblies may provide a point of rotation to allow each subassembly to be rotatably connectable to each other (e.g. to improve turning capability of the ground restoration assembly), or the connection point may lock the subassemblies in a set orientation. In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, four subassemblies are interconnected to each other (labelled as “a”, “b”, “c” and “d”). In this embodiment, subassemblies of reverse orientation frontwards to backwards, one subassembly of a/b and the other of c/d, are interconnected by a hitch 119. The hitch 119 provides a point of rotation, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 6A, the links between subassemblies a and b and between subassemblies c and d are typically fixed to prevent rotation. However, they may also be configured as points of rotation. Various different configurations are possible and contemplated herein by the alternate mechanisms described for articulating the tool frames and different arrangements of subassemblies and connections therebetween.

[0092] Turning now to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B in more detail, these figures show yet another embodiment of the ground restoration assembly 100 of the present disclosure. As shown, the main frame 102 may comprise one or more central bars 114 to which, over the whole of its length, are secured two crossbars 108 such that they may be movable along the central bar 114. The tool frames 104 of subassemblies a and c may be articulably secured between the crossbar 108 and the central bar 114 using any suitable technique such as those previously described herein. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the tool frames 104 are articulably secured to the crossbars 108 by way of the pivot bars 118 (see FIG. 5A) and to the central bar 114 by way of hinge joints (not shown). [0093] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, movement of the crossbars 108 along the central bar 114 articulates the tool frames 104. In more detail, the crossbars 108 may be moved along the central bar 114 to pivot the tool frames 104 towards or away from the central bar 114 about the hinge joint. The crossbars 108 may be moved along the central bar 114 using the hydraulic arms 110. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the extension of the hydraulic arms 110 will push the crossbars 108 towards each other, causing the tool frames 104 to pivot towards the central bar 114 such that they are substantially laterally aligned, while the retraction of the hydraulic arms 110 will cause the tool frames 104 to pivot away from the central bar 114 such that they are positioned at an angle relative to each other.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 5A, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may also comprise two or more tool frames 104 secured to the central bar 114 between the two crossbars 108 (subassembly b). In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be articulably secured to the central bar 114 using any configuration previously described herein. Alternatively, as in FIG. 5A, the tool frames 104 may be immovably secured to the central bar 114.

[0095] As previously described herein, articulating the tool frames 104 away from the central bar 114 such that the tool frames 104 are positioned at an angle relative to each other increases the width of ground that is engageable by the ground restoration tools 10. The ground restoration assembly 100 illustrated in FIG. 5A may therefore be considered to be in an expanded configuration.

[0096] Further, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B may be configured for autonomous operation. In more detail, referring to FIG. 5B, the ground restoration assembly 100 may comprise an engine 126, a fuel source 128 (e.g. hydrocarbon, solar or other renewable energy source) to power the engine, a computing device (not shown), and a non-transitory computer-readable storage device (not shown) storing computer-executable code for operating the ground restoration assembly 100. In such embodiments, the main frame 102 may comprise a drive shaft (not shown) housed within the central bar 114. The drive shave may be engaged with the engine 126 and at least two of the ground restoration tools 10 such that the engine is capable of causing the ground restoration tools 10 to rotate and thus move the ground restoration assembly 100. The engine 126, the fuel source 128, the computing device, and the non-transitory computer-readable storage device may be mounted on the central bar 114 or, alternatively, on platforms 130 secured to the central bar 114 (see FIG. 5A).

[0097] Turning now to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B in more detail, these figures show yet another embodiment of the ground restoration assembly 100 of the present disclosure. As shown, the embodiment of FIG. 6A and 6B comprises either tools frames 104 having ground restoration tools 10. The ground restoration assembly 100 as a whole includes four subassemblies, with two (a and ID) at a reverse orientation to the other two (c and d). These two reverse orientation units are interconnected by a hitch 119. The tool frames 104 of subassemblies a and d may be articulably secured between the crossbar 108 and the central bar 114 using any suitable technique such as those previously described herein. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the tool frames 104 are articulably secured to the crossbars 108 by way of the pivot bars 118 (see FIG. 6A) and to the central bar 114 by way of hinge joints (not shown).

[0098] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, movement of the crossbars 108 along the central bar 114 articulates the tool frames 104. In more detail, the crossbars 108 may be moved along the central bar 114 to pivot the tool frames 104 towards or away from the central bar 114 about the hinge joint. The crossbars 108 may be moved along the central bar 114 using the hydraulic arms 110. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the extension of the hydraulic arms 110 will push the crossbars 108 towards each other, causing the tool frames 104 to pivot towards the central bar 114 such that they are substantially laterally aligned, while the retraction of the hydraulic arms 110 will cause the tool frames 104 to pivot away from the central bar 114 such that they are positioned at an angle relative to each other.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 6A, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may also comprise two or more tool frames 104 secured to the central bar 114 between the two crossbars 108 (subassemblies b and c). In such embodiments, the tool frames 104 may be articulably secured to the central bar 114 using any configuration previously described herein. Alternatively, as in FIG. 6A, the tool frames 104 may be immovably secured to the central bar 114. [00100] As previously described herein, articulating the tool frames 104 away from the central bar 114 such that the tool frames 104 are positioned at an angle relative to each other increases the width of ground that is engageable by the ground restoration tools 10. The ground restoration assembly 100 illustrated in FIG. 6A may therefore be considered to be in an expanded configuration.

[00101] Further, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B may be configured for autonomous operation similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5A and 5B. In more detail, referring to FIG. 6B, the ground restoration assembly 100 may comprise an engine 126, a fuel source 128 (e.g. hydrocarbon, solar or other renewable energy source) to power the engine, a computing device (not shown), and a non-transitory computer-readable storage device (not shown) storing computer-executable code for operating the ground restoration assembly 100. In such embodiments, the main frame 102 may comprise a drive shaft (not shown) housed within the central bar 114. The drive shave may be engaged with the engine 126 and at least two of the ground restoration tools 10 such that the engine is capable of causing the ground restoration tools 10 to rotate and thus move the ground restoration assembly 100. The engine 126, the fuel source 128, the computing device, and the non-transitory computer-readable storage device may be mounted on the central bar 114 or, alternatively, on platforms 130 secured to the central bar 114 (see FIG. 6A).

[00102] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B show yet another embodiment of the ground restoration assembly 100 of the present disclosure. As shown, the main frame 102 may comprise a connecting bar 120 secured between laterally-aligned tool frames 104. In some embodiments, the connecting bar 120 may have an adjustable length such that laterally- aligned tool frames 104 connected thereto are moveable laterally towards and away from each other. In a further embodiment, the connecting bar 120 may be T-shaped such that it may be secured between three tool frames 104 (e.g. the laterally-aligned tool frames 104 and an additional tool frame 104), as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG 7B. In such embodiments, two laterally-aligned tool frames 104 may be moveable while the position of the third tool frame 104 is maintained.

[00103] Further, as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, in some embodiments, the main frame 102 may comprise engagement frames 122 for engaging the tool frames 104 (e.g. the laterally-aligned tool frames 104) with a machine 124 for towing. In such embodiments, the connecting arm 120 may be secured between the engagement frames 122. In addition to towing the ground restoration assembly 100, the machine 124 may also be used to move the tool frames 104 engaged therewith via the engagement frames 122 relative to each other. For example, in some embodiments, the machine 122 may be an amphibious excavator having a pair of pontoons that are each engaged with one of the engagement frames 122. The pontoons may be moveable laterally relative to each other, which, in turn, will cause the tool frames 104 to move correspondingly.

[00104] In light of the above, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may comprise two or three or four or five or six or more ground restoration tools 10, each positioned within one of the tool frames 104.

[00105] In some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may comprise a braking system (not shown). The braking system may be mounted and/or configured to the ground restoration assembly 100 in any suitable fashion to provide for slowing and/or stopping the rotation of one or more of the ground restoration tools 10 and/or the ground restoration assembly 100 as a whole. In an embodiment, the braking system may be mounted to the main frame 102, mounted to the ground restoration tool 10 (internal or external), mounted to an axle, or any combination thereof.

[00106] The braking system may be any suitable braking system. For example and without limitation, the braking system may be a drum braking system, a disc braking system, or the like. In some embodiments, the braking system may comprise a plate secured to a hydraulic arm, the hydraulic arm configured to press the plate against the drum of the ground restoration tool 10 to thereby slow and/or stop the rotation thereof. Further, the braking system may be engaged and disengaged in any suitable manner. In an embodiment, the braking system is manually engaged by an operator. In an embodiment, the braking system is automatically engaged by a brake controller in response to operation of the brakes of a vehicle pulling the ground restoration assembly 100. In an embodiment, the braking system is engaged in an automatic manner, such as based on a maximum set speed of rotation of the ground restoration tool 10 or by a relay signal (e.g. repeating on/off signal). [00107] Further, as previously described herein, in some embodiments, the ground restoration assembly 100 may be modular. In such embodiments, a ground restoration tool 10 mounted on a tool frame 104 may define a module such that each ground restoration assembly 100 comprises two or more modules. An operator may secure or detach modules to and from the mainframe 102 of the ground restoration assembly 100 as desired to produce, for example, any of the ground restoration assembly configurations previously described herein.

Methods of Ground Restoration

[00108] In an embodiment, the present disclosure also relates to a method of restoring a ground area, the method comprising: engaging a ground area with two or more floatable ground restoration tools having a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface thereof; adjusting the position of the two or more ground restoration tools relative to each other such that a selected width of the ground area is engaged with the two or more ground restoration tools; and moving the ground restoration tools along the ground area.

[00109] As previously described herein, in some embodiments, the ground area may be a previously-cleared ground area. In such embodiments, the previously-cleared ground area may be a linear clearing such as a seismic line created for seismic exploration.

[00110] In some embodiments, the ground area may comprise one or more wetlands. The wetlands may be, for example, peatlands such as swamps, bogs, marches, fens, etc. As previously described herein, the ground restoration tools and, by extension, the ground restoration assemblies of the present disclosure are floatable and thus capable of readily navigating such wetlands.

[00111] Further, in some embodiments, the adjusting of the position of the two or more ground restoration tools may comprise articulating two or more ground restoration tools relative to each other. In such embodiments, the articulating of the two or more ground restoration tools may comprise pivoting the two or more ground restoration tools horizontally relative to each other. In other embodiments, the adjusting the position of the two or more ground restoration tools comprises moving the two or more ground restoration tools laterally relative to each other. [00112] As previously described herein, the moving of the two or more ground restoration tools along the ground area may be accomplished by towing the ground restoration tools with a truck, a tractor, a treaded carrier, an amphibious excavator, or the like. Alternatively, the two or more ground restoration tools may be included in an autonomous ground restoration assembly that is capable of moving the ground restoration tools without the direction of an operator. Such embodiments may be particularly useful for restoring linear clearings.

Kit-of-Parts

[00113] The ground restoration tools of the present disclosure may be provided to a consumer as a kit-of-parts for restoring a ground area.

[00114] In an embodiment, the present disclosure thus relates to a kit-of-parts for restoring a ground area, the kit-of-parts comprising: at least one drum defining a drum chamber; and at least one insert positionable within the drum chamber of the at least one drum, the at least one insert when positioned within the drum chamber of the at least one drum defining a fluidly sealed insert chamber, the insert comprising an attachment apparatus to fixedly position the insert within the drum chamber and a fluid displacement core to define the fluidly sealed insert chamber.

[00115] The at least one drum and the least one insert may be configured in the same manner as the drum 12 and the insert 16 previously described herein, respectively. For example, in some embodiments, the at least one drum comprises a plurality of teeth dispersed about an outside surface thereof. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the kit-of- parts may comprise a plurality of teeth that are dispersible about an outside surface of the at least one drum.

[00116] Further, any number of drums and inserts may be included in the kit-of-parts. In some embodiments, the kit-of-parts may comprise one insert for every drum. In other embodiments, the kit-of-parts may include multiple inserts (e.g. inserts of different configurations) for every drum. In such embodiments, the kit-of-parts may comprise a plurality of the fluid displacement cores of the inserts and the plurality of the fluid displacement cores may be of one or more different sizes. [00117] In some embodiments, the kit-of-parts further comprises at least one tool frame for mounting thereon the at least one drum and a main frame for securing thereto the at least one tool frame. It is noted that the at least one tool frame and the main frame may be configured in the same manner as the tool frame 104 and main frame 102 previously described herein, respectively. As will be appreciated, the number of tool frames included in the kit-of-parts may generally correspond to the number of drums.

[00118] In the present disclosure, all terms referred to in singular form are meant to encompass plural forms of the same. Likewise, all terms referred to in plural form are meant to encompass singular forms of the same. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[00119] As used herein, the term “about” refers to an approximately +/-10 % variation from a given value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in any given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.

[00120] It should be understood that the compositions and methods are described in terms of "comprising," "containing," or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also "consist essentially of or "consist of the various components and steps. Moreover, the indefinite articles "a" or "an," as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces.

[00121] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range are specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b," or, equivalently, "from approximately a to b," or, equivalently, "from approximately a-b") disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values even if not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited.

[00122] Therefore, the present disclosure is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present disclosure may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Although individual embodiments are discussed, the disclosure covers all combinations of all those embodiments. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent(s) or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted.

[00123] Many obvious variations of the embodiments set out herein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure. Such obvious variations are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.