[0001] LINK LAYER QUALITY OF SERVICE PARAMETER MAPPING

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The disclosed subject matter relates to wireless communications. In particular, it relates to mapping of link layer quality of service (QoS) parameters.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard defines mechanisms and procedures that aid in the execution and management of inter-access technology mobility management. IEEE 802.21 defines three main services available to Mobility Management applications. Referring to Figure 1, these services are the Event Service 100, the Information Service 105 and the Command Service 110. These services aid in the management of handover operations, system discovery and system selection by providing information and triggers from lower layers 115 to upper layers 120, and lower layer commands from upper layers 120 to lower layers 115 via a media independent handover function (MIHF) 125. While Figure 1 shows MIHF 125 as a middle layer in a protocol stack, MIHF 125 may also be implemented as an MIH plane that is capable of exchanging information and triggers directly with each and every layer of a technology specific protocol stack.

[0006] Events may indicate changes in state and transmission behavior of the physical, data link and logical link layers, or predict state changes of these layers. The Event Service 100 may also be used to indicate management actions or command status on the part of the network or a management entity. The command service 110 enables higher layers to control the physical, data link, and logical link layers (referred to collectively as lower layers). The higher layers may control the reconfiguration or selection of an appropriate link through a set of handover commands. If a MIHF supports the command service, all MIH commands are mandatory in nature. When an MIHF receives a command, it is always expected to execute the command. The Information Service 105 provides a framework and corresponding mechanisms by which a MIHF entity may

discover and obtain network information existing within a geographical area to facilitate handover.

[0007] IEEE 802.21 also provides a uniform set of functionalities that help enable and enhance media independent handovers across different link-layer technologies. IEEE 802.21 defines a Quality of Service (QoS) parameter which provides a qualitative measure of the performance of a specific link-layer technology; such as transfer speed (throughput), packet transfer delay, packet loss, and the like.

[0008] Currently IEEE 802.21 has defined a mapping table comprised of the IEEE 802.21 defined QoS link parameters and the corresponding QoS link parameters of various link-layer technologies including IEEE 802.16, 3GPP, and 3GPP2. Each link-layer technology therefore has a specific set of QoS parameters that differ from the IEEE 802.21 QoS parameters and each other. [0009] Table 1 shows an example service link parameter mapping across various radio access technologies. By way of example, IEEE 802.21 QoS parameters are mapped to IEEE 802.16 and 3GPP QoS parameters. The current IEEE 802.21 standard parameter mapping lacks sufficient detail for providing a reasonable and 3GPP-equivalent QoS over non-3GPP technologies.

Table 1

[0010] SUMMARY

[0011] A QoS parameter mapping of 3GPP QoS parameters to IEEE 802.21

MIH link QoS parameters for providing 3GPP-equivalent QoS over non-3GPP access technologies is disclosed. The mapping includes an IEEE 802.21 Supported Number of Class of Service (CoS) parameter to indicate supported 3GPP QoS classes (conversational, streaming, interactive, and background). IEEE 802.21 MIH capable networks may use, for example, the mapping to improve access-independent mobility management.

[0012] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had from the following description, given by way of example and to be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0014] Figure 1 is an IEEE 802.21 protocol architecture according to the prior art;

[0015] Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a method of mapping 3GPP QoS

Parameters contained in a 3GPP information element (IE) to IEEE 802.21 Link

QoS Parameters;

[0016] Figure 3 is a flow diagram of a method of mapping IEEE 802.21

Link QoS Parameters to 3GPP QoS Parameters; and

[0017] Figure 4 is a WTRU and access point configured to map 3GPP QoS

Parameters and IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters as disclosed herein.

[0018] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] When referred to herein, the terminology "wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)" includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a mesh node, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the terminology "access point " (AP) includes but is not limited to a

Node-B, a site controller, a base station, or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment.

[0020] To facilitate access-independent mobility management, IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters are mapped to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) QoS parameters. A WTRU operating in a 3GPP access network (such as a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)) may utilize 3GPP QoS parameters for normal operation and intra-access system mobility. For mobility management with external networks, detailed 3GPP QoS parameters are mapped to IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters in accordance with Table 2 below. External networks having different QoS parameters may then utilize the IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters for mobility management, such as inter-system handover, for example. The mapping is bidirectional, meaning IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters may be mapped to 3GPP QoS parameters, and 3GPP QoS parameters may be mapped to IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters in accordance with Table 2 below, as the access system architecture and mobility scenario warrants.

[0021]

Table 2

[0022] The IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters include a supported number of class of service (CoS) parameter, a throughput parameter, a link packet error rate parameter, a CoS packet transfer delay parameter, a CoS average packet transfer delay parameter, a CoS maximum packet transfer delay parameter, a CoS packet transfer delay jitter parameter, and a CoS packet loss rate parameter. The supported number of CoS parameter indicates the maximum number of differentiable classes of service supported. The throughput parameter indicates various metrics associated with a data rate of a communication link. The CoS packet transfer delay parameter indicates the minimum packet transfer delay for all CoS defined as the minimum delay over a class population of interest. The CoS average packet transfer delay parameter indicates the average packet transfer delay for all CoS defined as the arithmetic mean of the delay over

a class population of interest. The CoS maximum packet transfer delay parameter indicates the maximum packet transfer delay for all CoS defined as the maximum delay over a class population of interest. The CoS packet transfer delay jitter parameter indicates the packet transfer delay jitter for all CoS defined as the standard deviation of the delay over a class population of interest. The CoS packet loss rate parameter indicates the packet loss rate for all CoS defined as the ratio between the number of frames that are transmitted but not received and the total number of frames transmitted over a class population of interest.

[0023] Referring still to Table 2 above, 3GPP QoS parameters are associated with at least one of four 3GPP defined CoS: Conversational, Streaming, Interactive and Background. Certain 3GPP QoS parameters are only associated with one or two CoS. For example, the 3GPP delay variation QoS parameter is only associated with the 3GPP streaming CoS. Of course, many 3GPP parameters are defined and applicable for all four CoS. [0024] Figure 2 is a method 200 for mapping 3GPP QoS parameters contained in a 3GPP QoS IE to IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters. First, a mapping entity receives a 3GPP QoS IE, (step 210). The mapping entity then maps the received 3GPP QoS Parameters contained in the 3GPP QoS IE to IEEE 802.21 Link QoS parameters, (step 220). This mapping may be performed in accordance with Table 2 above. Finally, the mapping entity outputs an IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters IE containing the mapped IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters, (step 230). The mapping entity may be any entity, such as a media independent handover function (MIHF) or the like.

[0025] Figure 3 is a method 300 for mapping IEEE 802.21 Link QoS

Parameters to 3GPP QoS parameters. First, a mapping entity receives an IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters IE, (step 210). The mapping entity then maps the received IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters contained in the IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameters IE to 3GPP QoS Parameters, (step 220). This mapping may be performed in accordance with Table 2 above. Finally, the mapping entity outputs a 3GPP QoS IE containing the mapped 3GPP QoS Parameters, (step 230). The

mapping entity may be any entity, such as a media independent handover function (MIHF) or the like.

[0026] Figure 4 is a WTRU 400 and access point 405 configured to implement the QoS parameter mapping described herein. WTRU 400 includes a processor 410, an MIH function 415, and a plurality of transceivers 420a...42On, each configured to operate using a different radio access technology and protocol. The processor 410 is configured to operate protocol stacks according to Figure 1 and the respective access technologies associated with transceivers 420a...42On. Further, the Processor 410 and MIH function 415 are capable of mapping QoS parameters of access technologies to IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters in accordance with Table 2 above as well as Figures 3 and 4. [0027] Access point 405 includes a processor 425, an MIH function 430, and a transceiver 435. The access point 405 communicates with WTRU 400 via air interface 440. WTRU 400 may communicate with a plurality of access points using differing radio access technologies and protocols. The processor 425 of the access point 405 is configured to operate a protocol stacks according to Figure 1 and typically one lower layer access technology stack, although multiple access technology stacks may be implemented by the access point 405. Further, the Processor 425 and MIH function 430 are capable of mapping QoS parameters of access technologies to IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters in accordance with Table 2 above as well as Figures 3 and 4.

[0028] In one embodiment, access point 405 is a 3GPP UMTS base station.

WTRU 400 includes a 3GPP UMTS transceiver (one of the plurality of transceivers 420a...42On) for communicating with access point 405 via air interface 440. MIH function 430 of access point 405 is configured to map 3GPP QoS parameters to IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters in accordance with Table 2 above as well as Figures 3 and 4. Mapped parameters may be stored locally at the access point 405 or in an MIH server (MIHS) 445. MIHS 445 may further facilitate mobility management by transferring IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters to various access networks (independently or responsive to a request).

[0029] Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention. The methods or flow charts provided in the present invention may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor. Examples of computer- readable storage mediums include a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto- optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).

[0030] Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state machine. [0031] A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a keyboard, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) module.

[0032] Embodiments

1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a receiver configured to receive a third generation partnership project (3GPP) quality of service (QoS) information element including a plurality of 3GPP QoS parameters.

2. The WTRU of embodiment 1, further comprising: a media independent handover (MIH) function.

3. The WTRU of embodiment 2, wherein the MIH function is operably coupled to the receiver.

4. The WTRU of embodiment 2, wherein the MIH function is a layer in a protocol stack.

5. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-5, wherein the MIH function is configured to map the plurality of 3GPP QoS parameters to a plurality of IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters.

6. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-6, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive an IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter IE including a plurality of IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters.

7. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-7, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map the plurality of IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters to a plurality of 3GPP QoS parameters.

8. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-8, further comprising: a transmitter operably coupled to the processor.

9. The WTRU according to embodiment 8, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit at least one of the plurality of IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters.

10. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 8-9, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit at least one the plurality of 3GPP QoS parameters.

11. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-10, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a 3GPP QoS parameter indicating a conversation QoS class, a streaming QoS class, an interactive QoS class, or a background QoS class with a Supported Number of Class of Service (CoS) IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameter.

12. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-11, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a peak throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, a mean throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, and a maximum bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS Parameter with a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

13. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-12, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a guaranteed bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

14. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-13, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a service data unit (SDU) error ratio 3GPP QoS parameter and a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter with a link packet error rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

15. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-14, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a CoS minimum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

16. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-15, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a CoS average packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

17. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-16, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a maximum transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class of a streaming QoS class with a CoS maximum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

18. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-17, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a delay variation 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a streaming QoS class with a CoS packet transfer delay jitter IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

19. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-18, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter with a CoS packet loss rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

20. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-19, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a Supported Number of Class of Service (CoS) IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameter with a 3GPP QoS parameter indicating a conversation QoS class, a streaming QoS class, an interactive QoS class, or a background QoS class.

21. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-20, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a peak throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, a mean throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, and a maximum bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter.

22. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-21, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a guaranteed bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

23. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-22, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a link packet error rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a service data unit (SDU) error ratio 3GPP QoS parameter and a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter.

24. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-23, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS minimum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

25. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-24, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS average packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

26. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-25, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS maximum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a maximum transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class of a streaming QoS class.

27. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-26, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS packet transfer delay jitter IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a delay variation 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a streaming QoS class.

28. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 2-27, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS packet loss rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter.

29. A WTRU according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the WTRU is a mobile station.

30. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 1-28, wherein the WTRU is an access point.

31. A WTRU according to any of embodiments 1-28, wherein the WTRU is a base station.

32. A media independent handover (MIH) server (MIHS) comprising: an MIH function configured to map a 3GPP QoS parameters to an

IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters.

33. The MIHS of embodiment 32, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map the plurality of IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameters to a plurality of 3GPP QoS parameters.

34. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-33, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a 3GPP QoS parameter indicating a conversation QoS class, a streaming QoS class, an interactive QoS class, or a background QoS class with a Supported Number of Class of Service (CoS) IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameter.

35. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-34, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a peak throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, a mean throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, and a maximum bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS Parameter with a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

36. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-35, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a guaranteed bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

37. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-36, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a service data unit (SDU) error ratio 3GPP QoS parameter and a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter with a link packet error rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

38. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-37, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a CoS minimum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

39. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-38, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class with a CoS average packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

40. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-39, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a maximum transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class of a streaming QoS class with a CoS maximum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

41. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-40, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a delay variation 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a streaming QoS class with a CoS packet transfer delay jitter IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

42. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-41, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter with a CoS packet loss rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter.

43. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-42, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a Supported Number of Class of Service (CoS) IEEE 802.21 Link QoS Parameter with a 3GPP QoS parameter indicating a conversation QoS class, a streaming QoS class, an interactive QoS class, or a background QoS class.

44. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-43, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a peak throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, a mean throughput 3GPP QoS parameter, and a maximum bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter.

45. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-44, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a throughput IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a guaranteed bit rate for uplink/downlink 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

46. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-45, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a link packet error rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with at least one of a service data unit (SDU) error ratio 3GPP QoS parameter and a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter.

47. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-46, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS minimum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

48. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-47, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS average packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class or a streaming QoS class.

49. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-48, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS maximum packet transfer delay IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a maximum transfer delay 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a conversational QoS class of a streaming QoS class.

50. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-49, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS packet transfer delay jitter IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a delay variation 3GPP QoS parameter associated with a streaming QoS class.

51. An MIHS according to any of embodiments 32-49, wherein the MIH function is further configured to map a CoS packet loss rate IEEE 802.21 link QoS parameter with a residual bit error rate 3GPP QoS parameter.