LIQUID CLEANING COMPOSITION HAVING IMPROVED GREASE REMOVAL PROPERTIES Background of the Invention ! In recent years cleaning compositions have become widely accepted for cleaning hard surfaces, e. g. , painted woodwork and panels, tiled walls, dishware wash bowls, bathtubs, linoleum or tile floors, washable wall paper, etc. Cleaning compositions comprise clear and opaque aqueous mixtures of water-soluble organic detergents and water-soluble detergent builder salts. In order to achieve comparable cleaning efficiency with granular or powdered all-purpose cleaning compositions, use of water- soluble inorganic phosphate builder salts was favored in the prior art all-purpose liquids.

For example, such early phosphate-containing compositions are described in U. S.

Patent Nos. 2,560, 839; 3,234, 138; 3,350, 319; and British Patent No. 1,223, 739.

An approach to formulating a cleaning composition where product homogeneity and clarity are important considerations involves the formation of oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions which contain one or more surface-active detergent compounds, a water-immiscible solvent (typically a hydrocarbon solvent), water and a"cosurfactant" compound which provides product stability. By definition, an o/w microemulsion is a spontaneously forming colloidal dispersion of"oil"phase particles having a particle size in the range of 25 to 800 A in a continuous aqueous phase.

In view, of the extremely fine particle size of the dispersed oil phase particles, microemulsions are transparent to light and are clear and usually highly stable against phase separation.

Patent disclosures relating to use of grease-removal solvents in o/w microemulsions include, for example, European Patent Applications EP 0137615 and EP 0137616-Herbots et al ; European Patent Application EP 0160762-Johnston et al ; and U. S. Patent No. 4,561, 991-Herbots et al. Each of these patent disclosures also teaches using at least 5% by weight of grease-removal solvent.

It also is known from British Patent Application GB 2144763A to Herbots et al, published March 13,1985, that magnesium salts enhance grease-removal performance of organic grease-removal solvents, such as the terpenes, in o/w microemulsion liquid detergent compositions. The compositions of this invention described by Herbots et al. require at least 5% of the mixture of grease-removal solvent and magnesium salt and preferably at least 5% of solvent (which may be a mixture of water-immiscible non-polar solvent with a sparingly soluble slightly polar solvent) and at least 0. 1 % magnesium salt.

However, since the amount of water immiscible and sparingly soluble components which can be present in an o/w microemulsion, with low total active ingredients without impairing the stability of the microemulsion is rather limited (for example, up to 18% by weight of the aqueous phase), the presence of such high quantities of grease-removal solvent tend to reduce the total amount of greasy or oily soils which can be taken up by and into the microemulsion without causing phase separation.

The following representative prior art patents also relate to liquid detergent cleaning compositions in the form of o/w microemulsions : U. S. Patents Nos.. 4,472, 291 - Rosario ; 4,540, 448-Gauteer et al ; 3,723, 330-Sheflin ; etc.

Liquid cleaning compositions which include terpenes, such as d-limonene, or other grease-removal solvent, although not disclosed to be in the form of o/w microemulsions, are the subject matter of the following representative patent documents: European Patent Application 0080749; British Patent Specification 1,603, 047; 4,414, 128; and 4,540, 505. For example, U. S. Patent No. 4,414, 128 broadly discloses an aqueous liquid detergent composition characterized by, by weight: (a) from 1 % to 20% of a synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant or mixture thereof; (b) from 0.5% to 10% of a mono-or sesquiterpene or mixture thereof, at a weight ratio of (a): (b) lying in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 3; and

(c) from 0.5% 10% of a polar solvent having a solubility in water at 15°C in the range of from 0.2% to 10%. Other ingredients present in the formulations disclosed in this patent include from 0.05% to 2% by weight of an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium soap of a C13-C24 fatty acid; a calcium sequestrant from 0.5% to 13% by weight; non-aqueous solvent, e. g., alcohols and glycol ethers, up to 10% by weight; and hydrotropes, e. g. , urea, ethanolamines, salts of lower alkylaryl sulfonates, up to 10% by weight. All of the formulations shown in the Examples of this patent include relatively large amounts of detergent builder salts which are detrimental to surface shine.

U. S. Patent 5, 082, 584 discloses a microemulsion composition having an anionic surfactant, a cosurfactant, nonionic surfactant, perfume and water; however, these compositions are not light duty liquid compositions.

The prior art is replete with light duty liquid detergent compositions containing nonionic surfactants in combination with anionic and/or betaine surfactants wherein the nonionic detergent is not the major active surfactant, as shown in U. S. Patent No.

3,658, 985 wherein an anionic based shampoo contains a minor amount of a fatty acid alkanolamide. U. S. Patent No. 3,769, 398 discloses a betaine-based shampoo containing minor amounts of nonionic surfactants. This patent states that the low foaming properties of nonionic detergents renders its use in shampoo compositions non-preferred. U. S. Patent No. 4,329, 335 also discloses a shampoo containing a betaine surfactant as the major ingredient and minor amounts of a nonionic surfactant and of a fatty acid mono-or di-ethanolamide. U. S. Patent No. 4,259, 204 discloses a shampoo comprising 0.8-20% by weight of an anionic phosphoric acid ester and one additional surfactant which may be either anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic. U. S. Patent No. 4,329, 334 discloses an anionic-amphoteric based shampoo containing a major amount of anionic surfactant and lesser amounts of a betaine and nonionic surfactants.

The prior art also discloses detergent compositions containing all nonionic surfactants as shown in U. S. Patent Nos. 4,154, 706 and 4,329, 336 wherein the shampoo compositions contain a plurality of particular nonionic surfactants in order to

effect desirable foaming and detersive properties despite the fact that nonionic surfactants are usually deficient in such properties.

U. S. Patent No. 4,013, 787 discloses a piperazine based polymer in conditioning and shampoo compositions which may contain all nonionic surfactant or all anionic surfactant.

U. S. Patent 4,671, 895 teaches a liquid detergent composition containing an alcohol sulfate surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a paraffin sulfonate surfactant, an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant and water but fails to disclose an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant.

U. S. Patent No. 4,450, 091 discloses high viscosity shampoo compositions containing a blend of an amphoteric betaine surfactant, a polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent, an anionic surfactant, a fatty acid alkanolamide and a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty ester. But, none of the exemplified compositions contains an active ingredient mixture wherein the nonionic detergent is present in major proportion, probably due to the low foaming properties of the polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent.

U. S. Patent No. 4,595, 526 describes a composition comprising a nonionic surfactant, a betaine surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a C12-C14 fatty acid monethanolamide foam stabilizer.

However, none of the above-cited patents discloses a liquid cleaning composition containing a two linear alkyl benzene sulfonate anionic surfactants, an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, a preservative system, a cheating agent, an inorganic magnesium salt, and water and optionally an alkyl monoalkanol amide such as an alkanol monoethanol amide (LMMEA), a zwitterionic surfactant, and/or an amine oxide, and the composition does not contain gluconic acid, ethylene diaminetetraacetate sodium salt, any abrasives, silicas, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant, cyclic imidinium surfactant, alkali metal carbonates or more than 3 wt. % of a fatty acid or its salt thereof, a nitrogenous buffer selected from the group consisting of ammonium or alkaline carbonates, quanidine derivatives, alkoxyl alkylamines, and alkyleneamines, and a grease release agent which is an ethoxylated maleic anhydride-alpha-olefin copolymer having a comblike structure with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains and the copolymer is characterized by the formula :

wherein n is 5 to 14, x is 7 to 19, and y is of such a value as to provide a molecular weight 10,000 to 30,000.

Summary of the Invention This invention relates to a liquid cleaning composition having a pH of 8 to 10 and containing at least two linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants, an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactants, an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, optionally an amine oxide surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and/or an alkyl monoalkanol amide surfactants and mixtures thereof, a preservative system, a chelating agent and water, wherein the composition does not contain gluconic acid, any silicas, abrasives, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant, cyclic imidinium surfactant, or more than 3 wt. % of a fatty acid or salt thereof.

An object of this invention is to provide a novel liquid cleaning composition with improved grease cleaning properties.

Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Detailed Description of the Invention The liquid cleaning compositions having a pH of 8 to 10 of the instant invention comprise by weight: (a) 6% to 15% of an alkaline earth metal salt of a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; (b) 1 % to 5% of an alkali metal salt of a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; (c) 7% to 15% of an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; (d) 5% to 15% of an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant; (e) 3% to 12% of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic surfactant, a C12-C14 alkyl monoalkanol amide and an amine oxide surfactant and mixtures thereof; (f) 0 to 5%, more preferably 0. 1% to 4% of a sulfonate solubilizer ; (g) 0.5% to 8% of a Cl-C4 alkanol ; (h) 0 to 0.5%, more preferably 0. 01% to 0.4% of a cheating agent which is pentasodiumpentate; (i) 0.05% to 1. 0% of a preservative; and (j) the balance being water.

The instant compositions do not contain any grease release agents such as choline chloride or buffering system which is a nitrogerious buffer which is ammonium or alkaline earth carbonate, guanidine derivates, alkoxylalkyl amines and alkyleneamines and the composition is pourable and not a gel and the compositions exhibit a viscosity in the range of 100 to 1000 milli Pascal. second (m Pas) as measured at 25°C with a Brookfield RVT viscometer.

The anionic sulfonate surfactants which may be used in the cleaning composition of this invention are water soluble and include the sodium, potassium, ammonium and ethanolammonium salts of linear Cg-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonates ; C10-C20 paraffin sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates containing 10-24 carbon atoms and Cs-Cis aikyi

sulfates and mixtures thereof. The preferred anionic sulfonate surfactant is a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate.

The paraffin sulfonates may be monosulfonates or di-sulfonates and usually are mixtures thereof, obtained by sulfonating paraffins of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferred paraffin sulfonates are those of C12-18 carbon atoms chains, and more preferably they are of C14-17 chains. Paraffin sulfonates that have the sulfonate group (s) distributed along the paraffin chain are described in U. S. Patents 2,503, 280; 2,507, 088; 3,260, 744; and 3,372, 188; and also in German Patent 735,096. Such compounds may be made to specifications and desirably the content of paraffin sulfonates outside the C14-17 range will be minor and will be minimized, as will be any contents of di-or poly-sulfonates.

Examples of suitable other sulfonate anionic detergents are the well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates, such as the higher alkylbenzene sulfonates containing 9 to 18 or preferably 9 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, or Cg 15 alkyl toluene sulfonates. A preferred alkylbenzene sulfonate is a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate having a higher content of 3- phenyl (or higher) isomers and a correspondingly lower content (well below 50%) of 2- phenyl (or lower) isomers, such as those sulfonates wherein the benzene ring is attached mostly at the 3 or higher (for example 4,5, 6 or 7) position of the alkyl group and the content of the isomers in which the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1 position is correspondingly low. Preferred materials are set forth in U. S. Patent 3,320, 174, especially those in which the alkyls are of 10 to 13 carbon atoms.

The Cg 18 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactants have the structure + R- (OCHCH2) nOS03M wherein n is 1 to 22 more preferably 1 to 3 and R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 15 and natural cuts, for example, C12-14 or C12- 16 and M is an ammonium cation or a metal cation, most preferably sodium.

The ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate may be made by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide and C8 10 alkanol, and neutralizing the resultant product.

The ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates differ from one another in the number of carbon atoms in the alcohols and in the number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of such alcohol. Preferred ethoxylated alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates contain 12 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohols and in the alkyl groups thereof, e. g. , sodium myristyl (3 EO) sulfate.

The alpha olefin sulfonates, include long-chain alkene sulfonates, long-chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates. These alpha olefin sulfonate surfactants may be prepared in a known manner by the reaction of sulfur trioxide (SO3) with long-chain olefins containing 8 to 25, preferably 12 to 21 carbon atoms and having the formula RCH=CHR1 where R is a higher alkyl group of 6 to 23 carbons and R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 17 carbons or hydrogen to form a mixture of sultones and alkene sulfonic acids which is then treated to convert the sultones to sulfonates. Preferred alpha olefin sulfonates contain from 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the R alkyl group and are obtained by sulfonating an a-olefin.

The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants have a hydrophobic group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 16 carbon atoms, most preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and polysaccharide hydrophilic group containing from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7 saccharide units (e. g., galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl ; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of saccharide moieties may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. The number x indicates the number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. For a particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule x can only assume integral values. In any physical sample of alkyl polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general molecules having different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the average value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. In this specification the values of x are to be understood to be average values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4-positions rather than at the 1- position, (thus giving e. g. a glucosyl or galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside). However, attachment through the 1-position, i. e., glucosides,

galactoside, fructosides, etc. , is preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are predominately attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2- position. Attachment through the 3-, 4-, and 6-positions can also occur. Optionally and less desirably there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide chain. The preferred alkoxide moiety is ethoxide.

Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from 8 to 20, preferably from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxide chain can contain up to 30, preferably less than 10, alkoxide moieties.

Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls and/or galactosyls and mixtures thereof.

The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. The use of alkyl monosaccharides in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred mode of carrying out the invention.

Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.

The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the formula R20 (CnH2nO) r (Z) x wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which said alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, preferable 0; and x is from 1.5 to 8, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7. To prepare these compounds a long chain alcohol (R20H) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step

procedure in which a short chain alcohol (R1 OH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (CI-6) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain alcohol (R2OH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desired alkyl polyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chain alkylglucoside content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material should be less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0% of the alkyl polyglucoside.

The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than 2%, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkyl polysaccharide. For some uses it is desirable to have the alkyl monosaccharide content less than 10%.

The used herein,"alkyl polysaccharide surfactant"is intended to represent both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification,"alkyl polyglucoside"is used to include alkyl polyglycosides because the stereochemistry of the saccharide moiety is changed during the preparation reaction.

An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG 625 glycoside manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA. APG25 is a nonionic alkyl polyglycoside characterized by the formula: CnH2n+ 0 (C6H1005) xH wherein n=10 (2%); n=122 (65%); n=14 (21-28%); n=16 (4-8%) and n=18 (0.5%) and x (degree of polymerization) = 1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6 to 10 (10% of APG 625 in distilled water); a specific gravity at 25°C of 1.1 g/ml ; a density at 25°C of 9.1 Ibs/gallon ; a calculated HLB of 12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 35°C, 21 spindle, 5-10 RPM of 3,000 to 7,000 cps.

Amine oxide semi-polar nonionic surfactants comprise compounds and mixtures of compounds have the formula:

wherein R1 is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl radical in which the alkyl and alkoxy, respectively, contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or 3-hydroxypropyl, and n is from 0 to 10. Particularly preferred are amine oxides of the formula: wherein R1 is a C12-16 alkyl and R2 and R3 are methyl or ethyl. The above ethylene oxide condensates, amides, and amine oxides are more fully described in U. S. Pat. No.

4,316, 824 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The water-soluble zwitterionic surfactant, which can also be used provides good foaming properties and mildness to the present nonionic based liquid detergent. The zwitterionic surfactant is a water soluble betaine having the general formula : wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, or the amido radical : wherein R is an alkyl group having 9 to 19 carbon atoms and a is the integer 1 to 4; R2 and R3 are each alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons and preferably 1 carbon; R4 is an alkylen or hydroxyalkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and, optionally, one

hydroxyl group. Typical alkyldimethyl betaines include decyl dimethyl betaine or 2- (N- decyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonia) acetate, coco dimethyl betaine or 2- (N-coco N, N- dimethylammonio) acetate, myristyl dimethyl betaine, palmityl dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine, etc. The amidobetaines similarly include cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine and the like. A preferred betaine is coco (Cg-C g) amidopropyl dimethyl betaine.

The instant composition can contain a mixture of a C12 14 alkyl monoalkanol amide such as lauryl monoalkanol amide and a C12 14 alkyl dialkanol amide such as lauryl diethanol amide or coco diethanol amide.

The instant compositions contains at least one solubilizing agent which is sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, a C1 4 mono, dihydroxy or polyhydroxy alkanols such as ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The solubilizing agents are included in order to control low temperature cloud clear properties. Urea can be optionally employed in the instant composition as a supplemental solubilizing agent at a concentration of 0 to 10 wt. %, more preferably 0.5 wt. % to 8 wt. %.

The preservatives which can be used in the instant compositions are selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride ; benzethonium chloride, 5-bromo-5- nitro-1,3dioxane ; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol ; alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; N- (hydroxymethyl)-N- (1, 3-dihydroxy methyl-2, 5-dioxo-4-imidaxolidinyl-N'- (hydroxy methyl) urea; 1-3-dimethyol-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin; formaldehyde ; iodopropynl butyl carbamata, butyl paraben; ethyl paraben; methyl paraben; propyl paraben, mixture of methyl isothiazolinone/methyl-chloroisothiazoline in a 1: 3 wt. ratio; mixture of phenoxythanol/butyl paraben/methyl paraben/propylparaben ; 2-phenoxyethanol ; tris- hydroxyethyl-hexahydrotriazine ; methylisothiazolinone ; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 3-one; 1,2-dibromo-2, 4-dicyanobutane; 1- (3-chloroalkyl)-3, 5,7-triaza- azoniaadamantane chloride, and sodium benzoate. PH adjusting agents such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide can be used as needed.

The instant formulas explicitly exclude alkali metal silicates and alkali metal builders such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal phosphonates.

The final essential ingredient in the inventive compositions having improved interfacial tension properties is water. The proportion of water in the compositions generally is in the range of 35% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60% by weight of the composition.

In final form, the instant compositions exhibit stability at reduced and increased temperatures. More specifically, such compositions remain clear and stable in the range of 5°C to 50°C, especially 10°C to 43°C. Such compositions exhibit a pH of 8 to 10. The compositions are readily pourable and exhibit a viscosity in the range of 100 to 1000 milliPascal. second (mPas. ) as measured at 25°C. with a Brookfield RVT Viscometer. Preferably, the viscosity is maintained in the range of 150 to 600 mPas.

The following examples illustrate liquid cleaning compositions of the described invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are by weight. The exemplified compositions are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the proportions in the examples and elsewhere in the specification are by weight.

Example 1 The following composition in wt. % was prepared by simple mixing procedure: A B C D Mg Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 9 9 9 9 Na Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 3 3 3 3 AEOS 1. 3EO NH4 or Na 11. 5 11.5 11.5 11.5 APG625 10 10 10 10 Lauryl myristal amido propyl amine oxide 5.4 5.4 Cocoamido propyl dimethyl betaine 5. 0 5.0 Sodium xylene sulfonate 1. 5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pentasodium pentetate 0. 125 0. 125 0. 125 0.125 Ethanol 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Dimethyol dimethyl hydantoin 0. 20 0.20 0.275 0.275 Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. pH 7. 0 9.0 7.0 9.0 Cup tallow removal % 25 30.4 19.1 18.9

The Cup test measures the grease removal under soaking conditions. 6 grams of warm liquid beef tallow is applied on a 250 ml plastic cup. It is allowed to solidify for at least 3 hours. Warm solutions (115F) of LDL products at 0. 267% concentration were poured on the plastic cups containing the grease. After 15 minutes they are emptied, and allowed to dry. The weight of the grease removed during soaking is measured.